Attachment_F1_-_Federal_Specification_KKK-A-1822F-08.01.2007.pdf

U.S. General Services Administration

KKK-A-1822F

August 1, 2007

Federal Specification for the Star-of-Life Ambulance

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND CLASSIFICATION

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

3. REQUIREMENTS

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

5. DELIVERY

6. NOTES

Table 1:

Emergency Lighting

Figure 1:

Certification & Payload Signage

Figure 2:

Payload Calculation Form

Figure 3:

12-Volt DC Electrical System

Figure 4:

125-Volt AC Electrical System

Figure 5:

Portable Equipment Battery Charging Circuit

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ii

1.1 SCOPE.

This specification identifies the minimum requirements for new automotive Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ambulances (except military field ambulances) built on Original Equipment Manufacturer's Chassis (OEM) that are prepared by the OEM for use as an ambulance.

The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) and minimally warranted as specified in Section 6.

Refurbishing and remounted vehicles are not covered by this standard. This standard applies to new vehicles only.

By definition an ambulance is a vehicle used for emergency medical care and patient transport. This specification is for the construction of ambulances, not for vehicles intended for use as fire appara-tus. National and international standards exist for automotive fire apparatus. These standards can be obtained from organizations such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

Section 3 of this specification contains:

• Optional configurations.

• A worksheet to assist the purchaser in developing their procurement requirements.

1.1.1 DEFINITION OF AMBULANCE.

The ambulance is defined as a vehicle used for emergency medical care that provides:

• A driver’s compartment.

• A patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical services provider (EMSP) and one patient located on the primary cot so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit.

• Equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport.

• Safety, comfort, and avoidance of aggravation of the patient’s injury or illness.

• Two-way radio communication.

• Audible and Visual Traffic warning devices.

1.1.2 PURPOSE.

The purpose of this document is to describe ambulances that are authorized to display the “Star of Life” symbol. It establishes minimum specifications, performance parameters and essential crite-ria for the design of ambulances and to provide a practical degree of standardization. The object is to provide ambulances that are nationally recognized, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when professionally staffed and provisioned, will function reliably in pre-hospital or other mobile emergency medical service.

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, AND CLASSIFICATION

1.1.3 “STAR OF LIFE” CERTIFICATION.

The final stage ambulance manufacturer (FSAM) shall furnish to a purchaser an authenti-cated certification and label stating that the ambulance and equipment comply with this specification and applicable change notices in effect on the date the ambulance is con-tracted for. FSAMs making this certification are permitted to use the “Star of Life” symbol to identify an ambulance as compliant with the Federal specifications for ambulances. Use of the symbol must be in accordance with the purpose and use criteria set forth in pub-lished guidelines (Document Number DOT HS 808 721, Rev. June 1995) by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, an operating administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation.

2.1 THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS FORM A PART

OF THIS SPECIFICATION, TO THE EXTENT SPECIFIED OR REQUIRED

BY LAW. UNLESS A SPECIFIC ISSUE OF A STANDARD OR

REGULATION IS IDENTIFIED, THE ISSUE IN EFFECT, ON THE DATE

THE AMBULANCE IS CONTRACTED FOR, SHALL APPLY.

FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS:

RR-C-901C — CYLINDERS, COMPRESSED GAS: HIGH PRESSURE, STEEL DOT 3AA AND

ALUMINUM APPLICATIONS

FEDERAL STANDARDS:

Federal Standard No. 297 — Rustproofing of Commercial (Nontactical) Vehicles

MILITARY STANDARDS:

MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment.

MIL-STD-1223 Non-tactical Wheeled Vehicles, Painting, Identification Marking, and Data Plate Standards.

LAWS AND REGULATIONS:

29 CFR 1910.1030: Blood borne Pathogens 29 CFR 1910.7 Definition and Requirements for a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory 21 CFR 820: Quality System Regulation 40 CFR 86: Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines.

47 CFR, PART 90: Public Safety Radio Services (FCC) 49 CFR 393: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) 49 CFR 571: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS)

2.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS.

The following documents form a part of this specification to the extent specified. Unless a specific issue is identified, the issue in effect, on the date the ambulance is contracted for, shall apply.

THE TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION, INC.

Yearbook

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

70 – National Electric Code 1901 – Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE), INC., STANDARDS, AND

RECOMMENDED PRACTICES:

J163 Low Tension Wiring and Cable Terminals and Splice Clips J537 Storage Batteries J541 Voltage Drop for Starting Motor Circuits J553 Circuit Breakers J561 Electrical Terminals, Eyelet, and Spade Type J575 Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices & Components J576 Plastic Materials, For Use In Optical Parts Such As Lenses and Reflectors of Motor Vehicle

Lighting Devices J578 Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Devices J595 Flashing Warning Lamps for Authorized Emergency, Maintenance, and Service Vehicles J638 Test Procedure and Ratings for Hot Water Heaters for Motor Vehicles J639 Safety Practices for Mechanical Vapor Compression Refrigeration Equipment or Systems Used

To Cool Passenger Compartment of Motor Vehicles J689 Approach, Departure, and Ramp Break over Angles J682 Rear Wheel Splash and Stone Throw Protection J683 Tire Chain Clearance J858 Electrical Terminals, Blade Type J928 Electrical Terminals, Pin, and Receptacle Type J994 Backup Alarms, Performance Test and Application J1054 Warning Lamp, Alternating Flashers J1127 Battery Cable J1128 LowTension Primary Cable J1292 Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach Wiring J1349 Engine Power Test Code, Spark Ignition and Diesel J1318 Strobe Warning Lights J2498 Minimum Performance of the Warning Light System Used on Emergency Vehicles

NATIONAL TRUCK EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION / AMD:

