RFI_Attachment_B_Requirements_1.pdf

LSDS-2417

Version 1.0

Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

Landsat 10 (L10)/Landsat Ground Ops Tri-Band Antenna Requirements

Version 1.0

May 2026

DOIGFBO260032

RFI ATTACHMENT B REQUIREMENTS

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Landsat 10 (L10)/Landsat Ops Tri-Band Antenna Requirements

April 2026

Prepared By:

G.R. Mah Date Landsat 10 Mission Engineer U.S. Geological Survey

Approved By:

Brian Sauer Date Landsat 10 Project Manager and New Missions Branch Chief

Approved By:

Joseph Blahovec Date Satellite and Ground Systems Operations Branch Chief

EROS

Sioux Falls, South Dakota

GRANT

MAH

Digitally signed by

GRANT MAH

Date: 2026.06.03 08:35:33 -05'00'

BRIAN SAUER

Digitally signed by BRIAN

SAUER

Date: 2026.06.03 15:58:41 -05'00'

JOSEPH

BLAHOVEC

Digitally signed by JOSEPH BLAHOVEC Date: 2026.06.09 11:10:27 -05'00'

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Executive Summary

This document specifies the requirements for the Landsat tri-band antenna (system), to be located at the USGS center for Earth Resources and Science (EROS). The antenna provides S-Band receive and transmit capabilities, and dual-polarization (dual-pol) reception of X-Band and Ka-Band (25.5-27.0 GHz band for earth science satellite downlinks). The requirements also cover associated electronics, civil works, electrical and signal routing, and the radome.

Landsat represents the world’s longest continuously acquired collection of space-based moderate-resolution land remote-sensing data. The program’s imagery provides a unique resource for those who work in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global change research. Landsat images are also invaluable for emergency response and disaster relief.

This document is under the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat Next (LNext) Project Configuration Control Board (CCB) control. Please submit changes to this document, as well as supportive material justifying the proposed changes, via a Change Request (CR) to the Configuration Management (CM) tracking tool. Note that the requirements are identified by section headers, so any new requirements should be added at the end of a section, not inserted in the middle (so it does not renumber the requirement IDs (section numbers).

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Document History

Document Number

Document Version

Publication Date

Change Number

LSDS-2417 1.0 May 2026

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Contents

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... iii Document History ........................................................................................................ iv Contents ......................................................................................................................... v List of Figures .............................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................ vi Section 1 Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Scope

1.4 References

1.4.1 Applicable Documents

1.4.2 Reference Documents

Section 2 L10 Overview

2.1 Mission Statement

2.2 Summary

2.3 Objectives

Section 3 Functional and Performance Requirements

3.1 Definitions

3.2 Antenna System Functional

3.3 Antenna System Radio Frequency (RF) Performance

3.4 Fiberoptic Signal Links

3.5 Boresight/Collimation Source

3.6 Antenna Controller and User Interface

3.7 Civil Works

3.8 Main Power and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

3.9 Radome

Section 4 Interface Requirements

4.1 S-Band Uplink (Transmit)

4.2 S-Band Downlink (Receive)

4.3 X-Band Downlink (Receive)

4.4 Ka-Band Downlink (Receive)

4.5 Status and Control

4.6 Power

4.7 Environmental Requirements

Appendix A Acronyms

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List of Figures

Figure 3-1. Notional Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Block Diagram Figure 3-2. Notional Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Civil Works

List of Tables

Table 1-1. Applicable Documents Table 1-2. Reference Documents

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Section 1 Introduction

1.1 Background

The Landsat 10 (L10) mission is a component of the Sustainable Land Imaging (SLI) Program conducted jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the Department of the Interior (DOI).

L10 was conceived as a follow-on mission to the highly successful Landsat series of missions that have provided satellite coverage of Earth’s continental surfaces since the launch of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS, later renamed Landsat 1) in 1972. The Landsat data archive constitutes the longest continuous moderate-resolution record of the global land surface as viewed from space. L10 is intended to ensure that Landsat-like data be provided to the USGS National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive (NSLRSDA) for a period of not less than five years.

1.2 Purpose

This document provides the functional, performance, and interface requirements for the Landsat tri-band antenna system, associated equipment, civil works, and radome.

1.3 Scope

This document defines the requirements for the following:

Antenna System Antenna pedestal and reflector structure Low noise amplifiers (LNAs) for tracking and data reception High power amplifier (HPA) Positioner motors Servo drive amplifiers for positioner motors Cabling and signal routing for the antenna system

Associated Equipment Fiberoptic signal links and associated patching/access Ka-Band downconverters (D/Cs) Tracking receivers Antenna controller (microcontroller) Antenna controller graphical user interface (GUI) – Operator interface located in computer room/ops room Controller software and applications

Civil Works Antenna foundation Antenna pad (concrete pad surrounding the antenna foundation) Ring wall for radome (if needed) Asphalt pad (ring surrounding antenna pad for parking and service access) Power, signal and communications routing (including additional conduits and buried connections, as needed) Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

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Power routing and switching (to connect antenna and UPS into main facility power)

Radome Radome structure/panels Environmental control equipment (HVAC) Servicing platform (if appropriate)

Note that this is not a fully inclusive list of all equipment and components, and may vary depending upon specific antenna design implementation.

