SECTION 09900

PAINTING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Painting and finishing of exposed exterior items and surfaces.

2. Painting and finishing of exposed interior items and surfaces.

B. Section does not include:

1. Factory finishing of manufactured products.

2. Painting of concealed surfaces, unless specifically indicated.

3. Prefinished metal surfaces.

4. Moving parts of equipment.

1.02 DEFINITIONS

A. DFM (dry film mils): Thickness, measured in mils, of a coat of paint in the cured state.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Manufacturer's technical data sheets for each coating.

1. Material analysis including vehicle type and percentage by weight and by volume of vehicle, resin, and pigment.

2. Application instructions including mixing, surface preparation, compatible primers and topcoats, recommended wet and dry film thickness, recommended application methods.

B. Color and Texture Samples:

1. Provide for each coating system, color, and texture and applied to representative substrate samples.

a. Prepare samples to show bare, prepared surface and each successive coat.

b. Label each sample with coating name and color.

2. Miscellaneous substrates: 12-by-12-inch hardboard.

3. Concrete: 8-inch square samples.

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Materials:

1. All coating materials required by this section shall be provided by a single manufacturer, unless otherwise required or approved.

B. Applicator: Firm with not less than 3 years of successful experience in painting work similar in scope to work of this project.

1. Maintain throughout duration of the work a crew of painters who are fully qualified to satisfy requirements of the specifications.

1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Delivery: Deliver materials in manufacturer's original containers bearing coating name and color, material composition data, date of manufacture, legal notices if applicable, and mixing, thinning, and application instructions.

B. Storage:

1. Store materials in an orderly fashion and in clean, well-closed containers with labels intact.

2. Maintain above 40 degrees F. Do not allow materials to freeze.

1.06 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Apply coatings only under the following environmental conditions:

1. Air and surface temperatures are between 50 and 100 degrees F, unless otherwise recommended by manufacturer.

2. Surface temperature is at least 5 degrees F above dew point.

3. Relative humidity is less than 85 percent.

B. Do not apply coatings during inclement weather except within enclosed, conditioned spaces.

1. Provide temporary lighting to achieve a well-lit surface with a level of at least 80 footcandles measured mid-height.

2. Provide continuous ventilation and heating to prevent accumulation of hazardous fumes and to maintain surface and ambient temperatures above 45 degrees F for 24 hours before, during, and for 48 hours after application of finishes, or longer if required to obtain fuel cure as indicated by manufacturer's instructions.

1.07 COORDINATION

A. General: Perform work in proper sequence with work of other trades to avoid damage to finished work.

B. Coordination: Where special coatings will be applied over shop coatings specified in other sections, coordinate work of such other sections to ensure that only approved, compatible primers are applied.

1. Furnish the architect with product data on both coatings demonstrating coating compatibility.

1.08 MAINTENANCE STOCK

A. At time of completing application, deliver stock of maintenance material to the owner.

Furnish not less than one properly labeled and sealed 1-gallon can of each type of finish coat of each color, taken from lots furnished for the work.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MANUFACTURERS

A. The brand-name products listed in the schedule at the end of this section and made by the following manufacturer are the basis of the contract documents:

1. Benjamin Moore & Company.

B. Provide the products listed per the Interior Specifications.

2.02 PRODUCTS

A. Colors:

1. For multicoat systems, apply each coat using a successively darker tint or shade, unless approved otherwise.

2. Top coat colors: As shown on drawings.

B. Lead Content:

1. Not more than 0.06 percent lead by weight (calculated as lead metal) in the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the equivalent measure of lead in the dried film.

2. Exception: Where permitted by applicable regulations.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 INSPECTION

A. Verify that surfaces and conditions are ready for work in accordance with coating manufacturer's recommendations.

B. Prior to commencement of work, examine surfaces scheduled to be finished.

1. Report any unsatisfactory conditions in writing.

2. Do not apply coatings to unsatisfactory substrates.

3. Beginning painting work on an area will be deemed construed acceptance of surfaces in that area.

3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Apply coatings to surfaces that are clean and properly prepared in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and as herein specified. Remove dirt, dust, grease, oils, and foreign matter. Prepare surface for proper texture necessary to optimum coating adhesion and intended finished appearance. Plan cleaning, preparation, and coating operations to avoid contamination of freshly coated surfaces.

1. Do not apply coatings to labels that identify equipment, fire-resistance ratings, etc.

2. Remove hardware, cover plates, and similar items before applying coatings.

3. Provide protection for non-removable items not scheduled for coating. After application of coatings, install removed items. Use only skilled workmen for removal and replacement of such items.

4. Protect surfaces not scheduled for coating. Clean, repair, or replace to the satisfaction of the architect any surfaces inadvertently spattered or coated.

B. Concrete:

1. Apply coatings to fully cured surfaces that are at least 28 days old.

2. Perform any required surface repairs before applying coatings. Remove any fins or protrusions from surface. Patch any holes and cracks in an approved manner.

3. Clean surface of all dirt, oil, wax, grease, or other contaminants before preparing surface profile. Use appropriate detergents and pressurized hot water. Thoroughly flush cleaning agents from surface.

4. Surface profile, horizontal surfaces: Acid etch or brush-off blast to remove laitance and to prepare surface profile. New surfaces that have been cured using membrane forming curing compounds shall be prepared by brush-off blast method.