AMD STANDARD 001 – AMBULANCE BODY STRUCTURE STATIC LOAD TEST

AMD STANDARD 002 – BODY DOOR RETENTION COMPONENTS TEST

AMD STANDARD 003 – OXYGEN TANK RETENTION SYSTEM STATIC TEST

AMD STANDARD 004 – LITTER RETENTION SYSTEM STATIC TEST

AMD STANDARD 005 – 12-VOLT DC ELECTRICAL SYSTEM TEST

AMD STANDARD 006 – PATIENT COMPARTMENT SOUND LEVEL TEST

AMD STANDARD 007 – PATIENT COMPARTMENT CARBON MONOXIDE LEVEL TEST

AMD STANDARD 008 – PATIENT COMPARTMENT GRAB RAIL STATIC LOAD TEST

AMD STANDARD 009 – 125V AC ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS TEST

AMD STANDARD 010 – WATER SPRAY TEST

AMD STANDARD 011 – EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE TEST

AMD STANDARD 012 – INTERIOR CLIMATE CONTROL TEST

AMD STANDARD 013 – WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION GUIDELINES

AMD STANDARD 014 – ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM TEST

AMD STANDARD 015 – AMBULANCE MAIN OXYGEN SYSTEM TEST

AMD STANDARD 016 – PATIENT COMPARTMENT LIGHTING LEVEL TEST

AMD STANDARD 017 – ROAD TEST

AMD STANDARD 018 – REAR STEP AND BUMPER STATIC LOAD TEST

AMD STANDARD 019 – MEASURING GUIDELINES: CABINETS & COMPARTMENTS

AMD STANDARD 020 – FLOOR DISTRIBUTED LOAD TEST

AMD STANDARD 021 – ASPIRATOR SYSTEM TEST, PRIMARY PATIENT

AMD STANDARD 022 – COLD ENGINE START TEST

AMD STANDARD 023 – SIREN PERFORMANCE TEST

AMD STANDARD 024 – PERIMETER ILLUMINATION TEST

AMD STANDARD 025 – MEASURING GUIDELINES: OCCUPANT HEAD CLEARANCE ZONES

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS (ACEP):

Guidelines for Ambulance Equipment

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) STANDARDS:

F 920 Standard Specification for Minimum Performance and Safety Requirements for

Resuscitators Intended for Use with Humans F 960 Standard Specification for Medical and Surgical Suction and Drainage Systems D 4956 Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control D6210 Standard Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base Engine Coolant for

Heavy-Duty Engines B117 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus IPC-610D Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies

NATIONAL EMSC (EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN)

RESOURCE ALLIANCE:

COMMITTEE ON AMBULANCE EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

Guidelines for pediatric equipment and supplies for Basic and Advanced life support ambulances

AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE AGENCY(AMECA):

Approval of Motor Vehicle Safety Equipment (emergency lights and sirens)

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE:

Z535.1 American National Standard for Safety Colors

For assistance in obtaining the referenced documents, contact the Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service (NTIS).

2.3 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE.

In the event of a conflict between the text of this specification and the references cited, the text of this specification shall take precedence.

3.1 GENERAL VEHICULAR DESIGN, TYPES, AND CONFIGURATION.

3.1.1 DESIGN.

The ambulance and the allied equipment furnished under this specification shall be the OEM’s cur-rent model year commercial vehicle of the Type and Configuration specified. The ambulance shall be complete with the operating accessories, as specified. The design of the vehicle and the specified equipment shall permit accessibility for servicing, replacement, and adjustment of component parts and accessories with minimum disturbance to other components and systems. The term “heavy-duty,” as used to describe an item, shall mean in excess of the standard quantity, quality, or capacity and represents the best, most durable, strongest, etc., part, component, system, etc., that is commer-cially available on the OEM chassis.

3.1.2 TYPE I AMBULANCE (10,001 TO 14,000 GVWR).

Type I vehicle shall be a cab chassis furnished with a modular ambulance body.

3.1.2.1 TYPE I - AD (ADDITIONAL DUTY) AMBULANCE (14,001 GVWR OR MORE).

Type I-AD shall be a Cab-Chassis with modular ambulance body, increased GVWR, storage, and payload.

3.1.3 TYPE II AMBULANCE (9201 – 10,000 GVWR).

Type II ambulance shall be a long wheelbase Van, with Integral Cab-Body.

3.1.4 TYPE III AMBULANCE (10,001 TO 14,000 GVWR).

Type III shall be a Cutaway Van with integrated modular ambulance body.

3.1.4.1 TYPE III- AD (ADDITIONAL DUTY) AMBULANCE (14,001 GVWR OR MORE).

Type III-AD shall be a Cutaway Van with integrated modular body, and increased GVWR, storage, and payload.

3.1.5 CONFIGURATION OF PATIENT COMPARTMENT.

Primary cot shall be loaded to position the patient’s head forward in the ambulance. The primary cot shall be mounted to provide maximum access from the EMSP seat.

3.2 VEHICLE, AMBULANCE COMPONENTS, EQUIPMENT, AND

ACCESSORIES.

The emergency medical care vehicles; including chassis, ambulance body, equipment, devices, med-ical accessories, and electronic equipment shall be standard commercial products, tested and certi-fied to meet or exceed the requirements of this specification. The ambulance shall comply with all Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) and other Federal and state regulations applicable or specified for the year of manufacture. The chassis, components, and optional items shall be as rep-

3. REQUIREMENTS

resented in the OEM’s current technical data. The ambulance body, equipment, and accessories shall be as represented in their respective FSAM’s current technical data. The FSAM shall provide total standardization and interchangeability between similar vehicles, equipment, items, and accessories specified for all ambulance units under each contract.

3.2.1 MEDICAL DEVICES.

All medical devices furnished must be marketed in compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory requirements.