1.4 References

1.4.1 Applicable Documents

The documents in Table 1-1 are considered to form a part of this document.

Document Number Document Title

LSDS-2418 Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Statement of Work (SOW) TBD Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Statement of Need (SON) TBD Antenna site survey diagrams

JM060424 EROS Buckets - Original Version | UM8-00013254

Table 1-1. Applicable Documents

1.4.2 Reference Documents

The documents in Table 1-2 provide additional background and context for this document.

Document Number Document Title LNEXT-SYS-PLAN-0007 Landsat Next/Landsat 10 Mission Operations Concept

L10-SC-ICD-0007 Landsat Next/Landsat 10 Spacecraft to Ground Interface Requirements Document (SC-GND IRD)

LNEXT-10-DESC-0006 Landsat 10 Common Acronyms List L10-SYS-DESC-0004 Landsat 10 Common Lexicon

Table 1-2. Reference Documents

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Section 2 L10 Overview

2.1 Mission Statement

L10 will continue the acquisition, archive, and distribution of multi-spectral imagery affording global, synoptic, and repetitive coverage of Earth's land surfaces at a scale where natural and human-induced changes can be detected, differentiated, characterized, and monitored over time.

2.2 Summary

The L10 mission is in keeping with the Landsat programmatic goals stated in the Commercial Space Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-303) and the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-555), which require the Landsat program to provide future data that are consistent with previous Landsat data, allowing the detection and quantitative characterization of changes in or on Earth’s land surfaces.

L10 continues the long-running partnership of NASA and USGS, with NASA providing the Space and Launch segments and USGS providing the Ground System and Mission Operations. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) will provide overall LNext/L10 mission project management, mission system engineering, and mission assurance during development. NASA will transition the mission to USGS following on-orbit commissioning for long-term operations.

2.3 Objectives

L10 has these major mission objectives:

Collect and archive moderate resolution multi-spectral image data and thermal image data, affording seasonal coverage of the global landmass for a continuous period of not less than five (5) years.

Ensure that L10 data are sufficiently consistent with data from the earlier Landsat missions in terms of relative acquisition geometry, calibration, coverage characteristics, spectral characteristics, output product quality, and data availability to permit studies of land cover and land use change over multi-decadal periods.

Ensure L10 is responsive to critical emerging user needs and applications as characterized by periodic assessment, currently the User Needs for the Sustainable Land Imaging Program July 2018, Release 2.0, and identified by the operational requirements for collection, processing, archiving, and distribution of land surface data to the U.S. Government and other users.

Distribute L10 data products to the public on a nondiscriminatory basis.

For detailed information on the L10 mission overview and architecture, and operations concepts, reference the LNEXT-SYS-PLAN-0007 Landsat 10 Mission Operations Concept document.

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Section 3 Functional and Performance Requirements

3.1 Definitions

The following conventions will be used in this document:

Shall (Directive) – Compliance by the vendor is mandatory. Any deviations from these contractually imposed mandatory requirements require the approval of the contracting officer.

May (Permissive) – Allows an option for compliance at the discretion of the vendor or the government

Will (Informative) – Designates the intent of the government. Unless required by other contract provisions, noncompliance with a “will” requirement does not require approval of the contracting officer and does not require documented technical substantiation.

Should (Advisory) – Gives guidance to the vendor for use in the performance of the contract

Must (Advisory) – Notifies the vendor of important relevant conditions that may be outside the context of the contract

GFE (Government-Furnished Equipment) – Equipment, hardware (H/W), or software (S/W) provided by the government to be used with the Landsat tri-band antenna system; Mostly consists of equipment already in place at the facility; Any GFE required for antenna system integration and test will be provided as needed by the antenna schedule, per mutual agreement between the vendor and the government

Additional terminology used in the document includes:

Pass (Contact) – The period of time when the antenna is scheduled for a communication event with a satellite. The terms “pass” and “contact” are used interchangeably within this document.

Pre-Pass – The period of time prior to the acquisition of signal (AOS) used by the antenna for setup (e.g. – equipment configuration, slewing to expected location of the satellite at the start of the contact, etc.). Activities from other (prior) passes cannot take place during this time.

Post-Pass – The period of time following the loss of signal (LOS) for the antenna to deconfigure from the pass event, may include slewing to return to a nominal starting position (i.e. – “bird bath” 90° elevation at 0° azimuth, etc.). Activities from other (subsequent) passes cannot take place during this time.

Autotrack – Use of the received Radio Frequency (RF) signal to control the pointing and movement of the antenna to seek the strongest signal strength

Program Track – Movement of the antenna will controlled by ephemeris provided for a satellite that the antenna controller uses to calculate the predicted location of the satellite at various points during the contact

Ephemeris – Orbital elements that define the parameters of a satellite’s orbital path, e.g. – Two-Line Elements (TLE), Improved Inter-Range Vector (IIRV), etc.

TBS (To be Supplied) – A value or parameter has not yet been defined and will be provided in a subsequent release

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TBD (To be Determined) – The value or parameter may be revised in a subsequent release. May also be used for a parameter of value that is TBC (To be Confirmed).

