MIL-STD-188-164B-Published.pdf

METRIC

MIL-STD-188-164B

DRAFT

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-188-164A

W/CHANGE 3

25 August 2009

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

INTERFACE STANDARD

INTEROPERABILITY OF

SHF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

TERMINALS

AMSC N/A AREA TCSS

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release;

distribution is unlimited.

“NOTE: This draft, dated 23 rd August

2011, prepared by DISA EE31 (Code

DC1), has not been approved and is subject to modification. DO NOT USE

PRIOR TO APPROVAL. (Project SISC

Only)” ii

FOREWORD

1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.

2. In accordance with DoD Instruction 4630.8, it is DoD policy that all joint and combined operations be supported by compatible, interoperable, and integrated Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) systems. All C3I systems developed for use by U.S. forces are considered for joint use. The Director, Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), serves as the DoD single point of contact for developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility. All C3I systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for compatibility and interoperability.

3. MIL-STDs in the 188 series (MIL-STD-188-XXX) address telecommunications design parameters and are to be used in all new DoD systems and equipment, or major upgrades thereto. The MIL-STD-188 series is subdivided into a MIL-STD-188-100 series, covering common standards for tactical and long-haul communications; a MIL-STD-188-200 series, covering standards for tactical communications only; and a MIL-STD-188-300 series, covering standards for long-haul communications. Emphasis is being placed on the development of common standards for tactical and long-haul communications (the MIL-STD-188-100 series). The MIL-STD-188 series may be based on, or make reference to, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, International Telecommunications Union Radio communication Sector (ITU-R) recommendations, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agreements (STANAG), and other standards, wherever applicable.

4. This standard establishes interoperability and performance requirements for Satellite Communications (SATCOM) Earth Terminals (ET) operating with satellite transponders in the C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and commercial and military Ka-bands.

5. Comments, suggestions, and questions on this document should be addressed to DISA, 6910 Cooper Ave., ATTN: EE31, Fort

Meade, MD 20755-5496. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information by using the ASSIST Online database at https://assist.daps.dla.mil.

iii

CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

FOREWORD........................................... i

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope

1.2 Implementation

1.3 Types

1.4 Request to tailor or deviate from the standard .. 2

1.5 Applicability

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General

2.2 Government documents

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and

publications

2.3 Non-Government publications

2.4 Order of precedence

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Definitions of terms

3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms

3.3 Antenna tracking

3.4 Earth terminal (ET)

3.5 Effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) .. 11

3.6 EIRP Spectral Density (ESD)

3.7 Equivalent Diameter

3.8 Extraneous emissions

3.9 G/T

3.10 Harmonics

3.11 Instantaneous bandwidth

3.12 Maximum-linear EIRP

3.13 Maximum-linear power

3.13.a Single carrier maximum-linear power

3.13.b Two carrier maximum-linear power

3.14 Pointing

3.15 Pointing loss

3.16 Reception function

iv

3.17 Satellite system

3.18 Saturated power

3.19 Transmission function

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General

4.2 Transmission function

4.2.1 Transmit chain alignment

4.2.2 RF frequency bands

4.2.3 Tuning

4.2.4 EIRP stability and accuracy

4.2.5 Carrier frequency accuracy

4.2.6 Carrier power control accuracy, step size and

range

4.2.7 Transmit phase linearity

4.2.8 Transmit amplitude response

4.2.9 AC power line

4.2.10 Single sideband

4.2.11 Phase noise

4.2.12 Transmit thermal noise EIRP

4.2.13 Transmission function extraneous outputs

4.2.14 Harmonic emissions

4.2.15 Transmit-to-receive isolation

4.2.16 Intermodulation products in the receive band ... 20

4.2.17 Transmit spectrum inversion

4.2.18 Input Impedance

4.2.19 Transmit IF frequency

4.3 Reception function

4.3.1 RF frequency bands

4.3.2 Maximium power flux densities

4.3.3 Receive chain gain and IF interface

characteristics

4.3.4 Tuning

4.3.5 Receive conversion frequency accuracy

4.3.6 Receive phase linearity

4.3.7 Receive amplitude response

4.3.8 Receive phase noise

4.3.9 Receive spurious output

4.3.10 Receive spectrum inversions

4.3.11 Receive signal level stability

4.3.12 Antenna pointing loss

4.3.13 Receive IF frequency

v

4.4 Military Ka-band Antenna Requirements

4.4.1 Antenna sidelobe levels, transmit

4.4.2 Antenna polarization, transmit

4.4.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit

4.4.4 Antenna polarization, downlink, receive

4.4.5 Antenna axial ratio, receive

4.5 Military X-band antenna requirements

4.5.1 Antenna sidelobe levels, transmit EIRP ESD

4.5.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting

4.5.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit

4.5.4 Antenna polarization, downlink (receive)

4.5.5 Antenna axial ratio, receive

4.6 Frequency references

4.7 System implementation loss

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General

5.2 C-band antennas

5.2.1 Antenna sidelobe levels, uplink (transmit)

5.2.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting

5.2.3 Axial ratio, circular polarization, transmitting

5.2.4 RF reception radiation wave function

(downlink)