5. Acid etching: Prepare surface profile by uniformly etching surface to a texture, to touch, of 100 grit sandpaper; do not over-etch surface. After etching, surface shall be free from surface glaze, laitance, salts, loosely adhering material, etching solutions, and foreign material of any kind.

a. After detergent cleaning and while floor is in a saturated but surface dry condition, apply acid solution (1 part 20 degree Baume muriatic acid to 2 to 4 parts potable water) using low pressure spray equipment.

b. When bubbling action begins to subside, remove salt formations, loose material, and spent solution by scrubbing with stiff bristle broom and flushing with water under moderate pressure. Repeat rinsing operation until pH test papers yield a pH of 7 or higher on the surface.

6. Brush-off blast cleaning: Prepare surface profile and remove laitance and solid contaminants from surface by abrasive blast cleaning. After blast cleaning, surface shall be free from curing compounds, surface glaze, laitance, salts, loosely adhering material, and foreign material of any kind.

a. Perform blasting operation so as to open any surface voids, bugholes, etc., and to remove curing compounds, surface glaze, laitance, salts, loosely adhering material, and foreign material of any kind, but without exposing underlying aggregate or fracturing aggregate surfaces.

b. Use only dry, oil-free air and clean media, unless other blast cleaning methods are approved.

c. After blast cleaning, completely remove dust and loose particles by vacuuming; brushing or blowing will not be permitted.

d. Patch surface voids, bugholes, etc., in an approved manner, and allow to cure before applying coatings.

7. Allow substrate to dry thoroughly. Test for moisture in accordance with coating manufacturer's recommendations before applying coatings.

C. Gypsum Board:

1. Latex-fill minor defects.

2. Spot-prime defects after repair.

D. Mildew:

1. Remove mildew by scrubbing with solution of trisodium phosphate and bleach.

2. Rinse with clean water and allow surface to dry.

3.03 MIXING AND THINNING

A. Remove and discard any skin formed on surface of coatings in containers. Discard any containers where skin comprises 2 percent or more of the remaining material. Do not add thinner except as specifically recommended (not merely permitted) by the coating manufacturer for proper coating application under the circumstances prevailing at the project site when application equipment recommended by the coating manufacturer is employed. Use only the quantities and the types of thinner recommended.

B. Mix materials using mechanical mixers in accordance with coating manufacturer's instructions. Agitate mixed materials during application if recommended by manufacturer.

C. Combine multi-component paints in quantities needed for use within the manufacturer's recommended pot life at the anticipated application temperatures. Discard remaining mixed material after pot life has expired.

D. Strain pigmented coatings after mixing except where mechanical application equipment is provided with effective strainers.

E. Tinting: Except where coating materials cannot be tinted, tint each successive coat of paint a sufficiently contrasting color to facilitate identification of complete coating coverage.

3.04 APPLICATION

A. General:

1. Apply coatings in accordance with coating manufacturer's instructions and using application method best suited for obtaining full, uniform coverage of surfaces to be coated.

2. Employ only application equipment that is clean, properly adjusted, in good working order, and of the type recommended by the coating manufacturer.

3. Apply each coat to achieve the dry film thickness per coat recommended by the coating manufacturer. Application rates in excess of those recommended and fewer numbers of coats than specified will not be accepted.

4. Completed coatings shall be free of defects such as runs, sags, variations in color, lap or brush marks, holidays, and skips.

5. Apply coatings according to the schedule at the end of this section and as otherwise indicated. Coat all similar surfaces not specifically mentioned unless specifically exempted. Ensure that all surfaces receive a dry film thickness equivalent to those of flat surfaces.

6. Coat front and back of miscellaneous items such as covers, access panels, and grilles. Apply fully finish coats behind movable items of furniture and equipment before installation. Apply prime coat only behind non-movable items of furniture and equipment before installation.

7. Sand gloss coats before applying subsequent coatings.

B. Remove coatings not in compliance with this specification, reclean and re-prepare surfaces as specified, and apply coatings to comply with the contract documents.

C. Scheduling:

1. Apply first coat of material to properly prepared surfaces without delay.

a. Apply successive coats within the time limits recommended by the manufacturer.

3.05 PRIME COATS

A. General:

1. Field apply bottom coats scheduled except where the contract documents require shop coating of ferrous metals.

2. Where first coat shows signs of suction spots or poorly sealed areas, reapply first coat material to adequately seal surface before proceeding with successive coats.

3.06 FINISH COATS

A. Number of Coats and Minimum Coating Thickness:

1. Apply not less than the number of coats indicated.

2. Apply each coat to achieve not less than the dry film thicknesses indicated per coat.

3. Apply additional coats at no additional cost to the owner when necessary to achieve complete hiding, uniform texture, or uniform sheen and appearance.

3.07 CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Cleaning:

1. Clean work area on a daily basis; dispose of spent materials and empty containers. If requested, turn over the architect all empty coatings containers used during the course of each day.

2. Remove all trace of coatings from adjacent surfaces not scheduled to be coated. Remove by appropriate methods that do not damage surfaces.

B. Protection:

1. Protect work against damage until fully cured. Provide signs identifying wet surfaces until surfaces are adequately cured.