Dual-pol – Dual-polarization reception of simultaneous right hand and left hand circularly polarized signals for spectral reuse and increased channel capacity IF (Intermediate Frequency) – The native input frequency of the wideband demods; Used to transfer Ka-Band signals from the antenna to equipment located in the main USGS/EROS facility BER (Bit-Error Rate) – A measure of (end-to-end) link and system performance

In addition to the requirements, rationale statements are also included where appropriate, to provide context and additional information about the requirement, or how the requirement is to be interpreted. Rationale statements are informational

A notional block diagram of the antenna system (boresight not included, not all GFE included) is shown in figure 3-1 below:

Figure 3-1. Notional Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Block Diagram

3.2 Antenna System Functional

3.2.1 The antenna shall have an aperture of:

7.3m TBD 9m TBD 10m TBD

) g

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Rationale: The antenna size is determined by the option selected at contract award

TBD

3.2.2 The antenna shall track an S-Band receive signal

3.2.3 The antenna shall track an X-Band receive signal

3.2.4 The antenna shall track a Ka-Band receive signal

3.2.5 The antenna shall simultaneously receive right hand and left hand circularly polarized (RHCP, LHCP) signals for diversity reception and dual-pol data downlinks (D/Ls)

3.2.6 The antenna shall simultaneously receive and transmit S-Band signals, while receiving an X- or Ka-Band data D/L (single or dual-pol)

3.2.7 The antenna shall be selectable to any of the following operational modes:

S-Band receive (selectable polarization) S-Band receive and transmit (polarization independently selectable for each) X-Band receive (single- or dual-polarization) Simultaneous S-Band receive (selectable polarization) with X-Band receive

(single-or dual-polarization) Simultaneous S-Band receive (selectable polarization) and transmit

(independently selectable polarization) with X-Band receive (single-or dual-polarization)

Ka-Band receive (single- or dual-polarization) Simultaneous S-Band receive (selectable polarization) with Ka-Band receive

(single-or dual-polarization) Simultaneous S-Band receive (selectable polarization) and transmit

(independently selectable polarization) with Ka-Band receive (single-or dual-polarization)

3.2.8 The antenna shall consider both RHCP and LHCP received signals for autotracking Rationale: The antenna will use diversity reception using both polarizations for improved tracking of signals that may have random phase shifts (rotation) introduced by the D/L path

3.2.9 The antenna shall automatically switch tracking priority from program track to S- Band track, and then X- or Ka-Band track, as a higher frequency signal is received and the antenna elevation angle rises above the ground clutter Rationale: The antenna will improve pointing accuracy when a higher frequency signal is received to “peak up” on. The antenna will also revert to use of a lower frequency signal (or program track) when a suitable RF signal is not present, e.g. – revert back from X- or Ka-Band tracking to S-Band tracking once the X- or Ka-Band signal goes

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LOS towards the end of the pass or if there is an X- or Ka-Band signal dropout of sufficient duration).

3.2.10 The antenna shall program track when a suitable RF signal is not present, and the antenna is scheduled to take a pass

3.2.11 The antenna shall be configurable to disregard received RF signals for tracking, and use program track mode for all or a portion of a contact Rationale: There are some off-nominal situations where use of program track is required. This may be for the entire contact or be switched from autotrack to program track in the middle of the pass as part of a contingency or recovery procedure.

3.2.12 The antenna shall log pointing angles during the course of a contact, including at a minimum, the following parameters, per time step:

Commanded angle Actual antenna angle (antenna Az/El position, and third axis if applicable) Track Mode (e.g. – program, S-Band autotrack, etc.)

Data signal(s) received signal strength Track signals received signal strength Tracking error

TBD

Rationale: Angle tracking data can be used to perform orbit determinations if onboard navigation data is unavailable or corrupted. Angle files are also a useful tool for troubleshooting and investigations.

3.2.13 The antenna shall have a programmable transmit mask that prevents transmissions below a user-configurable value Rationale: Notionally 3°, with a notch for the water tower and other antennas at the site

3.2.14 The antenna shall have a lockout mechanism that prevents transmission whenever the antenna, radome or pedestal door are open Rationale: Radiation safety for staff working at the antenna site

3.2.15 The antenna shall have a local run/safe switch that provides a lockout (tagout) mechanism to prevent antenna motion, located in an easy to access location (e.g. – on the outside base of the pedestal, etc.)

Rationale: This will prevent unexpected antenna movement of the antenna when performing maintenance activities

3.2.16 The transmit polarization shall be user-configurable between right circular (RHCP) and left hand circular (LHCP) Rationale: The antenna will only transmit on a single polarization at a time

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3.2.17 The antenna shall have remote monitoring of forward and reverse power on the high power amplifier

3.2.18 The antenna shall receive an S-Band D/L signal in the 2200-2290 MHz band while simultaneously transmitting in the 2025-2108 MHz U/L band, and receiving an X-or Ka-Band D/L

3.2.19 The antenna shall receive X-Band signals in the 7900-8500 MHz band TBD Rationale: Allows reception of D/Ls for both earth remote sensing missions and NOAA weather missions

3.2.20 The antenna shall receive Ka-Band signals in the 25.5-27.0 GHz range

3.2.21 The S-, X- and Ka-Band tracking channels shall be capable of autotracking signals that use any of the following modulation schemes: PCM, PSK, PM, OQPSK, SQPSK, 8-PSK, 8-PSK DVB-S2, QPSK, BPSK, and CW

