SOW Att 4 - UFC 3-420-01 Plumbing Systems-EEWS App C.pdf

UFC 3-420-01

01 April 2021

APPENDIX C DESIGN GUIDANCE FOR EMERGENCY SHOWER AND EYEWASH

STATIONS

C-1 EMERGENCY SHOWER AND EYEWASH STATION (ES/EWS).

Provide ES/EWS meeting ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, where required by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations or by other competent authority, such as UFC’s, Military Handbooks, or Design Manuals. Consult with the local station and engineering authorities, including the process, environmental, and safety engineers, and the Industrial Hygienist about ES/EWS locations, materials present, waste treatment systems available, and permits required.

Locate ES/EWS as close to the hazard as possible, within 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 m) for highly corrosive chemicals, but not more than 10 seconds or 100 feet (30 m) of unobstructed travel away, whichever is lesser.

For personnel protection within water-reactive hazardous materials storage and handling areas, provide ASSE Z87.1, Occupational Eye and Face Protection chemical splash goggles. Consider providing portable ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 personal eyewash protection for use within the water-reactive area. Provide ES/EWS immediately outside the water-reactive area, but not more than the 10 seconds or 100 feet (30 m) away from the work location. Ensure water from ES/EWS will not enter the water-reactive area; this may require provision of partitions, walls, berms, trenches, or curbs. The personal eyewash must be of the smallest reasonable volume necessary to enable initial flushing on the way to the ES/EWS, to minimize the water-reactive hazard due to spillage of the flushing fluid.

A water-reactive material spill is the most probable cause of the need for flushing, and the spillage of the flushing fluid provides the other chemical needed to initiate the reaction.

Carefully consider whether to provide personal eyewash or not, and document the decision analysis. Personal eyewash fluid presence may increase the risk of a water-reactive chemical event due to risk of accidental personal eyewash fluid spill, and due to valid usage of personal eyewash. Water-reactive materials are defined in UFC 4-440-01, Warehouses and Storage Facilities.

C-2 ALARMS.

Provide a water flow-initiated alarm for each ES/EWS. For locations where potable water is not available, provide personal eyewash protection and a manually initiated alarm.

Provide a local audible signal device, a silencing switch, and a flashing strobe light for each ES/EWS and for each manual alarm, and optionally provide central reporting of the alarm to a 24 hour per day manned location. Alarm installations must be waterproof per National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Class 3. ES/EWS alarm systems in hazardous (classified) locations, per National Electric Code, must be listed and labeled for that purpose. Alarm audible signal devices must have a distinct sound, different from other alarms in this and adjacent facilities. Mount alarm audible signal device, silencing switch, and strobe light on wall or ES/EWS column, immediately above the level of the showerhead.

Alarms protect people by promptly summoning help, and protect stored materials, equipment, and facilities by indicating or reporting ES/EWS activation, with its attendant water flow.

C-3 FLOOR DRAINS.

Floor drains for ES/EWS are not required by the IPC. See Section 411.

C-3.1 Occupant Preference.

Owners and occupants prefer floor drains, for housekeeping and for material and facility protection reasons.

The floor drain may become a source of illicit disposal of prohibited substances. Careful supervision will be necessary.

C-3.2 De Minimis Losses.

Floor drains may be provided. The Environmental Protection Agency regulation, 40 CFR 261, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste, describes “ ...the following mixtures of solid wastes and hazardous wastes listed in Subpart D are not hazardous wastes...”

“...“de minimis” losses include ...” “...discharges from safety showers and rinsing and cleaning of personal safety equipment;...”. Therefore, ES/EWS discharges may be drained to the sanitary sewer system, as they are “de minimis” losses.

C-3.3 Sizing.

C-3.3.1 Capacity.

Minimum capacity 45 gpm (2.8 L/s) water flow, based upon 1.5 times the ANSI/ISEA Z358.1 standard water flow minimum requirement.

The floor drain must accommodate the full flow of the ES/EWS to avoid spilling water over the containment curb, into the hazardous material storage area, and to avoid damage to the material and the facility in case of continuous ES/EWS operation.

C-3.3.2 Traps.

Floor drains must be provided with 4-inch (100 mm) deep seal traps. Frequent testing of the ES/EWS, as required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, will refill the trap seal.

