City of Phoenix/ Regional Wireless Cooperative Information Technology Services ETO: Radio Communications March 19, 2018 Rev 4

Standards for Tower Inspection, Antenna, and Transmission Line Installation

CONTENTS

Chapter Page

1. Introduction 5

1.1 General 5

2. General Provisions 5

2.1 City of Phoenix Representative 5

2.2 FCC Permit 5

2.3 Surveying 5

2.4 Installation and Removal Requirements 5

2.5 Precautions 6

2.6 Radiation Hazard on Working Systems 6

2.7 Transportation 7

2.8 Materials 7

2.9 Substitutions or Variations 7

2.10 Documentation 7

2.11 Cleaning 7

2.12 Temporary Toilets 8

2.13 Welding 8

2.14 Cut, Welded or Damaged Surfaces 8

2.15 Surplus Material 8

2.16 Storage of Material on the Site 8

2.17 Protection of the Public 8

2.18 Overtime Work 8

2.19 Safety 8

2.20 Pre-construction Conference 9

2.21 Use of Sub-contractors 9

3. Antennas Installation 10

3.1 General 10

3.2 Antenna Installation (Horn, Parabolic, And Yagi/Whip) 11

3.3 Antenna Heater Circuit 12

4. Transmission Lines 13

4.1 General 13

4.2 Precautions 13

4.3 Elliptical Waveguide and Coaxial Cable Installation 14

4.3.2 Elliptical Waveguide Installation 15

4.3.3 Coaxial Cable Installation 16

4.4 Miscellaneous Waveguide Components 17

4.5 Waveguide/Antenna Leakage Test 17

4.6 Electrical Tests 17

4.7 Waveguide/Transmission Line Grounding 17

5. Pressurization Systems 19

5.1 General 19

5.2 Components 19

5.3 Installation 20

5.4 Turn Up 21

5.5 Operation and Maintenance 22

5.6 Use of the Antenna/Waveguide/Pressurization Checklist 22

6. Removal Guidelines 22

6.1 General 22

6.2 Transportation 23

6.3 Precautions 23

6.4 Transmission Line Removal 23

6.5 Antenna, Antenna Mounts, Support Rings, and Ice Protection 23

7. Tower & Antenna Maintenance 24

7.1 General Maintenance 24

7.2 Emergency Work 26

7.3 Safety 26

7.4 Precautions 27

7.5 Types of Structures 27

7.6 Initial Inspection 27

7.7 Subsequent Inspections 28

7.8 Tower Inspection Report 29

8. Compliance

8.1 Performance 29

8.2. Damage to City Property 29

1. Introduction

1.1 General

This document outlines performance standards for Suppliers performing installation, rearrangement or removal work, and tower maintenance guidelines at City of Phoenix (COP), Regional Wireless Cooperative (RWC) communication site locations. This document applies to any Supplier or Contractor performing such work either on behalf of COP, RWC, or RWC partner at communication site locations.

2. General Provisions This document establishes guidelines for the installation and removal of antennas, transmission lines and for testing and pressurization of same. Guidelines are also included for Tower & Antenna Maintenance. Guidelines for conducting work operations at COP/RWC communication sites, including provisions for safety, continuity of service and compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA), and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) requirements are also outlined.

2.1 City of Phoenix Representative

A COP representative will accompany the Supplier and/or Contractor during several phases of construction, installation, or removal and will inspect all work during and after its completion as noted in this document. The representative may be a maintenance or equipment engineer, or any person so specified by the COP.

2.2 FCC

No transmitter shall be placed “on-line” at the radio site until FCC licensing processes have been fulfilled by a COP representative or authorization has been issued to do so.

2.3 Surveying

The Supplier and/or subcontractor is responsible for all construction surveying or any other drawing or engineering documents that may be required to complete work in the best manner possible.

2.3.1 The site shall be located per the construction permit within the tolerances allowed by the Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 - Telecommunications (CFR47).

2.4 Installation and Removal Requirements

The Contractor shall complete all installation, removal, and maintenance work in accordance with this document and the provisions of the City of Phoenix Equipment Installation Guidelines.

2.4.1 The Supplier shall complete all work indicated in specifications and drawings including all work that is reasonably inferable from the specifications and drawings.

2.4.2 Unless otherwise instructed, the Supplier shall provide, furnish, pay and assume responsibility for all transportation, labor materials, tools, and other facilities required for the execution and completion of the work in a quality manner.

2.4.3 All Suppliers performing Installation or Maintenance work on antenna, waveguide and pressurization equipment and (or) systems will complete an Antenna/Waveguide/Pressurization checklist.

2.4.4 Only personnel knowledgeable in the installation and maintenance of antenna supporting structures, antenna systems, and radio transmission lines will perform work operations upon or within any site structure.

2.4.5 Weather

All Personnel shall use discretion when weather conditions become extreme or inclement.

2.5 Precautions

When antenna or waveguide work is performed at an existing station, working equipment may be affected. Every precaution shall be taken to ensure that working equipment is protected from physical damage, misalignment, movement or interruption.