3.2.22 The antenna system shall have a beam radial error no greater than .01 degrees RMS while in Ka-Band autotrack Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.23 The antenna shall have a beam radial error no greater than .05 degrees RMS while in X- Band autotrack Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.24 The antenna shall have a beam radial error no greater than .3 degrees RMS while in S-Band autotrack Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.25 The antenna S- and Ka-Band data channel boresights shall be aligned to within .035 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.26 The antenna S- and Ka-Band tracking channel boresights shall be aligned to within .035 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.27 The antenna system Ka-Band data channel and tracking channel boresights shall be aligned to within .01 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.28 The antenna S- and X-Band data channel boresights shall be aligned to within .10 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

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3.2.29 The antenna S- and X-Band tracking channel boresights shall be aligned to within .10 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.30 The antenna X-band data link and X-band tracking channel boresights shall be aligned to within .04 degrees of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.2.31 The antenna shall be selectable to receive signals in either the X or Ka receive bands

3.2.32 The antenna shall not utilize a mechanical switching mechanism to switch between X- and Ka-Band signal reception Rationale: A mechanical system has additional complexity, potential issues with maintaining alignment over repeated operation, imposes constraints on turnaround time between contacts, and likely will have a lower reliability than a system without any significant moving parts

3.2.33 The antenna shall provide a means to control the antenna position and configuration at the antenna site, in addition to control from the main console in ops room Rationale: Staff working at the antenna site for maintenance or troubleshooting will need to move the antenna without relying on staff inside the ops room

3.2.34 The antenna shall have a slew rate of 8 TBD deg/sec or better between any two locations within its field of regard Rationale: Slew to move the antenna to a starting AOS position from either an idle position (e.g. – “birdbath”) or the ending position at the LOS for the previous contact

3.2.35 The antenna shall be designed to continuously track though any “keyhole” location Rationale: Antenna design should incorporate measures (e.g. – third axis, XY drive, etc.) to prevent a singularity (i.e. – notch at 90° elevation, etc.) that will prevent continuous tracking of a satellite

3.2.36 The antenna shall have dual-drive positioner motors to minimize backlash in positioning commands

3.2.37 The antenna shall have a jitter of ≤ TBS

Rationale: Sufficient tracking stability to remain centered on a Ka-Band D/L with minimal signal degradation or amplitude variation

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3.2.38 For all axes, the antenna system shall have stow pins that are electrically sensed when the stow pins are inserted

3.2.39 Stow Pins shall be interlocked to prevent damage to the antenna

3.2.40 The antenna will have an idle (stow) position of 90° elevation at 0° azimuth (zenith-pointing or “birdbath”)

3.2.41 The antenna shall incorporate software limits to prevent motion (rotation) of the antenna beyond a user-configurable limit Rationale: Prevents overextension of any cable wrap or positioning to an unsafe position

3.2.42 The antenna shall incorporate hardware limits to prevent physical movement of the antenna beyond the set limits Rationale: Hardware limits are set beyond software limits, and serve as a final limit to prevent damage to the antenna or associated systems in the event of a failure or anomaly

3.2.43 The antenna shall be able to operate with a failed positioner motor Rationale: To operate with reduced performance in the event of a contingency, or to position the antenna to a specific location for maintenance/repair or troubleshooting

3.2.44 The antenna shall provide a loopback test path where an attenuated version of the U/L signa can be injected into the D/L path ahead of the LNAs for testing Rationale: Long loop testing is performed to verify antenna performance when developing new satellite missions

3.2.45 The antenna loopback path shall support signals in either the 2025-2108 MHz U/L band or 2200-2290 MHz D/L band Rationale: Allows for testing of either the U/L path (D/L path is used for a test RX), or D/L path (U/L path is used to inject a test signal)

3.2.46 The antenna shall have an S-Band test injection port that allows introduction of a test signal in front of the LNAs

3.2.47 The antenna shall have full-bandwidth test injection ports that allow introduction of a test signal in front of the X-Band LNAs, one for each polarization, usable simultaneously Rationale: Support for testing of missions that use dual-pol D/Ls with signals that could occupy the full X-Band receive bandpass

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3.2.48 The antenna shall have full-Bandwidth test injection ports that allow introduction of a test signal in front of the Ka-Band LNAs, one for each polarization, usable simultaneously Rationale: Support for testing of mission that use dual-pol D/Ls with signals that could occupy the full 25.5-27.0 GHz band

3.2.49 All test injection ports shall be in a location that allows their use while the antenna is in motion Rationale: Allows for simulation of a pass event with a test D/L signal and antenna motion driven by the antenna controller. This also allows easy access for testing.

3.2.50 The antenna shall have a run/safe switch inside the radome or on the antenna at an accessible location, to prevent antenna motion while staff are performing maintenance

3.3 Antenna System Radio Frequency (RF) Performance

RF performance parameters are developed from the Space-to-Ground interface requirements for the Landsat 8 (L8), Landsat 9 (L9), and Landsat 10 (L10) missions.

Note that these documents are restricted by international trafficking in arms regulations (ITAR) and copies cannot be released to antenna vendors. All relevant information has been incorporated into the Landsat tri-band antenna requirements (this document).