3.3 RECOVERED MATERIALS.

All equipment, material, and articles required under this specification are to be new or fabricated from new materials produced from recovered materials. The term “recovered materials” means mate-rials that have been collected or recovered from solid waste and reprocessed to become a source of raw materials, as opposed to virgin raw materials. None of the above shall be interpreted to mean that the use of used or rebuilt products is allowed.

3.4 VEHICLE OPERATION, PERFORMANCE, AND PHYSICAL

CHARACTERISTICS.

3.4.1 OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE.

All requirements in Section 3.4 shall be met with the ambulance loaded at curb weight plus total usable payload. The vehicle shall be capable of operating safely and efficiently under the environ-mental conditions outlined.

3.4.2 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS.

3.4.2.1 EXTERIOR.

The ambulance and equipment shall be operable in ambient temperature ranging from 0°F to 95°F.

3.4.2.2 INTERIOR.

The interior of the ambulance patient compartment must be maintained at a minimum temperature of 50°F when the ambulance is prepared for immediate response. This requirement does not apply to ambulances that are fully operational but being held in reserve or ambulances that are not fully operational.

3.4.3 NOISE AND SOUND LEVEL LIMITS, EXTERIOR.

Unless more stringent sound levels are regulated by the states and municipalities where the ambu-lance will be based, the exterior noise level produced by the vehicle, except siren, shall not exceed federal regulations.

3.4.4 VEHICLE PERFORMANCE.

The ambulance shall provide a smooth, stable ride. When available from the OEM, automatic vehicle stability control (AVSC) shall be furnished.

3.4.5 SPEED.

The vehicles shall be capable of a sustained speed of not less than 65 mph over dry, hard surfaced, level roads, at sea level, and passing speeds of 70 mph when tested under normal ambient conditions.

3.4.6 ACCELERATION.

Vehicle shall have a minimum average acceleration, at sea level, of 0-55 mph within 25 seconds. Test shall be performed under normal ambient conditions.

3.4.7 GRADEABILITY.

The vehicle shall be capable of meeting the following performance requirements. The determination shall be made by actual test or OEM’s certified computer prediction.

3.4.7.1 GRADEABILITY AT SPEED.

Minimum gradeability at speed shall be 55 mph on a 3% (1.72°) grade.

3.4.7.2 MINIMUM LOW SPEED GRADEABILITY.

The minimum low speed gradeability shall be 5 mph on a 35% (19.3°) grade.

3.4.8 FUEL RANGE.

The ambulance shall be capable of being driven for at least 250 miles without refueling.

3.4.9 FORDING.

The vehicle shall be capable of three fordings, without water entering patient and equipment com-partments while being driven through a minimum of 8" of water, at speeds of 5 mph, for a distance of at least 100'.

3.4.10 VEHICLE PHYSICAL DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS.

3.4.10.1 LENGTH.

Overall length of the ambulance (OAL) shall be specified by the purchaser, including bumpers, rear step and bumper guards.

3.4.10.2 WIDTH.

The overall width of ambulance bodies having dual rear wheels shall be a maximum of 96", excluding mirrors, lights, and other safety appurtenances.

The ambulance body sides, on a chassis with dual rear wheels, shall be symmetrical and within +/- 2.5" of the overall width of the tires (outside sidewalls). The 2.5" allowance is not cumulative; it applies individually to each side. Tires shall not extend beyond the fenders.

3.4.10.3 HEIGHT.

The purchaser shall specify the overall height of the ambulance when loaded to curb weight. This includes roof-mounted equipment, but excludes two-way radio antenna(s).

3.4.10.4 ANGLE OF APPROACH, RAMP BREAKOVER AND DEPARTURE.

With the exception of the OEM’s furnished and installed components, the ambulance shall provide not less than the following clearance, measured in accordance with SAE J689.

Approach angle 20° Ramp breakover 10° Departure angle 10°

3.4.10.5 TURNING RADIUS.

Turning radius shall not be greater than the OEM standard.

3.4.10.6 FLOOR HEIGHT.

The finished floor (loading) height shall be a maximum of 34”.

3.5 VEHICLE WEIGHT RATINGS AND PAYLOAD.

3.5.1 CURB WEIGHT.

Non-permanently mounted equipment is considered to be part of the payload, not the curb weight.

3.5.2 PAYLOAD CAPACITY.

Each ambulance’s payload capacity shall be determined by completing the payload calculation form in Figure 2. The payload value of Figure 2, item 9 shall be displayed on the certification and payload signage as shown in Figure 1. The label shall be located in a conspicuous location in the ambulance.

The required minimum payload per vehicle without optional equipment shall be as follows:

1. Single rear wheeled, van ambulances (Type II)—1500 lbs.

2. Dual rear wheeled, modular ambulances (Type I or III)—1750 lbs.

3. Additional duty modular ambulances (Type I AD or III AD)—2,250 lbs.

The ambulance shall not be operated in an overloaded condition. EMSPs should determine that the actual load, to be placed on the vehicle, does not exceed the total usable payload as manufactured.

Any additional items attached to, or carried on the vehicle by the EMSP will reduce the combined weight of occupants and cargo that comprise the total usable payload.

Additional weight added, resulting from specified options, will reduce the available minimum payload per vehicle.

Occupant weight shall be accommodated at 150 lbs. for each designated seating position and the primary patient.

FIGURE 1 – Certification & Payload Signage The label shall be mounted on the body (module) interior in a conspicuous location.

• The label shown here is suggested format.

• Deviations in dimensions are acceptable.

• All text must be included.

CERTIFIED “STAR OF LIFE” AMBULANCE

Date of Manufacture________________________________________________________________

Mfg By ____________________________________________________________________________

Address ___________________________________________________________________________

City_________________________________________________State________Zip ______________

This ambulance conforms to Federal Specification KKK-A-1822 in effect on the date the ambulance was contracted for.