2.5.1 Special care shall be taken when hoisting materials to ensure that material is not raised in front of working antennas. The City of Phoenix representative shall be advised prior to the start of any work at an existing station and again advised at the completion of each day’s work and at the completion of the job. An "all-clear" shall be obtained from the City of Phoenix representative before leaving the station in each case.

2.5.2 Extreme care shall be taken during transporting, unpacking, and installation of the waveguide to prevent damage to the new waveguide components. Even minor dents and other deformations in either rigid or flexible waveguide, or the flanges thereof, as well as in the walls and flanges of the transducers or combining networks will seriously impair transmission and require replacement.

2.5.3 The following activities have historically caused damage to existing systems with resulting degradation of transmission:

>Tower personnel pulling up containers/tool buckets on hand lines that rub against waveguide.

>Steel Contractor's pulling on waveguide networks while drilling in or around networks.

>Tower personnel walking on top of transmission line.

2.6 Radiation Hazard on Working Systems

Before beginning any work on a working antenna, waveguide system or structure supporting such a system, the Supplier shall review with the appropriate City of Phoenix representative all proposed methods and safety precautions that the Supplier shall take.

2.6.1 The COP Manager or assigned delegate shall make available to the Supplier all system power and radiation data along with various practices which outline precautions and protection for working personnel involved. These requirements are necessary because all working microwave systems may present a health hazard from Radio Frequency (RF) radiation. Final

048140 Highlight

048140 Highlight responsibility for the working safety of personnel from these hazards shall rest with the Supplier's designated safety officer.

2.7 Transportation

Approximately two weeks prior to the scheduled construction start date, a COP representative will determine how much of the material order has been received. If the COP representative determines that there is sufficient material to start the project and continue it while the rest of the material is expedited, the representative will notify the Supplier to start on the scheduled date. Before work has been started on the site, the Supplier shall check all material that is ordered for the work being performed. A written list of missing material shall be given to the COP representative. The Service Supplier shall transport all material from the specified warehouse to the site and shall be responsible for this material from the time it is received until the completed work is accepted by the

COP.

2.8 Materials

Unless otherwise specified, all materials furnished by the Supplier shall be new, of high quality and free from defects. Tower structure additions or modifications shall be performed in accordance with the latest issue of Tower Design Standard, EIA/TIA 222G. Steel shall be galvanized per ASTM A123 and Hardware per ASTM A153 or specified by a structural engineer.

2.9 Substitutions or Variations

No deviations from the specifications and drawings shall be made without prior written approval from the COP representative. Failure to comply with this provision shall render the Supplier liable for correction costs. The Supplier shall furnish the exact materials specified by the specifications and drawings unless changed by written approval. Where two or more materials are named, the Supplier shall have the choice of which one to use. The COP representative shall determine the course of action when there are differences between job drawings and the specifications.

2.10 Documentation

The Supplier shall keep all manufacturers' installation/operation information, sweep documents, Antenna/Waveguide/Pressurization/Radio acceptance and other documentation as required in an orderly manner and shall turn this information over to the COP after inspection of the completed work.

2.11 Cleaning

The Supplier shall, always, keep the premises free from accumulations of waste material and rubbish caused by their employees or workers.

2.11.1 At the completion of work, the Supplier shall remove all their rubbish from the site. In case of dispute, the COP representative may have the rubbish removed at the Supplier's expense. If material or rubbish is not placed on grounds specifically designated for dumping, written permission to dump shall be obtained from the property owner and the document shall be turned over to the COP representative.

2.11.2 No on-site burning will be tolerated or permitted. Toxic substances, if any, should be disposed of in accordance with current federal, state and local regulations.

2.11.3 A designated smoking section shall be maintained by the contractor onsite. All cigarette butts and associated items will remain in the area and removed at the end of the project at the contractor’s expense.

2.12 Temporary Toilets

If required, the Supplier will provide portable chemical type temporary toilets. These facilities shall be approved by the COP representative and shall agree with local building code requirements. The toilets shall be maintained in a neat and sanitary condition at all times. Temporary toilets and any litter shall be removed upon completion of the Supplier's work.

2.13 Welding

Where welding is required or permitted, it shall conform to all local codes and the requirements of the American Welding Society. Unless documented in the specifications and drawings, written permission for welding must be obtained from the COP representative.

2.14 Cut, Welded or Damaged Surfaces

Freshly cut surfaces or any surface where galvanizing has been damaged, such as by welding, shall be painted immediately with a zinc-rich touch-up paint (e.g. cold galvanizing compound). Any surface that is damp, coated with mud, greasy, etc., will be cleaned and dried before painting.

2.15 Surplus Material

The Supplier shall report, in writing, surplus suppliers' factory furnished material to the COP representative. Upon receipt of shipping instructions from the COP representative, the Supplier shall package and ship the surplus material as directed.

The Supplier shall be responsible for transporting the surplus material to the original warehouse or to another location of equal or less distance, as determined by the COP representative.

2.16 Storage of Material on the Site

The Supplier shall unload and store material in a careful, systematic manner to prevent damage from rust or other causes and to prevent loss of small pieces. Proper precautions, such as the use of skids, shall be taken to prevent material from resting on the ground or in water.