2. Shortly before final completion of the project, examine surfaces for damage to coatings and restore coatings to new, undamaged condition.

3. Touch-up of minor damage will be acceptable where result is not visibly different from surrounding surfaces. Where result is different either in color, sheen, or texture, recoat entire surface.

END OF SECTION

SECTION 09910

PROTECTIVE COATING

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. Work under this Section shall include all labor, parts, materials and equipment necessary to furnish and install all painting and finish systems as specified herein and shown on the Drawings. This section shall apply to all buildings and all exposed interior and exterior materials and piping.

1.02 REFERENCES

A. ASTM D16 – Definitions of Terms Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products.

B. AWWA C204 – Chlorinated Rubber-Alkyd Paint Systems for the Exterior of Above Ground Steel Water Piping.

C. AWWA D102 – Painting Steel Water Storage Tanks.

D. NACE – National Association of Corrosion Engineers-Industrial Maintenance Painting.

E. NPCA – National Paint and Coatings Association-Guide to U.S. Government Painting Specifications

F. NSF 61 – Drinking Water System Components-Health Effects.

G. PDCA – Painting and Decorating Contractors of America-Painting-Architectural Specifications Manual.

H. SSPC - Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications.

I. ICRI - International Concrete Repair Institute.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data

1. Complete listing of all materials to be used including generic type, surface preparation requirements and recommended application techniques. Include material safety data sheets.

B. Color Samples

1. Furnish color chips for color selection by Owner. Selections by Owner may exceed manufacturer’s standard range of colors.

C. Field Samples

1. Furnish representative samples of color and finish texture of each paint type.

D. Manufacturer’s Instructions

1. Indicate special surface preparation procedures, substrate conditions requiring special attention.

E. Painting Schedule

1. Identify all surfaces to be painted.

2. Identify surface preparation to be used.

3. Identify type of primer coating, film thickness, shop or field applied.

4. Identify type of final coating, film thickness, shop or field applied.

1.04 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. All materials delivered to the job site shall be in original sealed and labeled containers of the paint manufacturer. Labels and directions shall be legible. Store materials in dry location, designated by Engineer, kept within temperature limits set by manufacturer.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MANUFACTURERS

A. Acceptable Manufacturers

1. Tnemec Company.

2. Sherwin Williams.

3. Engineer Approved Equal.

B. Coating thicknesses stated are the minimum acceptable Dry Film Thickness (DFT) for the reference product.

2.02 METAL SURFACES

A. All structural and miscellaneous steel surfaces, exterior, non-immersion, except galvanized and stainless steel. This includes, but is not limited to the following; doors and frames, steel handrails, pumps, motors, and other process equipment, etc. This excludes metal wall panels, which shall be supplied with finish coatings.

1. System: Epoxy/Polyurethane.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Intermediate Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 73 2.0 – 5.0 mils Total 7.0 – 15.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Intermediate SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Acrolon 218 3.0 – 6.0 mils Total 13.0 – 26.0 mils

4. Color: To be selected by Owner.

B. All steel surfaces, interior or exterior, immersion, except galvanized and stainless steel.

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series N140 3.0 – 5.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series N140 4.0 – 6.0 mils Total 7.0 – 11.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: Light blue prime. White finish.

2.03 PIPING

A. All interior ductile iron piping, non-immersion.

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 66 4.0 – 6.0 mils Total 7.0 – 11.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: Per process color identification requirements.

B. All interior ductile iron piping, immersion.

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series N140 4.0 – 6.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series N140 4.0 – 6.0 mils Total 8.0 – 12.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: Per process color identification requirements.

C. All exterior ductile iron piping, non-immersion.

1. System: Epoxy/Polyurethane.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Intermediate Tnemec Series 66 4.0 – 6.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 73 2.0 – 5.0 mils Total 9.0 – 16.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Intermediate SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Acrolon 218 3.0 – 6.0 mils Total 13.0 – 26.0 mils

4. Color: Per process color identification requirements.

D. All interior plastic, PVC, and copper piping (note – process-related interior plastic and PVC piping not to be coated)

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Total 6.0 – 10.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: Per process color identification requirements.

E. All exterior plastic, PVC, and copper piping, non-immersion

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Intermed. Coat Tnemec Series 66 3.0 – 5.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 73 2.0 – 5.0 mils Total 8.0 – 15.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Intermed. Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Acrolon 218 3.0 – 6.0 mils Total 13.0 – 26.0 mils

4. Color: Per process color identification requirements.

F. All exterior plastic and PVC, immersion

1. System: Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer.

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series N140 4.0 – 6.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series N140 4.0 – 6.0 mils Total 8.0 – 12.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 PW 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: Black.

2.04 CONCRETE AND MASONRY SURFACES

A. All interior concrete and masonry block wall surfaces (except all floors throughout the building and the tops and surfaces on the insides of treatment basins):

1. System: Block filler and Epoxy.

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer

3. Coatings:

Prime Coat Tnemec Series 130 60 – 80 sf/gal

Intermediate Tnemec Series 66 4.0 – 6.0 mils Finish Coat Tnemec Series 66 4.0 – 6.0 mils Total 8.0 – 12.0 mils

OR

Prime Coat SW Cement Plex 875 50 – 100.0 sf/gal Intermediate SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Finish Coat SW Macropoxy 646 5.0 – 10.0 mils Total 10.0 – 20.0 mils

4. Color: To be selected by Owner.

B. All smooth finished interior concrete floors that will not be otherwise covered or treated shall be sealed. The tops of the concrete treatment basins shall be sealed. Floor finish requirements are specified on the project drawings.