Final Stage Ambulance Manufacturers ID Number______________________________________

VIN _______________________________________________________________________________

OEM Chassis Model, Year of Manufacture _____________________________________________

Vehicle Type _______________________________________________________________________

NOTICE: THIS VEHICLE, AS MANUFACTURED, CONFORMS TO THE PAYLOAD REQUIREMENTS

OFTHE FEDERAL AMBULANCE SPECIFICATION KKK-A-1822. USERS SHALL NOT LOAD VEHICLES

ABOVE THE GVWR, GAWRs OR EXCEED THE TOTAL USABLE PAYLOAD LISTED BELOW.

TOTAL USABLE PAYLOAD ___________________lbs.

(TOTAL REMAINING WEIGHT CAPACITY OF OCCUPANTS AND CARGO USER MAY ADD)

FIGURE 2 – Payload Calculation Form The completed form shall be included in the handbook of instructions.

• The form shown here is suggested format.

• Deviations in dimensions are acceptable.

• All text must be included.

CUSTOMER USABLE PAYLOAD INFORMATION

Final Stage Ambulance Manufacturer's Name: __________________________________________

OEM Chassis Year, Make, Model: ______________________________________________________

1) Ambulance Model, Type, Prod. #: __________________________________________________

2) OEM GAWR – Front: _________ lbs

3) OEM GAWR – Rear: __________lbs

4) OEM GVWR: __________lbs

5) Minimum Payload Per KKK-A-1822: __________lbs

6) Curb Weight – AS BUILT – Front Axle: __________lbs

7) Curb Weight – AS BUILT – Rear Axle: __________lbs

8) Total Curb Weight – AS BUILT: __________lbs

9) CUSTOMER USABLETotal Payload AS BUILT (item 4 minus item 8): __________lbs

10) CUSTOMER USABLE Front Axle Payload AS BUILT (item 2 minus item 6):__________lbs

11) Total Weight of Permanently mounted Options Specified (only required if item 9 does not meet or exceed item 5): __________lbs

12) Payload of Basic KKK Vehicle (item 9 plus item 11) (only required if item 9 does not meet or exceed item 5): __________lbs

3.5.3 GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING (GVWR).

The combination of the vehicle’s curb weight and total usable payload weight shall not exceed the ambulance GVWR.

3.5.4 WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION.

Purchasers and FSAMs shall locate vehicle-mounted components, equipment, and supplies to provide a vehicle that is laterally balanced and within the GVWR and each gross axle weight rating (GAWR).

The right and left wheel(s) of each axle of a completed ambulance shall be weighed to determine hor-izontal and lateral weight distribution. The weight distribution of a properly loaded ambulance on a level surface shall permit conformance to the FMVSS braking requirements in accordance with the statements provided by the OEM. All specifications and requirements for weight distribution and center of gravity of the OEM shall take precedence over the requirements contained in this section where the OEM’s requirements are more restrictive or comprehensive.

• The weight between the right and left side of a given axle, when on a level surface, shall be within 5%.

• When loaded to the GVWR and within the GAWR for each axle, the front to rear weight distribu-tion shall have not less than 20% of the total weight on the front axle, and not less than 50% nor more than 80% on the rear axle.

• The FSAM shall locate the center of gravity (CG) of the vehicle according to the requirements set by the OEM to determine and assure that the CG of the completed ambulance does not exceed any maximum horizontal and/or vertical limits.

To meet the above weight distribution requirements, consideration shall be given by the purchaser and FSAM to locate equipment and components to permit inherently proper lateral balance, front/rear axle loading, and center of gravity position.

3.5.5 RATINGS.

Vehicle and component ratings shall be the OEM’s published ratings and shall not be raised above the OEM’s rating.

3.5.6 CAB TO AXLE (CA), TYPE I AND III VEHICLES.

Cab to axle (CA) dimension of the vehicle chassis shall permit a minimum of 50% of the outside body length (including cab extensions) forward of the rear axle centerline, in addition to any cab to body clearance. Bodies designed with wheel openings shall have the rear wheels centered, within +/- 2" of those openings.

3.6 CHASSIS, POWER UNIT, AND COMPONENTS.

3.6.1 CHASSIS-FRAME.

The chassis shall include the OEM’s ambulance preparation package when available. The chassis-frame and components shall be constructed to withstand the strains of on-off road service and any special service and equipment requirements specified. All chassis (including cab) components shall be as repre-sented in the OEM’s technical data.

3.6.2 VEHICLE LUBRICATION.

The chassis components, devices, accessories, and added equipment requiring lubrication shall be fully equipped with lubrication fittings, as provided by the OEM or equipment manufacturer.

3.6.3 POWER UNIT, ENGINE.

3.6.3.1 POWER UNIT.

The power unit shall meet or exceed the required vehicle performance specified at not more than the engine manufacturer’s recommended operating engine speed. The OEM’s diesel engine and power train shall be provided. The OEM’s block heater shall also be furnished.

3.6.3.2 ENGINE LOW TEMPERATURE STARTING.

The engine shall start satisfactorily without the aid of engine block preheating devices (except glow plugs) or combustion air preheater at 0°F. The determination shall be made by actual test or OEM’s certification.

3.6.4 POWER UNIT COMPONENTS.

3.6.4.1 OIL FILTER.

The oil filter shall be the OEM’s standard for the engine offered.

3.6.4.2 AIR FILTER.

The air filter shall be the OEM’s standard for the engine offered.

3.6.4.3 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL.

Vehicles destined for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam and American Samoa shall comply with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations governing Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines in effect on date of manufacture of the engine.

3.6.4.4 FUEL SYSTEM.

The fuel system shall conform to all applicable FMVSS, FMCSR, CARB, and EPA requirements.