5.2.4.1 Antenna polarization, downlink (receive)

5.2.4.2 Antenna axial ratio

5.3 Commercial Ka-band antennas

5.3.1 Antenna sidelobe levels

5.3.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting

5.3.3 Antenna axial ratio

5.3.4 RF reception radiation wave function (downlink) 33

5.3.4.1 Antenna polarization

5.3.4.2 Antenna axial ratio

5.4 Commercial Ku-band antennas

5.4.1 Antenna sidelobe levels, transmit

5.4.2 Antenna polarization, transmit

5.4.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit

5.4.4 RF reception radiation wave function, downlink . 34

5.4.4.1 Antenna polarization, downlink, receive

5.4.4.2 Antenna axial ratio

5.5 Phase perturbation

5.6 ET control and monitoring function

vi

5.6.1 Control and monitoring parameters

5.6.2 Control response times

5.6.3 ET remote control and monitoring interface

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Acquisition requirements

6.3 Tailoring guidance

6.4 Subject term (key-word) listing

6.5 International standardization agreement

implementation

6.6 SHF SATCOM standards profile

6.7 RSS Theory

6.8 Antenna gain vs. pointing variations

6.9 Accounting for pointing loss differences between

uplink and downlink beams

6.10 Changes from previous issue

TABLES

I Transmit uplink frequency bands

II Downlink frequency requirements

III ET control and monitoring parameters

FIGURES

1 Terminal phase noise

2 Ka-Band EIRP spectral density Mask

3 X-Band EIRP spectral density Mask

4 SHF SATCOM standards profile

APPENDICES

Appendix A Land-Based Satellite Communications

On-the-Move (SATCOM OTM)

A.1 Scope

A.2 Uplink Inhibit

A.3 Antenna Pointing Loss vii

Appendix B Air-Based SATCOM OTM

B.1 Scope

B.2 EIRP stability and accuracy

B.3 Carrier frequency accuracy

B.4 Receive conversion frequency accuracy

B.5 Antenna Pointing Loss

Appendix C Sea-Based SATCOM OTM

C.1 Scope

C.2 Additional or modified requirements

CONCLUDING MATERIAL

viii

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1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope. This standard establishes mandatory Radio

Frequency/Intermediate Frequency (RF/IF) and associated interface requirements applicable to Satellite

Communications (SATCOM) Earth Terminals (ET) operating over military X-band and Ka-band Super High Frequency (SHF) channels. Military unique requirements for ET that may operate over commercial C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band are included. Equipment developers may exceed the requirements herein to satisfy specific program requirements, provided that interoperability is maintained. Thus, incorporating additional standard and nonstandard capabilities and interfaces is not precluded. Existing SHF SATCOM terminals need not conform to this MIL-STD unless they undergo a modernization program.

1.2 Implementation. In accordance with MIL-STD-962DwCN1, section 4 (General requirements) addresses requirements that apply to every terminal. Program managers may, according to MIL-

STD-962DwCN1 and DoD 4120.24-M, exercise their discretion to tailor those items in a standard being addressed in section 5

(Detailed requirements). Since terminal manufacturers and users have different requirements, it would be advantageous for them to have their terminals certified by the Terminal Certification

Authority, rather than being issued an assessment of limited certification. Thus, PMs may, with approval from the Terminal

Certification Authority, deviate from the requirements in section 4 and tailor out what is not required from section 5.

(They do not tailor out any section 4 requirements.) Special cases of general requirements are addressed in appendices for specific types of terminals. That way, the Terminal

Certification Authority can issue a full terminal certification for any terminal that implements section 4 as modified by that specific appendix. In summary, the terminal certification community can authorize a deviation to section 4, while the program office can tailor any section 5 requirement without the need for any terminal certification authority approval. Thus, the program office may instruct the manufacturer to replace the section 4 or 5 paragraph with the appropriate appendix paragraph.

1.3 Types. The main body of this document addresses

requirements applicable to all terminals, including stationary and mobile, On-The-Move (OTM), terminal types. Appendices are included and address the unique terminal types, broken into the following categories:

- Appendix A (Land-Based SATCOM OTM Terminals)

- Appendix B (Sea-Based SATCOM OTM Terminals)

- Appendix C (Air-Based SATCOM OTM Terminals)

The requirements in these appendices replace specific requirements in the body of the document.

1.4 Request to tailor or deviate from the standard.

Program managers may tailor and deviate from this standard in accordance with DoD 4120.24-M. Copies will be sent to the activity listed below:

U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command

Army Forces Strategic Command G6

Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) SSE

350 Vandenberg Street

Peterson AFB, CO 80914-2749

Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)

Attn: NS112/DSCS SSE

6190 Cooper Ave

Ft Meade, MD 20755

Preparing Activity for this standard (see foreword for the current address)

To ensure that the terminal will be able to pass terminal certification, prior to approving any tailoring or deviations, the program manager should process a request to tailor or deviate through the terminal certification authorities. The terminal certification authority for the Wideband Global SATCOM

(WGS) Communications System is Army Forces Strategic Command

(ARSTRAT). The terminal certification authority for the Defense

Satellite Communications System (DSCS) is DISA. The request should include the mission of the system, the rationale for tailoring or deviating, and both the technical and cost impact if the program is not allowed to tailor or deviate from the standard.

1.5 Applicability. These interface and performance

specifications are applicable for satellite terminals used to communicate through transponders on the DSCS and the WGS. The military unique requirements for SHF SATCOM terminals that operate over commercial C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band are applicable when the terminal is used to provide access into the

Global Information Grid.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are

specified in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard, or recommended for additional information, or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements within documents cited in sections 3, 4, and 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The

following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS

MIL-STD-188-115 Interoperability and Performance

Standards for Communications

Timing and Synchronization

Subsystems

MIL-STD-188-165

Interoperability of SHF Satellite

Communications PSK Modems (FDMA

Operation)

MIL-STD-962 Department of Defense Standard

Practice, Defense Standards Format and Content

(Copies of these documents are available online at https://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the

Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and

publications. The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

DEFENSE STANDARDIZATION PROGRAM OFFICE

DoD 4120.24-M Defense Standardization Program

Policies and Procedures

(Copies of this document are available online at https://assist.daps.dla.mil/ or from the DoD Single Stock Point, Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robins Avenue, Building

4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

47 CFR – Part 25 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 25

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/cfrassemble.cgi?title=199847 or from Mail Order Sales, Superintendent of Documents, ATTN: New

Orders, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. For charge orders, telephone the Government Printing Office order desk at

202-783-3238.)

