SPECIAL PROVISION for

SECTION 439 – PERVIOUS CONCTRETE, 6 in

439.1 General Description

This work includes constructing pavement composed of Portland cement concrete, with or without reinforcement as specified, on a prepared subgrade or subbase course.

Follow the requirements of these Specifications and conform with the lines, grades, thicknesses, and typical cross-sections shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer.

Add the following:

Pervious concrete, sometimes referred to as no-fines, gap-graded, permeable, or enhanced porosity concrete, is an innovative approach to controlling, managing, and treating stormwater runoff. When used in pavement applications, pervious concrete can effectively capture and store stormwater runoff, thereby allowing the runoff to percolate into the ground and recharge groundwater supplies.

Pervious concrete contains little or no fine aggregate (sand) and carefully controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials. The paste coats and binds the aggregate particles together to create a system of highly permeable, interconnected voids that promote the rapid drainage of water (Tennis et al. 2004; ACI 2010). Typically, between 15 and 25 percent voids are achieved in the hardened concrete, and flow rates for water through the pervious concrete are generally in the range of 2 to 18 gal/min/ft2 (81 to 730 L/min/m2), or 192 to 1,724 inch/hr (488 to 4,379 cm/hr) (ACI 2010). Figure 1 shows a typical cross section of a pervious concrete pavement.

Figure 1. Typical pervious concrete pavement cross section (adapted from ePA 2010).

Coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate is kept to a narrow gradation, with the most common gradings of coarse aggregate used in pervious concrete meeting the requirements of ASTM C33/C33M—aggregate sizes of 7, 8, 67, and

89. Coarse aggregate size 89 (top size 0.375 inch (9.5 mm)) has been used extensively for parking lot and pedestrian applications. Rounded and crushed aggregates, both normal and lightweight, have been used to make pervious concrete.

Water. The control of water is important in the development of pervious concrete mixtures, and the selection of an appropriate w/cm value is important for obtaining desired strength and void structure in the concrete. A high w/cm can result in the cement paste flowing off of aggregate and filling the void structure, whereas a low w/cm can result in mixing and placement difficulties and reduced durability. Commonly, w/cm values between 0.27 and 0.34 are used.

Admixtures. As with conventional concrete, chemical admixtures can be used in pervious concrete to obtain or enhance specific properties of the mixture. In particular, set retarders and hydration stabilizers are commonly used to help control the rapid setting associated with many pervious concrete mixtures. Air-entraining admixtures are required in freeze–thaw environments although no current method exists to quantify the amount of entrained air in the fresh paste. Air entrainment can be determined on hardened samples according to ASTM C457.

Mix proportioning for pervious concrete is based on striking a balance between voids, strength, paste content, and workability (ACI 2010). As such, the development of trial batches is essential to determining effective mix proportions using locally available materials. Detailed information on mix proportioning is available from ACI (2010).

Placement and consolidation. Most pervious concrete is placed using fixed-form construction. For smaller projects, a hand-held straightedge or vibrating screed may be acceptable for placement, whereas for larger projects an

A-frame, low-frequency, vibrating screed may be used. A few projects have used laser screeds and concrete slipform equipment. Consolidation is generally accomplished by rolling the concrete with a steel roller. Overall, the low water content and porous nature of pervious concrete require that delivery and placement be completed as quickly as possible.

Finishing. Pervious concrete pavements are not finished in the same manner as conventional pavements. In essence, the final surface finish is achieved as part of the consolidation process, which leaves an open surface. Normal concrete finishing procedures, such as with bull floats and trowels, should not be performed.

Jointing. Jointing is commonly done on pervious concrete to control random crack development. These joints are commonly formed (using a specially designed compacting roller-jointer) to a depth between one-fourth and one-third of the slab thickness.