The fuel system components shall be installed, connected, and routed in accordance with all OEM’s guidelines. A permanent label at the fuel filler opening shall be furnished specifying the specific type of fuel required.

3.6.4.5 COOLING SYSTEM.

A coolant overflow recovery tank and compensating system shall be furnished. The cooling system shall be protected with an OEM solution of extended life antifreeze/coolant. Coolant to be the OEM’s recommended type and mixture. The FSAM shall provide the OEM maximum size cooling system for the engine provided. The cooling system design shall maintain the engine at safe operating tempera-tures at all drivable altitudes and grades encountered during on and off road vehicle use.

3.6.4.6 EXHAUST SYSTEM.

The exhaust shall discharge at the vertical side(s) of the ambulance at a maximum distance of 1" beyond the side of the module and be angled /positioned to project the exhaust away from the door(s) to minimize fumes and contaminants entering the interior. On modular vehicles, the tailpipe outlet shall not terminate within 12" of the vertical axis of the fuel tank filler opening(s) when located on the same side. Modifications or extensions made to the OEM exhaust system shall meet or exceed OEM’s requirements in terms of backpressure, components, design, and workmanship.

3.6.5 DRIVE TRAIN.

3.6.5.1 DRIVE TRAIN COMPONENTS.

The drive train and component’s torque capacity shall meet or exceed the maximum torque devel-oped in the lowest gear ratio by the engine.

3.6.5.2 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION.

The OEM’s automatic transmission shall be provided. The transmission shall provide not less than four speeds forward and one reverse and shall be equipped with the OEM’s heaviest duty transmission fluid cooler.

3.6.5.3 DRIVELINE.

The driveline (driveshaft, U-joints, etc.) shall be balanced and supported to perform throughout the design speed range without whipping or vibrating.

3.6.5.4 BRAKE SYSTEMS, SERVICE AND PARKING.

OEM’s heaviest duty, power assisted brakes, linings, and parking brake shall be furnished on the OEM chassis offered. Antilock brake systems shall be furnished when available from the OEM.

3.6.5.5 SPECIAL TRACTION (REAR END) DIFFERENTIAL.

All ambulances shall have a positive traction, limited slip differential or automatic, locking type differential, unless not furnished with the OEM’s AVSC system.

3.6.5.6 SUSPENSION.

Vehicle shall be equipped with laterally matched sets (front and rear) of spring, torsion, or air suspen-sion system components. Components shall have a rated capacity in excess of the load imposed on each member. Only corrections permitted by the OEM to compensate for lean due to normal spring tolerance variations are permitted. Correction of lean due to imbalance is not permitted.

3.6.5.7 SPRING STOPS.

The OEM’s standard spring bumpers and axle stops shall be furnished. The stops/bumpers shall pre-vent the wheel and axles from striking the engine, oil pan, fenders, and body under all conditions of operation.

3.6.5.8 SHOCK ABSORBERS.

Shock absorbers, double-acting type, heaviest duty available from OEM for model offered, shall be furnished on the front and rear axles.

3.6.6 STEERING.

The OEM’s standard, power assisted steering shall be furnished.

3.6.7 WHEELS.

Types I, I AD, III & III AD ambulances shall be equipped with dual rear wheels and single front wheels.

Type II ambulances shall be equipped with single, front and rear wheels. Wheels shall conform to the recommendations of the Tire and Rim Association, Inc., and shall be identical in type, size, and load rating for all wheels on the ambulance.

3.6.8 TIRES.

Tires shall be as furnished by the OEM and shall be OEM tubeless, steel belted radials.

3.6.9 TIRE CHAINS AND CLEARANCE.

Tire chain clearance on the furnished body shall be provided for all driving wheels per SAE J683.

Sufficient chain clearance shall be provided to permit off road operation with the ambulance loaded to the maximum payload.

3.6.10 WHEEL TIRE BALANCING.

Wheel/tire, hubs, and brake drum assemblies of the vehicle shall be dynamically balanced to a mini-mum of 70 mph.

3.6.11 HUBCAPS.

When available from the OEM standard hubcaps or wheel covers shall be furnished on Type II ambulances.

3.7 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS.

3.7.1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

The ambulance electrical system shall be equipped with, but not limited to, the following:

1. Dual, OEM’s batteries.

2. Generating, starting, lighting, visual and audible warning systems.

3. Specified electronics equipment and devices (including master consoles located in the cab and patient compartment).

4. Other specified accessory wiring.

5. All electrical system components and wiring shall be readily accessible through access panels.

6. All switches, indicators, and controls shall be located and installed in a manner that facilitates easy removal and servicing.

7. All exterior housings of lamps, switches, electronic devices, connectors, and fixtures shall be corrosion resistant and weatherproofed.

8. Electrical fixtures attached to the exterior sides of the ambulance below the 75" level shall be near flush mounted and not protrude more than 2", except for such items as spotlights and ventilators.

9. All electrical devices and equipment installed, including the electromagnetic coils of high current solenoids, and relays etc, which produce RFI, shall include filters, suppressers, or shielding to pre-vent electromagnetic radiation and the resultant interference to radios and other electronic equipment.

10. Vehicles shall be immune from interference caused by radio transmissions.

3.7.1.1 WARNING INDICATORS.

The electrical system shall incorporate a warning light panel located in the driver’s compartment. It shall provide indicator lights for:

1. Open patient compartment entry doors.

2. Open cab entry doors (when available from the OEM).

3. Open equipment compartment door(s).

4. Extended devices (flood lights, etc).

The “Door/Equipment Open” indicator in the driver’s compartment can be either a warning incandes-cent light with at least 0.2 sq. in. of lighted surface, an electronic text message visible in all ambient lighting conditions, or LED’s with equal intensity as an incandescent light source.