2.17 Protection of the Public

The Supplier should take the necessary precautions, as directed by the COP representative; to protect the public from injury during and after the Supplier's working hours. For example, before the permanent fencing is erected, temporary fencing shall be placed around the tower at the Supplier's expense to discourage unauthorized climbing (i.e. eliminate an attractive nuisance).

2.18 Overtime Work

All work on Sunday, or at any time that would require overtime by a COP employee, is prohibited unless authorized in advance by the COP representative.

2.19 Safety

Safety on the job is an important consideration for the City of Phoenix. Responsibility rests on the

Supplier and/or contractor to be sure that the job is done safely, but the COP maintains an interest in protecting employees and equipment. The Supplier shall comply with any applicable requirements as set forth by the U. S. Department of Labor, OSHA, and the NFPA. The Supplier should designate a responsible employee (generally the job foreman) as "Safety Officer" and should maintain a first aid kit on job. The contents of the safety kit should include all items required by appropriate OSHA specifications (e.g. Comprehensive Trauma First Aid Kit) Work aloft or on the ground by COP personnel shall be performed in accordance with the COP ITS- ETO Radio Communications tower climbing policies and all appropriate Local, City, County, Federal, State, OSHA and NFPA regulations. Climbers will not “ride the Load Line” or the capstan winch (if one is utilized).

2.19.1 Personal Protection Equipment

Subcontractors performing work upon a COP, RWC, or RWC partner communications site shall utilize proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) at all times and shall comply with all appropriate Local, City, County, Federal, State, OSHA and NFPA regulations pertaining to the job task and/or job being performed (e.g. proper footwear, RF Monitoring/Safety, hard hats, etc.). All PPE must be in good repair.

a) All Tower Climbers will wear and utilize a Personal Fall Arrest System to where the climber shall maintain 100% tie-off at all times.

b) All Personnel performing ground functions and/or within the “drop-zone” of the tower activities shall wear hard hats, wear safety shoes, and have the use of appropriate work gloves.

c) Tower climbing and PFAS equipment shall be inspected for defects before each use to where defective equipment shall be removed from service and follow the contractor’s process for disposal and/or replacement.

d) Tower climbing and PFAS equipment shall be inspected for service life per manufacturer and/or industry standards. Any equipment identified to be beyond the service life date shall be removed from service and follow the contractor’s process for disposal and/or replacement.

2.19.2 Tower Climbing Certification

Contractor tower climbing personnel shall be certified by a third-party entity that is qualified in providing tower climbing certification in accordance with recognized industry practices and applicable federal/state laws and regulations. Any subcontractor personnel who does not possess or provide these credentials are not permitted to perform tower or antenna work.

Contractor tower climbing personnel certification shall include competency in performing tower rescues, performing tower rigging, and curriculum for ground support personnel (who may or may not perform the act of climbing).

Any contractor tower climbers shall be deemed “physically fit” by the contractor to perform tower climbing activities and/or work tasks.

2.19.3 Job Hazard Assessment

Subcontractors performing work upon a tower structure will ensure a Job Hazard Assessment (JHA) is completed for each climbing event and is on-site for the duration of the climbing event or work performed. JHA are to be submitted daily to the COP representative upon request.

2.19.4 Tower Climbing Pre-requisites

Any climbing activities will have the following items in place prior to climbing activities being authorized to proceed:

A. Completed Job Hazard Assessment (JHA) B. Safety Meeting and Plan C. Rescue and/or Emergency Plan D. Equipment Inspections E. Declaration of the Climbing Event Foreman

a. Provides direction for the duration of the climbing event

b. Addresses any safety issues that occur

c. Possesses final decision making ability

d. Assigns duties as needed or required

e. Ensures personnel use of PSE is properly used for which it is intended

f. Ensures equipment manufacturers safety, maintenance, and use guidelines are observed.

F. Assessment of the tower structure

2.19.5 Leased Equipment

Any equipment leased by the contractor shall be subject to applying safety procedures, equipment inspections, and competency in the operational use of the equipment (e.g. man-lift or articulating boom).

2.19.6 Decertification

Any contracted personnel who fail to demonstrate proper safety procedures or proper use of safety equipment shall be required to re-certify as specified in 2.19.2. A substantial safety violation may permanently bar a contractor from performing tower work at any site at the discretion of the City.

2.20 Pre-construction Conference

After any contract or job event has been awarded, the Supplier, together with sub-contractors and their supervisors, will meet with the COP representative to review the plans and specifications and determine a satisfactory schedule and resolve any questions. At this meeting, the COP representative will also cover "conduct of work", "sequence of work", "safety" and "overtime".

The pre-construction conference shall also provide for the preliminary version of the Method of Procedure (MOP). Final version of the MOP with all corrections is submitted and approved prior to commencement the work task(s).

2.21 Wildlife

Active wildlife nests upon a tower structure shall be immediately reported to a City of Phoenix representative prior to climbing the structure. The City of Phoenix representative shall provide guidance to the climbing team's ability to proceed with the tower climbing event.

2.22 Use of Sub-contractors

The Supplier shall notify the COP representative of their intention to use subcontractors and provide a list of all sub-contractors for approval. The Supplier shall retain all responsibility for work performed by and the licensing of sub-contractors.

