SOL-521-12-000021 RFP FINAL 14-Feb-2012.pdf

US Agency for International Development (USAID) US Embassy Haiti Boulevard 15 octobre, Tabarre 41 PO Box 1634 Port-au-Prince, Haiti

ISSUANCE DATE: February 14, 2012 PRE-AWARD CONFERENCE: February 27, 2012 QUESTIONS SUBMISSION DUE DATE: March 2, 2012 PROPOSAL SUBMISSION CLOSING DATE: March 16, 2012

14:00 hours (02:00 PM) Haiti local time

SUBJECT: Solicitation No. SOL-521-12-000021

REFERENCE: ―U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor.‖

Dear Prospective Offerors:

USAID/Haiti is soliciting proposals for performance of services detailed in the attached request for proposal (RFP). The proposals must be prepared in accordance with instructions included in Section L and will be evaluated based on the evaluation criteria contained in Section M.

USAID/Haiti contemplates an award of one Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) completion type contract to cover a three year base period of performance, ending on June 15, 2015. Two one-year option periods are also contemplated under this contract. The total estimated cost for the Base Period and Option Years are as follows:

Base Period is estimated between $75 million to $79 million over three years Option Year 1 is estimated between $8 million to $9 million Option Year 2 is estimated between $4 million to $5.5 million

Nevertheless, revealing the total estimated cost for the contract does not mean that Offerors should necessarily strive to meet the maximum amount. The Offeror must propose costs that it believes are realistic and reasonable for the work. Cost proposals will be evaluated as part of a Best-Value determination for contract award, including cost effective approaches to achieve the results.

Issuance of this solicitation does not constitute an award commitment on the part of the U.S.

Government, nor does it commit the U.S. Government to pay for any costs incurred in the preparation or submission of a proposal. Furthermore, the U.S. Government reserves the right to reject any offer, if such action is considered to be in the best interest of the U.S. Government.

Pre-Award Conference:

USAID intends to hold a Pre-Award Conference in Haiti at the date specified above to address any questions concerning this RFP. In advance of the Pre-Award Conference, questions must be submitted in writing via e-mail to Mr. Jack M. Adrien at jadrien@usaid.gov with copies to oaahaiti@usaid.gov.

mailto:jadrien@usaid.gov mailto:oaahaiti@usaid.gov mailto:oaahaiti@usaid.gov mailto:jadrien@usaid.gov https://www.fbo.gov/

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1. THIS CONTRACT IS A RATED ORDER RATING PAGE OF PAGES

UNDER DPAS (15 CFR 700)

2. CONTRACT NUMBER 3. SOLICITATION NUMBER 4. TYPE OF SOLICITATION 5. DATE ISSUED 6. REQUISITION/PURCHASE NUMBER

SEALED BID (IFB)

NEGOTIATED (RFP)

7. ISSUED BY CODE 8. ADDRESS OFFER TO (If other than Item 7)

NOTE: In sealed bid solicitations "offer" and "offeror" mean "bid" and "bidder".

9. Sealed offers in original and _____________________________ copies for furnishing the supplies or services in the Schedule will be received at the place specified in Item 8, or if handcarried, in the depository located in until local time _______________________ (Hour) (Date)

CAUTION - LATE Submissions, Modifications, and Withdrawals: See Section L, Provision No. 52.214-7 or 52.215-1. All Offers are subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation.

A. NAME B. TELEPHONE (NO COLLECT CALLS) C. E-MAIL ADDRESS

AREA CODE NUMBER EXT.

(X) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S) (X) SEC. DESCRIPTION PAGE(S)

PART I - THE SCHEDULE PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSES

A SOLICITATION/CONTRACT FORM I CONTRACT CLAUSES

B SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICES/COSTS PART III - LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACH.

C DESCRIPTION/SPECS./WORK STATEMENT J LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

D PACKAGING AND MARKING PART IV - REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

E INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

F DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

G CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA L INSTR., CONDS., AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS

H SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS M EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER

STATEMENTS OF OFFERORS

NOTE: Item 12 does not apply if the solicitation includes the provisions at 52.214-16, Minimum Bid Acceptance Period.

12. In compliance with the above, the undersigned agrees, if this offer is accepted within ________ calendar days (60 calendar days unless a different period is inserted by the offeror) from the date for receipt of offers specified above, to furnish any or all items upon which prices are offered at the price set opposite each item, delivered at the designated point(s), within the time specified in the schedule.

13. DISCOUNT FOR PROMPT PAYMENT 10 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 20 CALENDAR DAYS (%) 30 CALENDAR DAYS (%) CALENDAR DAYS (%)

(See Section I, Clause No. 52-232-8)

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AMENDMENTS AMENDMENT NO. DATE AMENDMENT NO. DATE

(The offeror acknowledges receipt of amendments to the

SOLICITATION for offerors and related documents numbered and dated:

CODE FACILITY

16. NAME AND TITLE OF PERSON AUTHORIZED TO SIGN OFFER 15A. NAME AND

ADDRESS

OF OFFEROR

(Type or print)

15B. TELEPHONE NUMBER 17. SIGNATURE 18. OFFER DATE

AREA CODE NUMBER EXT.

