Ph1ESA_ADQ_L3-L5A_BLK1400_2021-1217.pdf

PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT

KODIAK AIRPORT

LOT 3 AND LOT 5A, BLOCK 1400, AIRPORT WAY

KODIAK, ALASKA

PREPARED BY: PREPARED FOR:

R&M CONSULTANTS, INC.

9101 VANGUARD DRIVE

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99507

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION &

PUBLIC FACILITIES

2200 EAST 42ND AVENUE

ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99508

17 DECEMBER 2021

PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT DOT&PF

LOT 3 AND LOT 5A, BLOCK 1400, AIRPORT WAY KODIAK, ALASKA

December 2021 Page ii R&M No. 2658.13

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. iii List of Appendices ................................................................................................................................... iii Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. v

Introduction

1.1 Scope

1.2 Site Description

1.3 Significant Data Gaps or Data Failures

1.4 Limitations and Exceptions of Assessment

1.5 Standard of Practice

1.6 Contract Authorization

1.7 Reliance

Current and Historical Property Use

2.1 Current Use

2.2 Past Use

2.3 Site Utilities

Physical Setting

3.1 Topography

3.2 Surface Drainage

3.3 Vegetation And Surface

3.4 General Geology

3.5 Groundwater Conditions

3.6 Climate

3.7 Topographic Maps

Historical Records Review

4.1 Environmental Records of Subject Property

4.2 Environmental Records of Adjoining and Nearby Properties

Historical Use Information

5.1 Historical Aerial Photographs

5.2 Historical USGS Topographic Maps

5.3 Historical Fire Insurance Maps

5.4 Historical City Directories

5.5 Property Tax Files

5.6 Prior Reports/ Permits

Site Reconnaissance

6.1 Methodology Limiting Conditions / Deviations

6.2 General Site Observations

6.3 Exterior Site Observations

6.4 Interior Site Observations

Interviews

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7.1 User Questionnaire

7.2 Key Site Manager

Findings

8.1 Recognized Environmental Conditions

8.2 Controlled Environmental Conditions

8.3 Historical Environmental Conditions

8.4 De Minimis Conditions

Recommendations

9.1 Additional Investigation

9.2 Conclusions

Closure References

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Subject and Adjacent Property Use Summary Table 4-1: Listing Summary Table 5-1: Data Coverage Summary Table 5-2: Historical Aerial Photography Table 5-3: Historical USGS Topographic Maps

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A – Drawings Topographic Map ........................................................................................................................................ A-01 Adjacent Properties ................................................................................................................................... A-02 Site Features ................................................................................................................................................ A-03

Appendix B – Resumes (Available on Request)

Appendix C – Database and Physical Setting Reports ..................................................................... 527 Pages

Appendix D – Historical Aerial Photographs, Topographic Maps, Fire Insurance Maps, and City Directories ................................................................................................................................................... 38 Pages

Appendix E – User Questionnaire ................................................................................................. Not Returned

Appendix F – Photograph Log .................................................................................................................... 7 Pages

Appendix G – Environmental Lien Search ............................................................................................ 17 Pages

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

°F degrees Fahrenheit AAI all appropriate inquiries ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation AST aboveground storage tank ASTM ASTM International, Inc.

AUL activity and use limitations CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CERCLIS Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System CFR Code of Federal Regulations CREC controlled recognized environmental condition DOT&PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities DRO diesel-range organics EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERIS ERIS Information, Inc.

ERNS Emergency Response Notification System ESA environmental site assessment FINDS/FRS Federal Registry Service Site FUDS Formerly Used Defense Sites HMIRS Hazardous Material Information Reporting System HREC historical recognized environmental condition LLP Landowner Liability Protections LUST leaking underground storage tank NAIP National Agriculture Imagery Program NASA National Aeronautic and Space Administration PCB polychlorinated biphenyls R&M R&M Consultants, Inc.

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REC recognized environmental condition RCRIS Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System RRO residual-range organics USAF U.S. Air Force USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFWS U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Society UST underground storage tank VSQG Very Small Quantity Generator

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was conducted under the supervision of Christopher Fell, CPG in general accordance with the procedures detailed in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard designation E1527-13, “Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.” The site reconnaissance was conducted on 18 October 2021 by Vanessa Crandell-Beck.

R&M Consultants, Inc. (R&M) has been contracted by Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF) to perform a Phase I ESA for the property located at Lot 3 and Lot 5A, Block 1400 of Airport Way in Kodiak, Alaska. This Phase I ESA was performed in accordance with the accepted proposal dated 23 September 2021 and ASTM E1527-13. The scope of the investigation for this Phase I ESA includes the entire parcels as described above (hereafter interchangeably referred to as the Subject Property) and its immediate vicinity.

Based on online parcel information, the Subject Property is an approximately 0.9-acre area consisting of two parcels (Parcel Numbers 16732 and 16740).

SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS

Two significant data gaps are present from 1951 to 1962 and 1988 to 2003 as initial development and subsequent redevelopments were not documented within five-year intervals. These significant data gaps are not considered to affect findings of this Phase I ESA as changes in property use appear to have progressed to more industrial uses over time with the current use presenting the highest risk for generation of environmental conditions.