The deep seal trap is provided to reduce the problem of the unused trap drying out and allowing the back flow of sewer gases, fumes, and vermin into the space. Weekly testing of the ES/EWS will be usage enough to refill the trap seal; otherwise, provide an automatic trap priming valve connected to the cold water supply to maintain the trap seal.

C-3.3.3 Containment Curb.

For hazardous material (HAZMAT) areas, provide a 1.5 inch (37 mm) high ES/EWS containment curb completely around the ES/EWS, slope the exterior (approach) face of the curb up at a slope of 1/12 rise, but not more than 1/8 rise per ABA Accessibility Standards for DoD Facilities, mark the ES/EWS curb as a trip hazard per OSHA regulations, and inform the personnel that the ES/EWS curb exists. Where ES/EWS with floor drains are located within hazardous material (hazmat) spill containment bermed or curbed areas, provide the crest of the ES/EWS curb to be 1.5 inch (37 mm) higher than the surrounding HAZMAT area curb, to ensure spills do not enter the floor drain. See Figure D-1.

Figure C-1 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Details

The ES/EWS containment curb protects the floor drain from accidental spills in the surrounding HAZMAT area. The ES/EWS curb also protects the stored HAZMAT materials and facility from accumulated ES/EWS water flow by directing the flow into the floor drain.

C-3.3.4 Placard.

In HAZMAT areas, post a placard at each ES/EWS stating: “NO DUMPING. This drain discharges untreated into the sanitary sewer, contact Activity Environmental Office for proper disposal of spilled material or waste.”

The placard provides the occupants with sufficient information to avoid inadvertent “spills” caused by using the floor drain as a convenient sink for cleanup of spilled materials.

Revise the wording to correctly indicate the discharge destination and any treatment system it passes through, such as a neutralization tank or an oil-water separator.

C-3.4 Connection.

All drain connections must comply with all national, State, local, and DoD regulations.

C-3.4.1 Extraordinary hazard materials.

Extraordinary hazard materials - such as poisons, must not discharge into a drain system.

Utilize the HAZMAT spill containment curb system to contain the ES/EWS water flow.

Provide remote alarm reporting to a central manned station. Immediate action is required to prevent poison contaminated water from spreading throughout the facility.

The floor drain is omitted to prevent inadvertent exposure of persons downstream of the floor drain from unknowingly contacting the potentially poisonous runoff. The hazardous material spill response team answering the alarm will be aware of the hazards and capable of taking appropriate measures for self-protection. If the HAZMAT spill containment curbed area has insufficient volume to hold a minimum of 30 minutes of ES/EWS water flow, provide a floor drain to an above ground holding tank sized to hold at least 30 minutes of flow. Properly label the piping and the tank as holding poisonous fluids. Provide a HAZMAT spill containment berm around the holding tank. Provide an ES/EWS containment curb around the floor drain to preclude fire protection water from flooding the floor drain holding tank and tank berm. ES/EWS curb to be 1.5 inches (37

mm) higher than the HAZMAT curb.

C-3.4.2 Plating shops.

Drain to the proper industrial waste treatment system. Segregate cyanide wastes, including ES/EWS drainage, from all acid wastes. Segregate hexavalent chromium wastes, including ES/EWS drainage, from all caustics and cyanides. Where the shower is located in a multiple use area, such as a material handling or shipping/receiving area, drain to the proper industrial waste treatment system.

C-3.4.3 Battery rooms or shops.

Drain to the proper neutralization tank, if provided; otherwise, drain to the sanitary sewer system. Segregate caustics from the Nickel- Cadmium-Alkali battery area, including ES/EWS drainage, from acids. Segregate acids from the Lead- Acid battery area, including ES/EWS drainage, from caustics. Do not allow mixing of acid and alkali wastes in the drains.

C-3.4.4 Oily waste shops.

Drain to the oil/water separator, if provided; otherwise, drain to the sanitary sewer system.

Typical oily waste shops include the following: paint shops and hangers, paint mix rooms, paint equipment rooms, engine shops, ground support equipment shops, refueler shops, Public Works automotive shops, locomotive and crane shops.

C-3.4.5 Miscellaneous materials.

Drain to the sanitary sewer system.

C-3.4.6 Exterior ES/EWS in HAZMAT areas.

Slope impervious-surfaced grade to drain to a bermed or curbed impervious-surfaced area to allow cleanup without “spillage” to the environment; or provide a floor drain connected to an appropriate drain system, and an enclosure with roof to preclude storm water entry into the floor drain. Provide the ramp, curb, and grate around the floor drain, to preclude surface drainage into the floor drain.