3. Antenna Installation

3.1 General

Several different types of antennas are in use throughout by the City of Phoenix. All antennas shall be inspected inside and outside for correct assembly. Any possible damage shall be reported immediately upon uncrating and before any further work is performed to the City of Phoenix representative. The color of the antenna and antenna radome cover received should be verified against the engineering document ordering the antenna.

3.1.1 Care shall be taken at all times to avoid denting or otherwise deforming any parts, as this will impair the operations of the antenna.

3.1.2 All metal antenna surfaces and metal shrouds should be free from scratches and impressions. If scratches are minor in nature, they should be touched-up according to manufacturer's instructions.

3.1.3 All tools and materials required for the installation of the antennas shall be as specified in the individual installation instructions or equivalent.

3.1.4 If mounts and antennas are being added to an existing guyed tower, the Supplier shall record vertical tower alignment using a transit prior to installing mounts and antennas, record findings, and double check alignment at the completion of the installation. The Supplier shall forward these readings to the COP representative. A copy shall be kept on site in the job package.

3.1.5 Antennas should be delivered to the site only far enough in advance of the planned installation to allow adequate assembly time. To avoid possible damage, they and shall not be stored at the site, either assembled or disassembled, for an extended period.

3.1.6 The Supplier shall provide a skid or platform to form a sound working area for the assembly of parabolic and yagi antennas. Flat or gently sloping terrain near the antenna structure may also be used if precautions are taken to ensure dirt, debris, or moisture does not accumulate in or on the antenna.

3.1.7 The skid on which the horn antenna was shipped and all associated parts should be unloaded in an area where the terrain is relatively smooth and level, and as close to the base of the supporting structure as is practicable. Consideration should be given to hazards from objects that may fall or be dropped from the tower, possible interference with construction operations, etc. At no time, will the horn antenna assembly be allowed directly on the ground.

3.1.8 Before starting the antenna installation, inspect the interior of the antenna for the presence of water or, in cold weather, ice or frost. If moisture in any form is present, it must be removed before the antenna is installed.

3.1.9 All antenna surfaces should be free from scratches and impressions. If damages are minor in nature, use touch up paint provided by the manufacturer. If major in nature, the part(s) should be repaired or replaced at the direction of the City of Phoenix representative.

3.1.10 The antenna, the antenna feed horn, and the antenna feed shall be assembled according to the antenna manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Inspect the inside of the antenna for foreign material and remove before attaching the feed horn. Appropriate care should be exercised to avoid any damage to the antenna during assembly.

3.1.11 Do not shorten the factory cabling harness on Yagi antennas. The engineer will supply element positions for directional antennas.

3.2 Antenna Installation (Horn, Parabolic, And Yagi/Whip)

3.2.1 The manufacturer’s specifications shall be used to determine the correct rigging for hoisting the antenna. The hoisting procedures shall be reviewed with the COP representative to ensure adequate precautions are taken to protect working service and the antenna is rigged and hoisted safely. Lines used for hoisting the antenna shall be in good repair and of sufficient size to adequately support the load with a reasonable safety margin.

***CAUTION***

Deploy personnel on the ground to handle the tag lines in the manner best suited to minimize erratic motion and prevent collision with the tower, other antennas, or other obstacles. Exercise extreme care to avoid contact with the guy wires when installing antennas on guyed towers.

Wind loading on the antenna can make control while hoisting the antenna difficult, especially when winds are gusting. Installation of an antenna should not be attempted unless wind velocities are calm and weather conditions are expected to remain stable.

3.2.2 Ensure that the antenna is installed at the correct transmission center line, azimuth or polarity as requested by the COP representative and/or FCC documentation. The Supplier shall follow manufacturer's instructions for orienting the antenna and shall have necessary tools available for that purpose.

Do not leave the antenna elevation held solely by either the tubular shipping support or the tilt adjustment tool. Neither of these is designed to withstand the force created by even moderate winds blowing against the antenna. The antenna elevation must be locked in place as specified by the manufacturer for overnight or longer periods.

3.2.3 Before starting the antenna installation, inspect the interior of the antenna feed for the presence of water or, in cold weather, ice or frost. If moisture in any form is present, it must be removed before the antenna is installed. Ensure the drain plugs are either installed or removed depending on antenna orientation and manufacturer design to prevent water build-up due to weather conditions.

3.2.4 Ensure that anti-seize or locking compound is applied to threads of bolts per the manufacturer’s specifications.

3.2.5 The manufacturer’s specifications shall be used to determine the correct rigging for hoisting the antenna. The hoisting procedures shall be reviewed with the COP representative to ensure adequate precautions are taken to protect working service and the antenna is rigged and hoisted safely. Lines used for hoisting the antenna shall be in good repair and of sufficient size to adequately support the load with a reasonable safety margin.

3.2.6 If antennas are to be reused, ensure that the covers and cover hardware, shroud, feed, and all support hardware are available and in “like new” condition.

3.2.7 If the antenna has been in-service at another location and uses stainless steel cover hardware, new cover hardware should be used when the cover is installed (stainless steel hardware threads will bind and gall, preventing the nuts from being loosened or tightened correctly).

3.2.8 Antenna covers should be installed according to the manufacturer's specifications.

3.2.9 Parabolic antenna covers (radomes) shall be of polymer-coated material if they are available for the type of antenna being installed.