2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents

form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION

(INTELSAT) EARTH STATION STANDARDS (IESS)

IESS-601 Standard G, Performance

Characteristics for Earth

Stations Accessing the INTELSAT

Space Segment for International and Domestic Services Not

Covered by Other Earth Station

Standards

(Copies of IESS documents may be obtained from INTELSAT online at http://www.intelsat.com/)

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE)

IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Ethernet) Access Method

(Copies are available from www.ieee.org or IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway. NJ 08854-4141).

NATO STANDARDS AGREEMENT (STANAG) DOCUMENTS

STANAG 4430 Precise Time and Frequency Interface and Its Management for Military

Electronic Systems

STANAG 4484 Overall Super High Frequency SHF)

Military Satellite Communications

(MILSATCOM)Interoperability

Standard.

STANAG 4486 Super High Frequency(SHF) Military

Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM)

Frequency Division Multiple Access

(FDMA) NON-EPM MODEM For Services

Conforming to Class-B of STANAG 4484

(Copies of STANAG documents may be obtained from NATO

Standardization Agency online at https://nsa.nato.int/nsa/)

2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or

in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specified exemption has been obtained.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Definition of terms. Definitions of terms not listed

below are as defined in American National Standard T1.523-2001, Telcom Glossary T1.523.2001.

3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms. The abbreviations and

acronyms used in this MIL-STD are defined as follows:

AC alternating current

AM amplitude modulation

ANSI American National Standards Institute bps bits per second

CMA control, monitor, and alarm

CW continuous wave

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence dB Decibel dBc ratio of a non-carrier power component to the total power in a carrier, expressed in dB dBi gain in dB relative to an isotropic antenna dBm dB relative to 1-milliwatt dBW dB relative to 1-watt

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency

DoD Department of Defense

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System

EIA Electronic Industries Association

EIRP effective isotropically radiated power

ESD EIRP spectral density

ET earth terminal

FED-STD Federal standard

Gant antenna gain

GHz Gigahertz

G/T antenna receive gain-to-noise temperature

HPA high-power amplifier

Hz

IEEE

Hertz

Institute of Electrical and Electronic

Engineers

IESS INTELSAT earth station standard

IF intermediate frequency

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite

Organization

ISO International Organization for

Standardization

ITU-R International Telecommunications Union Radio communication Sector

K kelvin kHz kilohertz

LHCP left-hand circular polarization

LNA low-noise amplifier m2 square meter

Mbps megabits per second

MHz megahertz

MIL-STD military standard

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

PM phase modulation

Psat saturated power

Plinear maximum-linear power

RF radio frequency

RHCP right-hand circular polarization

RMS

RSS

root-mean-square root-sum-square

Rs symbol rate

Rx receive

SATCOM satellite communications

SHF super high frequency

SNMP simple network management protocol

SOTM satellite communications on-the-move

SOW statement of work

SSE SATCOM systems expert

STANAG standardization agreement (NATO)

Tx transmit

UAV unmanned aerial vehicle

VSWR voltage standing wave ratio

WGS Wideband Global SATCOM

3.3 Antenna tracking. Denotes when an antenna system is

actively measuring a RF source for the purpose of optimally positioning the antenna to point its electrical boresight towards the RF source. This type of antenna control is also referred to as closed-loop pointing.

3.4 Earth terminal (ET). The portion of a satellite system

that receives and transmits RF signals to and from a satellite.

The earth terminal is delimited by the IF interface to the modem and the RF air interface including radome (if used). All earth terminal and antenna specifications must be met with radome performance included. For some requirements, modem functionality is included.

3.5 Effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP). The

product of the power supplied to an antenna and its gain relative to a hypothetical antenna that radiates or receives equally in all directions.

3.6 EIRP Spectral Density (ESD). ESD is calculated as

EIRP/symbol rate.

3.7 Equivalent Diameter. For non-circular apertures, the

equivalent diameter (De) may be computed by:

Where A = Aperture Area

3.8 Extraneous emissions. Emissions that result from

spurious tones, bands of noise, or other undesirable signals, but that exclude uplink RF harmonics and intermodulation products.

3.9 G/T. G/T is the receive antenna gain-to-noise

temperature (G/T) in dBi/K. Minimum G/T is measured while operating with the transmitter 'on' in a clear-sky condition, at the lowest frequency in the band, at a 10-degree elevation angle, and at 23 degrees Celsius.

3.10 Harmonics. A harmonic is a component frequency of the

signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency.

3.11 Instantaneous bandwidth. The range over which a

system's passband amplitude and phase response vs. frequency remains compliant without any tuning, where compliance is governed by the transmit phase linearity, transmit amplitude response, receive phase linearity, receive amplitude response sections in this standard.

3.12 Maximum-linear EIRP. The ET EIRP expressed in dBW at

maximum-linear power as defined in 3.11.

3.13 Maximum-linear power. For terminals with a single

carrier, the definition is in subparagraph a below. For a terminal capable of supporting multiple carriers, this is defined as the lesser value of subparagraphs a or b below.

a. Single carrier maximum-linear power. For a single carrier, the maximum-linear power will be defined as the carrier power where the first spectral regrowth sidelobe (measured at

1.0 symbol rate [expressed in Hz from the carrier center frequency]) of the modulated carrier is -30-dBc.

b. Two carrier maximum-linear power. The maximum combined transmit power of two equal amplitude continuous wave

(CW) carriers, when the third order intermodulation product power is –25 dB relative to the combined power of the two CW carriers.