1. System: Concrete Sealer

2. Surface Preparation: Per representative manufacturer

Finish Coat Tnemec Series 629 300 – 350 sf/gal

OR

Finish Coat SW H&C Concrete Stain 100 – 125 sf/gal

3. Color: Transparent

2.05 PIPE MARKING SYSTEM

A. Required on any rigid potable / non-potable waterlines.

1. Type - Paint conforming to the various sections above or pressure-sensitive tape equal to VX Company or Seton Nameplate Corporation.

2. Information required - Director of flow and name of fluid.

3. Marking requirements.

4. Color requirements.

2.06 IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING AND PROCESS SYSTEMS

A. Scope of Work. Work under this Section covers installation of piping marking systems for permanent piping and appurtenances. Piping systems include conduits for the transport of gases, liquids, semi-liquids, and their component parts, including valves, sluice gates and slide gates and any control devise, which is an operational component of the system.

B. Reference Standards. Standards listed hereunder and referenced elsewhere in these Specifications shall become a part of this specification and are incorporated herein by reference. The latest edition, amendment or supplement thereto in effect 30 days before date of invitation shall apply.

1. ANSI A13.1 Scheme for Identification of Piping Systems.

2. ANSI Z53.1 Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards.

C. Submittals

1. Product Data: Submit catalog data or brochures on manufactured items specified and proposed for use.

2. Certificates of Compliance: Furnish certification that standards specified herein are met.

3. Samples: Furnish physical examples to illustrate materials, equipment or workmanship.

D. Materials

1. General. Content of piping systems shall be identified according to base color of pipe (where required) supplemented by completely encircling solid color bands at least 9 inches in length (longer when necessary to accommodate full identification labels and two-inch end borders), applied to pipe or pipe covering. Stencils or labels may be used.

2. Lettering. Paint, stencil, or use identification labels. Letter size as follows:

Outside Diameter of Pipe of Covering (Inch) Minimum Height of Letters

(Inch) 5/8 or smaller Metal Tags 1/4 3/4 through 4 3/4 5 or larger 2

3. Identification Labels. Identification labels shall be Brady "Quik-Labels" (mastic back) as manufactured by the W. H. Brady Company or equal.

4. Metal Tags

a. Aluminum or stainless steel, stamped in identifying letters.

b. Provide on pipe 5/8 inch or smaller (including cover) outside diameter.

c. Color code as specified.

5. Color Classification (General)

a. Green or Blue: Identifying color or non-hazardous media causing no danger to person or property.

b. Yellow: Identifying color for materials hazardous to life or property by virtue of being explosive, flammable, or productive or poisonous gases or in themselves poisonous, corrosive or hazardous due to their physical state.

Orange: Identifying color where electrical currents in excess of 120 volts occur.

6. Pipe Identification.

a. Color Band and Legend Dimensions:

Outside Diameter of Pipe Or Pipe Covering

Width of Color Band

Size of Legend

¾” to 1¼” 8” ½” 1½” to 2” 8” ¾” 2½” to 6” 12” 1¼” 8” to 10” 24” 2½” Over 10” 32” 3½”

7. Legend Information: Include the name of the fluid, and an arrow indicating direction of flow. Where pipes are too small for an application of bands or legends, install stainless steel identification tags at the specified locations.

2.07 COLOR AND IDENTIFICATION

*NOT

E - Lemo n yellow, orange and green colors shall conform to ANSI Z53.1.

Media Base Color Band Color Letter Color Legend

Ductile Iron Process Piping (to be coated) Raw or Recycle Olive Green White Black “Raw” or “Recycle” Membrane Feed or Filtrate

Aqua White Black “Membrane Feed” or “Filtrate”

Finished or Potable Dark Blue Vista Green White “Finished” or “Potable H2O”

Backwash Waste Light Brown White White “BW Waste” Overflows Dark Gray Lemon White “Overflow”

PVC Piping and Chemical Tubing (not to be coated)

Caustic none Yellow Red “Caustic” Hypochlorite none Yellow Black “CL2 Sol’n” Potassium Permanganate none Violet White “KMnO4”

Citric Acid none Yellow Red “Citric Acid” Hydrochloric Acid none Yellow Red “HCl” Sodium Bisulfite none Yellow Red “Bisulfite” Sample Water none White Black “Non-Pot. Sample” CIP Solution none Red White “CIP Return” or

“CIP Feed/Drain” or “CIP to Tank” or “CIP to Skid” “CIP Neutralization”

Reverse Filtration none Green White “RF to CIP” “RF to/from Valve Rack”

Other Sanitary Sewer Dark Gray Lemon White SAN Drain Dark Gray Lemon White Drain

Natural Gas Red Black NG Compressed Air – High Pressure

Light Green Black Air-HP

Compressed Air - Low Pressure

Light Green Black Air-LP

Electric (over 120V) Bright Orange

Black Voltage (list amount)

Control Black Black Control Refrigerant Yellow Blue Black Refrigerant Vent Light Gray Black Other Lines Light Gray Black

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. It is the intent of this specification to give the general coating requirements for different substrates and service conditions. Where multiple products could be used in the same general vicinity, such as a clearwell where some steel is immersed and some is exposed, the more stringent requirement shall prevail and the associated coating shall be used for the entire assembly. In the clearwell example, all immersed and exposed parts shall be coated with the product for the more stringent service application.