Curing and protection. After the concrete has been jointed, it is important that the concrete be effectively cured;

this is commonly achieved through the placement of thick (typically 6 mil (0.15mm)) plastic sheeting over all exposed surfaces. The plastic sheeting should be applied no later than 20 minutes following discharge of the concrete, and should remain in place for at least 7 days (longer times may be required under cold weather placement conditions or if supplementary cementitious materials are used in the mix). Liquid membrane curing compounds are not commonly used because they prevent surface moisture loss and do nothing to prevent evaporation from within the pervious concrete.

Inspection and testing. The American Concrete Institute has prepared a summary of recommended inspection and testing activities that should be performed during construction of pervious concrete pavements (ACI 2010), as well as a specification for pervious concrete construction (ACI 2008). Acceptance testing for pervious concrete is typically limited to density (ASTM C1688) and thickness (ASTM C42). Test methods specific to pervious concrete are listed below:

ASTM C1688, • Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete.

ASTM C1701, • Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete.

ASTM C1747, • Standard Test Method for Determining Potential Resistance to Degradation of Pervious Concrete by Impact and Abrasion.

ASTM C1754, • Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Hardened Pervious Concrete.

In recognition of the special construction requirements of pervious concrete, the National Ready Mixed Concrete

Association has developed a program designed to educate, train, and certify contractors in pervious concrete placement (see http://nrmca.org/Education/Certifications/Pervious_Contractor.htm).

Traffic loading applications. The anticipated traffic to be carried by a pervious pavement is commonly characterized in terms of equivalent 18,000-lb (80 kN) single-axle load repetitions, which many procedures compute directly based on assumed truck-traffic distributions. Most pervious concrete pavements are used in low-truck-traffic applications.

Maintenance. Over time, sand, dirt, vegetation, and other debris can collect in pervious concrete’s voids and reduce its porosity, which can negatively affect the functionality of the system. Thus, periodic maintenance may be needed to remove surface debris and restore infiltration capacity. Two common maintenance methods are pressure washing and power vacuuming (ACI 2010).

439.1.01 Definitions

General Provisions 101 through 150.

439.1.02 Related References

A. Standard Specifications Section 152—Field Laboratory Building

Section 430—Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Section 431—Grind Concrete Pavement

Section 461—Sealing Roadway and Bridge Joints and Cracks

Section 500—Concrete Structures

Section 800—Coarse Aggregate

Section 801—Fine Aggregate

Section 830—Portland Cement

Section 831—Admixtures

Section 832—Curing Agents

Section 833—Joint Fillers and Sealers

Section 853—Reinforcement and Tensioning Steel

Section 880—Water

Section 886—Epoxy Resin Adhesives

B. Referenced Documents

AASHTO T 126

AASHTO T 22

AASHTO T 23

ASTM C 94, Requirements for Uniformity

GDT 26

GDT 27

GDT 28

GDT 32

GDT 72

GDT 78

SOP 34

Section 439 — Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (Special)

439.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance

General Provisions 101 through 150.

439.4 Measurement

Portland cement concrete pavement (special) complete, in-place and accepted, is measured by the square yard

(meter).

439.4.01 Limits

General Provisions 101 through 150.

439.5 Payment

Concrete pavement completed and accepted will be paid for at the full Contract Unit Price per square yard (meter).

Payment is full compensation for furnishing and placing materials, joint materials, supplies, and incidentals to complete the work.

Payment will be made under:

Item No.

Item No. 439-0030 PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT, 6-8 IN THK SY

SPECIAL PROVISION

Section 534—Pedestrian Bridge or Stick Built Bridge

Add the following:

534.1 General Description

This Specification covers the design, materials, fabrication, transportation, erection, measurement, and payment for a Pedestrian Bridge complete in place.

534.1.01 Definitions

The Pedestrian Bridge is that portion of the bridge above the top of the cap, excluding cheek walls, and consists of a simply supported, open top, steel through-truss span that is compatible with the bridge substructure. The Pedestrian

Bridge includes, but is not limited to, anchor bolts, bearing assemblies.