3.14 Pointing. The action taken by the antenna control

system to command the antenna’s electrical boresight to a certain vector without regard to the antenna control system’s method of determining the vector.

3.15 Pointing loss. The decrease in gain, relative to the

peak gain, and in the direction of the intended target, that results from the antenna control system’s point error.

3.16 Reception function. The reception function

receives RF signals from a satellite, provides low-noise amplification, and downconverts the RF signal to an IF signal.

The reception function includes all the equipment from the RF input (including radome if used) to the IF output.

3.17 Satellite system. A communications system that

includes two or more ETs, a communications satellite or a space platform, and a control system.

3.18 Saturated power. The single-carrier output power

level of an active device (typically a high-power amplifier

[HPA]) where the input power change-to-output power change ratio is 10:1.

3.19 Transmission function. The transmission function up-

converts the IF signal to a RF signal, amplifies the RF signal, and transmits the RF signal to a satellite. The transmission function includes all the equipment from the IF input to the RF output, including radome (if used).

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 General. Unless a specific band is identified in a

paragraph, each paragraph in this section applies to all bands of operation.

4.2 Transmission function. The transmission function shall

perform in accordance with 4.2.1 through 4.2.21.

4.2.1 Transmit chain alignment. Transmit chain alignment

functions (attenuators) shall be provided between all active components in the transmit chain. These transmit chain alignment functions (attenuators) shall be physically separate and distinct from transmit power control functions. Transmit chain alignment shall be determined with the following conditions:

• All power control attenuators shall be set to 0 dB.

• Any single modem Tx function shall be set to maximum output power with all other modem Tx functions disabled.

With the above conditions set, transmit chain alignment functions shall be adjusted/enabled to cause the following device states:

• HPA operates at Plinear.

• All other active devices operate at or near their individual PSAT-10 dB points to within the tolerances specified in section 4.2.8 “Transmit Amplitude

Response.”

Compliance with transmission function requirements sections

4.2.2 through 4.2.21 shall be maintained.

4.2.2 RF frequency bands. The transmission function shall

be tunable in one or more of the SHF frequency bands listed in table I.

TABLE I. Transmit uplink frequency bands.

SHF FREQUENCY BAND

FREQUENCY (GHz)

C-band 5.850 to 6.650

X-band 7.900 to 8.400

Ku-band 13.750 to 14.500

Commercial Ka-band 27.500 to 30.000

Military Ka-band 30.000 to 31.000

4.2.3 Tuning. The upconversion function shall be tunable

in 1.0-kHz increments, in conjunction with the modem, starting at the lowest frequency for each band, as listed in table I.

The instantaneous bandwidth shall be available at any tuned uplink frequency in 4.2.2, as long as the instantaneous bandwidth does not extend beyond the band edges.

4.2.4 EIRP stability and accuracy. For any setting of the

transmit gain and a constant IF input level, the EIRP in the direction of the satellite shall not vary more than 2.5 dB peak to peak in any 24-hour period. This tolerance, added on a root-sum-square (RSS) basis, includes all ET factors contributing to the EIRP variation, including output power level instability and power variations due to pointing losses. See

6.7 through 6.9 for RSS theory and determination of power variations due to pointing losses.

The formula for RSS error is

PP +

where

P1 = transmit function output power level instability in dB

P2 = uplink power variations, in dB, in the direction of the satellite caused by pointing losses

This does not include adverse weather conditions or any other effects not controlled by the ET. For dual-band simultaneous operation, the variable P2 shall be evaluated in the highest operational RF band.

4.2.5 Carrier frequency accuracy. The carrier frequency

accuracy at the antenna feed shall be within 1-kHz of the intended value for all RF carriers. The carrier frequency accuracy shall be maintained for a 90-day period or more without recalibration.

4.2.6 Carrier power control accuracy, step size and range.

The absolute accuracy of the carrier power control attenuator(s) shall be within 1 dB of the selected attenuator value. The relative accuracy associated with the smallest step increment shall be within 0.1 dB. The minimum step size shall not exceed

0.25 dB. The minimum carrier power control range shall be sufficient to attenuate the signal from maximum linear EIRP to

60 dBm as given by the following equation:

Min Range (dB) = Maximum-linear EIRP (dBm) – 60 (dBm)

The power control range can be met using the combination of the terminal and modem power adjustment. When a carrier power change is initiated, the controlled carrier’s power shall transition monotonically and shall not induce burst errors into the controlled carrier’s bit stream or into the adjacent carrier’s bit stream (adjacent carrier spaced at 1.2 Rs).

4.2.7 Transmit phase linearity. Departure from phase

linearity of the transmission function, when operating at any point up to the maximum-linear power, shall not exceed the following:

± 0.2 radians or less over any 2-MHz of instantaneous bandwidth.

± 0.4 radians over any 36-MHz of instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.5 radians over any 72-MHz of instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.6 radians over any 90-MHz of instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.7 radians over any 120-MHz of instantaneous bandwidth

4.2.8 Transmit amplitude response. Amplitude variations of

the transmission (uplink) function at the input to the antenna feed, when operating at the maximum-linear power, shall not exceed the following:

± 0.5 dB over any 10 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth

± 1.5 dB over any 120 MHz or smaller instantaneous bandwidth (10 MHz < instantaneous bandwidth < 120 MHz)

± 2.0 dB for each output frequency band listed in table I

(NOTE: This may be exceeded if the terminal meets all implementation loss requirements mandated by the appropriate satellite communications systems expert (SSE).

4.2.9 AC power line. The sum of the fundamental and all

harmonic components of the alternating current (AC) line frequency shall not exceed -30 dBc.