15C. CHECK IF REMITTANCE ADDRESS IS DIFFERENT FROM

ABOVE - ENTER SUCH ADDRESS IN SCHEDULE

19. ACCEPTED AS TO ITEMS NUMBERED 20. AMOUNT 21. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION

22. AUTHORITY FOR USING OTHER THAN FULL AND OPEN COMPETITION: 23. SUBMIT INVOICES TO ADDRESS SHOWN IN ITEM

(4 copies unless otherwise specified) 10 U.S.C. 2304(a) ( ) 41 U.S.C. 253(c) ( )

24. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than Item 7) 25. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE BY CODE CODE

26. NAME OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print) 27. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 28. AWARD DATE

IMPORTANT - Award will be made on this Form, or on Standard Form 26, or by other authorized official written notice.

(Signature of Contracting Officer)

(REV. 9-97)

10. FOR INFORMATION CALL:

11. TABLE OF CONTENTS

STANDARD FORM 33

SOLICITATION, OFFER AND AWARD

SOLICITATION

OFFER (Must be fully completed by Offeror)

AWARD (To be completed by Government)

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02/14/2012

United States Agency for International Development/Haiti Embassy of the United States Port-au-Prince, Haiti Boulevard du 15 Octobre Tabarre 41, Tabarre, Haiti

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U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - THE SCHEDULE

SECTION B – SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS

B.1 PURPOSE

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

B.3 BUDGET

B.4 PAYMENT OF FEE

B.5 COST REIMBURSABLE

B.6 INDIRECT COST

B.7 CEILING ON INDIRECT COST RATES AND FINAL REIMBURSEMENT FOR

INDIRECT COSTS

SECTION C – DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1 TITLE

C.2 OBJECTIVE

C.3 BACKGROUND

C.4 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES

C.4.1 GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS

C.5 DONOR RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE

C.5.1 USG RESPONSE AND RELEVANT USG ACTIVITIES

C.5.2 OTHER DONORS

C.5.3 PROJECT CORE PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABILITY

C.5.4 TARGET CROPS

C.6.0 OBJECTIVE: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL INCOMES

C.6.1 INTERMEDIATE RESULT 1: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY INCREASED

C.6.1.1 SUB-RESULT 1.1: KNOWLEDGE AND AVAILABILITY OF IMPROVED

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS INCREASED

C.6.1.2 SUB-RESULT 1.2: STRENGTHENED EXTENSION OF AGRICULTURAL

TECHNOLOGIES AND NUTRITION INFORMATION

C.6.1.3 SUB-RESULT 1.3: ACCESS TO INPUTS INCREASED

C.6.1.4 SUB-RESULT 1.4: IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTED/REHABILITATED

AND MANAGEMENT CAPACITY OF USERS INCREASED

C.6.1.5 SUB-RESULT 1.5: PROPERTY SECURITY STRENGTHENED

C.6.2 INTERMEDIATE RESULT 2: WATERSHED STABILITY ABOVE SELECTED

PLAINS IMPROVED

C.6.2.1 SUB-RESULT 2.1 WATERSHED GOVERNANCE BODIES ESTABLISHED AT

THE SUB-WATERSHED LEVEL

C.6.2.2 SUB-RESULT 2.2: CRITICAL SLOPES STABILIZED THROUGH PUBLIC

WORKS 16

C.6.2.3 SUB-RESULT 2.3: CRITICAL SLOPES STABILIZED THROUGH FARMER-

LEVEL INVESTMENTS

C.6.2.4 SUB-RESULT 2.4: CRISIS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY STRENGTHENED

C.6.3 INTERMEDIATE RESULT 3: AGRICULTURAL MARKETS STRENGTHENED

C.6.3.1 SUB-RESULT 3.1: IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE

C.6.3.2 SUB-RESULT 3.2: IMPROVED ACCESS TO STORAGE AND PROCESSING

FACILITIES

C.6.3.3 SUB RESULT 3.3: INCREASED ACCESS TO FINANCIAL PRODUCTS

C.6.3.4 SUB RESULT 3.4: IMPROVED MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 ii

C.6.3.5 SUB-RESULT 3.5: RELATIONSHIPS IN TARGETED VALUE CHAINS

STRENGTHENED

C.6.4 INTERMEDIATE RESULT 4: CAPACITY OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS

STRENGTHENED

C.7 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

C.8 SUB-AWARDS TO THE U.S.-HAITI FEED THE FUTURE PARTNERSHIP:

NORTHERN CORRIDOR PARTNER IMPLEMENTERS

C.9 ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

SECTION D – PACKAGING AND MARKING

D.1 AIDAR 752.7009 MARKING (JAN 1993)

D.2 BRANDING STRATEGY, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND MARKING PLAN

D.3 BRANDING STRATEGY

SECTION E – INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

E.1 CONTRACT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

E.2 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

E.3 INSPECTION AND ACCEPTANCE

SECTION F – DELIVERIES OR PERFORMANCE

F.1 PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE

F.2 DELIVERABLES AND RESULTS

F.3 MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACT

F.4 PERSONNEL

F.5 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PLAN

F.6 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

F.7 PLACE OF PERFORMANCE

F.8 AUTHORIZED WORK DAY/WEEK

F.9 CLOSE-OUT PLAN

F.10 AIDAR 752.7005 SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

EXPERIENCE DOCUMENTS (JAN 2004)

SECTION G – CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION DATA

G.1 AIDAR 752.7003 DOCUMENTATION FOR PAYMENT (NOV 1998)

G.2 CONTRACTING OFFICER'S AUTHORITY

G.3 TECHNICAL DIRECTION AND DESIGNATION OF RESPONSIBLE USAID

OFFICIALS

G.4 ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL

G.5 INVOICES

G.6 ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA

SECTION H – SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS

H.1 LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS

H.2 GOVERNMENT FURNISHED FACILITIES OR PROPERTY

H.3 TITLE TO PROPERTY

H.4 CONFIDENTIALITY AND OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

H.5 CONTRACTOR’S STAFF SUPPORT, AND ADMINISTRATIVE AND LOGISTICS

ARRANGEMENTS

H.6 AIDAR 752.7007 PERSONNEL COMPENSATION (JULY 2007)