534.1.02 Related References

A. Standard Specifications

Section 105—Control of Work

Section 106—Control of Materials

Section 500—Concrete Structures

Section 501—Steel Structures

Section 511—Reinforcement Steel

B. Referenced Documents

AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 34th Edition, 2014 as indicated on the Plans.

AASHTO LRFD Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridges, 2nd Edition

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Customary U.S. Units, 7th Edition

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Manual of Steel Construction, 13th Edition.

534.1.03 Submittals

A. Plans

Submit plans, calculations, and specifications to the Engineer for approval prior to beginning fabrication and construction. Sign and seal plans, calculations, and specifications by a registered professional engineer currently licensed to practice in the State of Georgia.

B. Contractor and Fabricator Qualifications

Contractor Must Have a Minimum five (5) years experience in Steel Bridge Fabrication and a minimum of five (5) successful bridge projects, of similar construction, each of which has been in service at least three (3) years. List the location, bridge size, owner, and a contact for reference for each project.

Bridge(s) shall be fabricated by a fabricator who is currently certified by the American Institute of Steel

Construction to have the personnel, organization, experience, capability, and commitment to produce fabricated structural steel for the category “Major Steel Bridges” as set forth in the AISC Certification Program. Quality control shall be in accordance with procedures outlined for AISC certification.

534.2 Design Criteria

A. Geometry

Provide the following:

1. Inside clear width between handrails of 12’- 0” (3.6m), as shown on the Plans.

2. The length as shown on the Plans.

B. Loading

Include the following loads in the design:

1. Self weight.

2. Uniformly distributed load of 90 pounds per square foot (4.11 kN/m2).

3. A moving concentrated load equal to AASHTO H-5 (loading; truck only, without impact)

534.3 Materials

A. Structural Steel

As directed by the engineer in General Notes and Detail, Sheet S-0.0.

The minimum material thickness for structural steel members shall be in accordance with the provisions of

Article 10.8 of the AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges except that the minimum material thickness of closed structural tubular members is 1/4 inch (6 mm).

B. Concrete Deck

Use 5in Light Weight Concrete 3000 psi in 28days (Min 90pcf)

C. Composite Steel Floor Deck

Use a galvanized steel composite floor deck with a minimum thickness of .0336 inch (.85mm) (22 gage).

Manufacture the composite floor deck by a member of the Steel Deck Institute.

D. Bolts

Bolt field splices with type 3 High Strength ASTM A 325 (A 325M) or ASTM A 490 (A 490M) bolts.

E. Accessories

1. Trailblazer Bridge Style

2. Toe Plate

Attach a five (5) inch (125 mm) steel channel two (2) inches (50 mm) above the floor deck.

534.4 Construction Requirements

534.4.01 Personnel

General Provisions 101 through 150.

534.4.02 Equipment

General Provisions 101 through 150.

534.4.03 Preparation

General Provisions 101 through 150.

534.4.04 Fabrication

A. Fabrication

1. Workmanship

Perform the fabrication, welding, shop connections, and workmanship in accordance with Section 501 of the Georgia D.O.T. Specifications.

2. Welding

Perform all field welding by certified welders that have in their possession a current welding certification card issued by the Georgia D.O.T. Office of Materials and Research and in accordance with section 501 of the Georgia D.O.T. Specifications.

3. Camber

Fabricate each truss to produce a 1.0% positive camber after all dead loads have been applied.

4. Finish

Sand blast all prominently exposed surfaces of weathering steel in accordance with the Steel Structures

Painting Council (SSPC) Surface Preparation Specification No. 6 “Commercial Blast Cleaning”.

B. Delivery and Erection

1. Notify the Project Engineer two weeks in advance of delivery of the bridge superstructure unit.

2. Install anchor bolts in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

534.4.05 Quality Assurance

Furnish a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period of ten (10) years from the manufacturer.

534.4.06 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance

General Provisions 101 through 150.

534.5 Measurement

This work will be measured for payment on a Lump Sum basis, complete and accepted in place.