4.2.10 Single sideband. The single sideband sum (added on

a power basis) of all other individual spurious components shall not exceed -36 dBc.

4.2.11 Phase noise. The single sideband power spectral

density of the continuous phase noise component shall comply with the envelope defined on figure 1. If specific points associated with the measured phase noise plot exceed the figure

1 envelope, then the following two conditions shall be met:

a. The single sideband phase noise due to the continuous component, when integrated over the bandwidth from 10-Hz to 16-kHz relative to carrier center frequency, shall be less than 3.4 degrees-RMS (two-sided value of 4.8 degrees-RMS).

FIGURE 1. Terminal phase noise.

b. The single sideband phase noise due to the continuous component, when integrated over the bandwidth from 1%RS to RS hertz relative to carrier center frequency, shall be less than the value obtained when integrating the figure 1 plot over the same limits. This requirement shall be verified at the lowest and highest symbol rate. This requirement applies to all operational symbol rates (Rs).

4.2.12 Transmit thermal noise EIRP. For terminals with

antenna gain less than or equal to 45 dBi, the thermal noise EIRP spectral density shall not exceed –10 dBm/Hz at X-band and -20 dBm/Hz at Ka-band. For terminals with antenna gain greater than 45 dBi, the thermal noise EIRP spectral density shall not exceed the value given by: -55 + Gant (dBm/Hz) at X-band and the value given by: -65 + Gant (dBm/Hz) at Ka-band. The above requirements are to be met with any one modem/upconverter string on line.

4.2.13 Transmission function extraneous outputs. With the

transmission equipment aligned and the power control attenuator(s) set to provide maximum-linear power (that is, the maximum-linear power is set by using a CW signal connected into the IF interface), the EIRP of extraneous emissions as measured over any 10-kHz bandwidth shall be no greater than 37 dBm or -60 dBc, or whichever is larger. This requirement excludes a 2-MHz band centered on the carrier.

4.2.14 Harmonic emissions. The level of all harmonics of

the transmit carriers shall not exceed -60 dBc when measured at maximum-linear power.

4.2.15 Transmit-to-receive isolation. Transmit-to-receive

isolation shall be such that there is less than 0.1 dB increase in receive noise density over the table II frequency band with the transmitter operating at any EIRP level, compared to the receive performance with the transmitter turned off.

4.2.16 Intermodulation products in the receive band. For

all receive frequency bands of operation, the intermodulation products appearing at the low-noise amplifier (LNA) input due to two equal power transmit communications carriers shall be no greater than -135-dBm. The requirements of this paragraph shall be met with each transmit carrier at any frequency in the transmit band and the power in each carrier shall be 3 dB below maximum-linear EIRP. This requirement applies to ETs supporting multiple communication carrier transmission.

4.2.17 Transmit spectrum inversion. No inversion of

spectrum shall exist between any IF input and the antenna output for ETs operating with a non-embedded modem(s). Terminals with embedded modems shall be interoperable with terminals that do not have embedded modems.

4.2.18 Input Impedance. The input impedance shall be 50

ohms or 75 ohms, as needed, with a VSWR less than 1.5:1 over the specified bandwidth.

4.2.19 Transmit IF frequency. An IF input interface

centered at one or more of the following frequencies shall be provided, where the ± amounts represent instantaneous bandwidths that are consistent with the following phase linearity requirements of paragraph 4.2.7 and the amplitude response requirements of paragraph 4.2.8:

70 MHz ± 18 MHz

140 MHz ± 36 MHz

700 MHz ± 62.5 MHz

1,350 MHz ± 400 MHz

1,500 MHz ± 500 MHz

2,700 MHz ± 500 MHz

4.3. Reception function. The reception function shall be in

accordance with 4.3.1 through 4.3.13.

4.3.1 RF frequency bands. The down-conversion function

shall be tunable in one or more of the SHF frequency bands listed in table II.

TABLE II. Downlink frequency requirements.

SHF FREQUENCY BAND FREQUENCY (GHz)

C-band 3.400 to 4.200

X-band 7.250 to 7.750

Ku-band 10.950 to 12.750

Commercial Ka-band 17.700 to 20.200

Military Ka-band 20.200 to 21.200

4.3.2 Maximum power flux densities. All reception functions

shall be met with the maximum power-flux densities as follows:

a. X-band:

-142 dBW /meter2 in any 4-kHz band

b. Military Ka-band:

-112 dBW/meter2 in any 1-MHz band

4.3.3 Receive chain gain and IF interface characteristics.

The receive chain (antenna interface to terminal IF interface) shall exhibit the following characteristics:

a. The post-LNA contribution to the system noise temperature shall not exceed 0.2 dB.

b. The receive chain absolute gain shall be sufficient to raise the IF interface noise power spectral density, when pointing to a cold sky away from a geosynchronous satellite at an angle of 30 degrees, to at least -103-dBm/Hz.

c. The RF to IF gain adjustment shall be at least 20 dB in steps of 1 dB or less.

d. With two equal-power modulated carriers, with a combined level equivalent to that from the antenna when receiving the maximum power flux density at the receive chain input, any third order intermodulation product power spectral density (PSD) at the IF output shall be at least 10 dB below the noise floor PSD.

e. The output impedance at the terminal IF interface shall be 50 ohms or 75 ohms, as needed, with a VSWR less than 1.5:1 over the specified bandwidth.

4.3.4 Tuning. The downconversion function shall be tunable

in 1.0 kHz increments, in conjunction with the modem starting at the lowest frequency for each band, as listed in table II. The instantaneous bandwidth shall be available at any tuned downlink frequency in 4.3.2, as long as the instantaneous bandwidth does not extend beyond the band edges identified in 4.3.2.