H.7 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL COMPENSATION

H.8 AUTHORIZED GEOGRAPHIC CODE

H.9 TRAVEL

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 iii

H.10 EXECUTIVE ORDER ON TERRORISM FINANCING

H.11 REPORTING ON TAXATION OF U.S. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

H.12 REQUESTS FOR CO CONSENT TO SUBCONTRACT

H.13 SUBCONTRACTING PLAN AND THE SF 294 – SUBCONTRACTING REPORT FOR

INDIVIDUAL CONTRACTS AND SF 295 – SUMMARY CONTRACTING REPORT

H.14 PRESS RELATIONS

H.15 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES (BUMPERS AMENDMENT). (FY 2008 Act Sec.

613(b), as interpreted by the conference report for the original enactment)

H.16 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE

H.17 INSURANCE AND SERVICES

H.18 AIDAR 752.228-70 MEDICAL EVACUATION (MEDEVAC) SERVICES (JULY 2007)

H.19 AIDAR 752.225-70 SOURCE, ORIGIN AND NATIONALITY REQUIREMENTS (FEB

1997)

H.20 GRANTS UNDER CONTRACT (GUCS)

H.21 CRISIS MODIFIER

PART II - CONTRACT CLAUSES

SECTION I – CONTRACT CLAUSES

I.1 NOTICE LISTING CONTRACT CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

I.2 FAR 52.219-23 NOTICE OF PRICE EVALUATION ADJUSTMENT FOR SMALL

DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS CONCERNS (JUNE 2003)

I.3 FAR 52.227-23 RIGHTS TO PROPOSAL DATA (TECHNICAL) (JUN 1987)

I.4 FAR 52.232-25 PROMPT PAYMENT (OCT 2003)

I.5 FAR 52.252-2 CLAUSES INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB 1998)

I.6 AIDAR 752.7016 VOLUNTARY POPULATION ACTIVITIES (MAR 1999)

I.8 COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTS (OCT 1994)

PART III – LIST OF DOCUMENTS, EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACHMENTS

SECTION J – LIST OF DOCUMENTS EXHIBITS AND OTHER ATTACHEMENTS

J.1 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

J.2 REFERENCES

PART IV – REPRESENTATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

SECTION K – REPRESENTATIONS, CERTIFICATIONS AND OTHER STATEMENTS OF

OFFERORS OR RESPONDENTS

K.1 FAR 52.204-8 ANNUAL REPRESENTATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS (JAN 2006)

SECTION L – INSTRUCTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND NOTICES TO OFFERORS OR

RESPONDENTS

L.1 NOTICE LISTING SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY

REFERENCE

L.2 52.233-2 SERVICE OF PROTEST (SEP 2006)

L.3 52.252-1 SOLICITATION PROVISIONS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (FEB

1998)

L.4 GENERAL

L.5 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO OFFERORS

L.6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

L.7 COST PROPOSALS

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 iv

SECTION M – EVALUATION FACTORS FOR AWARD

M.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

M.2 TECHNICAL PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

PART I - THE SCHEDULE

SECTION B – SUPPLIES OR SERVICES AND PRICE/COSTS

B.1 PURPOSE

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in Haiti requires support of its Development Objective to increase agricultural incomes in Haiti’s Northern Corridor by achieving the following results:

1) Agricultural Productivity Increased

2) Watershed Stability above Selected Plains Improved

3) Agricultural Markets Strengthened

4) Capacity of Local Organizations Strengthened

B.2 CONTRACT TYPE

This is a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee completion type contract. For the consideration set forth in the contract, the Contractor shall provide the deliverables or outputs described in Sections C and F and otherwise comply with all contract requirements.

B.3 BUDGET

The Total Estimated Cost for the Base Period of the Contract is $_____________. The Fixed Fee for the Base Period is $ _____________. The Total Estimated Cost plus Fixed Fee for the Base Period is $_____________. The Total Estimated Cost for Option Year 1 is $_____________. The Fixed Fee for Option Year 1 is $ _____________. The Total Estimated Cost plus Fixed Fee for Option Year 1 is $_____________. The Total Estimated Cost for Option Year 2 is $_____________. The Fixed Fee for Option Year 2 is $ _____________. The Total Estimated Cost plus Fixed Fee for Option Year 2 is $_____________.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

*Sub-awards Management Fee, which is not considered profit, is 2% on the actual amount of subgrants awarded under the contract for Base Period and all Option Years. Nevertheless, the Sub-awards Management Fee is not an allowable cost for grants under contract sub-awards.

B.4 PAYMENT OF FEE

Subject to the withholding provision of the contract clause entitled ― Fixed Fee (FAR 52.216-8), the fee, if any, specified in Section B.3 shall be paid in installments at the time of each payment on account of allowable costs incurred, the amount of each such installment being determined by applying to the amount payable as a percentage reflecting the ratio of the total contract fixed fee to the total contract estimated costs.