3.2.10 Use manufacturer approved mounting hardware kits, as supplied or specified by the COP.

Align Yagi’s or dipole under the direction of the COP.

3.2.11 Connect transmission lines per Section 4.

3.2.12 Perform pressurization tests per Section 5

3.2.13 The manufacturer specifications shall be used to determine the number, size, and quantity of antenna stiff arms to support the antenna assembly. The information shall be reviewed by the COP representative and included with the Method of Procedure (MOP). The max strut angles for antennas: Inboard ± 25° H; ±5° V; Outboard ±25° H; ± 25° V; Pipe Mount = plum, off apex.

3.3 Antenna Heater Circuit

Conduit for antenna heater circuits shall be installed in accordance with the most current issue of the National Electric Code (NEC) and local electrical codes.

4. Transmission Lines

4.1 General

The types of Transmission Lines found in COP communication facilities include, but are not limited to; Elliptical, Coaxial, Rigid, or Semi-Rigid. These transmission lines can be either pressurized or non-pressurized. The transmission line connects the antenna to the radio transmitter/receiver, is supported at correct intervals, and may have additional protection from ice or falling objects.

Working transmission lines should not be moved or opened without approval of the COP representative or Supervisor. A thorough knowledge of the radio system, type of transmission line, and manufacturer specifications is required before performing any work on transmission lines.

Elliptical and coaxial waveguides are available for connecting the antenna to the radio equipment.

Elliptical waveguides usually carry only one polarization of a frequency band and a different size guide is required for each frequency band.

4.1.1 Waveguide should be delivered to the site only far enough in advance of their planned installation to allow adequate assembly time. They shall not be stored at the site for any extended period. The Supplier shall provide a storage area, which will protect the waveguide from the weather. In no case, will the waveguide be allowed to be stored directly on the ground, or in areas where standing water is present.

4.1.2 Ensure the transmission line or waveguide is of the type and quantity ordered.

Waveguide labels should be removed and given to the COP representative at the completion of the installation. The COP representative shall also assign the color banding identification scheme which will have a series placed near the antenna, prior to entering the shelter, entering the shelter, and near the termination to the radio equipment.

4.1.3 Rigid and elliptical waveguide between the antenna and pressure window shall be installed without “drip loops”. Twist-flex jumpers are not allowed for connecting to outside antenna unless approved by the COP representative.

4.2 Precautions

All Suppliers shall take precautions to protect workers from hazards posed by Radio Frequency (RF) radiation. See Chapter 2.5

4.2.1 When antenna or waveguide work is performed at an existing station, working equipment may be affected. Every precaution shall be taken to ensure that working equipment is protected from physical damage, misalignment, movement or interruption.

4.2.2 Special care shall be taken, when hoisting materials, to ensure that material is not raised in front of working antennas. The COP representative shall be advised prior to the start of any work at an existing station and again advised at the completion of each day’s work and at the completion of the job. An "all-clear" shall be obtained from the COP representative before leaving the site in each case.

4.2.3 Extreme care shall be taken during transporting, unpacking, and installation of the waveguide to prevent damage to the new waveguide components. Even minor dents and other deformations of both rigid and flexible waveguide, and the flanges thereof, as well as in the walls and flanges of the transducers or combining networks will seriously impair transmission and require replacement.

4.2.4 Suppliers shall ensure that all coaxial or waveguide connections meet manufacturer specifications and that all hardware, including gaskets, are installed correctly.

4.2.5 Suppliers shall ensure that no foreign material is introduced into, or remains inside the waveguide system when the installation is complete. Serious impedance discontinuity may result if this condition is not scrupulously observed. This includes nuts, bolts, putty, metallic filings, solder runs or water.

4.2.6 If required, the equipment shall be cleaned with solvent applied with cloth, drawn through the waveguide with a string or chain, being careful not to scratch the inner surface.

The following activities have historically caused damage to existing systems with resulting degradation of transmission:

• Tower personnel pulling up containers/tool buckets on hand lines that rub against waveguide.

• Steel Contractor's pulling on waveguide networks while drilling in or around networks.

• Removing and replacing the antenna feed horn. The cross-polarization discrimination should be measured after any work on the feed horn, or after antenna alignment.

• Tower personnel walking on top of transmission line

• Loose bolts in waveguide flange. All flanges must be tight to maintain adequate discrimination, return loss and pressure.

4.3 Elliptical and Coaxial Transmission Line

4.3.1 General

Elliptical waveguide is made in different sizes for each frequency band and each waveguide can transmit and receive only one polarization of a frequency band. A major advantage of elliptical waveguide is that it can be installed in one continuous length from the antenna to the radio equipment. Elliptical waveguide is usually shipped on a reel. The waveguide may be shipped with or without factory-installed connectors.

Coaxial cable is recommended for microwave radios utilizing a split mount configuration. A major advantage of coaxial cable is that it can be installed in one continuous length from the antenna to the radio equipment. Coaxial cable is shipped on a reel or in a box.

Transmission lines should be installed to where lines are protected, installed to preserve bend radius, and have aesthetic value in the application of proper cable management.