3.3.1 The antenna shall have an S-Band EIRP of 54 dBW for U/L signals in the 2025- 2108 MHz S-Band transmit band

3.3.2 The transmit power shall be adjustable in 1 dB increments over a range of at least 21 dB Rationale: Assuming a 200W transmit power, this allows output power adjustment from full power, down to approximately 1.5W for testing

3.3.3 The S-Band transmit signal shall have a 2025-2108 MHz transmit passband amplitude flatness of 1 dB TBD

3.3.4 Any interfering power coupled into the S-band receive path from S-band transmissions of a BPSK-modulated signal at 200 Kbits/sec at the required EIRP, shall be at least -10 dBc down from the signal power received from a -182.4 dBmi downlink power density within a 10 kHz bandwidth Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.5 Spurious emissions shall be ≤ -60 dBc

Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.6 Carrier harmonics shall be ≤ -60 dBc

Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

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3.3.7 The antenna shall have an S-Band G/T of:

7.3m aperture 19 dB/K 9m aperture 20 dB/K 10m aperture 21 dB/K At an elevation of 5°

Rationale: This is performance without radome degradation or atmospheric effects. G/T will be measured clear-sky. The antenna size is determined by the option selected at contract award TBD.

3.3.8 The antenna shall have an X-Band G/T of:

7.3m aperture 29 dB/K 9m aperture 31 dB/K 10m aperture 32 dB/K At an elevation of 5°

Rationale: This is performance without radome degradation or atmospheric effects. G/T will be measured clear-sky. The antenna size is determined by the option selected at contract award TBD.

3.3.9 The antenna shall have a Ka-Band G/T of:

7.3m aperture 37.5 dB/K 9m aperture 40 dB/K 10m aperture 41 dB/K At an elevation of 10°

Rationale: This is performance without radome degradation or atmospheric effects. G/T will be measured clear-sky. The antenna size is determined by the option selected at contract award TBD.

3.3.10 The antenna shall have an S-Band axial ratio of 1.5 dB Rationale: Per table SC-GND-104 in the Landsat 9 Space-to-Ground-ICD (6515- ICD23504, Rev D)

3.3.11 The antenna shall have an X-Band axial ratio of 1.0 dB Rationale: Per table SC-GND-106 in the Landsat 9 Space-to-Ground-ICD (6515- ICD23504, Rev D)

3.3.12 The antenna shall have a Ka-Band axial ratio of 1.0 dB Rationale: Per L10 Spacecraft to Ground Interface Requirements Document (SC-GND IRD) Rev C (L10-SC-ICD-0007)

3.3.13 The antenna shall have a minimum cross polarization isolation of 24.0 dB for Ka-band and X-Band Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

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3.3.14 Receive data channels shall implement filtering with out-of-band rejection of at least -50 dBc Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.15 Front-end data LNAs shall have output 1 dB compression points of at least 15 dBm Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.16 Front-end tracking LNAs in the tracking paths shall have output 1 dB compression points of 15 dBm minimum Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.17 The antenna shall have a gain flatness of 1 dB across the 2200-2290 MHz S- Band receive bandpass

3.3.18 The antenna shall have a gain flatness of 1 dB across the 7900-8500 MHz TBD X-Band receive bandpass Rationale: Excessive tilt over the receive band impacts bit-error rate (BER) performance

3.3.19 The antenna shall have a gain flatness of 1 dB TBD across the 25.5-27.0 GHz Ka-Band receive bandpass Rationale: Excessive tilt over the receive band impacts bit-error rate (BER) performance

3.3.20 The Ka-band receive data channel group delay variation shall not exceed .75 nsec peak to peak over the required 1.5 GHz bandwidth Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.21 The Ka-band receive data channel group delay variation shall be ≤ 1 nsec TBD peak to peak over the required 7900-8500 MHz bandwidth Rationale: Google AI recommendation pending input from NASA

3.3.22 RHCP and LHCP receive channel RF path delays shall be within ± 2 ns of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.23 RHCP and LHCP receive channels shall be amplitude balanced to within ± 1.0 dB of each other Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.24 The antenna shall have a dynamic range of 50 dB for data reception Rationale: Measured from the zero-signal noise floor to the peak of a received signal without saturating the input path or causing distortion

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3.3.25 The antenna shall have a tracking dynamic range of at least 70 dB Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.26 The antenna shall be capable of autotracking S-Band signals with a received signal power density from -216 to -146 dBmi/Hz Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.27 The antenna shall be capable of autotracking X-Band signals with a received signal power density from -221 to -151 dBmi/Hz Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.28 The antenna shall be capable of autotracking Ka-Band signals with a received signal power density from -229 to -159 dBmi/Hz Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.29 Down conversions shall be non-inverting

Rationale: To ensure proper spectral phasing for demodulation; Also derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.30 The S, X and Ka-Band antenna sidelobe levels shall be at least 15 dB down from the main beam peaks Rationale: Derived from NASA NIKA antenna requirements

3.3.31 All parameters and specifications shall be met with the radome installed, unless otherwise noted

3.3.32 The antenna shall have an availability of .9999 for S-Band services, X-Band reception, and Ka-Band reception Rationale: This covers operation of the antenna in any of the specified modes (i.e. – S- Band only, S-/X-Band or S-/Ka-Band).This value is commensurate with the currently installed antennas, and supports a ground network (GN) element availability of 99.9% for telemetry and command (T&C) services and 99% for data reception services.