RECORDS REVIEW SUMMARY

A total of 66 records were identified by ERIS Information, Inc. (ERIS) within a one-mile radius of the Subject Property. Based on the presumed groundwater flow direction from southwest to northeast, many of these records are considered down or cross-gradient and are considered to have no effect on the Subject Property. A total of 12 records were identified that were considered to have the potential to impact the Subject Property. The Subject Property was listed as a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) and underground storage tank (UST) site. The FUDS listing represents a historic recognized environmental conditions (HREC) and the UST listing represents a recognized environmental condition (REC) for the Subject Property on Lot 5A.

SITE RECONNAISSANCE SUMMARY

The Subject Property is currently an approximately 0.9-acre lot consisting of two parcels and is developed with three buildings (two maintenance shops and a storage shed). The buildings are currently vacant and in disrepair. The Subject Property had been developed as a rental car repair shop since 1979 when the property was developed. Staining present in the maintenance shops of the Subject Property represent de minimis conditions for the Subject Property.

FINDINGS

There were six RECs identified for the Subject Property as described below:

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1. The 500-gallon heating oil UST on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the unknown condition and age of the UST (greater than 40 years).

2. The 500-gallon gasoline AST on Lot 3 represents a REC due to the potential for releases of petroleum hydrocarbons.

3. The 500-gallon diesel AST on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the potential for releases of petroleum hydrocarbons.

4. Drums with unknown contents and used oil stored on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the potential for releases if the material is not disposed of in accordance with Federal, State, and local regulations.

5. Floor drains on both lots are considered a REC due to reported housekeeping issues with petroleum product storage and use at the facility.

6. Due to reported petroleum product housekeeping concerns, storage of wrecked vehicles without known fluid control measures, and rental car fleet maintenance operations former lessee activities on both lots are considered to represent a REC.

RECOMMENDATIONS

R&M provides the following recommendations for additional investigation at the site.

• Perform a Phase II ESA (Limited Site Investigation) to investigate the RECs identified for the Subject Property.

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INTRODUCTION

This Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was conducted under the supervision of Christopher Fell, CPG in general accordance with the procedures detailed in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard designation E1527-13, “Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.” The site reconnaissance was conducted on 18 October 2021 by Vanessa Crandell-Beck.

1.1 SCOPE

R&M Consultants, Inc. (R&M) has been contracted by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF) to perform a Phase I ESA for the property located on Lot 3 and Lot 5A, Block 1400 of Airport Way in Kodiak, Alaska. This Phase I ESA was performed in accordance with the accepted proposal dated 20 August 2021 and ASTM E1527-13. The scope of the investigation for this Phase I ESA includes the entire parcel as described above (hereafter interchangeably referred to as the Subject Property) and its immediate vicinity.

1.2 SITE DESCRIPTION

Based on online parcel information, the Subject Property is an approximately 0.9-acre area consisting of two parcels (Parcel Numbers 16732 and 16740). Access to the Subject Property is from Airport Way. Drawings A-01 and A-02 in Appendix A present location and vicinity maps for the Subject Property.

1.3 SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS OR DATA FAILURES

Two significant data gaps are present from 1951 to 1962 and 1988 to 2003 as initial development and subsequent redevelopments were not documented within five-year intervals. These significant data gaps are not considered to affect the findings of this Phase I ESA as changes in property use appear to have progressed to more industrial uses over time with the current use presenting the highest risk for generation of environmental conditions. The User Questionnaire was not returned by DOT&PF.

1.4 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS OF ASSESSMENT

This Phase I ESA did not include invasive activities such as subsurface or building materials investigations, business risk evaluations, or other sampling activities. Data obtained in the completion of this report are considered reliable but were primarily from sources outside the control of R&M and the authenticity, accuracy, or reliability of those sources cannot be warranted by R&M.

1.5 STANDARD OF PRACTICE

This Phase I ESA was performed in general accordance with the procedures detailed in ASTM E1527- 13, “Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.” Phase I ESAs are by definition non-invasive and cannot remove the potential that the Subject Property has been affected by petroleum, hazardous, or toxic compounds that were released to or migrated onto the property beyond what may be discovered during review of readily

December 2021 Page 2 R&M No. 2658.13 ascertainable sources or during the site reconnaissance. No warranties, express or implied, are intended or made. A Phase I ESA performed in accordance with ASTM E1527-13 is meant to satisfy the all appropriate inquiries (AAI) provision of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), to support the user’s ability to qualify for Landowner Liability Protections (LLP), and to reduce uncertainty regarding recognized environmental conditions (REC) associated with the Subject Property. As the User Questionnaire was not returned, this Phase I ESA is not considered to meet AAI provisions of CERCLA.

1.6 CONTRACT AUTHORIZATION

This work has been completed in accordance with R&M’s proposal dated 20 August 2021. DOT&PF provided Notice to Proceed Number 13 under Professional Service Agreement 25192003 on 11 October 2021.

1.7 RELIANCE

This Phase I ESA is prepared for the exclusive use and reliance of DOT&PF and their representatives in the study of the Subject Property. Use or reliance by any other party is prohibited without written authorization of R&M and DOT&PF.