In the event of discontinuance of the work in accordance with the clause entitled Termination

DEVELOPMENT FOCUSED BUDGET LINE ITEMS BY

PROGRAM RESULTS IN SECTION C

Objective: Increased Agricultural Incomes

Base Period (June 15, 2012 - June 14, 2015)

Option Year 1

(June 15, 2015 June 14, 2016)

Option Year 2

(June 15, 2016 June 14, 2017)

Total Base Period Plus

Option Years

Intermediate Result 1 Agricultural Productivity Increased

Estimated Costs

Fixed Fee Excluding Sub-Awards Management Fee

Estimated Sub-Awards Management Fee - 2% on Actual*

Total Cost Plus Fees

Intermediate Result 2 Watershed Stability above Selected Plains Improved

Estimated Costs

Fixed Fee Excluding Sub-Awards Management Fee

Estimated Sub-Awards Management Fee - 2% on Actual*

Total Cost Plus Fees

Intermediate Result 3 Agricultural Markets Strengthened

Estimated Costs

Fixed Fee Excluding Sub-Awards Management Fee

Estimated Sub-Awards Management Fee - 2% on Actual*

Total Cost Plus Fees

Intermediate Result 4 Capacity of Local Organizations Strengthened

Estimated Costs

Fixed Fee Excluding Sub-Awards Management Fee

Estimated Sub-Awards Management Fee - 2% on Actual*

Total Cost Plus Fees

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST FOR ALL INTERMEDIATE

RESULTS

TOTAL FIXED FEE EXCLUDING SUB-AWARDS

MANAGEMENT FEE

ESTIMATED TOTAL MANAGEMENT FEE ON SUB-

AWARDS*

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST PLUS FEES (CEILING)

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

(FAR 52.249-6), the Contracting Officer shall readjust the fixed fee in accordance with the considerations contained in FAR 49.305-1. The full fee will be paid in accordance with terms and conditions of the contract completion and close-out process and FAR Clause 52.216-8.

B.5 COST REIMBURSABLE

The U.S. dollar costs allowable shall be limited to reasonable, allocable and necessary costs determined in accordance with FAR 52.216-7, Allowable Cost and Payment, FAR 52.216-8, Fixed Fee, if applicable, and AIDAR 752.7003, Documentation for Payment.‖

B.6 INDIRECT COST

Pending establishment of revised provisional or final indirect cost rates, allowable indirect costs shall be reimbursed on the basis of the following negotiated provisional or predetermined rates and the appropriate bases:

Description Rate Base Type Period

1/ 1/ 1/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 3/ 3/ 3/

1/Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

Source:

2/Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

Source:

3/Base of Application:

Type of Rate:

Period:

Source:

NOTE: The Contractor is allowed to recover applicable indirect costs (i.e., overhead, G&A, etc.) on other direct costs (ODCs), if it is part of the Contractor’s usual accounting procedures, consistent with FAR Part 31, and Negotiated Indirect Cost Rate Agreement (NICRA). Indirect costs shall not be allowed for local organizations. All costs for local organizations shall be budgeted and billed as direct costs.

B.7 CEILING ON INDIRECT COST RATES AND FINAL REIMBURSEMENT FOR

INDIRECT COSTS

(a) Reimbursement for allowable indirect costs shall be at the lower rate of the final negotiated (or predetermined) rates, or the following ceiling rates:

The Contractor shall not receive indirect costs that exceed rates two percentage points or 10% of the individual indirect cost rates above, whichever is lower. The Contractor shall also

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 negotiate ceiling indirect costs rates with their sub awardees that do not exceed two percentage points or 10% of their respective indirect costs rates in NICRA at time of award.

(b) The Government will not be obligated to pay any additional amount should the final indirect cost rates exceed the negotiated ceiling rates. If the final indirect cost rates are less than the negotiated ceiling rates, the negotiated rates will be reduced to conform to the lower rates.

Final indirect costs exceeding the rate(s) applied to the base(s) shown above shall be absorbed by the Contractor.

(c) This understanding shall not change any monetary ceiling, obligation, or specific cost allowance or disallowance. Any changes in classifying or allocating indirect costs require the prior written approval of the Contracting Officer.

[END OF SECTION B]

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

SECTION C – DESCRIPTION/SPECIFICATIONS/STATEMENT OF WORK

C.1 TITLE

―U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor‖

C.2 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this contract is to increase agricultural incomes in Haiti’s Northern Corridor.

C.3 BACKGROUND

Agriculture is central to the Haitian economy, generating nearly 25% of GDP and employing more than 60% of the population. Although agriculture did not suffer the effects of the January 12, 2010 earthquake as severely or directly as other sectors, it is under increasing pressure to serve as a near-term engine for economic recovery and employment opportunities. The importance of jumpstarting agricultural productivity immediately has been echoed strongly by the Government of Haiti (GOH), the U.S. Government (USG), and throughout the international community.

In line with post-earthquake strategies of the GOH and USG, the objective of the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor is to increase agricultural incomes in Haiti’s Northern Corridor. Geographically, the project will work in the plains and their associated watersheds in the Northern (Cap Haitien) Corridor. The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor supports Feed the Future, the USG Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative.

The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor also supports the USAID Forward Initiative and its goal of increasing the number of direct awards with local organizations. Concurrent to increasing incomes, the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership:

Northern Corridor will build the capacity of Haitian organizations so that they are eligible to receive USAID funding after two to three years. These and other local organizations will then become the primary implementers of USAID/Haiti’s agriculture programs in the Northern Corridor through directed and/or competitive awards from USAID. During year three of the project, implementation under this contract will phase out of most agriculture activities by transitioning them to local organizations, and in years four and five this contract’s primary purpose will be to assist with coordination and provide support functions to the local organizations.