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3.4 Fiberoptic Signal Links

3.4.1 Fiberoptic signal links shall be used to transmit received S-Band signals from the antenna to the main facility computer room

3.4.2 Fiberoptic signal links shall be used to transmit S-Band U/L signals from the main facility computer room to the antenna

3.4.3 The S-Band fiberoptic links shall operate at the S-Band receive and transmit frequencies

3.4.4 Fiberoptic links shall transmit simultaneous dual-pol signals Rationale: Two fiberoptic links will be needed for all the receive paths (S/X/Ka, one per polarization) and one link will be needed for the S-Band transmit path, assuming selection of the U/L polarization is done via a switch at the input to the antenna

3.4.5 Fiberoptic links shall operate over the full bandpass of the link they are carrying

3.4.6 RF performance measurements shall incorporate any artifacts and degradation associated with the fiberoptic link, for purposes of requirements verification

3.4.7 The output at the fiberoptic receiver for data channel links shall be from 0 to -50 dBm, after all processing and conversion (LNAs, D/Cs if appropriate, fiberoptic RXs and TXs, cabling, driver amps, etc.)

Rationale: Matches the dynamic range and input specifications for demods and TLM RXs

3.4.8 The input to the S-Band fiberoptic TX for the S-Band U/L shall be +10 to -20 dBm

TBR

Rationale: Signal power needed from the exciter to drive the high-power U/L amplifier (HPA) to meet the required EIRP. The U/L path from the fiberoptic TX forward includes any driver amps or attenuators needed to adjust the power balance of the system for proper HPA drive, and the allow for adjustment of the U/L EIRP to meet the dynamic range requirement.

3.4.9 Fiberoptic links shall incorporate a single fiber run from the antenna to a patchbay located in the computer room Rationale: A single fiber bundle will be used to transfer signals between the antenna and the computer room, with the bundle being terminated in the computer room without additional patching or splicing. The bundle will be terminated at a patchbay, which is then connected to the fiberoptic RX or TX. This minimizes transitions which degrade signal quality and RF performance.

3.4.10 Fiberopric cabling shall be plenum rated

Rationale: To allow for a single fiber bundle to be run from the antenna into the computer room, without the need to switch to a separate plenum rated fiber bundle for routing inside the building

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3.4.11 All connections in the antenna fiber run shall be fusion-spliced Rationale: For terminations at either end of the fiber run, if using pre-terminated fiber pigtails. It is not expected that there will be any other connections needed with a single fiber run from the antenna to the computer room in the main USGS/EROS building.

3.4.12 All fiber terminations shall be APC angle-polished

Rationale: To minimize RF artifacts

3.4.13 RF fiberoptic links shall utilize single-mode fiber

3.4.14 The fiber optic links shall be compatible and interchangeable with Narda/Miteq OCCT-95012750-1 and OCCR-95012750-1 (.95 to 12.75 GHz) Rationale: Using compatible and interchangeable equipment as the currently installed (GFE) will make maintenance and sparing easier. The same model of fiberoptics covers the entire Ka-Band IF, S-, and X-Bands (.95-12.75 GHz).

3.4.15 Connectivity for control signals and status between the antenna equipment and equipment in the computer room shall be run over fiberoptic connections Rationale: This would cover signals such as network connectivity between the antenna controller and antenna electronics, remote monitoring, video from the antenna and radome, etc. It is anticipated that multi-mode fiber will be used for these signals. A single fiber bundle containing both multi-mode and single-mode fibers should be used for the run between the antenna and the building.

3.4.16 The fiberoptics link shall provide at least eight (8) spare unused fiber strands to allow for expansion and replacements

3.4.17 The fiberoptics link shall provide three (3) fiber strands for connectivity of GFE between the main building and the antenna Rationale: Allows for extension of the EROS LAN into the antenna and radome for use by maintenance and test personnel, as well as connection of test equipment to antenna for remote operation by staff in the computer room (e.g. – a spectrum analyzer operating at X- or Ka-Band that is connected to an antenna test port, etc.)

3.5 Boresight/Collimation Source

3.5.1 The antenna system shall include a boresight test source/collimation tower (referred to in subsequent verbiage as the “boresight”), to support free-space RF testing of the Landsat tri-band antenna Rationale: Ideally all active components would be located at the base of boresight/collimation tower for easy access and maintenance

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3.5.2 The boresight shall generate a modulated or CW S-Band signal in the antenna receive band of 2200-2290 MHz

3.5.3 The boresight shall generate a modulated or CW X-Band signal in the antenna receive band of 7900-8500 MHz

3.5.4 The boresight shall generate a modulated Ka-Band signal in the antenna receive band of 25.5-27.0 GHz

3.5.5 The boresight shall simultaneously transmit an S-Band and X- or Ka-Band test signal Rationale: Simulates a routine contact with S and X or S and Ka services

3.5.6 The boresight shall be switchable to transmit either an X-Band or Ka-Band signal, in addition to an S-Band signal

3.5.7 The boresight shall be user-configurable to transmit a signal in only a single band Rationale: Supports antenna testing of specific signal flow paths and tracking capabilities in S-, X-, or Ka-Band

3.5.8 The boresight shall be capable of measuring antenna performance per the previously stated requirements Rationale: Allows snap-on testing and checking of collimation between bands. The boresight/collimation source will be positioned and have sufficient colocation of sources to support this testing.