B. Application. Apply base color to entire run of piping. Prior to application of bands and legend, verify suitability of proposed locations with Engineer as described hereafter.

Protect painted legends from damage and concealment by foreign matter throughout the construction period. Verify total visibility of legends prior to final acceptance.

C. Pipe Identification. Identify straight lines of pipe at intervals of approximately 20 feet.

Piping shall also be identified at a point approximately two feet from all turns, valves and upstream side of distributional fittings or branches. Branch take-offs from horizontal runs to outlet cocks or valves less than 10 feet in length need not be identified if in the same room. The lettered label, besides identifying the materials, shall indicate unusual qualities of the pipe contents, such as hot (85ºF or higher) or high pressure (above 30 psig). On service piping, either liquid or gas, apply black arrows of same height and with same background color as adjacent identification labels to indicate direction of flow.

Legends shall be located so a person standing at ground level may read them.

D. Shop Coatings. Verify compatibility of any shop coatings with finish field coatings and these Specifications. Provide barrier coats as required.

E. Surface Preparation. Inspect all surfaces to be painted and perform such surface preparation as is normally required by good painting practice and as specified herein.

Should any surface be found unsatisfactory to produce a proper finish, the Engineer shall be notified in writing and no material shall be applied until the unsuitable surfaces have been made satisfactory. Surface preparation shall be approved prior to any paint application.

F. Material Preparation. Materials shall be mixed, thinned and applied in strict accordance with the manufacturer's printed instructions. No exceptions will be allowed without written explanation from manufacturer and prior approval by Engineer.

G. Application. Coatings shall be applied during good painting weather. Air and surface temperatures shall be within limits prescribed by the manufacturer for the coating being applied, and work areas shall be reasonably free of airborne dust at the time of application and while the coating is drying.

H. Allow each coat to dry thoroughly before applying the next coat. Dry time shall be as recommended by manufacturer with no exceptions.

I. All work shall be cut neatly and finish coats shall be uniform in color and texture without streaks, laps, heavy build-ups, runs, sags or missed areas. Intermediate coats shall be shaded sufficiently to allow visual inspection of adequacy of coverage. Each coat shall be approved prior to application of subsequent coats.

J. Excess Materials. All paint materials, opened, but unused, shall remain the property of the Owner for use in maintenance and touch-up.

K. Contract shall protect all work to eliminate product overspray and drift.

3.02 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Contractor shall complete and sign daily field reports documenting field conditions, work areas and materials applied. Contractor shall complete Form 9900-A (or other approved form) on a daily basis and submit record copies on a weekly basis to Engineer.

B. Surface Preparation. Receive approval before paint application.

C. Finish. Receive approval on all coats prior to additional coating applications.

D. Contractor to document and submit wet mil thickness for all applications.

FORM 9900-A. DAILY FIELD COATING REPORT

Date Supervisor Application personnel Equipment

Weather (atmospheric) daily high daily low temp @ start temp @ finish % rel. humidity dew point

Work Area 1 location substrate surface prep product applied work area daily high daily low temp @ start temp @ finish % rel. humidity dew point work area protective measures (to protect work)

Notes:

Work Area 2 location substrate surface prep product applied work area daily high daily low temp @ start temp @ finish % rel. humidity dew point work area protective measures (to protect work)

Notes:

Signature

SECTION 09950

DISINFECTION OF POTABLE WATER FACILITIES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This standard covers preparations, materials, disinfectant application procedures and microbiological sampling/testing procedures for the disinfection of water treatment units and piping. The interior of all new, modified, repaired, cleaned, inspected, or otherwise potentially-contaminated elements that store or convey potable water shall be disinfected before being placed in service. Potable water is defined as all points after filtration or the first point of disinfectant application if disinfectant is applied upstream of the filters.

For this project, at a minimum, the treatment process segments to be disinfected are:

All piping, pumps and basins downstream of membrane filtration units, including filtrate lines, clearwells, finished water pumps, finished water pump station piping and the two transmission lines leaving the plant.

1.02 REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In the latest current edition, each forms a part of this standard where and to the extent specified herein. In case of any conflict, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.

AWWA B100, “Standard for Granular Filter Media”

AWWA B300, "Standard for Hypochlorites"

AWWA B301, "Standard for Liquid Chlorine"

AWWA B303, "Standard for Sodium Chlorite"

AWWA C651, “Standard for Disinfection of Water Mains”

AWWA C652, "Standard for Disinfection of Water Storage Facilities"

AWWA C653,”Standard for Disinfection of Water Treatment Plants”

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHAa, AWWA and WPCF.b aAmerican Public Health Association, 1015 8th St. N.W., Washington, D.C.

bWater Pollution Control Federation, 2626 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037

2.01 MATERIALS FOR DISINFECTANT CHLORINE SOLUTIONS.

The forms of chlorine that may be used in the disinfecting operations are liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite solution, and calcium hypochlorite granules or tablets.