Electronic displays that are visible in all ambient light, that projects narrative information may be used in lieu of discrete, colored, indicator/ warning lights provided the projected message is at least as visible as the basic required warning light.

3.7.2 WIRING INSTALLATION.

1. The ambulance body and accessory electrical equipment shall be served by circuit(s) separate and distinct from vehicle chassis circuits.

2. All wiring provided by the FSAM shall be copper.

3. All wiring shall have type SXL or GXL high temperature cross-linked polyethylene, or better, insulation.

4. The use of multi conductor or ribbon cables are permitted provided they are not exposed to under hood or under vehicle temperatures/conditions.

5. The wiring shall be permanently color coded or marked the entire length of the wire.

6. Wiring shall be routed in conduit or high temperature looms with a rating of 300°F.

7. When cables are supplied by a component manufacturer to interconnect system components, these cables need not be continuously color coded/identified. They shall be coded/identified at the termination or interconnection points.

8. All added wiring shall be located in accessible, enclosed, protected locations and kept at least 6" away from exhaust system components.

9. Electrical wiring and components shall not terminate in the oxygen storage compartment except for the oxygen controlled solenoid, compartment light, and switch plunger or trigger device.

10. Wiring necessarily passing through an oxygen compartment shall be protected from damage.

11. All conduits, looms, and wiring shall be secured to the body or frame with insulated metal cable straps.

12. All apertures on the vehicle shall be properly grommeted for passing wiring.

13. All items used for protecting or securing the wiring shall be appropriate for the specific applica-tion and be standard automotive, aircraft, marine, or electronic hardware.

14. Cable ties shall not be used to support harnesses, but may be used for bundling purposes.

15. Electrical panels that are accessible to accidental contact shall have a protective cover, shield, etc. to prevent shorts that can result in injury, fire, or damage to the electrical system.

3.7.2.1 WIRING CRITERIA.

1. All wiring (including grounds), devices, switches, outlets, etc., except circuit breakers, shall be rated to carry at least 125% of the maximum ampere load.

2. A service loop of wire or harness shall be provided at all electrical components, terminals, and connection points.

3. All splices and terminals provided shall comply with SAE J163, J561, or J928 as applicable.

4. All terminals shall be permanently numbered or coded.

5. Terminal strip(s) block(s), or multi-pin connector(s) shall be readily accessible for checking and service.

6. All exterior wiring to lights or any other component shall utilize sealed connectors or splices.

7. The ambulance electrical system shall incorporate a master circuit breaker panel with circuit breakers or other electronic, non-disposable, current protection devices, in each circuit, which comply with SAE J553 Type I, or Type III (if circuit breaker is readily accessible for resetting by the driver or EMSP).

8. When multiconductor cables/ribbon cables are used for low current (self limiting) circuits, addi-tional fuses/circuit breakers are not required.

9. One extra 15-ampere circuit breaker shall be provided for future use.

10. For high current circuits, where SAE Type I breakers are not commercially produced, protection for these circuits may be provided with other types of circuit breakers.

11. All circuit breakers shall be securely mounted, easily removable, and readily accessible for inspection and service.

12. All electrical and electronic components, switches, connectors, circuit breakers, lamps, and indi-cators, including the vehicle batteries, shall be marked with an easily read identification code number and/or letter.

3.7.2.2 PRINTED CIRCUITS.

When printed circuits are utilized, they shall conform to IPC A-610D standards, “Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies.” Printed circuit assemblies provided must qualify under Classification 1.4.1 as class 3 for “Life Support or other Critical Assemblies.” Printed circuit board connections and compo-nents shall conform to all other specification requirements.

3.7.3 GROUNDING.

Dedicated grounds for all appliances, circuits, etc. shall be furnished. The use of appliance mounting screws/hardware shall not be used for grounding purposes unless specifically designed for such use by the appliance manufacturer.

3.7.3.1 RF GROUNDING.

To provide RF grounding and minimize potential interference with OEM’s computers, the module and chassis cab shall be connected to the chassis frame with a separate dedicated minimum 3/4", braided ground strap with soldered ends that are secured to cleaned metal surfaces on the body and frame with lock washers. To prevent corrosion, both ends of the attached ground strap shall then be sealed with either rust proofing compounds or non-hardening battery terminal sealer. Regular stranded copper wire, while providing a DC ground, does not provide RF grounding and does not meet this requirement.

3.7.4 WINDSHIELD WIPERS AND WASHERS.

Vehicle shall be equipped with OEM intermittent windshield wipers.

3.7.5 HORNS.

The OEM’s dual electric horns shall be furnished.

3.7.6 LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

The ambulance shall, when available from the OEM, be equipped with standard or optional generat-ing system designed for ambulance applications, and shall be nominally rated at 14 volts, with a minimum under hood temperature of 200°F. As a minimum, the generating system shall be capable of supplying at its regulated voltage, at 200°F, the continuous electrical load, which consists of the following electrical equipment and systems:

1. Engine/transmission control system.

2. Headlights (low beam).

3. All FMVSS 108 lights.

4. Windshield wipers (low speed).

5. Cab air conditioning (at coldest setting with highest blower speed).

6. Radio in receiving mode (or equal load, if not equipped).

7. Patient module dome lighting (in the high intensity setting).

8. Patient module air conditioning (at coldest setting with highest blower speed).

9. Emergency warning lighting system (in the daytime “primary” mode).

10. 20 amp medical load or equal.

The generating system shall supply the maximum electrical load, at the regulated voltage, at 200°F under hood temperature, and with an engine speed not exceeding of the furnished engine manufac-turer’s high idle setting in order to maintain battery charge at the regulated voltage. The throttle con-trol device shall control the engine RPM necessary to maintain the heating and air conditioning systems, at full operating capacity, and to maintain the generating system’s required output when the vehicle is stationary and the parking brake is set. The 12-volt electrical system shall incorporate a volt-meter and low voltage warning device which is functionally connected as shown in Figure 3. The FSAM shall test each ambulance prior to delivery and provide, to the purchaser, a written certification indi-cating the amount of generating capacity remaining, at the regulated voltage, at 200°F, after supplying the total electrical load as manufactured (including the purchaser options).