4.3.5 Receive conversion frequency accuracy. The down-

conversion frequency accuracy shall be within 1-kHz of the intended value for all received RF carriers. Down-conversion frequency accuracy shall be maintained for a 90-day period or more without recalibration.

4.3.6 Receive phase linearity. The RF-to-IF phase response

of the reception function shall not deviate from linear by more than the following amounts:

± 0.2 radians over any 2-MHz instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.4 radians over any 36-MHz instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.5 radians over any 72-MHz instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.6 radians over any 90-MHz instantaneous bandwidth

± 0.7 radians over any 120-MHz instantaneous bandwidth

4.3.7 Receive amplitude response. Amplitude variations as

measured at the terminal IF output (demodulator input) shall not exceed the following.

± 0.5 dB over any 10 MHz instantaneous bandwidth

± 1.5 dB over any 120 MHz or smaller instantaneous bandwidth (10 MHz < instantaneous bandwidth < 120MHz)

± 2.0 dB for each output frequency band listed in table III

(NOTE: This may be exceeded if the terminal meets all implementation loss requirements mandated by the appropriate

SSE.)

4.3.8 Receive phase noise. The receive function shall meet

phase noise requirements as defined in 4.2.11.

4.3.9 Receive spurious output. The sum total of spurious

signal power (includes phase noise) measured at the IF output shall be at least 20 dB below the thermal noise power measured in the instantaneous bandwidth supported by the IF. No one spurious signal shall exceed -60 dBc. The requirements of this paragraph shall be met under the following simultaneous conditions:

a. Transmitting a single carrier at maximum-linear power

b. Receiving one carrier at the maximum input signal level to the LNA

(NOTE: The ET procurement documents will define the maximum input signal level and narrowest bandwidth of interest.)

4.3.10 Receive spectrum inversions. No inversion of

spectrum shall exist between any RF input and the IF output of the terminal.

4.3.11 Receive signal level stability. For any setting of

the receive gain and for a constant RF flux density level, the receive function output level shall not vary more than ± 2.0 dB in any 24-hour period.

4.3.12 Antenna pointing loss. Antenna pointing loss shall

not exceed 0.8 dB for systems employing tracking and 1.0 dB for systems without tracking. For maximum operational wind velocities, the pointing loss shall not exceed 2.0 dB for both tracking and non-tracking systems. This loss shall be translated to the appropriate uplink loss in accordance with

6.9, and used as the P2 (power variations in the direction of the satellite caused by pointing losses) RSS contribution to the

EIRP stability and accuracy specification in 4.2.4.

4.3.13 Receive IF frequency. An IF output interface

centered at one or more of the following frequencies shall be provided where the ± amounts represent the instantaneous bandwidths that are consistent with the following phase linearity requirements of 4.2.7 and the amplitude response requirements of 4.2.8:

a. 70 MHz ± 18 MHz

b. 140 MHz ± 36 MHz

c. 700 MHz ± 62.5 MHz

d. 1,350 MHz ± 400 MHz

e. 1,500 MHz ± 500 MHz

f. 2,700 MHz ± 500 MHz

4.4 Military Ka-band Antenna Requirements.

4.4.1 Antenna sidelobe levels and transmit EIRP Spectral

Density (ESD). The antenna sidelobe and ESD requirements are described in a and b (below):

a. De/λλλλ ≥ 50. The gain of the antenna in the GSO plane, including radome effects, shall be such that at least 90% of the sidelobe peaks do not exceed the mask given below and no individual peak exceeds the mask by more than 3dB.

G(θ) = 29-25 log10 θ (dBi) for 1° or 100 λ/De °

(whichever is larger, up to 2°) ≤ θ < 20°

G(θ) = -3.5 (dBi) for 20° ≤ θ ≤ 26.3°

G(θ) = 32-25 log10 θ (dBi), for 26.3° < θ < 48°

G(θ) = -10 (dBi), for 48° ≤ θ ≤ 180° where

G = gain relative to an isotropic antenna θ = off-axis angle in the direction of the satellite referred to the main-lobe axis

De = equivalent antenna diameter, and λ = wavelength (same units as De, computed from 31.0

GHz as reference frequency)

b. EIRP Spectral Density (ESD). For all terminals, ESD in the GSO plane shall not exceed the following:

ESD(θ) = -6.4 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 2.0° ≤ θ < 20.0°

ESD(θ) = -38.9 (dBW/Hz) for 20.0° ≤ θ ≤ 26.3°

ESD(θ) = -3.4 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 26.3° < θ < 48.0°

ESD(θ) = -45.4 (dBW/Hz) for 48° ≤ θ ≤ 180° where symbols are defined above.

The ESD requirement shall be met while incorporating transmit RMS pointing errors. The Figure 2 below illustrates the ESD mask defined by the above parameters:

FIGURE 2. Ka-Band EIRP Spectral Density Mask.

4.4.2 Antenna polarization, transmit. The antenna shall be

capable of transmitting right-hand (clockwise) circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand (counterclockwise) circular polarization (LHCP). However, military Ka-band terminals do not have to operate simultaneously with right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations.

4.4.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit. The military Ka-band

transmit axial ratio shall be no greater than 1.0 dB.

4.4.4 Antenna polarization, downlink, receive. The

antennas for military Ka-band terminal types shall be capable of receiving left-hand (counter-clockwise) and right-hand

(clockwise) circular polarization (RHCP). However, military Ka-band terminals do not have to operate simultaneously with right-hand and left-hand circular polarizations.

4.4.5 Antenna axial ratio, receive. The military Ka-

band receive axial ratio shall be no greater than 1.5 dB.