C-4 PIPED DRAINS.

Piped drains for eyewash stations (EWS) are not required by the IPC. See Section 411.

C-4.1 Occupant Preference.

Owners and occupants prefer piped drains for EWS for housekeeping purposes.

C-4.2 De Minimis Losses.

Piped drains for EWS may be provided. The Environmental Protection Agency regulation, 40 CFR 261, describes “ ...the following mixtures of solid wastes and hazardous wastes listed in Subpart D are not hazardous wastes...” “...“de minimis” losses include ...”

“...discharges from safety showers and rinsing and cleaning of personal safety equipment;...”. Therefore, EWS discharges may be drained to the sanitary sewer system, as they are “de minimis” losses.

C-4.3 Sizing.

Pipe full size from waste tee. See Figure D-1.

C-4.3.1 Traps.

Piped drains must be provided with 4 inch (100 mm) deep seal traps. Frequent testing of the EWS, as required by ANSI/ISEA Z358.1, will refill the trap seal.

The deep seal trap is provided to reduce the problem of the unused trap drying out and allowing the back flow of sewer gases, fumes, and vermin into the space. Weekly testing of the EWS will be usage enough to refill the trap seal; otherwise, provide an automatic trap priming valve connected to the cold water supply to maintain the trap seal.

C-4.4 Connection.

All drain connections must comply with all national, State, local, and DoD regulations.

C-4.4.1 Extraordinary hazard materials.

Extraordinary hazard materials - such as poisons, must not discharge into a drain system.

Utilize the HAZMAT spill containment curb system to contain the EWS water flow.

Provide remote alarm reporting to a central manned station. Immediate action is required to prevent poison contaminated water from spreading throughout the facility.

The piped drain is omitted to prevent inadvertent exposure of persons downstream of the piped drain from unknowingly contacting the potentially poisonous runoff. The hazardous material spill response team answering the alarm will be aware of the hazards and capable of taking appropriate measures for self-protection. If the HAZMAT spill containment curbed area has insufficient volume to hold a minimum of 30 minutes of EWS water flow, provide a piped drain to an above ground holding tank sized to hold at least 30 minutes of flow. Properly label the piping and the tank as holding poisonous fluids.

Provide a HAZMAT spill containment berm around the holding tank.

C-4.4.2 Plating shops.

Drain to the proper industrial waste treatment system. Segregate cyanide wastes, including EWS drainage, from all acid wastes. Segregate hexavalent chromium wastes, including EWS drainage, from all caustics and cyanides. Where the EWS is located in a multiple use area, such as a material handling or shipping/receiving area, drain to the proper industrial waste treatment system.

C-4.4.3 Battery rooms or shops.

Drain to the proper neutralization tank, if provided; otherwise, drain to the sanitary sewer system. Segregate caustics from the Nickel- Cadmium-Alkali battery area, including EWS drainage, from acids. Segregate acids from the Lead- Acid battery area, including EWS drainage, from caustics. Do not allow mixing of acid and alkali wastes in the drains.

C-4.4.4 Oily waste shops.

Drain to the oil/water separator, if provided; otherwise, drain to the sanitary sewer system.

Typical oily waste shops include the following: paint shops and hangers, paint mix rooms, paint equipment rooms, engine shops, ground support equipment shops, refueler shops, Public Works automotive shops, locomotive and crane shops.

C-4.4.5 Miscellaneous materials.

Drain to the sanitary sewer system.

C-4.4.6 Exterior EWS in HAZMAT areas.

Slope impervious-surfaced grade to drain to a bermed or curbed impervious-surfaced area to allow cleanup without “spillage” to the environment; or provide a piped drain connected to an appropriate drain system.

Note: All drain connections must comply with all national, State, local, and DoD regulations. Coordinate this issue with the local authorities per paragraph 1 above.

C-5 ELECTRICAL.

Provide ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection for dedicated heat tape circuits and for all electrical power outlets within 6 feet (1.8 m) of an ES/EWS and below the elevation of the showerhead.

For heat tape systems, provide a ground fault equipment protection (GFEP) device on each heating cable branch circuit. Conventional circuit breakers may not prevent arcing from damaged or improperly installed heat trace cables. Coordinate heat tape system requirements with electrical engineer.

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