A. Liquid Chlorine. Liquid chlorine contains 100% available chlorine. Liquid chlorine shall be used only: (1) in combination with appropriate gas-flow chlorinators and injectors to provide a solution feed of controlled concentration to the water to being chlorinated, (2) under the direct supervision of a person familiar with chlorine’s physiological, chemical, and physical properties, and who is trained and equipped to handle any emergency that may arise, and (3) when appropriate safety practices are observed to protect working personnel and the public.

B. Sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is available in liquid form in glass, rubber-lined, or plastic containers typically ranging in size from 1 pint to 5 gallons; containers of 30-gallon or larger size may be available in some areas. Sodium hypochlorite contains approximately from 5% to 15% available chlorine, when purchased. The strength of the sodium hypochlorite solution will deteriorate, and chlorate will be formed over time. The rate of deterioration is strongly affected by storage conditions.

C. Calcium hypochlorite. Calcium hypochlorite is available in granular form or in small tablets, and contains approximately 65% available chlorine by weight. The material should be stored in a cool, dry and dark environment to minimize its deterioration. The precautions listed on the container should be carefully noted.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

All structures and equipment that will be in contact with potable water under normal operating conditions, including any treatment units and piping temporarily taken out of service for inspection, maintenance, repair, or any other activity that might lead to contamination, shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected prior to being placed in service. Cleaning agents used shall not contain hazardous substances or deleterious compounds that would cause a violation of water quality health-effects standards if subsequently introduced into the water supply during disinfection and filling operations.

All scaffolding, planks, tools, rags, and any other material not part of the structural or operating facilities of the treatment unit shall be removed. Once the materials are removed, the surfaces of the walls, floors, and attached structures shall be thoroughly cleaned with a high-pressure water jet, or by sweeping, scrubbing, or other equally effective means. All water, paint flakes, sediment, dirt, and foreign material accumulated during this cleaning operation shall be discharged, vacuumed, or otherwise removed from the unit.

Following the cleaning operation, the vent screen, overflow screen, and any other screened openings shall be checked and put in satisfactory condition to prevent birds, insects, and other possible contaminants from entering the facility. Any material to be within the storage facility that could not feasibly be present during the cleaning process shall be separately cleaned and placed in a manner that minimizes the introduction of dirt or other foreign material.

3.02 POTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS AND STRUCTURES

Potable water storage tanks and structures shall be disinfected in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C652, latest version. Typically, only one method will be used for a given storage facility disinfection, but combinations of the methods may be used. The three methods are: [1] chlorination of the full storage facility such that at the end of the appropriate retention period the water will have a free chlorine residual of not less than 10 mg/l, [2] spraying or painting of all storage facility water contact surfaces with a solution of 200 mg/l available chlorine, and [3] chlorination of full storage facility with water having a free chlorine residual of 2 mg/l after 24 hours.

A. Chlorination Method 1. The water storage facility shall be filled to the overflow level with potable water to which enough chlorine is added to provide a free chlorine residual in the full facility of not less than 10 mg/l at the end of the appropriate period of 6 hours or 24 hours as described in D of this section. The chlorine, either as calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, or liquid chlorine, shall be introduced into the water as described hereafter.

1. When a chemical feed pump is used, the concentrate chlorine solution shall be pumped through an appropriate solution tube to inject the high concentration in the filling water. The solution tube shall be inserted through an appropriate valve located on the inlet pipe and near the storage facility, or through an appropriate valve located on the storage facility, or through an appropriate valve located on the storage facility such that the chlorine solution will mix readily with the filling water.

2. When chlorine solution is poured directly into the storage facility, the filling of the storage facility shall begin immediately thereafter or as soon as and removed covers can be closed. The chlorine solution may only be added when the water depth within the structure is between one and three feet.

3. After the storage facility has been filled with the disinfecting water, it shall stand for a period of not less than 24 hours when the storage facility has been filled with water which has mixed with sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite within the storage facility as described in this Section.

4. After the retention period of Paragraph A, the free chlorine residual in the storage facility shall be reduced to a concentration appropriate for distribution (not more than 2 mg/l) by completely draining the storage facility and refilling with potable water, or by a combination of additional holding time and blending with potable water having a low chlorine concentration. Then, subject and acceptable aesthetic quality, such water may be served to the distribution system.

5. If the chlorinated water is to be disposed, then the environment to which it will be discharged shall be inspected. If there is any question that the chlorinated discharge will cause damage to the environment, then a reducing agent shall be applied to the water to be wasted to neutralize thoroughly the chlorine residual remaining in the water. Federal, state or local environment regulations may require special provisions or permits prior to disposal of highly chlorinated water.

B. Chlorination Method 2. A solution of 200 mg/l available chlorine shall be applied directly to the surfaces of all parts of the storage facility, which would be in contact with water when the storage facility is full to the overflow elevation.

1. The chlorine solution may be applied with suitable brushes or spray equipment.

The solution shall thoroughly coat all surfaces to be treated, including the underside of the roof, inlet and outlet piping, and shall be applied to any separate drain piping such that it will have available chlorine of not less than 10 mg/l when filled with water. Overflow piping need to be disinfected.