3.5.9 The antenna shall provide a fiberoptic connection between the boresight and a modulating source in the main facility computer room, compatible with the existing fiberoptics installed at USGS/EROS, Narda/Miteq OCCT-95012750-1 and OCCR- 95012750-1 (.95 to 12.75 GHz) Rationale: GFE will be used to generate the modulated signal for the boresight. The CW signal may be generated internally by the boresight or by the GFE. Use of the same equipment provides for commonality and sparing.

3.5.10 The boresight location shall be free of any interfering reflections or obstructions from any structure it is mounted on Rationale: The boresight needs to have weather resistant (all-weather) RF absorption material installed or be positioned such that any reflections do not interfere with the signal generated by the boresight

3.5.11 The boresight shall be placed in a location that has unobstructed line-of-sight to the Landsat tri-band antenna Rationale: This will ensure the boresight can be used without regard to the position of other antennas at the USGS/EROS facility. Ideally, the boresight could support other antennas at the facility. The current antenna installation has a boresight source located on top of the EROS water tower, that could be modified for use with the Landsat tri-

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band antenna (note that any new equipment would need to be seen by the antenna over the obstruction of the current 10m antenna, as well as elevated high enough that there are not any degrading reflections from the water tower structure). Alternatively, a new boresight/collimation tower could be located near the main entrance as there are existing utilities runs to the guard shack at the main gate.

3.6 Antenna Controller and User Interface

3.6.1 The antenna shall have a (graphical) user interface that displays the following status, at a minimum:

Satellite being tracked Ephemeris being used Tracking parameters, e.g. – signal strength, track mode, track error, etc.

Antenna operations mode Transmitter (HPA) configuration and status (off, standby, on, etc.)

Transmitter forward and reflected power Receive signal/power level Antenna configuration, e.g. – frequency(s), signal path, polarization for U/L and

D/L, loopback/test inject on/off, etc.

Antenna tracking angles Logging information Satellite tracking queue

3.6.2 The antenna shall have at least 99 TBD user-configurable presets for different satellites and operating modes that cover the following parameters, at a minimum:

Satellite (to be tracked) Ephemeris Tracking mode Antenna setup and configuration Masking zones

3.6.3 The antenna shall provide easy creation or deletion of antenna configuration settings (mission profiles) Rationale: During development multiple test profiles may be created which need to be deleted once they are no longer needed. The antenna controller GUI will provide a tool or capability to easily create, edit, save, or delete configuration settings (profiles).

3.6.4 The antenna shall allow editing of existing configurations without deleting and reloading the configuration Rationale: Allows for generation of test configurations during development that can be easily converted to the operational settings once a S/C has been launched

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3.6.5 The antenna shall have user-configurable masking zones for switching between tracking modes Rationale: Allows setting of the point at which the antenna elevation rises above the ground clutter and can start autotracking the D/L signal. This also allows for tailoring of tracking operations to account for any local (ground) obstructions (e.g. – the USGS/EROS water tower, trees, etc.)

3.6.6 The antenna shall have user-configurable masking zones for prevent activation of the transmitter to radiate ground facilities (e.g. – the main USGS/EROS facility building, the water tower, etc.)

3.6.7 The antenna controller shall provide an ethernet local area network (LAN) interface for remote status and control operations with the GFE LGS ground station automation system Rationale: The USGS/EROS LGS station has an overall station automation system that schedules and executes passes, including of configuration and operations of all station equipment (e.g. – antenna, TLM RXs, exciter, demods, etc.)

3.6.8 The antenna controller shall provide a documented interface or application programming interface (API), for control of the antenna to execute passes

3.6.9 The antenna controller shall provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities for operation via the remote status and control interface:

Commanding Select configuration setting or profile to use Pass/Pre-Pass start(up) – note that this could be addressed by selecting a scheduled pass to be executed HPA power on/off (Emergency) Stop Manual Antenna Positioning

Status Pass (what pass is being executed) Configuration (equipment status, e.g. – polarization mode, failed equipment, X- or Ka-Band mode, configuration file dump, etc.)

Pass schedule, as applicable for antenna controller design and ops con Antenna status Antenna tracking state (i.e. – program track, S-Band autotrack, X- or Ka-Band autotrack, etc.)

Pass timing (e.g. – countdown to scheduled AOS, time in the pass, time remaining before LOS, etc.)

Tracking parameters (i.e. – tracking error, commanded Vs actual angles, tracking mode, etc.)

HPA status (i.e. – forward and reverse power readings, on/off status, etc.)

Received signal strength Angle files (transferred for external use and archival)

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Rationale: This could be addressed by selecting a scheduled pass on the antenna controller for execution by internal antenna automation, or via execution of a sequence of CMDs from the LGS ground station automation system. In either case, it is expected that there will be a basic level of internal automation in the antenna controller to perform basic pass operations (e.g. – switch track modes as antenna elevation rises above the ground clutter, changing between different RF bands for improved tracking accuracy when they become available, etc.). Note that some commands will be for manual antenna operations via the operator interface (GUI) on the LGS ground station automation system, and some status may be available when polled, but not continuously sent out over the status and control interface when executing a pass.