4.5 Military X-band antenna requirements.

4.5.1 Antenna sidelobe levels and transmit EIRP

Spectral Density (ESD). The antenna sidelobe and ESD requirements are described in a and b (below):

a. De/λλλλ ≥ 50. The gain of the antenna in the GSO plane, including radome effects, shall be such that at least 90% of the sidelobe peaks do not exceed the mask given below and no individual peak exceeds the mask by more than 3dB.

G(θ) = 29-25 log10 θ (dBi) for 1° or 100 λ/De °

(whichever is larger, up to 2°) ≤ θ < 20°

G(θ) = -3.5 (dBi) for 20° ≤ θ ≤ 26.3°

G(θ) = 32-25 log10 θ (dBi), for 26.3° < θ < 48°

G(θ) = -10 (dBi), for 48° ≤ θ ≤ 180° where

G = gain relative to an isotropic antenna θ = off-axis angle in the direction of the satellite referred to the main-lobe axis

De = equivalent antenna diameter, and λ = wavelength (same units as De, computed from 8400

MHz as reference frequency)

b. EIRP Spectral Density (ESD). For all terminals, ESD in the GSO plane shall not exceed the following:

ESD(θ) = 2.351 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 2.0° ≤ θ < 3.8°

ESD(θ) = -13.0 (dBW/Hz) for θ = 3.8°

ESD(θ) = 1.49 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 3.8° < θ < 5.0°

ESD(θ) = -3.97 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 5.0° ≤ θ < 6.94°

ESD(θ) = -25.0 (dBW/Hz) for 6.94° ≤ θ ≤ 12.42°

ESD(θ) =2.35 – 25 log10 θ (dBW/Hz) for 12.42° < θ < 48.0°

ESD(θ) = -39.65 (dBW/Hz) for 48° ≤ θ ≤ 180° where symbols are defined above.

The ESD requirement shall be met while incorporating transmit RMS pointing errors. The Figure 3 below illustrates the mask defined by the above parameters:

FIGURE 3. X-Band EIRP Spectral Density Mask

4.5.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting. The antenna

shall be capable of transmitting right-hand (clockwise) circular polarization (RHCP).

4.5.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit. The axial ratio for

X-band circularly polarized beams shall be no greater than

2.0-dB over the transmit band.

4.5.4 Antenna polarization, downlink (receive). The

antennas for all X-band terminal types shall be capable of receiving left-hand (counter-clockwise) circular polarization

(LHCP).

4.5.5 Antenna axial ratio, receive. The X-band receive

axial ratio shall be no greater than 2.0 dB.

4.6 Frequency references. If a terminal is capable of

accepting an external frequency reference, the terminal shall accept at least one of the following: an external MIL-STD-188-

115 5-MHz frequency reference or an external MIL-STD-188-115 10-

MHz frequency reference.

For an external frequency reference that is global positioning system (GPS) dependent, that is a GPS Disciplined

Oscillator (GPSDO) the following requirements shall apply:

The GPSDO shall be an approved Selective Availability Anti-

Spoofing Module SAASM receiver or have the ability for an external time code input i.e. a Defense Advanced GPS Receiver

(DAGR) in accordance with GPS-ICD-060, and also in STANAG 4430.

The external input includes 1PPS, 56 bit/sec time of Day and

Have Quick time code.

The Long Term final RF frequency stability drift (when using a GPSDO) shall not be greater than 1 kHz in a 90 day period without calibration and without GPS aided signal (GPS

Antenna disconnected). The Long Term frequency stability drift shall not be greater than 1 kHz in a 90 day period when the GPS aided signal is active.

The stability of the 10MHz or 5MHz reference source shall have the following Allan Deviation under the following conditions:

t=1 second <1.5E-11 t=10 second <1.5E-11 t=100 second <1.5E-11 t=1000 second <1.5E-11

a) These Allan Deviation values shall be met with and without GPS aided signal.

b) On initial GPS receiver turn on (cold start) with the

GPS antenna disconnected; then connected antenna within 1 hour

c) Under full vibration, temperature shock, and shock caused by hammer impact per MIL-STD-188-164A paragraph 5.2.3.11

4.7 System implementation loss. Total implementation loss

shall be less than 2.0 dB for all modem operational parameters when operating in satellite loopback. The reference used to measure implementation loss is the measured modem Eb/No performance using a MIL-STD-188-165A certified modem with QPSK rate ½ CEVD with randomizer and differential encoding/decoding

on. Implementation loss includes the effects of traversing the terminal uplink and downlink equipment as well as the satellite.

This shall be tested at low, mid, and high operational data rates.

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General. The paragraphs in this section apply to the

specific antennas referenced in the standard.

5.2 C-band antennas.

5.2.1 Antenna sidelobe levels, uplink (transmit). The

terminal antenna and RF performance shall be in accordance with the mandatory requirements of IESS-601 or the performance standards established in 47CFR Part 25, as appropriate for the anticipated class of terminal operation.

5.2.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting. The antennas

shall be able to transmit horizontal linear and vertical linear polarizations simultaneously and right-hand circular and left-hand circular polarizations simultaneously. However, these terminals are not required to operate with both linear and circular polarizations at the same time. The ET linear feed shall be adjustable to match the satellite polarization angle to within 1-degree (clear sky).

5.2.3 Axial ratio, circular polarization, transmitting.

The axial ratio applies to all directions within the cone defined by the antenna pointing errors that corresponds to the appropriate pointing loss requirement.

a. Circular polarized antennas with diameter larger than

2.5 meters. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall not exceed 1.09 (27.3 dB polarization discrimination).

b. Circular polarized antennas with diameter 2.5 meters or smaller. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall not exceed 1.3 (17.7 dB polarization discrimination).

c. Linear polarized antennas with diameter larger than 4.5 meters. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall exceed 31.6 (30.0 dB polarization discrimination).

d. Linear polarized antennas with diameter 4.5 meters or smaller. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall exceed 22.4 (27.0 dB polarization discrimination).