4.3.2 Installation

4.3.2.1 The transmitting equipment and antenna should be installed prior to the waveguide.

Inspect the waveguide for possible shipping damage and pressure loss. If the waveguide has a pressure loss, check all joints for possible leaks.

4.3.2.2 Factory attached connectors are shipped with a blank flange attached to maintain pressure during shipment. Do not remove the blank flange until after the waveguide is installed, as it also affords protection to the connector face and prevents accidental entry of foreign matter.

4.3.2.3 When bulk waveguide is used, field attachment of the connector at the antenna end must be completed before hoisting. Remove the pressurizing cap just prior to use. Attach the connector to the end of the bulk waveguide in accordance with the connector instructions received. Be very careful to keep all connector parts perfectly clean. Pressure test the assembly.

4.3.2.4 Provide a strong pulley high enough on the tower to allow the waveguide to be raised sufficiently to make a proper antenna connection. The pulley should be positioned on the tower where the weight being hoisted will not damage, bend or deform the tower horizontal or diagonal cross members. Most lengths can be hoisted manually; however, a winch is recommended for lifting several hundred feet of the larger waveguides. Additional tying is done above and below the cable grips to keep the weight on the hoist line and to avoid unnecessary stresses on the waveguide.

4.3.2.5 Make certain to allow slack in the waveguide when tying, and that slack is maintained during hoisting. Tying is accomplished with a strong, fiber reinforced tape, suitable rigging rope, or similar material applied generously at 15 or 20 foot intervals as the waveguide is raised.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to ensure that the waveguide is not damaged as it is pulled from the reel.

4.3.2.6 Hoist the waveguide slowly. To prevent kinking, rotation of the reel must be retarded to control payout of the waveguide as required.

4.3.2.7 During installation of the waveguide, no bend of the waveguide should exceed that recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended that the waveguide be bent with bending tools obtained from the manufacturer. A proper bend radius should be obtained specified by the manufacturer and the proper plane of the waveguide must be maintained throughout the run. In maintaining the waveguide plane, the plane must be either vertical or horizontal according to the manufacturer installation parameters to where varying degrees between planes in the waveguide run is not an acceptable installation practice.

4.3.2.8 After the waveguide has been raised to the correct height, use the cable grip as a temporary anchor to support the waveguide until the connector has been properly mated with the antenna input. Provide sufficient slack to permit an easy flange alignment. Remove the protective covering and blank flange from the connector and connect the waveguide to the antenna. Maintain hoist line tension until anchoring is completed. Waveguide grips, used to hoist elliptical waveguide, should be left in place on the waveguide and secured to the tower structure.

4.3.2.9 All waveguide is subject to vibration from wind and shall not be left unsupported.

4.3.2.10 Hot dipped galvanized square support rails or leg clamps are approved for elliptical or coaxial line support and should be attached uniformly at four-foot intervals to the vertical angle iron runs or diagonal cross members. A minimum of three attachments in a 20-foot section of square support rail is allowed only where the square support rail is being attached to diagonal cross members and the four-foot spacing cannot be maintained. Galvanized square support rail that is cut shall be coated per Chapter 2, Paragraph 2.14.

4.3.2.11 Waveguide and coaxial line supports should be installed per the manufacturer's instructions unless local conditions dictate more stringent requirements. Position the hangers to hold the waveguide away from tower members to where hangers are positioned directly underneath tower members. Hangers are not permitted to be installed in an “on-top” position.

Rubbing against edges could cause damage later. If adding or changing waveguide clamps, the City of Phoenix representative should specify the type of clamps to be used. In most cases, the new clamps should match those being used on existing waveguide runs. Plastic Zip ties, string, rope are not suitable permanent hangers.

4.3.2.12 Be very careful not to tighten the hangers excessively to avoid deforming the waveguide.

4.3.2.13 Dents or deformations can cause degradation in the electrical performance. Follow the hanger instructions included with the hangers. As the hangers are attached, the entire length of waveguide should be inspected for possible damage.

4.3.2.14 The COP adheres to Motorola’s R56 grounding standards and shall be used as guidelines for grounding applications. The top (within 3 feet of the antenna) and bottom (of the vertical run) of the waveguide should be grounded to the tower by using approved grounding kits which have low impedance conductors. Grounding kits are not being placed in a bend of waveguide. In addition, the waveguide should be grounded at a point where it enters the building, using approved grounding kits, 2-hole #6 American Wire Gauge (AWG) crimp connectors and bolting directly or ground buss at the port entry panel, using stainless steel bolts and nuts. Grounding tails should not be stretched and have the proper radius to transition into the grounding system. All ground connections are weather sealed.

4.3.2.15 Attach all ground wire connections on coaxial and elliptical waveguide to a horizontal support member using the same type hangers and intervals as in the vertical run with preference to the Tower Ground Bar (TGB) system if equipped.

4.3.2.16 Exposed horizontal runs must be protected from the weight of accumulated ice and damage from falling ice or other objects.

4.3.3 Installation - Coaxial Waveguide Only

4.3.3.1 Coaxial cables may be supported on cable ladders, buried, or suspended from the messenger support cable from the tower to the transmitter building. Jacketed coaxial cables can be buried if approved by the manufacturer. The minimum bending radius of the coaxial cable shall never be exceeded. All coaxial antenna connections are weather sealed after proper terminations have been completed. Position tower mounted coax within hangers designed to hold the transmission line away from tower members. Hangers are to be positioned directly underneath tower members in a “down” position and not permitted to be installed in an “on-top” position.