3.7.6.1 ENGINE HIGH-IDLE SPEED CONTROL.

The OEM Engine High-Idle speed control shall be furnished. The control shall be set to automatically increase the engine speed (RPM) to the engine manufacturer’s recommended setting to sustain the ambulance’s total continuous electrical load at the regulated voltage and provide maximum heating/air conditioning output.

The device shall operate only when switched to the “ON” position and the transmission is in “PARK” or “NEUTRAL.” The parking brake shall be applied at all times when the Engine High-Idle speed control is in use.

The device shall disengage high idle operation according to OEM and/or engine manufacturer dis-ablement strategy, or if not specified, when the operator depresses the service brake pedal or the transmission is placed in gear.

3.7.6.2 VOLTMETER AND VOLTAGE MONITOR.

A voltmeter illuminated for nighttime operation shall be furnished. The electrical system shall be monitored by a system that provides an audible and visual warning in case of the low voltage to per-sons in the ambulance of an impending electrical system failure caused by the excessive discharge of the batteries. The charge status of the battery shall be determined by direct measurement of the bat-tery voltage. The alarm shall sound if the system voltage at the battery drops below 11.8 V for 12 V nominal systems for more than 120 seconds.

3.7.7 BATTERY SYSTEM.

Two batteries (or additional batteries as required by the OEM) for ambulance use shall be furnished.

The batteries shall be equivalent to the OEM batteries. Batteries shall be located in a ventilated area, sealed off from occupant compartments, and shall be readily accessible for servicing and removal.

When batteries are mounted in the engine compartment, they shall be provided with a heat shield as a safeguard against high under hood temperatures when relocating batteries; the OEM shall approve the method of relocation.

3.7.7.1 AUTOMATIC CHARGER/CONDITIONER.

An automatic charger/conditioner shall be provided.

1. The charger/conditioner shall be connected to the 12-volt DC battery system as shown in Figure 3.

2. The charger/conditioner shall be capable of supplying a minimum of 10 amperes charging current.

3. The charger/conditioner shall be permanently mounted, in the vehicle, in a properly ventilated, accessible location and wired to the 125-volt AC utility power as shown in Figure 4.

4. The battery conditioner shall monitor the battery state of charge and, as necessary, automati-cally charge or maintain the batteries without gassing, depleting fluid level, overheating, or overcharging.

5. A permanently mounted decal or engraved plate shall be furnished in a conspicuous location in the cab stating:

“This vehicle is equipped with a battery conditioner to maintain batteries in a full state of charge, and a dedicated 12-volt recharging circuit for portable battery powered equipment. For operation, vehicle shall be plugged into 125-volt AC shore power during periods of non-use.”

3.7.7.2 PORTABLE EQUIPMENT CHARGING CIRCUIT.

A circuit shall be furnished (Figure 5) for charging all portable battery powered devices, i.e. suction units, hand lights, portable radios, etc. This circuit shall prevent discharge of chassis batteries by only permitting the charging of portable devices when the vehicle is either running or the optional battery conditioner is connected to shore power. Circuit breaker protection shall be provided and shall have a minimum 10 amp capacity. An additional tagged, identified lead shall be furnished in both the cab and module for connection of additional (future) portable equipment that requires recharging.

3.7.7.3 INTERNAL 12-VOLT DC POWER (REFERENCE FIGURE 3).

Two automotive “Power Point” type connectors shall be furnished, in the patient compartment. Each connector shall be rated for 12-volt DC, 20 ampere capacity, and be on a separately protected circuit.

This circuit shall also include a (low voltage drop) “Schottky” diode to isolate medical equipment bat-teries from any electrical loads that the remainder of the ambulance electrical system may impose.

The “Schottky” diode shall be heat-sink mounted, have an inverse voltage rating of at least 45 volts and also be rated to carry the maximum short circuit current, until the circuit breaker opens. The diode shall be physically located in an accessible location and be electrically connected between the circuit breaker and the “action wall” mounted connectors.

3.7.7.4 MASTER MODULE DISCONNECT SWITCH OR DEVICE.

An illuminated “Module Disconnect” switch shall control all electrical loads added by the FSAM, or an illuminated switch controlled solenoid as shown in Figure 3.This switch shall be located in the driver’s compartment, be legibly marked, illuminated when “ON,” and rated to carry at least 125% of the circuit’s maximum current. The module disconnect switch or device shall be different in feel from other switches, or be physically isolated from them.

3.7.8 125-VOLT AC UTILITY POWER (REFERENCE FIGURE 4)

The ambulance shall be furnished with a 2-wire plus ground 125-volt AC wiring system that is sepa-rate and distinct from the vehicle’s DC wiring system(s). Listing shall be by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, recognized by OSHA under Appendix A to 29 CFR 1910.7. The AC system is to be utilized while the vehicle is stationary for powering maintenance devices, medical equipment and battery chargers. The AC system shall not be utilized for operational ambulance interior lighting, such as dome and cot lights.

3.7.8.1 UTILITY POWER CONNECTOR.

A 125-volt AC flanged inlet conforming to NEMA 5-15, with spring loaded cover assembly suitable for wet locations, shall be installed on the driver’s side of the ambulance body in close proximity to dri-ver’s door. The connection shall be permanently labeled with the following:

THIS CONNECTION IS FOR 125-VOLT AC, 60 Hz, 15-AMPERE SUPPLY.