534.5.01 Limits

General Provisions 101 through 150.

534.6 Payment

This work will be paid for at the Contract Price per pedestrian bridge complete in place. Payment includes all material (structural steel, high strength bolts, composite steel deck forms, concrete, bearing assemblies, anchor bolts, and lights), labor, and equipment necessary to complete the work.

Payment will be made under:

Item No. 534 Pedestrian Bridge (see bid proposal) Lump Sum

SECTION 636 – TRAIL SIGNAGE

a. General Description

This work includes fabricating and installing Connects signs according to the details on the Plans and the Manual on

Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

Add the following:

Install signage according to the details shown on the Plans and Standard Specifications or as directed by the

Engineer.

Requirements:

Use material that meets the requirements of these Specifications and is of the type specified according to the plans.

Specification and Fabrication:

A. See Details on Plans for more information

Bolts and Assembly

Follow GDOT Specification 910 as written.

Payment will be made under

Item No. 636-1041 SIGNAGE SF

SECTION 636 – SIGNS POST

General Description

This work includes fabricating and installing Sign Post according to the details on the Plans and the Manual on

Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

Add the following:

Install signage according to the details shown on the Plans and Standard Specifications or as directed by the

Engineer.

Requirements:

Use material that meets the requirements of these Specifications and is of the type specified according to the plans.

Specification and Fabrication: SEE PLANS

A. See Plans for more information.

Bolts and Assembly

Follow GDOT Specification 636, 911 as written.

Payment will be made under

Item No. 636- DIRECTIONAL SIGN EA

Item No. 636- KIOSK SIGN EA

Item No. 636- REGULATORY SIGN EA

Item No. 636- DISTANCE MARKER EA

SECTION 652 –CROSSWALK STRIPING

METHYLE METHACRYLATE (MMA)

SECTION 900 – BOLLARDS

b. General Description

Bollards:

This work consists of the construction and installation of bollards with black and yellow signage. The bollards will be constructed of steel tubular pipe walls, concrete footing, rebar installation and a sand cushion.

Contractor shall install bollards according to the Specifications and Details shown on the Plans, or as directed by the

Engineer.

Requirements

• Bollards shall be constructed of 3/16 in x 5 in x 5 in tube steel meeting AASHTO M 36M Standards with tube cap. See plans for specifications.

• Prime Coating: When prime coating is specified, use a tnemic prime coat.

• Bollard Paint: Bollards shall be painted using 2 coats of black tnemic paint. See plans for specifications.

• Signs: Bollards shall contain black and yellows on the front and back of each bollard meeting MUTCD standards.

B. Concrete

Concrete used in construction of bollard to meet specifications in Section 441 of the Standard Specifications and shall be 3000 psi concrete.

900.3.05 Construction

Construction of bollard should proceed as follows:

A. Excavate a 24” diameter hole from the top of the finished grade down 4’-3”.

B. Insert hollow steel pipe into the previously excavated hole such that the bottom of the pipe is 3” from the bottom of the hole. This pipe will have had a 12” long piece of #4 rebar inserted through the walls of the pipe, 4” from the bottom of the pipe. Ensure pipe is placed vertically and maintains a vertical position throughout construction.

C. Fill hole to within 7” of finished grade with 3000 psi Concrete and allow to cure.

D. Lightly tamp 2” of sand onto the cured concrete and construct sidewalk on top of the bollard footing. Sidewalk construction will be paid for separately.

900.4 Measurement

Bollards are measured for payment by the number in place completed and accepted. Concrete trail surrounding completed bollard will be measured and paid for separately.

900.5 Payment

Bollards with black and yellow signage are measured for payment for payment as each. Payment is full compensation for furnishing and erecting in place according to the Plans and Specifications, and for providing materials and concrete, excavating, backfilling, and disposal of surplus materials.

Payment will be made under:

Item No. 900 Bollards with Black and Yellow Signage Per Each