Continued viability of this Phase I ESA is subject to ASTM E1527-13 Sections 4.6 and 4.8. If the assessment will be used by a user different (third party) than the user for whom the assessment was originally prepared, the subsequent user must also satisfy the User’s Responsibilities in Section 6 of ASTM E1527-13.

A Phase I ESA meeting or exceeding the standards of ASTM E1527-13 may be used for a property transaction up to 180 days (19 April 2022) from the inquiries made in the development of this Phase I ESA (19 October 2021). If interviews, environmental liens searches, federal, state, and local government records, site reconnaissance, and the declaration of the environmental professional responsible for the initial assessment or update are revisited, the Phase I ESA may be used for up to one year (19 October 2022).

December 2021 Page 3 R&M No. 2658.13

CURRENT AND HISTORICAL PROPERTY USE

The Subject Property is developed with currently vacant buildings (maintenance shops and a shed) designed to support various functions necessary to operate the Budget Car Rental business. The Lot 3 portion of the Subject Property has reportedly been developed since 1979 when the service garage (maintenance shop) was constructed according to the Kodiak Island Borough parcel viewer.

TABLE 2-1: SUBJECT AND ADJACENT PROPERTY USE SUMMARY

Direction Description

Subject Property Vacant buildings located on Lot 3 and 5A, Block 1400, Kodiak Airport

North Adjacent Paved access road, Buskin River

East Adjacent Vacant, undeveloped lot

South Adjacent Airport parking, Kodiak Airport

West Adjacent Paved access road, Quality Inn

2.1 CURRENT USE

The Subject Property is currently an approximately 0.9-acre lot consisting of two parcels and is developed with two buildings on Lot 3 (maintenance shop and storage shed) and one building on Lot 5A (maintenance shop). The buildings are not currently in use and have become dilapidated. The Subject Property has been developed since approximately 1979.

2.2 PAST USE

The Subject Property was developed as an auto service garage in 1979. Prior to 1964, the Subject Property appears to have been a recreational track and field based on the 1951 aerial photograph.

The Subject Property was developed between 1978 and 1985 based on the available aerial photographs. Section 7.2 provides additional discussion.

2.3 SITE UTILITIES

The Subject Property is served by the following utilities:

• Electricity: Overhead powerlines, Kodiak Electric Association

• Water: City of Kodiak

• Sanitary Sewer: City of Kodiak

• Storm Sewer: None (surface drainage to ditches)

• Heating: Heating oil

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PHYSICAL SETTING

The Subject Property topography, surface drainage, general geology, groundwater conditions, and climate are discussed below.

3.1 TOPOGRAPHY

Topography in the vicinity of the Subject Property is relatively flat.

3.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE

Drainage appears to occur through infiltration into site soils and potentially surface flow across the Subject Property. There are no permanent surface waters within the Subject Property boundaries.

The nearest water body is Buskin River located approximately 240 feet to the northeast.

3.3 VEGETATION AND SURFACE

The Subject Property consists of two partially paved lots with vegetation along the drainage ditches and fence lines. Vegetation is comprised of grasses and some small shrubs.

3.4 GENERAL GEOLOGY

The City of Kodiak is located on Kodiak Island. The Kodiak Mountains are primarily underlain by Mesozoic argillite and greywacke. Older rocks, chiefly greenstone and schist, lie along the northwest coast. The main divide of Kodiak Island is underlain by a granitic batholith. Northeast-trending belts of downfaulted and easily eroded Tertiary rocks lie on the southeast side of Kodiak Island and also make up the Trinity Islands. Lateral moraines, ice-marginal drainage channels through the ends of ridges, and old greatly modified cirques half buried in alluvium indicate that western Kodiak Island was not covered by ice of the last glaciation and that ice from the Aleutian Range banked against its western shore (Wahrhaftig, 1965). Kodiak Island is generally free of permafrost (Ferrians, 1965).

Based on investigations at the Kodiak Airport in 2010, soils from areas near the Subject Property indicate that soils are expected to consist of sand and gravel fill, native silty sand with gravel, and native silty gravel. Native soils have been reported with variable cobble and organic content in some locations (DOT&PF, 2011).

3.5 GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS

Groundwater is presumed to flow to the east or northeast towards the Buskin River (water body) based on regional topography.

3.6 CLIMATE

Based on climate data recorded at the Kodiak AP (Number 504988) weather station near the Subject Property, the mean annual air temperature is approximately 41.1 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), with minimum and maximum monthly averages of approximately 25.7°F (February) and 61.7°F (August), December 2021 Page 5 R&M No. 2658.13 respectively. The area receives an average of approximately 77.04 inches of precipitation per year, with a maximum monthly mean of approximately 8.53 inches in January (WRCC, 2021).

3.7 TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

The most recent U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map is the 1987 7.5-minute Kodiak C-2 NE/NW quadrangle.

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HISTORICAL RECORDS REVIEW

R&M contracted ERIS Information, Inc. (ERIS) to provide a baseline record search of standard environmental records up to a one-mile radius of the Subject Property. The environmental records come from various Federal and State databases. These databases provide information on the status of known sites involved with the usage, generation, storage, treatment, or disposal of hazardous materials or petroleum hydrocarbons. Search distances were consistent with those required by ASTM E1527-13. The ERIS record search provided in Appendices C and D, of this report is currently in compliance with the 90-day updating requirement. The record search was conducted on 19 October 2021.