This receptacle shall energize the vehicle’s internal AC circuit from an external power source (utility power). The purchaser’s stationary utility power circuit supplying the ambulance’s 125-volt AC power should incorporate ground fault protection. A proper mating, weatherproof, 15 ampere connector body conforming to NEMA 5-15 shall also be furnished without cable and tagged specifying the size, type of wire necessary, and the polarity of the future hookup.

3.7.8.2 ELECTRICAL 125-VOLT AC RECEPTACLES.

The patient compartment shall be furnished with two (2) 125-volt AC duplex receptacles conforming to NEMA 5-15. Receptacles shall be near flush, vertically mounted. All interior outlets shall be installed in accordance with Section 210-7 (Receptacles and Cord Conductors) of the NEC. One out-let shall be located on the primary patient action wall and the other shall be located in the right front cabinet/storage area. Both outlets shall be at least 12 in from any oxygen outlet. An indicator shall be located within each 125-volt AC receptacle as a line monitor indicating a live (hot) circuit. The recep-tacles shall be labeled with the following: “125-VOLT AC.”

3.7.8.3 125-VOLT AC SYSTEMS.

1. The electrical equipment and material indicated for connection to a wiring system rated 125 volts, nominal, 2-wire with ground shall incorporate a minimum 15 ampere circuit breaker which can be used as a master AC disconnect switch.

2. The AC wiring shall utilize stranded wire, Type SO or Type SEO cord with a WA suffix, rated at 600V and 194ºF, covered with a minimum 300°F flame retardant wire loom, or approved wire in conduit.

3. All products shall be used only in the manner for which they were tested and found suitable.

4. Other sources of AC power shall be wired in full conformity with the requirements of this standard.

5. Grounding shall be in accordance with Section 250-6 [Portable and Vehicle Mounted Generators] of the National Electrical Code (NEC).

6. All 125-volt AC receptacle outlets of the ambulance shall have ground fault circuit interrupter protection.

7. Where rigid metal conduit or intermediate metal conduit is terminated at an enclosure with a lock nut and bushing connection; two lock nuts shall be provided, one inside and one outside of the enclosure. All cut ends of conduit shall be reamed or otherwise finished to remove rough edges.

8. Boxes are required for all inlets and/or outlets.

9. Non-metallic boxes shall be acceptable only with non-metallic conduit.

10. Boxes shall be mounted in accordance with Article 370 [OUTLET, DEVICE, PULL AND

JUNCTION BOXES, CONDUIT BODIES AND FITTINGS] of the NEC.

11. No bend shall have a radius of less than five times the cable or conduit diameter, whichever is greater.

12. Tubing, conduit and loom shall be supported with clamps at the outlet boxes, distribution panel boards and splice boxes on appliances. Supports shall be provided every 24".

13. Where subject to physical damage, exposed type SO cable will be protected by guard strips, raceways or other means.

14. The branch circuit over current devices shall be rated:

a) Not more than the circuit conductors and

b) Not more than 150% of the rating of a single appliance rated 13.3 amperes or more and supplied by an individual branch circuit, or according to the appliance manufacturer, but

c) Not more than the over current protection size marked on motor-operated appliances

3.7.8.4 DISTRIBUTION BOX.

1. The distribution box shall be of the dead-front type and shall be installed in a readily accessible location.

2. The distribution panel board shall have a grounding bus with sufficient terminals for all chassis grounding and separate neutral grounding conductors or other approved grounding means.

3. The grounded circuit conductor (neutral) shall be insulated from the equipment grounding conductors and from equipment enclosures and other grounded parts. The grounded (neutral) circuit terminals in the distribution panel board and in appliances shall be insulated from the equipment enclosure.

3.7.8.5 INTERIOR EQUIPMENT GROUNDING.

1) In the electrical system, all exposed metal parts, enclosures, frames, fixtures, canopies, etc., shall be effectively bonded to the grounding terminals or enclosure of the distribution panel board.

2) Only bare wires, green colored or green wires with yellow stripes shall be used for equipment grounding conductors.

3) Grounding of electrical equipment shall be provided as follows:

a) Connection of metal raceway, i.e., conduit or electrical metallic tubing.

b) A connection between the one or more equipment grounding conductor and a metal box by means of a grounding screw (which shall be used for no other purpose) or a listed grounding device.

c) The equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be secured under a screw threaded into the fixture canopy other than a mounting screw or cover screw or attached to a listed grounding means (plate) in a non-metallic outlet box for fixture mounting (grounding means shall also be permitted for fixture attachment screws).

d) A connection between the one or more equipment grounding conductors brought into a non-metallic outlet box shall be so arranged that a connection can be made to any fitting or device in that box which requires grounding.

e) Where more than one equipment grounding conductor or branch circuit enters a box, all such conductors shall be in good electrical contact with each other and the arrangement shall be such that the disconnection or removal of a receptacle, fixture, or other device fed from the box will not interfere with or interrupt the grounding continuity.

f) Cord-connected appliances shall be grounded by means of an approved cord with equipment grounding conductor and grounding attachment plug.

3.7.8.6 BONDING OF NON-CURRENT-CARRYING METAL PARTS.

1) All exposed non-current carrying metal parts that may become energized shall be effectively bonded to the grounding terminal or enclosure of the distribution panel board.

2) A bonding conductor shall be connected between the distribution panel board and an accessible terminal on the chassis. Aluminum or coppered aluminum conductors SHALL NOT be used. Any ambulance that employs a unitized metal chassis-frame construction to which the distribution panel is securely fastened with a bolt and nut shall be considered to be bonded.

3) Grounding terminals may be of the solderless type and listed as pressure terminal connectors recognized for the wire size used. The bonding conductor shall be copper strand and equal in amperage capacity to the main supply cables.

4) The ambulance body and exterior covering shall be considered bonded where:

a) The metal panels overlap one another…