4.3.3.2 Do not trim off any cable (even if it looks extra) from an antenna or array feed harness.

4.3.3.3 When installing mobile radio antennas, the cable harness must be assembled according to the manufacturer’s specifications, with radiating elements in proper phase.

4.3.3.4 Coaxial cables should be grounded as outlined in Motorola’s R56 Standards and Guidelines for Communication Sites. Lightning Arrestors will also be used and should be installed to agree with the Grounding Technical Publication mentioned above. All ground connections are weather sealed.

4.4 Miscellaneous Waveguide Components

Various networks and components have been developed so that radio capacity can be increased when using a single reflector antenna and is associated elliptical waveguide. The networks are attached to the waveguide through a circulator to essentially mix the separate frequency bands.

4.4.1 Installation of miscellaneous waveguide components shall be in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.

4.4.2 The Supplier shall make final tests to ensure that the polarizations comply with the PCN, FCC license, and that the isolation between polarizations meets the manufacturer’s specifications.

4.5 Waveguide Leakage Test

Overall leakage tests shall be performed to ensure the integrity of the complete antenna system, including the antenna, waveguide and connectors. These tests shall be made in accordance with the manufacturers’ specifications and shall be made from the pressure window. The system’s pressurization point shall be labeled according to direction from the COP representative.

4.6 Electrical Tests

Elliptical or coaxial transmission line shall be transmission tested to meet the performance specified in the Radio Transmission Design document or as specified in the COP engineering document. These tests shall be performed: (1) While the waveguide is still on the reel (before hoisting into place), and

(2) after the waveguide or transmission line is hoisted and secured into its final position.

4.6.1 All antenna and transmission line systems are to be tested for loss, return loss, and cross-polarization discrimination (where appropriate) from the radio bay to the antenna. The antenna should be included in the measurement of return loss. The specific objective values for each parameter will be specified by the design engineer. A printed copy of these tests should be forwarded to the City of Phoenix Engineer and a copy left in the Job Package at the completion of the job.

4.7 Waveguide/Transmission Line Grounding

Outdoor waveguides and/or transmission lines are subject to being struck by lightning and must be well grounded due to the large currents which are setup during a lightning strike. These currents are rendered relatively innocuous through the paralleling of multiple paths. This is especially important where links in the conductive path, such as the flex waveguide, have smaller current carrying capacity and higher impedance than other portions of the path, such as the rigid waveguide.

All outside waveguide, transmission line, and associated support structures shall be bonded and grounded in accordance with requirements specified in Motorola’s R56 Standards and Guidelines for Communication Sites.

4.7.1 The top (within 3 feet of the antenna) and bottom (of the vertical run) of the waveguide or transmission line should be grounded to the tower by using approved grounding kits which have low impedance conductors. Grounding kits will not be placed in a bend of waveguide or transmission line. In addition, the waveguide and transmission line will be grounded using approved grounding kits per the requirements in Motorola’s R56 Standards and Guidelines for Communication Sites.

4.7.2 All transmission lines shall be bonded to the tower using ground kits as follows:

• Transmission line ground kits shall be installed per manufacturer specifications.

• Transmission line ground kits shall be sealed from the weather to prevent water and corrosion damage to the transmission line (ANSI T1.313-2003, section 10.5).

• Transmission line ground kits shall be attached to an effectively grounded vertical member of the tower, using tower manufacturer-approved methods (typically a type of mechanical clamp).

• Transmission line ground kits may attach to a tower bus bar in lieu of directly attaching to the tower structure (e.g. “Tower Ground Bus Bar”; ANSI T1.313-2003, section 10.5).

• Transmission line ground kit grounding conductors shall be installed without drip loops, parallel to the transmission line, and pointed down towards the ground to provide a direct discharge path for lightning (ANSI T1.313-2003, section 10.5.1).

• Transmission line ground kits shall be installed at the first point of contact, near the antenna (ANSI T1.334-2002, section 6.6; ANSI T1.313-2003, section 10.5.1; and MIL-HDBK-419A).

• Transmission line ground kits shall be installed at the bottom of the tower near the vertical to horizontal transition point (ANSI T1.313-2003, section 10.5.1; ANSI T1.334-2002, section 6.6; and MIL-HDBK-419A). The ground kits shall be bonded to the tower or tower ground bus bar (TGB) if installed.

• Attach all ground wire connections on elliptical waveguide and coaxial transmission lines to horizontal support members using the same type ground kits, specifications, and intervals as in the vertical run.

• • If the tower is greater than 61 m (200 ft.) in height, an additional ground kit shall be installed at the tower midpoint (ANSI T1.334-2002, section 6.6 and MIL-HDBK-419A).

Additional ground kits shall be installed as necessary to reduce the distance between ground kits to 61 m (200 ft.) or less.

• In high lightning, prone geographical areas, additional ground kits should be installed at spacing between 15.2 to 22.9 m (50 to 75 ft.) (ANSI T1.313, section 10.5.1 and ANSI T1.334- 2002, section 6.6). This is especially important on towers taller than 45.7 m (150 ft.).