The standard Federal databases originate with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and reside in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS), and the Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS). Standard State databases are administered by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) and include the Contaminated Sites Database and the SPILLS Database. A detailed list and description of the standard and supplemental environmental databases are included in the ERIS report (Appendix C).

Using the ERIS record search report as a starting point, R&M assessed the location and relevance of applicable environmental records. A total of 62 records were identified by ERIS for Lot 5A and 66 records were identified by ERIS for Lot 3 within a one-mile radius of the Subject Property. Based on the presumed groundwater flow direction from the southwest to northeast, many of these records are considered down or cross-gradient and are considered to have no effect on the Subject Property.

A total of 12 records were identified that could potentially affect the Subject Property. These records are discussed in Section 4.2 and summarized in Table 4-1.

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TABLE 4-1: LISTING SUMMARY

Address Listing Number

(Lot 5A/Lot 3)

Distance from Subject Property (feet)

(Lot 5A/Lot 3)

Subject Property 1/1 0/0

Hangar of Uyak Air Service Kodiak Airport, Lot 5/7, Block 1600

2/6 201/113

Kodiak Airport 1500 Airport Way

3/4 214/33

1647 Airport Way 4 and 8/7 and 11 223/155

UPS – Kodiak 1420 Airport Road

5/5 275/36

Andrew Airways, Inc.

1522 Devils Creek Road

6/3 300/29

Peninsula Airways Kodiak Airport, Lot 7B, Block 1600

7/8 340/157

Alaska Airlines Kodiak International Terminal

Building 9/12 580/421

ADOT&PF Kodiak Airport Apron Drums

US Coast Guard Airport 10/10 592/327

Kodiak Airport 11/14 646/474

MarkAir – Kodiak Lot 2B/3B, Block 1200

12/13 703/467

NOTES:

Listing numbers and distances from each ERIS report are listed as Lot 5A Report/Lot 3 Report

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS OF SUBJECT PROPERTY

The Subject Property (Lot 5A and Lot 3) was listed as a Formerly Used Defense Site (FUDS) and Lot 5A is additionally listed as an Underground Storage Tank (UST) site.

The Lot 5A, Block 1400 FUDS listings details that the site was part of Navy facilities commissioned in 1939. The Navy used the area as a base for coastal patrol aircraft and constructed numerous buildings, bunkers, and docks in vicinity of the Subject Property.

The UST site indicates that a 500-gallon heating oil UST was installed in April of 1981 at Lot 5A, Block 1400. It is unknown where the UST is located on site and the current condition of the UST is not known.

The FUDS listing represents a historic recognized environmental condition (HREC) for the Subject Property as environmental concerns for the listing has not resulted in detecting of environmental impacts at the site. The UST listing represents a recognized environmental condition (REC) for the Subject Property due to the unknown condition and age of the UST (greater than 40 years).

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4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS OF ADJOINING AND NEARBY PROPERTIES

The ERIS reports contain 10 environmental records of adjoining or nearby properties that could potentially affect the Subject Property as detailed below. The ERIS report record numbers for Lot 5A and Lot 3 of the Subject Property are referenced as Record Number (Lot 5A Report/Lot 3 Report) to order of listings and distances to the facilities.

4.2.1 RECORD NUMBER 2/6: KODIAK AIRPORT, LOT 5, BLOCK 1600

This nearby facility was located approximately 201/113 feet from the Subject Property and was listed as a UST site with approximately 2,500-gallon and 8,000-gallon gasoline USTs that have both been removed from the facility. The 2,500-gallon UST was permanently out of use closed (removed) in 1994 and the 8,000-gallon UST was permanently out of use closed (removed) in 1998.

As both USTs have been removed without listing as leaking underground storage tank (LUST) facilities by ADEC, the former USTs are not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

4.2.2 RECORD NUMBER 3/4: 1500 AIRPORT WAY

This nearby facility is located approximately 214/33 feet from the Subject Property and is listed as the Kodiak Airport. The Kodiak Airport is located to the southwest of the Subject Property across Airport Way. The Kodiak Airport was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on aerial photographs. The facility was listed in the SPILLS database. A 33-gallon jet fuel spill occurred in October of 2020. A total of 2 gallons of jet fuel was recovered and disposed of by incineration. ADEC has listed this facility as “Case Closed”.

Based on the Case Closed status issued by ADEC and the small size of the release, this facility is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

4.2.3 RECORD NUMBER 4 AND 8 /7 AND 11: 1647 AIRPORT WAY

This nearby facility is located approximately 223/155 feet from the Subject Property and is listed as an air carrier cargo facility. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. The facility was the was listed as a Hazardous Material Information Reporting System (HMIRS) Site. Two HMIRS listings discussed undeclared shipment with no release and hazardous material incidents with release. In the incident that included a release of dangerous goods, the release of Scotch Guard was confined to cargo.

This HMIRS site is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property as no releases to soil or groundwater were reported and the listing primarily regards the shipping rules or hazardous substances by air transport.