Haiti’s physical environment is unique, and a history of agriculture development projects in Haiti provides lessons for technical approaches, notably that efforts must consider entire watersheds in order to avert disasters that can destroy agricultural production, particularly in Haiti’s fertile plains. Such an approach will be more likely to provide a path to broad-based, inclusive, and sustainable rural growth.

In line with USG commitments, USAID regulations and initiatives, and technical best practices, U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will adhere to and mainstream a number of project core principles: the project will be country-led, build capacity of Haitian institutions, coordinate with and leverage the work of other donors and stakeholders, be results-oriented, be market-driven, achieve scale through demonstration effects, and consider the gender and environmental implications of its work.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

C.4 STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES

The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor recognizes the natural, social, economic and ecological inter-connectivity between the uplands and lowlands within a watershed—in particular, the reality that Haiti’s degraded hillsides pose a major threat to agricultural productivity (as well as human safety). As such it seeks to integrate productivity of staple and high-value crops in fertile plains with strategic, market-driven land management activities in the hills and mountains. These land management activities will protect investments in the plains from flooding and sedimentation during the rainy season and increase supplies of water for irrigation in the dry season.

To support this process, the primary implementation tool of the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will be sub-contracts and grants under contracts (GUCs) to Haitian organizations. Sub-awards will serve the dual purpose of program implementation as well as preparation for local firms to become eligible to receive direct USAID funding. The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will serve as a management unit overseeing sub-awardees.

Annex I provides a discussion of the background of USAID in sustainable agriculture in Haiti with a particular emphasis upon market-driven production and marketing systems that both increase productivity and protect productive lands.

C.4.1 GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS

The northern corridor consists of the Massif du Nord (Northern Massif) and the Plaine du Nord (Northern Plain). The Massif du Nord, an extension of the central mountain range in the Dominican Republic, begins at Haiti’s eastern border, north of the Guayamouc River, and extends to the northwest through the northern peninsula. The Massif du Nord ranges in elevation from 600 to 1,100 meters. The Plaine du Nord lies along the northern border with the Dominican Republic, between the Massif du Nord and the North Atlantic Ocean. This lowland area of 2,000 square kilometers is about 150 kilometers long and 30 kilometers wide. There are six watersheds in the northern corridor: Limbé, Zone du cap Haitien, Grande Rivière du Nord, Trou du Nord, Marion/Maribaroux, and Jassa. These—along with additional areas where cocoa is grown (see below)—represent the geographic area for the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor.

Communes (local government units) involved include Acul du Nord, Bas-Limbe, Cap Haitien, Caracol, Ferrier, Fort-Liberté, Limbé, Limonade, Milot, Ouanaminthe, Plaine du Nord, Quartier Morin, Terrier Rouge, and Trou du Nord. Note that in some cases only portions of the listed communes will be in the target watershed.

Note that the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will be taking over activities from another USAID contract currently active in the Limbé watershed. The Development for a Sustainable Environment (DEED) project (see relevant section below) is providing support in that region that is similar to the kind of support the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership:

Northern Corridor will provide. DEED is scheduled to end in September 2012. The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will not necessarily work with the same group of beneficiaries or on the same activities. However, there will inevitably be some overlap, and the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor shall work closely with DEED to ensure a smooth and effective transition.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

Although the large majority of activities will take place in the above defined regions, certain specific activities relating to getting goods to markets will not be geographically limited. That is to say, beneficiary organizations (producer groups, agribusinesses, etc.) in the targeted geographic area shall be supported to find buyers and markets for their products, and those buyers/markets do not need to be in the Northern Corridor region; in fact, it is the hope that products originating in the Northern Corridor shall find markets throughout the country, the region, and beyond.

Additionally, work in the production and export of cocoa shall extend beyond the corridor.

The map below shows the region described above minus the Limbé Watershed.

C.5 DONOR RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE

C.5.1 USG RESPONSE AND RELEVANT USG ACTIVITIES

The USG has followed the GOH’s lead in re-assessing its approach to supporting the development of Haiti. Its recently-published Post-Earthquake USG Haiti Strategy is based around principles of supporting country ownership and building country capacity, providing assistance that is comprehensive and integrated, coordinating and leveraging investments with other donors and partners, and focusing on sustainability and accountability. It will focus its investments in four core development pillars, the second of which is Food and Economic Security. It seeks concrete and substantial impacts through working in three key geographical corridors: the Port-au-Prince Corridor, the Saint Marc Corridor, and the Northern (Cap Haitien) Corridor, the last of which will be the geographic focus of this project (see map below)

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

Feed the Future (FTF) is a major initiative of the USG, the Goal of which is to ―sustainably reduce global poverty and hunger‖ through inclusive agricultural sector growth and improved nutritional status of women and children. Haiti is one of 20 FTF focus countries worldwide, meaning that it is seen as having substantial potential for agricultural-led growth and that it will be receiving significant resources to help realize this potential. The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor is part of USAID/Haiti’s Feed the Future Program, and as such it will be working closely with USAID’s nutrition activities to ensure that increased productivity and incomes are translated into better health and nutrition. More information, including the FTF Haiti Multi-Year Strategy, can be found at www.feedthefuture.gov.