2. The surfaces disinfected shall remain in contact with the strong chlorine solution for at least 30 minutes after which potable water shall be admitted, the drain piping shall be purged of the 10 mg/l chlorinated water, and the storage facility shall then be filled to its overflow level. Then, subject to satisfactory biological testing and acceptable aesthetic quality, such water may be served to the distribution system.

3.03 WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

A. General

Water treatment plants shall be disinfected in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C653, latest edition.

B. Plant Piping

1. All plant piping shall be disinfected using one of three alternative methods described in ANSI/AWWA C651, latest version, including application methods, chlorine solutions strengths, retention times, disposal of highly chlorinated water, and bacteriological sampling and testing.

2. Flush and disinfect potable water lines in accordance with the procedure set forth in AWWA C651, Disinfecting Water Mains, latest edition. The Contractor shall provide all temporary blow-offs, pumps, chlorination equipment, chlorine and all other necessary apparatus required.

a. Flush pipeline prior to disinfection, except when the tablet method is used, to remove all remaining foreign material. The flushing operation shall develop a minimum velocity of 2.5 ft./sec.

b. Contractor shall perform pressure test on piping in accordance with Specification Section 15051 Plant Piping prior to disinfecting pipe in accordance with the procedures specified herein

3. If any pipe contains dirt or heavy encrusted matter that, in the opinion of the Engineer, will not be removed during the flushing operation, the Contractor shall clean and swab the interior of the pipe with a five percent (50,000 ppm) chlorine solution.

4. In general, chlorine shall be applied using the continuous feed method.

However, on large diameter lines where this would not be practical, the slug method may be used. The tablet method may be used on short extensions (up to 2500 feet) of small diameter mains (12 inches and smaller).

a. Continuous Feed Method. Introduce water into the line at a constant rate while adding chlorine at a minimum concentration of 50 mg/l. Maintain the chlorinated water in the pipeline for a minimum of 24 hours after which period the treated water shall contain no less than 10 mg/l of chlorine throughout the entire length.

b. Slug Method. Introduce water with a minimum chlorine concentration of 100 mg/l at a constant measured rate into the pipeline. Apply column or slug of chlorinated water that will, as it passes along the line, expose all interior surfaces for a period of three hours. Check the application at the upstream end of the line.

c. Tablet Method. This method shall not be used if trench water or foreign material has entered the line or if the water is below 5ºC (41ºF). Because preliminary flushing cannot be used, this method shall only be used when scrupulous cleanliness has been exercised.

Place tablets in each section of pipe in sufficient number to produce a dose of 25 mg/l. Refer to Table 2 of AWWA C651, latest edition, for the required minimum number of tablets. All tablets within the main must be attached at the top of the pipe. Introduce water into the pipeline at a rate no greater than 1 ft./sec. and retain the water in the pipeline for a period of 24 hours after which period the treated water shall show detectable chlorine residual at each sampling point.

5. After the applicable retention period, heavy chlorinated water should not remain in prolonged contact with pipe. In order to prevent damage to the pipe lining or to prevent corrosion damage to the pipe itself, the heavily chlorinated water shall be flushed from the main fittings, valves, and branches until chlorine measurements show that the concentration in the water leaving the main is no higher than that generally prevailing in the distribution system or that is acceptable for domestic use.

C. Tanks and Clearwells

All storage tanks, clearwells, and similar receptacles shall be disinfected using one of the methods described in ANSI/AWWA C652. See section 3.02 above.

D. Filters

This section describes disinfection of filter basins and gravel, silica sand, anthracite, and other mixed media materials except granular activated carbon (GAC). GAC cannot feasibly be disinfected in the field. Therefore, when GAC is to be part of the filter media, special care shall be used to protect the GAC from contamination; all other media shall be placed in the filter basin and disinfected prior to placement of the GAC.

1. Before any filter material is placed, the filter basin itself shall be thoroughly cleaned.

2. After the filter basin has been cleaned, the filter media shall be placed in the basin in accordance with ANSI/AWWA B100, using all reasonable precautions to maintain cleanliness. Following placement, the filter media shall be backwashed and prepared for service in accordance with ANSI/AWWA B100.

3. After all other work is completed, and before the filter is placed in service, the entire filter basin up to the maximum water level shall be disinfected by one of the following methods.

4. Sufficient chlorine shall be injected into the backwash water to produce a free chlorine residual of at least 25 mg/L throughout the filter. The chlorinated water shall be allowed to stand in the filter for at least 12 hr. At the end of the 12-hr contact time, the chlorinated water shall be tested to determine the amount of free chlorine residual. If the free residual is less than 15 mg/L, the chlorination process should be repeated. Sufficient tests should be made both from the top and bottom of the unit (and at intermediate points if feasible) to ensure that the residual readings measure the lowest chlorine level existing in the unit at the end of the 12-hr period. If satisfactory chlorine residuals are obtained after the chlorine retention period, the filter shall be run to waste or backwashed thoroughly to remove the highly chlorinated water.