4.2.4 RECORD NUMBER 5/5: 1420 AIRPORT ROAD

This nearby lot is located approximately 275/36 feet from the Subject Property and is listed as a shipping facility. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs and was listed as a shipping facility and an air service facility. The facility was listed as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Very Small Quantity Generator (VSQC) site with no recorded violations.

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This facility is not considered a REC for the Subject Property as the listing regards registration of the site as a RCRA VSQG and there are no recorded violations for the facility.

4.2.5 RECORD NUMBER 6/3: 1522 DEVILS CREEK ROAD

This nearby facility was located approximately 300/29 feet from the Subject Property and appears to be a building/warehouse with paved tarmac to the southwest based on the 2021 aerial photograph from Google Earth Pro. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. The facility was listed as a Federal Registry Service site (FINDS/FRS), RCRA Non-Generator, UST, and SPILLS Site.

A 25,000-gallon kerosene UST and 25,000-gallon gasoline UST were installed in June of 1979 and removed from the ground in August of 2011 (permanently out of use/closed). A 2,000-gallon gasoline UST was installed in June of 1979 and marked as permanently out of use/closed in September of 1993.

A 35-gallon diesel spill occurred in February of 2012 due to human error. All 35 gallons were recovered and recycled. In February of 2012, ADEC issued a “Case Closed” status for the event.

Based on the Case Closed status issued by ADEC and the small size of the release, this facility is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

4.2.6 RECORD NUMBER 7/8: KODIAK AIRPORT, LOT 7B, BLOCK 1600

This nearby facility is located approximately 340/157 feet from the Subject Property and the facility appears to be a building with paved tarmac to the southwest based on the 2021 aerial photograph from Google Earth Pro. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. The facility was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site, ADEC Institutional Controls Site, and LUST Site. In 1998 the site was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site following petroleum contaminated soil following a release from a UST. Approximately 250 cubic yards of petroleum contaminated soil was excavated and removed from the site for transport to Anchorage or Bruhn Point for thermal treatment. Thermally treated soil was spread on site. In 2003 ADEC requested additional site characterization and issued a status of “Cleanup Complete with Institutional Controls” in August of 2005. As of August of 2005, soil contamination remains under the hangar floor with benzene and diesel-range organics (DRO) exceedances. Institutional Controls were filed in August of 2005 indicating that further action shall be taken when the contaminated soil becomes accessible. Additional site characterization is required for this facility.

This facility is located cross-gradient from the Subject Property based on the ERIS report and is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property as remaining contamination is considered to be under the existing hangar floor – resulting in the ADEC “Cleanup Complete with Institutional Controls” listing.

4.2.7 RECORD NUMBER 9/12: KODIAK INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL BUILDING

This nearby facility is located approximately 580/421 feet from the Subject Property and the facility appears to be a building with paved tarmac to the southwest based on the 2021 aerial photograph from Google Earth Pro. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. The facility was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site and LUST Site. In 1996 the site

December 2021 Page 10 R&M No. 2658.13 was listed as a LUST Site and ADEC Contaminated Site following petroleum release from a UST. In January 2001 ADEC issued a no further action required status and “Cleanup Complete” status.

Based on the “Cleanup Complete” status issued by ADEC, this facility is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

4.2.8 RECORD NUMBER 10/10: US COAST GUARD AIRPORT

This nearby facility is located approximately 592/327 feet from the Subject Property and the facility appears to be a building with paved tarmac to the east based on the 2021 aerial photograph from Google Earth Pro. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. In 2004 the site was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site following the removal of a UST, 22 drums containing jet fuel, diesel fuel, tar, and various metallic debris were encountered and 1,600 cubic yards of DRO and residual-range organics (RRO) contaminated soil were removed.

Additional contaminated soil remains beneath the asphalt parking apron. Groundwater was not encountered in the during excavation activities. Additional site characterization is required for this facility and the facility was listed as “Active” by ADEC to be addressed under the FUDS program.

This facility is located approximately 592 feet from and downgradient from the Subject Property based on the ERIS report and is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

4.2.9 RECORD NUMBER 11/14: KODIAK AIRPORT

This record consists of 12 separate listings including registration of Peninsula Airways as a RCRA non-generator, report of undeclared hazardous materials shipment by airplane with a contained release on board, six UST facilities closed by ADEC, and four ADEC SPILLS database records regarding small spills. One SPILLS listing involved the crash of Piper airplane at the end of the runway which is not considered to affect the Subject Property, and three other small spills of aviation gasoline or diesel fuel that are also not considered to affect the Subject Property. These facilities are reportedly 646/474 feet west-northwest from the Subject Property.

These listings are not considered to represent RECs for the Subject Property based on proximity, type of listing, degree of releases, and/or reported distance from the Subject Property.