USAID Forward is an ambitious reform effort to change the way the Agency does business— with new partnerships, an emphasis on innovation and a relentless focus on results. It gives USAID the opportunity to transform its agency and unleash its full potential to achieve high-impact development. Announced by USAID Administrator Dr. Rajiv Shah, USAID Forward is critical to achieving President Obama’s vision of the United States as the global leader in international development. This initiative is an early outcome of the Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR) led by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, and will help modernize and strengthen USAID so that it can meet the most pressing development challenges and work more efficiently towards its ultimate goal—creating the conditions where its work is no longer needed. USAID Forward is a comprehensive package of reforms in seven key areas, the first of which is implementation and procurement reform. USAID will change its business processes—contracting with and providing grants to more and varied local partners, and creating true partnerships to create the conditions where aid is no longer necessary in the countries where the Agency works. To achieve this, USAID is streamlining its processes, increasing the use of small businesses, building metrics into its implementation agreements to achieve capacity building objectives and using host country systems where it makes sense.

http://www.feedthefuture.gov/

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

Such an approach is supported by current efforts to increase the size of USAID procurement and technical staff.

USAID’s Food Security Development Objective Increased Agricultural Income includes four Intermediate Results (IRs):

IR 1: Agricultural Productivity Increased IR 2: Watershed Stability above Selected Plains Improved IR 3: Agricultural Markets Strengthened IR 4: Capacity of Local Organizations Strengthened (Cross-Cutting)

The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor shall contribute directly to each of the above IRs.

USAID/Haiti has two ongoing projects with agriculture development goals similar to the U.S.- Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor but located in other geographical areas:

the Watershed Initiative for National Natural Environment Resources (WINNER) and Development for a Sustainable Environment project (DEED). The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor can leverage experience and new tools from these projects.

C.5.2 OTHER DONORS

The main donor working in agriculture in the Northern Corridor is the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), which is planning activities throughout the Northern Corridor. Close coordination shall be required. The European Union (EU) also has plans for agriculture activities in the region. Additionally, a number of international and local NGOs are present throughout the region.

C.5.3 PROJECT CORE PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABILITY

In accordance with U.S. Government development commitments, including the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the U.S. post-earthquake Haiti strategy, and USAID policies, the project is committed to and seeks to mainstream the following principles:

Country-Led: The project shall align itself with Government of Haiti priorities as articulated in the Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti and the National Agricultural Investment Plan and work in partnership with the GOH during its implementation.

Building Capacity of Local Institutions: The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership:

Northern Corridor shall work to increase the effectiveness and self-sufficiency of Haitian institutions, including government, businesses, and community-based organizations (CBOs), to ensure sustainability after the project ends. Further, in line with current efforts in USAID procurement reform, USAID/Haiti desires to increase contracts and grants to Haitian organizations. Through subcontracts and GUCs, the project shall maximize use of local partners in order to leverage expertise and build long-term capacity to receive direct USAID funding.

Coordinated: The project shall coordinate with and leverage resources of other donors and development projects, the GOH, multilateral organizations, the business community, and civil society.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

Results-Oriented: USAID is committed to doing all it can to achieve project outcomes that are real and tangible to the Haitian people. To help ensure this, project impact shall be measured through rigorous monitoring and evaluation, both by the Contractor and by independent entities. Through comprehensive data collection and analysis, the project shall track progress, learn and make adjustments to improve outcomes, and publish results.

Market- and Demand-Driven: Sustainability of project investments requires buy-in from stakeholders. As such, the project shall ensure that its activities are demand-driven and demonstrably supported by project beneficiaries; one way that beneficiaries can demonstrate support is through contributing their own resources toward project activities. Further, sustainability cannot be achieved without ensuring that activities are linked to viable markets, taking into consideration demand for products, availability of inputs, and the process of getting products to buyers.

Achieving Scale through Demonstration: Drawing upon past agricultural development experience in Haiti, it will not be the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor’s task to fill every dangerous ravine or re-vegetate every public field. An important part of the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor’s task shall be to provide viable, compelling, and innovative models and build the capacity of relevant Haitian institutions to extend those models.

Gender Sensitive: USAID has long recognized that increasing investments in women and girls are more likely to improve household living standards, including nutrition outcomes; this understanding has been built into the structure of the Feed the Future Initiative. In Haiti, women play a large role in the transport, wholesale, and retail of agricultural products. Thus, it is critical that project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation consider the needs of both genders. USAID anticipates that gender issues will be addressed in many of the project activities and will require the Contractor to mainstream gender issues in the design, implementation and evaluation of the program. The Contractor shall develop an approach that clearly demonstrates how program impacts may affect gender relations to ensure that men and women benefit from the program’s activities. Further, the Contractor’s strategy shall address these questions: (1) how will gender relations affect the achievement of sustainable results;

and (2) how will proposed activities affect the relative status of men and women.

Environmentally Aware: The Contractor shall ensure that all project activities are undertaken in accordance with the US Government’s Code of Federal Regulations (22 CFR 216) regarding environmental soundness. The USAID Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) will be responsible for ensuring that the Contractor prepares Environmental Mitigation Plans and Reports (EMPR) and/or Environmental Assessments (EAs) before project implementation as required by the Environmental Threshold Decision/Initial Environmental Examination (ETD/IEE). The partners shall submit an environmental report, using the EMPR table, as part of their annual report. In the case where the activity will be working with sub-awards, the COR will ensure that an IEE amendment is prepared for each sub-award activity that is not included in the associated IEE. The COR will also ensure that an EMPR is prepared for each sub-award activity that will determine the level of environmental documentation and mitigation measures needed. Finally, the Contractor is encouraged to include in implementation, the design of environmentally sound and sustainable production actions such as organic farming, Integrated Pest Management, and no till/low till methods that promote increased agricultural production.