• Transmission line ground kits shall be installed near the building, shelter, equipment housing, or cabinet entry point (ANSI T1.334-2002, section 6.6; MIL-HDBK-419A; and NFPA 70-2005, Articles 810.20 and 820.93). The ground kits shall bond to the external ground bus bar (EGB) if installed, or directly to the grounding electrode system, ensuring a continuous downward flow toward the grounding electrode system is maintained.

5. Pressurization Systems

5.1 General

All air dielectric transmission lines and antenna systems used outdoors by the COP will be pressurized using dry air or nitrogen. The purposes of the pressurization system are to:

> Prevent condensation and corrosion inside the antenna and transmission lines.

> Prevent entry of foreign material into the antenna or transmission lines.

> Provide a method to alarm the antenna system if it is mechanically breached.

Wet air inside a transmission line will condense in cool weather. Even if the condensed water is not of sufficient quantity to cause immediate transmission impairments, the dampness will cause the copper transmission lines to corrode, seriously degrading transmission performance.

Small holes in an antenna system without pressure will allow the entry of significant amounts of water during storms. Small insects are also noted for their ability to find these tiny holes.

Large holes, such as those caused by bullets, can cause the pressure in a system to drop to nothing and leave a convenient opening for even large insects and lots of water.

A pressure monitor and alarm system is used to give the alarm center immediate indication if the pressure drops below a predetermined level.

The indoor portion of elliptical waveguide transmission lines will be pressurized because the pressure window is located at or near the radio equipment.

Air pressure systems consist of three major subsystems:

• Air dryer or compressed nitrogen bottle.

• Air/gas distribution system.

• Pressure monitor/alarm system.

5.2.1 Dry nitrogen is commercially available, but is used only for temporary arrangements, or at solar-powered repeater sites where ac power is not available.

5.2.2 An air dryer filters ambient air, compresses and cools it, and the sends the cool air through a desiccant tower or drying membrane where it is dried, and on to the distribution system. Two basic types of air dryers are available, automatic and manual.

5.2.3 Automatic air dryers automatically regenerate the desiccant in the towers.

Manual dryers require periodic replacement of the desiccant. Only automatic air dryers shall be used by the COP.

5.2.4 The COP engineer or their authorized representative will make the determination on site specific use.

5.2.5 Low volume air dryers typically use piston compressors and external regulating tanks.

Small air dryers are available with or without regulating tanks (reservoirs). Low volume air dryers used by the COP must be supplied with regulating tanks.

5.2.6 If sufficient capacity and pressure regulation is available, the air dryer used for cable pressurization in co-located sites can be used to supply dry air for the antenna systems. The COP representative will specify the size and type of dryer to use, with consideration for size, capacity, location, spare parts, maintenance, and approved product availability.

5.2.7 Distribution systems provide a means to distribute and turn on or off the dry air to the antenna systems. Dry air is fed from the air dryer system through a pressure regulator to a manifold. The pressure regulator controls the pressure in the entire system. A separate feed line, with shut off valve at the manifold, is routed to each point needing air. The size of the line from the air dryer to the manifold is determined by the equipment engineer. Each port of the distribution system shall be label as directed by the COP representative.

5.2.8 The monitor/alarm system constantly monitors the pressure in each antenna system and provides an alarm (dry contacts) if the pressure drops below a preset level.

5.3 Installation

The Installation Supplier is to maintain all manufacturer installation, operation, and maintenance literature in an orderly manner. This information will be used during an acceptance inspection.

Deviations from instructions will be corrected by the Supplier or accepted by the COP representative, with concurrence from the acceptance engineer/operations supervisor, prior to final acceptance.

5.3.1 The air dryer is to be mounted within a rack or equipment shelf inside the building per manufacturer instructions. A pressure distribution manifold(s) is to be mounted on the inside wall near the air dryer.

5.3.2 Pressure monitors are to be mounted on the board and labeled, per the equipment engineer or City of Phoenix representative.

5.3.3 Supply lines from the manifold to the individual transmission lines are to be equipped with shut off valves at the manifold. Supply lines shall be colored coded with a banding scheme directed by the COP representative and shall have a minimum of one band at the manifold and one band at the supplied transmission line near the radio.

5.3.4 Pressure lines are to be connected to the pressure distribution manifold from a different waveguide runs and not daisy-chained at co-located waveguide runs with a single pressure line back to the dehydrator.

5.3.5 Elliptical waveguide connectors are equipped with one air fitting. The size of pressure lines is not critical, so 3/8-inch tubing should be used, though 1/4-inch tubing is allowed. A shut off valve is to be provided at the pressure switch before the fitting/gauge which is extended to the elliptical waveguide connector.

5.3.6 Plastic tubing is to be used on all new installations in the City of Phoenix. Plastic tubing comes in flexible and semi-rigid types. UV resistant tubing is also available for the rare occasions where airlines need to be run outdoors. The type used is to be specified by the COP representative.

5.3.7 Push on connectors are available for the flexible tubing, and compression connectors are available for the semi-rigid tubing. The proper size and type of connectors are to be used in all installations.