4.2.10 RECORD NUMBER 12/13: LOT 2B/3B, BLOCK 1200

This nearby facility is located approximately 703/467 feet from the Subject Property and the facility appears to be a building with paved tarmac to the south based on the 2021 aerial photograph from Google Earth Pro. The facility was constructed between 1978 and 1985 based on the aerial photographs. The facility was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site and ADEC Institutional Controls Site. In 1995 several RECs were identified at the site and it was listed as an ADEC Contaminated Site following petroleum contaminated soil following a release from a UST. During 2002 characterization activities, the contaminants of concern were determined to be DRO, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, benzo(a)anthracene, and benzo(a)pyrene. Groundwater was not encountered during investigation activities. Institutional Controls were filed in January of 2005 indicating that further action shall be taken when the contaminated soil becomes accessible. Additional site characterization is required for this facility and the facility was listed as “Cleanup Complete with Institutional Controls” by ADEC.

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This facility is located approximately 703/467 feet west-northwest from the Subject Property based on the ERIS report and is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property as remaining contamination is considered to be under existing facility improvements – resulting in the ADEC “Cleanup Complete with Institutional Controls” listing.

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HISTORICAL USE INFORMATION

Historical use records were obtained from various sources (Table 5-1) to attempt to determine use of the Subject Property on five-year intervals from 1940 (or first development, whichever is earlier) to the present. Two significant data gaps are present from 1951 to 1962 and 1988 to 2003 as initial development and subsequent redevelopments were not documented within five-year intervals.

Non-significant data gaps are present from 1940 to 1948 and 2005 to 2009. These data gaps are not considered failures or significant as the Subject Property did not have any major changes to property use during the data gaps.

TABLE 5-1: DATA COVERAGE SUMMARY

Year Source Type Source

1940 to 1948 None Data Gap, Insignificant

1949 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1951 Aerial Photograph United States Navy (ERIS)

1951 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1951 to 1962 None Data Gap/Failure, Significant

1963 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1964 Aerial Photograph USFWS (ERIS)

1966 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1967 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1971 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1973 Aerial Photograph USAF (ERIS)

1978 Aerial Photograph NASA (ERIS)

1979 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1979 Parcel Records Kodiak Island Borough Tax Records

1984 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1985 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

1987 Topographic Map USGS (ERIS)

1988 to 2003 None Data Gap/Failure, Significant

2004 Aerial Photograph USDA (ERIS)

2005 to 2009 None Data Gap, Insignificant

2010 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2015 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2016 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2018 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2019 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2020 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

2021 Aerial Photograph Google Earth Pro

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5.1 HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

Historical aerial photographs were obtained through ERIS and Google Earth Pro sources. Table 5-2 summarizes visible changes observed on the aerial photographs. Aerial photographs provided by ERIS are presented in Appendix D.

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TABLE 5-2: HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Year Scale Source Description

(Subject Property and Adjacent Facilities)

1951 1:500 United

States Navy

(ERIS)

The Subject Property appears to be mostly cleared and in use as a recreational track/field. No structures are present on the Subject Property. Airport Road appears to be unpaved to the southwest of the Subject Property. The area to the northeast of the Subject Property appears to be vegetated and undeveloped. The Buskin River is farther to the northeast. The access road to the north and east of the Subject Property appears to be unpaved and in similar orientation to the current access road. A bridge crosses the Buskin River from the unpaved access road.

1964 1:500 USFWS (ERIS)

The track/field oval is no longer apparent on the Subject Property. No structures or trailers are present on the Subject Property; however, construction activities appear to be occurring on Lot 5A of the Subject Property. Construction activities appear to be occurring to the southeast of the Subject Property. Kodiak Airport Runway 7/25 has been extended since the 1951 aerial photograph.

1973 1:500 USAF (ERIS)

The Subject Property appears to be vacant and undeveloped.

No structures or trailers are present on the Subject Property.

A building is located on a lot to the south of Airport Way. The remaining surrounding properties appear to be similar to the 1964 aerial photograph.

1978 1:500 NASA (ERIS)

The Subject Property and the surrounding properties appear to have minimal changes since the 1973 aerial photograph.

The bridge from the access road across the Buskin River is no longer present.

1985 Varies Google Earth

Pro

A building appears to be present on the Subject Property. It appears that buildings have been constructed across Airport Way since the 1978 aerial photograph.

2004 1:500 USDA (ERIS)

The Subject Property and surrounding properties have been developed. A building is present to the north of the access road. The roads surrounding the Subject Property appear to be paved.

2010 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2004 aerial photograph.

2015 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2010 aerial photograph.

2016 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2015 aerial photograph.

2018 Varies NAIP (ERIS) No changes from the 2015 aerial photograph.

2019 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2017 aerial photograph.

2020 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2019 aerial photograph.

2021 Varies Google Earth

Pro No changes from the 2020 aerial photograph.

December 2021 Page 15 R&M No. 2658.13

5.2 HISTORICAL USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Historical topographic maps were obtained through ERIS and the following table summarizes visible changes observed on the maps. Topographic maps provided by ERIS are included in Appendix D.

TABLE 5-3: HISTORICAL USGS TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Year Scale Source Description

(Subject Property and Adjacent Facilities)

1949 15-minute USGS (ERIS) The Subject Property and adjacent properties appear to be undeveloped land. The Kodiak Airport is located to the southeast of the Subject Property.

1951 15-minute USGS (ERIS) No changes from the 1949 topographic map.

1963 15-minute USGS (ERIS) The Subject Property is not included in the provided 1963 topographic map.