5.2.4 RF reception radiation wave function (downlink). The

ET reception function shall conform to the following requirements when the maximum power-flux density is as follows:

-152.0 dBW/meter2 in any 4-kHz band where 0º ≤ θ ≤ 5º

-149.5 dBW/meter2 in any 4-kHz band where 5º < θ ≤ 25º

-142.0 dBW/meter2 in any 4-kHz band where 25º < θ ≤ 90º

Theta is equal to elevation angle of the earth terminal.

5.2.4.1 Antenna polarization, downlink (receive). The

downlink antennas shall be able to receive linear (horizontal and vertical) and circular (right-hand and left-hand) polarization simultaneously. The ET linear feed(s) shall be adjustable to match the satellite polarization angle to within

1-degree (clear sky).

5.2.4.2 Antenna axial ratio. Receive ET antennas shall

comply with the axial ratio requirements in 5.2.3.

5.3 Commercial Ka-band antennas.

5.3.1 Antenna sidelobe levels. The terminal antenna and RF

performance shall be in accordance with the mandatory requirements established in 47CFR Part 25, as appropriate for the anticipated class of terminal operation.

5.3.2 Antenna polarization, transmitting. The antenna

shall be able to transmit linear (horizontal and vertical) and circular (right-hand and left-hand) polarization; however, the antenna shall not be required to transmit linear and circular polarizations at the same time. The ET linear feed shall be adjustable to match the satellite polarization angle to within

1-degree (clear sky).

5.3.3 Antenna axial ratio. There are no military unique

requirements for commercial Ka-band antennas.

5.3.4 RF reception radiation wave function (downlink). The

ET reception function shall conform to the following requirements when the maximum power-flux density is -115 dBW/meter2 in any 1-MHz band.

5.3.4.1 Antenna polarization. The downlink antenna shall

be able to receive linear (vertical and horizontal) and circular

(right-hand and left-hand) simultaneously. The earth terminal shall be capable of matching the satellite polarization angle to within 1-degree (clear sky).

5.3.4.2 Antenna axial ratio. There are no military unique

requirements for commercial Ka-band antennas.

5.4 Commercial Ku-band antennas.

5.4.1 Antenna sidelobe levels transmit. The terminal

antenna and RF performance shall be in accordance with the mandatory requirements of IESS-601 or the performance standards established in 47CFR Part 25, as appropriate for the anticipated class of terminal operation.

5.4.2 Antenna polarization, transmit. The antenna

shall be able to transmit horizontal linear and vertical linear polarizations; one polarization at a time. The ET feed(s) shall be adjustable to match the satellite polarization angle to within 1-degree (clear sky).

5.4.3 Antenna axial ratio, transmit. The axial ratio

of transmission for linearly polarized beams shall be as described below:

a. Antenna with diameter larger than 2.5 meters. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall exceed 31.6 (30.0 dB polarization discrimination).

b. Antenna with diameter 2.5 meters or smaller. The voltage axial ratio of transmission in the direction of the satellite shall exceed 20.0 (26.0 dB polarization isolation).

5.4.4 RF reception radiation wave function, downlink. The

ET reception function shall conform to the following paragraphs when the maximum power-flux density is as follows:

-150.0 dBW/meter2 in any 1-kHz band where 0º ≤ θ ≤ 5º

-147.5 dBW/meter2 in any 4-kHz band where 5º < θ ≤ 25º

-140.0 dBW/meter2 in any 4-kHz band where 25º < θ ≤ 90º

5.4.4.1 Antenna polarization, downlink, receive. Antenna

shall be able to receive horizontal linear and vertical linear polarizations; one polarization at a time. The ET shall be adjustable to match the satellite polarization angle to within

1-degree (clear sky).

5.4.4.2 Antenna axial ratio. Receive ET antennas shall

comply with the axial requirements in 5.3.3.

5.5 Phase perturbation. The transmission function shall

not change the linear phase of the output RF signal by more than 20 degrees in 0.2 seconds and the receive function shall not change the linear phase of the input RF signal by more than 20-degrees in 0.2-seconds, each under the following conditions:

a. Exposure to temperature shock from a nominal 23oC. The temperature range shall include the lowest and highest

Transmission Function operating temperatures. Temperature rate of change between extremes shall be 22oC per hour.

b. Vibration with an input frequency varied between 50 and

2000 Hz with a constant input acceleration of 1.5 gravitational force (peak).

c. A shock caused by the impact of a test hammer on the outside surface of the equipment housing the conversion circuitry simulating a maintenance or operator action on the transmission function subsystem. The test hammer shall be a 1-pound (453.59-grams) weight attached to an

8-inch (20.32-centimeter (cm)) arm pivoted from a rigid support and free to move through a vertical plane. The striking face shall be covered with a 0.5-inch (1.27-cm) thickness of SAE AMS 3198K1 sponge, Chloroprene (CR) rubber, medium stiffness, or other open-cell sponge rubber in accordance with the following:

1 SAE AMS 3198K sponge, chloroprene (CR) rubber, medium stiffness, in 1/2 inch thick sheets complies with the requirements of c(1) and c(2).

(1) Density-- 498.28 to 747.43 kg/cubic meter

(0.018 to 0.027-lbs/cubic inch)

(2) Compression deflection-- 4218 to 9843 kg per square meter (6 to 14 pounds per square inch

(psi) for 25% deflection

The shock shall be produced by releasing the hammer to swing freely through a 90-degree arc and to impact the enclosure at the bottom of its swing.

5.6 ET control and monitoring function. The ET shall meet

the following…