C.5.4 TARGET CROPS

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

In line with the USG’s post-earthquake strategy and the Feed the Future Initiative, the U.S.- Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will focus energies on a limited number of value chains to maximize project impact and number of households reached. These target crops will be maize, rice, and plantain/banana, as well as complimentary investments in beans.

The Contractor shall work to a much lesser extent in support crops that compliment work in the focus crops, for example for the purposes of increasing soil fertility, managing pests, making new investments financially viable, etc. through crop rotation, intercropping, and other relevant practices.

The Contractor shall also work in cocoa, with the vision of doubling export volumes for supported farmers in five years. This work will not be excluded to the strict definition of the target geographic corridor, but rather can extend to all cocoa production areas in northern Haiti. USAID estimates that there are 12,000 to 13,000 farmers cultivating cocoa in this region.

The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will raise export volumes for at least 7,000 of these, though because of the high income potential of cocoa, the Contractor is encouraged to target a higher number.

Of the project budget that is crop-specific, a minimum of 80% shall be invested in focus crops, leaving a maximum 20% to be invested in support crops. Note that target crops do not apply to activities under Intermediate Result 2 (Watershed Stability above Selected Plains Improved).

C.6 RESULTS

In support of the strategies and initiatives discussed above, the Objective of the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor is to increase agricultural incomes in Haiti’s Northern Corridor. Specifically, it will increase incomes for at least 40,000 rural households and increase the export volume for cocoa produced by supported farmers. This Objective is organized into four Intermediate Results and associated sub-results, which are listed below. USAID recognizes that these Intermediate Results and sub-results are interdependent and can be organized differently.

The goal of USAID/Haiti in the Northern Corridor is to double incomes for at least 40,000 rural households and double the export volume for cocoa produced by supported farmers.

This goal will be achieved by Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor and the other USAID projects it supports in Option Years 1 and 2. Targets of the Contractor shall be in line with this broader USAID goal.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

Objective:

Increased Agricultural

Incomes

Intermediate Result 1:

Agricultural

Productivity Increased

Intermediate Result 2:

Watershed Stability above Selected Plains

Improved

Intermediate Result 3:

Agricultural Markets

Strengthened

Sub-Result 1.1:

Availability of

Improved Production

Technologies and

Systems Increased.

Sub-Result 1.2:

Strengthened

Extension of Ag.

Technologies and

Nutrition Information

Sub Result 1.3:

Access to Inputs

Increased

Sub-Result 1.4:

Irrigation Systems

Rehabilitated and

Management

CapacityIncreased

Sub-Result 1.5:

Property Security

Strengthened

Sub-Result 2.1:

Watershed

Governance Bodies

Established at the Sub-

Watershed Level

Sub-Result 2.2:

Critical Slopes

Stabilized through

Public Works

Sub-Result 2.3:

Critical Slopes

Stabilized through

Farmer-Level

Investments

Sub-Result 3.1:

Improved

Transportation

Infrastructure

Sub-Result 3.2:

Improved Access to

Storage and

Processing Facilities

Sub-Result 3.3:

Increased Access to

Financial Products

Sub-Result 3.4:

Improved Market

Information Systems

Sub-Result 3.5:

Relationships in

Targeted Value

Chains Strengthened

Sub-Result 2.4: Crisis

Management Capacity

Strengthened

Intermediate Result 4: Capacity of Local Organizations Strengthened

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

It is not the intent of the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor to use its resources to increase crop yields on every single hectare of irrigated plains, or stabilize every critical hillside or make the majority of upland fields more productive in the targeted watersheds. Ultimately that can only be accomplished through demonstration effects (one farmer, or one community, following the best practices of another) and broad-based investments by the stakeholders. The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor will contribute by demonstrating productivity-enhancing technologies, strengthening necessary institutions, building critical skills, improving markets and marketing information systems and strategically using public works and ―smart subsidies‖ to catalyze local investment. The Contractor shall select sites and partners that will have the best chance to provide the most viable examples of enterprise/economic based interventions while avoiding the creation of project dependencies. The Contractor shall leverage knowledge and expertise from existing institutions (e.g., centers of applied research in Haiti, NGO’s, etc.), both public and private, as well as identify the methods by which supported institutions (if any) may continue operating following the project’s end.

C.6.0 OBJECTIVE: INCREASED AGRICULTURAL INCOMES

C.6.1 INTERMEDIATE RESULT 1: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY INCREASED

C.6.1.1 SUB-RESULT 1.1: KNOWLEDGE AND AVAILABILITY OF IMPROVED

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS INCREASED

Farmers cultivating land in the fertile plains and in the targeted watersheds face multiple technical obstacles to increasing production. These include challenging topography, climatic fluctuations, fragmented and small holdings, and threats of flooding. In addition, small farmers have little margin for loss and will protect against catastrophic losses before maximizing yields.

These difficulties are exacerbated by the fact that Haiti and its various regions are physically unique and lessons from other countries aren’t always applicable.

A broad and creative range of technical solutions have been implemented to varying degrees of success in different parts of the country. Unfortunately, various techniques and systems have not been extensively documented. The Contractor shall identify, document, and make available technologies, inputs and systems that address the production challenges faced by farmers in the targeted areas and strengthen resiliency to natural challenges as well as increase production.

The Contractor shall leverage knowledge and expertise from existing institutions (e.g., centers of applied research in Haiti, NGO’s, etc.), both public and private, as well as identify the methods by which supported institutions (if any) may continue operating following the project’s end.