1966 15-minute USGS (ERIS) The Subject Property and adjacent properties appear to be undeveloped land. The Kodiak Airport has been extended since the 1951 topographic map.

1967 15-minute USGS (ERIS) The Subject Property is not included in the provided 1967 topographic map.

1971 15-minute USGS (ERIS) No changes from the 1966 topographic map.

1979 15-minute USGS (ERIS) No changes from the 1971 topographic map.

1984 15-minute USGS (ERIS) The Subject Property is not included in the provided 1984 topographic map.

1987 7.5-minute USGS (ERIS) No changes from the 1979 topographic map.

5.3 HISTORICAL FIRE INSURANCE MAPS

Historical fire insurance maps were not available for the Subject Property based on the ERIS search.

(Appendix D).

5.4 HISTORICAL CITY DIRECTORIES

Historical city directories were obtained through ERIS. The Subject Property was not listed in the city directories. An adjacent property to the southwest of the Subject Property was listed as Rent-a- Heap. The adjacent properties on Airport Way were listed as commercial properties (Appendix D).

5.5 PROPERTY TAX FILES

The Kodiak Island Borough online tax records indicate that the Subject Property was purchased by the current owner for use as an auto service garage. The building on Lot 5A does not have an estimated construction date. The building on Lot 3 was constructed 1979 (KIB, 2021).

A search for environmental liens or activity and use limitations (AUL) did not result in identified environmental liens or AUL for the Subject Property. The Environmental Lien Reports for Lot 3 and Lot 5A are included in Appendix G.

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5.6 PRIOR REPORTS/ PERMITS

No prior reports were reviewed in relation to the Subject Property:

December 2021 Page 17 R&M No. 2658.13

SITE RECONNAISSANCE

The Phase I ESA site visit was performed by an R&M environmental professional on 18 October 2021.

Weather conditions were in the 40s °F and did not affect the site investigation. The ground throughout the Subject Property was visible. The visual inspection was performed on foot.

6.1 METHODOLOGY LIMITING CONDITIONS / DEVIATIONS

The visual inspection included investigation of, but was not limited to, the following potentials:

presence of drums which might indicate use or storage of hazardous materials on-site, evidence of illegal land filling, indications of leaking aboveground storage tanks (AST) and previously unknown USTs, and other activities which might tend to result in environmental contamination.

6.2 GENERAL SITE OBSERVATIONS

The following features were observed during the site reconnaissance, as described below.

6.2.1 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND CONTAINERS

During site reconnaissance the following items were found in both parcels of the Subject Property:

• Miscellaneous vehicle maintenance products

• Numerous fire extinguishers

6.2.2 UNIDENTIFIED SUBSTANCE CONTAINERS

Two 55-gallon drums of an unknown substance were present in the Lot 5A building of the Subject Property. The drums were not labeled. No spills were apparent. Also referenced in Section 6.2.6.

6.2.3 STORAGE TANKS

Two storage tanks were observed on the Subject Property.

• 500-gallon gasoline AST (no longer in use) on Lot 3

• 500-gallon diesel AST (no longer in use) on Lot 5A

The 500-gallon gasoline and 500-gallon diesel ASTs represent RECs for the Subject Property due to the potential for releases of petroleum hydrocarbon from the ASTs.

6.2.4 ODORS

No unusual odors, petroleum or otherwise, were noted during reconnaissance on the Subject Property.

6.2.5 POOLS OF LIQUID

No unknown pools of liquid were observed.

December 2021 Page 18 R&M No. 2658.13

6.2.6 DRUMS

One 55-gallon used oil drum with contents was observed on Lot 5A. Two drums with unknown contents were present in the maintenance building on Lot 5A as described in Section 6.2.2. Drums are considered to represent a REC due to the potential for releases if the material is not disposed of in accordance with Federal, State, and local regulations

6.2.7 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB)

One transformer was observed near the drainage ditch along the access road on the western edge of the Subject Property. It is unknown if the transformer is active. The transformer was not labeled with a “no PCB” label but no signs of soil staining or releases were observed and it is not considered to represent a REC to the Subject Property.

6.3 EXTERIOR SITE OBSERVATIONS

The following features were observed during the site reconnaissance, as described below.

The Subject Property has three buildings present. The buildings include the two maintenance shops (one on each lot) and a storage shed (Lot 5A). Multiple vehicles are stored throughout the Subject Property.

6.3.1 PITS, PONDS, OR LAGOONS

No pits, ponds, or lagoons were observed on the Subject Property.

6.3.2 STAINED SOIL OR PAVEMENT

No stained soil/gravel was observed on the Subject Property.

6.3.3 STRESSED VEGETATION

No stressed vegetation was observed on the Subject Property.

6.3.4 SOLID WASTE

In general, occasional litter (i.e. food containers, plastic bags, paper, plastic) were observed scattered on the ground on the Subject Property.

General litter is not considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

6.3.5 WASTEWATER

No storm drains or wastewater sources were observed on the Subject Property. Storm water appears to infiltrate into the ground or travel by sheet flow on minor gradients across the Subject Property.

6.3.6 WELLS

No wells were observed on the Subject Property.