3.6.10 The antenna controller shall accept and execute passes that have been trimmed for a late AOS or early LOS Rationale: Provides support for testing and hot handovers with other stations; Note that this could be done via a trimmed contact schedule that is provided to the antenna, or via a late start command from the LGS station automation system

3.6.11 Any antenna controller computer connected to the USGS/EROS facility local area network (LAN) shall incorporate information technology (IT) and network security provisions to protect the system for unauthorized access or use:

Each user shall have a separate account and unique password User accounts shall utilize a role-based access privilege system to prevent users from gaining access beyond what is required User accounts shall have passwords with an expiration date configurable by the system administrator The system shall disable unsecure access methods, e.g. – remote login, file transfer protocol (FTP), etc.

Unused user accounts shall be locked out after 90 days, and removed after 180 days, as configured by the system administrator Other policies as defined in the USGS IT and network security policies, to be provided at contract award

3.6.12 There shall be a single unified human readable log for all operator activity Rationale: The log system shall be human readable to allow an operator to easily view antenna actions/responses for previous pass events.

3.6.13 The antenna controller shall utilize a secure operating system Rationale: A secure operating system is designed to protect data, applications, and hardware. It allows patching of critical updates to ensure ongoing security.

3.6.14 The antenna controller shall allow the installation of IT/network security monitoring tools without significant impact to system performance or functionality Rationale: A list of applications will be provided at contract award. This applies to the computer and any other systems that will connect to the USGS/EROS facility LAN.

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3.6.15 The antenna controller shall allow regular patching and updates to address vulnerabilities, without the need for extensive retesting or reinstallation of antenna controller applications Rationale: This applies to the computer and any other systems that will connect to the USGS/EROS facility LAN

3.6.16 Any network connected devices that are password protected shall have a unique password assigned for the Landsat tri-band antenna system Rationale: Changes the default password to provide security from unauthorized access or configuration changes for internet-of-things (IoT) connected devices, e.g. – smart gauges or smart switches, etc.

3.6.17 All antenna functionality shall be manually controllable Rationale: To override automated functions as needed or to manually control a specific parameter or parameters

3.6.18 The antenna shall allow for manual entry and adjustments of offsets during program or autotrack operations Rationale: Allows for adjustment of tracking during events such as launches

3.7 Civil Works

3.7.1 Civil works shall consist of the antenna foundation, a concrete pad surrounding the foundation, an asphalt ring surrounding the antenna pad, any supporting structure needed for the radome (e.g. – ringwall, etc.), electrical, signal, and control services connections to the main building, and an extension of the current antenna access road to the new antenna site. A notional diagram of the civil works is shown in figure 3-2 below.

Rationale: There are existing conduits to the proposed location of the Landsat tri-band antenna, along with a pull vault. These existing may be used as space is available without compromise to the existing connections.

3.7.2 Civil works shall be compliant with all applicable building codes and engineering design standards.

Rationale: The building code compliance needed for construction in Minnehaha County, South Dakota.

3.7.3 Civil works shall be constructed to allow for settling of the building site, such that requirements compliance is maintained long-term.

Rationale: Ensure that the antenna tracking and pointing performance will be maintained after the site settles

3.7.4 Civil works shall be designed to allow drainage, so water does not collect at the antenna or edge of the radome (ringwall) Rationale: Civil works should be designed so water drains away from the antenna and radome

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Figure 3-2. Notional Landsat Tri-Band Antenna Civil Works

3.7.5 Any modifications to existing utilities infrastructure shall not impact or degrade their performance Rationale: Use of, or modifications to, shared infrastructure must not impact or degrade their performance for other antennas or missions (e.g. – ensure that existing conduits are not damaged when installing cabling, ensure the existing conduits are not damaged when adding new conduits to a pull vault, watertightness of existing installations is not compromised, etc.)

3.7.6 Civil works shall be implemented with a slope and flatness of less than 2% TBD across the surface of the antenna pad

3.7.7 The asphalt ring shall extend at least 20 feet beyond the edge of the radome or ringwall Rationale: This provides sufficient space for vehicle parking during I&T and for maintenance staff in long-term operations. This also provides clearance for snow removal equipment around the antenna and radome.

3.7.8 The antenna pad and asphalt ring shall support a load without significant or permanent deformation, in accordance with Minnehaha County, South Dakota ordinances and engineering design standards Rationale: Allows for parking of servicing and construction vehicles or machinery, as well as accommodating snow removal equipment

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3.7.9 The antenna system shall maintain the following environmental conditions inside the radome:

Temperature: 40°F to 80°F at surface level Humidity: 20-85%

Rationale: Need to maintain a suitable environment inside the radome for maintenance operations and antenna performance. This would include heat or air conditioning (HVAC) as needed. These are the conditions at ground level. It is anticipated the temperatures could be different at the top of the radome, but the environmental control system is not expected to maintain these levels everywhere in the radome.

3.8 Main Power and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

3.8.1 The antenna system shall provide an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) to power the antenna and associated equipment during a power interruption Rationale: The equipment in the computer room and ops room will be connected to main facility UPS and does not need to be connected to the antenna UPS

3.8.2 The UPS shall be placed in the power/equipment room of the main USGS/EROS facility Rationale: This is the location where power will be…