5. Alternative procedure. Sufficient chlorine shall be continuously injected into the filter influent water while filtering to waste to produce a free residual of at least 25 mg/L. When water with at least a 25 mg/L free residual chlorine concentration reaches the filter-to-waste, the flow of water shall be stopped, and the filter shall be held full of the chlorinated water for a period of not less than 12 hr. At the end of the 12-hr contact time, the chlorinated water shall be tested to determine the free residual. If the free residual is less than 15 mg/L, the chlorination process shall be repeated. Sufficient tests should be made both from the top and bottom of the unit (and at intermediate points if feasible) to ensure that the residual readings measure the lowest chlorine level existing in the unit at the end of the 12-hr period. After the chlorine retention period, if satisfactory chlorine residuals are obtained, the filter shall be run to waste or backwashed thoroughly to remove the highly chlorinated water.

3.04 CHLORINATED DISCHARGE

If there is any question that the chlorinated discharge will cause damage to the environment, then a reducing agent shall be applied to the water to be wasted to thoroughly neutralize any remaining residual chlorine. Federal, state or local environment regulations may require special provisions or permits prior to disposal of highly chlorinated water.

3.05 VERIFICATION

A. Bacteriological Sampling

After the chlorination procedure is completed, and before the treatment unit of facility is placed in service, two or more samples shall be taken from the unit or facility not less than 30 min apart and shall be tested for the presence of coliform in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

1. If none of the samples indicate the presence of coliform, the unit or facility shall be place in service.

2. If either sample tests positive for the presence of coliform then do one of the following action shall be taken:

a. Take repeat samples at least 24 hr apart until consecutive samples do not show the presence of coliform.

b. Repeat disinfection procedures and resample.

3. The samples shall be taken from a sample tap or outlet piping of the storage facility. The operation shall be such as to assure that the sample collected is actually from water than has been in the storage facility.

4. During the disinfection operation and the required sampling of water from the treatment or storage unit, it is recommended that samples be taken from water inflowing to the storage facility to determine if Coliform is present in the typical potable water source.

5. Samples collected from containment structures shall also be evaluated to assure that no offensive odor exists due to chlorine reactions or excess chlorine residual (prior to placing into service).

B. Record of Compliance

The record of compliance shall be the report of bacteriological test results certifying that the water held in the affected portions of the treatment plant is free of coliform bacteria.

A copy of this shall be provided to the Owner, or his designated representative, prior to putting new facilities into operation.

APPENDIX A

TABLE A.1 - Chlorine Dosages

Amounts of Chemicals Required to Give Various Chlorine Concentrations in 100,000 Gallons of Water (378.5m3)

CHEMICAL REQUIRED

Desired Chlorine Concentration in Water

5% Available Chlorine

10% Available Chlorine

15% Available Chlorine

(mg/l) gal (L) gal (L) gal (L)

2 3.9 (14.7) 2.0 (7.6) 1.3 (4.9)

10 19.4 (73.4) 9.9 (37.5) 6.7 (25.4)

50 97.0 (367.2) 49.6 (187.8) 33.4 (126.4)

1. This table is for information only and is not part of AWWA C652

2. Amounts of sodium hypochlorite are based on concentrations of available chlorine by volume. For either sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite, extended or improper storage of chemicals may have caused a loss of available chlorine.

3. Amounts of Chemicals are for initial concentrations of available chlorine. Allowance may need to be made for chlorine depletion where low concentrations are held for extended time periods.

TABLE A.2 - Chlorine Dosages

Amounts of Chemicals Required for 200 mg/L Chlorine Concentration for Various Volumes of Water

CHEMICAL REQUIRED

Volume of Water 5%

Available Chlorine 10%

Available Chlorine 15%

Available Chlorine gal (L) gal (L) gal (L) gal (L)

10 (37.9) 0.04 (0.15) 0.02 (0.08) 0.02 (0.08)

50 (189.3) 0.1 (0.76) 0.10 (0.38) 0.07 (0.26)

100 (378.5) 0.2 (1.51) 0.20 (0.76) 0.15 (0.15)

200 (751.1) 0.4 (3.03) 0.40 (1.51) 0.30 (0.30)

1. This table is for information only and is not part of AWWA C652

2. Amounts of sodium hypochlorite are based on concentrations of available chlorine by volume. For either sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite, extended or improper storage of chemicals may have caused a loss of available chlorine.

3. Amounts of Chemicals are for initial concentrations of available chlorine. Allowance may need to be made for chlorine depletion where low concentrations are held for extended time periods.

TABLE A.3 - Disposal of Heavily Chlorinated Water

Amounts of Chemicals Required to Neutralize Various Residual Chlorine Concentrations in 100,000 Gallons of Water (378.5m3) of Water

CHEMICAL REQUIRED

Residual Chlorine Concentration

Sulfur Dioxide

(SO2)

Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3)

Sodium Sulfite (Na2SO3)

Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O35H2O) mg/l lb (kg) lb (kg) lb (kg) lb (kg)

1 0.8 (.36) 1.2 (.54) 1.4 (.64) 1.2 (.54)

2 1.7 (.77) 2.5 (1.13) 2.9 (1.32) 2.4 (1.09)

10 8.3 (3.76) 12.5 (5.67) 14.6 (6.62) 12.0 (5.44)

50 41.7 (18.91) 62.6 (28.39) 93.0 (33.11) 60.0 (27.22)

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