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6.3.7 SEPTIC SYSTEMS

No septic systems were observed on the Subject Property.

6.4 INTERIOR SITE OBSERVATIONS

The following features were observed during the site reconnaissance, as described below.

6.4.1 HEATING/COOLING

A furnace and hot water heater located in a closet reportedly heated the buildings on both lots. The offices within both maintenance shops were heated with baseboard heaters. No cooling system was observed at the Subject Property.

6.4.2 ELEVATOR SHAFTS

No elevator shafts were observed at the Subject Property.

6.4.3 STAINS OR CORROSION

De minimis staining was observed in the maintenance shop. No corrosion was noted within the maintenance shop.

6.4.4 DRAINS OR SUMPS

Three floor drains were observed in the maintenance shops, two in the building on Lot 3 and one in the building on Lot 5A. It is unclear where these drains discharge. Due to reported housekeeping issues with petroleum product storage and use at the facility, the floor drains are considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

December 2021 Page 20 R&M No. 2658.13

INTERVIEWS

In order to qualify for one of the LLP offered by the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2001 (the “Brownfields Amendments”), the user must conduct inquires required by 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 312.25, 312.28, 312.29, 312.30, and 312.31. These inquiries must also be conducted by EPA Brownfield Assessment and Characterization grantees. The user should provide information to the environmental professional. Failure to conduct these inquiries could result in a determination that “all appropriate inquiries” is not complete.

7.1 USER QUESTIONNAIRE

No response was received to the User Questionnaire sent to DOT&PF.

7.1.1 KNOWLEDGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LIENS

No response received.

7.1.2 KNOWLEDGE OF ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS

No response received.

7.1.3 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERIENCE

No response received.

7.1.4 PURCHASE PRICE COMPARED TO FAIR MARKET VALUE

No response received.

7.1.5 COMMON OR REASONABLY ASCERTAINABLE INFORMATION

No response received.

7.1.6 OBVIOUS INDICATORS OF CONTAMINATION OR A RELEASE

No response received.

7.2 KEY SITE MANAGER

DOT&PF is the property owner and Key Site Manager. Phil Smith with DOT&PF (Airport Manager) was interviewed by phone regarding the Subject Property on 15 December 2021. Mr. Smith has been aware of operations at the Subject Property for approximately 23 years and related the following information and recollections during this phone discussion.

Mr. Smith does not recall making hazardous materials (HAZMAT) responses to the site. There was reportedly a burn barrel in use approximately 10 to 15 years ago that DOT&PF asked the former lessee (Gary Peterson) to stop using. Housekeeping practices regarding petroleum products and vehicle storage at the Subject Property were observed to need improvement. Mr. Smith recalls at least verbal notices being given to the former lessee to improve housekeeping over the years.

December 2021 Page 21 R&M No. 2658.13

Stained ground has been reportedly observed at the Subject Property in relation to stored petroleum products and vehicles. The former lessee reportedly operated a long-term vehicle storage service at the Subject Property for personal cars, boats, race cars, vans, and wrecked rental cars. Many of the stored rental cars (wrecked) were observed to be in various states of disassembly as parts were presumably being harvested for use in operational rental car maintenance. Other former lessee operations included operating a rental car business that included vehicle maintenance and washing under the name “Budget Car Rental”. The Subject Property was reportedly abandoned by the former lessee in approximately 2018 or 2019 and there may be ongoing legal concerns regarding the lease property.

Due to reported petroleum product housekeeping concerns, storage of wrecked vehicles without known fluid control measures, rental car fleet maintenance operations, and former lessee activities are considered to represent a REC for the Subject Property.

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FINDINGS

8.1 RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

There were six RECs identified for the Subject Property as described in Section 9.2.

8.2 CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

No controlled environmental conditions (CREC) were identified for the Subject Property.

8.3 HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The FUDS listing represents a HREC for the Subject Property (Section 4.1).

8.4 DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS

De minimis staining was identified at the Subject Property in the auto service shop yards.

December 2021 Page 23 R&M No. 2658.13

RECOMMENDATIONS

R&M provides the following recommendations for the site:

9.1 ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATION

R&M provides the following recommendations for additional investigation at the site.

• Perform a Phase II ESA (Limited Site Investigation) to investigate the RECs identified for the Subject Property.

9.2 CONCLUSIONS

We have performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment in conformance with the scope and limitations of ASTM Practice E1527 of Lot 3 and Lot 5A, Block 1400 of Airport Way, the property. Any exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 1.4 of this report. This assessment has revealed no evidence of recognized environmental conditions in connection with the property except for the following:

1. The 500-gallon heating oil UST on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the unknown condition and age of the UST (greater than 40 years) (Section 4.1).

2. The 500-gallon gasoline AST on Lot 3 represents a REC due to the potential for releases of petroleum hydrocarbons (Section 6.2.3).

3. The 500-gallon diesel AST on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the potential for releases of petroleum hydrocarbons (Section 6.2.3).

4. Drums with unknown contents and used oil stored on Lot 5A represents a REC due to the potential for releases if the material is not disposed of in accordance with Federal, State, and local regulations (Section 6.2.6).

5. Floor drains on both lots are considered a REC due to…