C.6.1.2 SUB-RESULT 1.2: STRENGTHENED EXTENSION OF AGRICULTURAL

TECHNOLOGIES AND NUTRITION INFORMATION

Making more technologies and systems available (Sub-Result 1.1) is only an initial step. The Contractor shall extend these technologies and systems to farmers throughout the targeted areas. Moreover, the Contractor shall provide technical assistance to sustain institutions that extend the technologies following the end of the project.

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021

With respect to hillside agriculture, the Contractor shall promote a technical approach that improves environmental outcomes (see IR 2) and also increase incomes. With respect to the fertile plains, the Contractor shall promote a technical approach that demonstrates to large landowners with unused arable land how investments in production agriculture can be profitable. The Contract shall promote approaches that can be adopted and adapted by a significant number of non-direct beneficiaries during and after the project. Therefore, the Contractor shall strategically demonstrate and communicate the benefits of new technologies and systems to convince and educate farmers on both the slopes and plains of the targeted areas.

Extension of agricultural techniques and systems also provides an excellent platform for the dissemination of information about proper nutrition. In line with supporting FTF key objectives relating to nutrition, the U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor shall integrate nutrition education with agricultural extension services, focusing on improved nutrition for women and children, particularly pregnant women and children under 2. Tools have been developed by USAID and the Ministry of Health that will be used for this purpose.

The Ministry of Agriculture, through its regional (department-level) and municipal (commune-level) offices, has historically been the provider of agriculture education and extension services. However, the capacity of the Ministry to deliver these services over the last few decades has decreased considerably, and now extension services—where available—are provided by a wide number of actors, including local and international NGOs and civil society organizations. There is currently an effort initiated by USAID, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the World Bank, and the IDB to rebuild the GOH’s agricultural education and extension system. The Contractor shall coordinate with other relevant actors as necessary.

C.6.1.3 SUB-RESULT 1.3: ACCESS TO INPUTS INCREASED

Access to improved technologies and technical assistance (the above sub-results) will have a beneficial impact on productivity in and of themselves, but, in some cases, optimal yields will not be attained unless a consistent supply of affordable, appropriate and high quality inputs are available. The Contractor shall implement a sustainable, market-driven approach for delivering improved seeds, fertilizers (organic or inorganic) and pesticides (including Integrated Pest Management (IPM) where appropriate) to farmers and/or farmer associations. USAID’s environmental guidelines promote the use of IPM, organic fertilizer, and no/low till farming methods. Nevertheless, the Intermediate Result of increasing agricultural productivity remains paramount. Further, while initial subsidies may be utilized as a means to reduce risks to farmers as they gain trust and confidence in inputs, the Contractor shall develop a clear and actionable plan to transition rapidly to a market-driven approach.

Currently, input subsidies are a part of the Ministry of Agriculture’s national policy. However, the Ministry of Agriculture has indicated that they will seek to phase out subsidies over several years. The Contractor shall coordinate with the Ministry as needed.

C.6.1.4 SUB-RESULT 1.4: IRRIGATION SYSTEMS CONSTRUCTED/REHABILITATED AND

MANAGEMENT CAPACITY OF USERS INCREASED

The Contractor shall construct and rehabilitate primary, secondary, and tertiary irrigation systems. Lack of irrigation is seen as one of the primary constraints to agricultural productivity, and in many cases irrigation systems exist but have fallen into disrepair. As a result, the Contractor shall adopt an ambitious approach to provide sustainable irrigation to a large

U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor SOL-521-12-000021 number of farming households. Given the cost of building and rebuilding irrigation systems, the project shall finance—at least in part—initial investments. Contributions—either in cash or in kind—by benefitting communities/organizations are welcome signs of project buy-in.

For substantial (as determined by the COR) irrigation infrastructure investments, unit price and economic analysis (cost-benefit analysis and beneficiary analysis) shall be undertaken and approved by the COR before any investment is made. (See Section C.6.3.1 for more information.)

The U.S.-Haiti Feed the Future Partnership: Northern Corridor shall assist irrigation user groups and other stakeholders to adopt a market-driven approach to managing these new or rebuilt systems and assume responsibility for the costs of operation, management and maintenance. The Contractor shall strengthen the capacity of user groups to analyze, develop a business plan, implement the plan and pay for operational and recurring costs of irrigation systems. The Contractor shall also provide a timeline for the transfer of financial and managerial responsibility.

Currently, the Ministry of Agriculture has partial responsibility for irrigation infrastructure. Given the Ministry’s lack of resources, the Contractor shall ensure that the lack of resources does not hinder operations and maintenance and shall work alongside and reinforce the capacities of the Ministry where appropriate.

Since the irrigation systems can and likely will be threatened by floods that start upstream in the watershed, the Contractor shall find sustainable solutions to mitigate those threats that have been specifically identified as potentially damaging to the planned irrigation investments.

C.6.1.5 SUB-RESULT 1.5: PROPERTY SECURITY STRENGTHENED

Land tenure is a major challenge in Haiti. In general there are three prevailing forms of land tenancy: ownership, lease/sublease, and sharecropping. National government policies on property rights need to be reformed, strengthened, and enforced, and this needs to be done in a transparent and fair manner. This country-level issue is currently addressed by other donors (such as the IDB) and will be a focus of USAID’s Democracy and Governance Program.

Within the context of these policy and institutional constraints at the national level, the contractor shall seek ways to increase land and crop security in the targeted regions for both land owners and land users. For example, USAID/Haiti has had success in the past encouraging large absentee land owners in the plains to allow cultivation of their unused land by farmers previously planting on marginalized slopes. Such a relationship can assure landowners a reliable tenant (as opposed to possible squatters) while giving poor farmers access to secure, productive land.