Appendix R_Attachment D_Ground Rules Assumptions Constraints.pdf

Ground Rules, Assumptions, and Contraints (GRACs) DRAFT - 16August2024

ID GRAC Text Rationale BAA.LA.1 Ground Rule Mobility capable of on the order of 5 kilometers will be required to move cargo from point of landing to point of use.

This distance could be as little as tens of meters to separate from lander shadowing, around 1 km to reduce blast ejecta constraints, or as great as 5 km to support separation between landing zones and habitation zones.

BAA.LA.2 Ground Rule Crew portable carriers will withstand maximum pressure differential of 14.7 psi.

Pressurized carriers will be packed at a launch site at atmospheric pressure and exposed to vacuum after launch.

BAA.LA.3 Ground Rule Carrier(s) should be able to log/transmit internal environmental data, such as pressure and temperature.

Monitor cargo status.

BAA.LA.4 Ground Rule The internal temperature of the crew portable carrier will not exceed temperature ranges of cargo for up to 8 hours of unpowered EVA transfer.

8 hrs in maximum nominal EVA time. Assumed that crew remove thermal blanket and disconnect any power interfaces for crew portable carrier, or that this is done autonomously at the beginning of the

EVA.

BAA.LA.5 Ground Rule Elements and/or carriers will not remain docked while mobile.

While in the future it may be possible to traverse while docked, this will not be considered.

Furthermore unintentional movement from settling, or tunnel pressurization may occur. Element is any exploration system that enables a high-level functional allocation that are primarily self-sufficient.

BAA.LA.6 Ground Rule All surface elements will be capable of receiving and transferring power (bi-directional) from sources external to and separate from the element power systems.

Given mass constraints on landers and environmental considerations of the South Pole region, providing excess power and/or receiving excess power from other surface assets likely will be needed.

Logistics carriers are not considered elements, and may need to receive power from a surface element but are not required to transfer power to elements.

BAA.LA.7 Ground Rule Cargo may be offloaded from heights between 2m to 7m.

This height range envelopes the deck height of current lander concepts. Whether offloading functionality is provided by the lander or mobility element is subject to trade.

BAA.LA.8 Ground Rule Cargo may be transported in loads in the mass range of 1.5mt to 8mt.

Cargo may be configured in modular/palletized configurations and not limited to individual items/carriers. An entire load may not need to be moved at once.

BAA.LA.9 Ground Rule Mobility elements will be required to retain full performance capablities after periods of extended darkness greater than 150 hrs.

During winter solstice, most areas of the South Pole Region will experience darkness greater than 700 hours; with very few experiencing darkness less than 350 hours. The duration of darkness/shadow is closely related to height above surface and surrounding terrain, which calls for the >150 hrs of darkness protection (energy storage).

BAA.LA.10 Ground Rule Mobility elements must be able to traverse on slopes +/- 20 degrees while unloaded.

Lunar terrain reconaissance has identified slopes greater than 20 degrees. Represenative Lunar Surface traverses between points of interest have been identified that may be completed within 20 degree limits. Proposals must perform analysis to determine what slopes are able to be traversed/negotiated while loaded.

BAA.LA.11 Ground Rule Mobility elements must be able to navigate through or around extreme terrain reliefs beyond macro topography as described in BAA.LA.10.

Based on terrain data gathered from LRV and Apollo 16 data; akin to some areas of the South Pole Region. LRV requirement was for 30cm diameter rocks.

BAA.LA.12 Ground Rule Mobility elements perform traversal operations with supervised autonomy without continuous direct to Earth communications.

Mobility solutions will not have continuous direct to Earth communications.

Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP-2) Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) Appendix R: Lunar Logistics and Mobility Studies

Ground Rules, Assumptions, and Contraints (GRACs) DRAFT - 16August2024

ID GRAC Text Rationale BAA.LA.13 Assumption Pressurized logistics will be delivered in a combination of mateable and crew portable carriers.

A large portion of the logistics requires conditioned delivery, maintaining atmosphere and temperature.

In certain scenarios, large carriers will need to mate with surface habitation. In other scenarios, carriers will be used by crew during EVA. Therefore different sized pressurized logistics carriers will be required to deliver and move cargo on the surface.

BAA.LA.14 Assumption Waste to be collected inside will be removed from habitable elements and moved to disposal location.

Per NASA's planetary protection policy.

BAA.LA.15 Assumption For the habitable surface elements, water will be delivered initially in dedicated water carriers, with future extensibility to umbilical transfer considered.

Surface habitation will not have an initial capability to transfer water via umbilical, therefore water that needs to be transferred will be transferred via a water carrier.

BAA.LA.16 Assumption Habitable surface elements will have an interface for berthing/docking of a mateable carrier. In order to support the architecture and enable IVA transfer of logistics from mateable carrier to pressurized surface element, each surface habitation element needs to have a berthing/docking interface.

BAA.LA.17 Assumption The acceptable temperature range of food items and medicine are 5-21 degrees C.

Per acceptable food temperature range on the International Space Station.

BAA.LA.18 Assumption The acceptable temperature range of water is 10-30 degrees C.

Per acceptable water temperature range on the International Space Station.

BAA.LA.19 Assumption Mating elements will provide compensation for terrain settling.

While elements are mated, settling and shifting of the surface terrain is to be expected. Unlike microgravity docking, it should not be assumed that the relative position of elements remains fixed.

Elements mated on the surface may move relative to each other due to terrain settling and shifting. To compensate for settling, six degrees of motion may be needed to keep the forces and torques in the allowable loads for both the Elements and the docking concept.

BAA.LA.20 Assumption Surface docking/mating concepts provide their own pressurization and environmental control capability.

These capabilities would significantly increase mass and complexity to include this subsystem. The subsystem would likely include any sensors for measuring, monitoring, and feedback. Source of gases and ECLSS-specific equipment undefined at this stage. Solutions that depend on pressurization should quantify their needs and assumptions

The following definitions from ESDMD-001 Rev A, 2023 Moon to Mars Architecture Definition Document apply throughout these GRACs:

Asset: All items that are in place and being used as part of the exploration architecture.

Cargo: Items less than 6t that are transported from one location to another Carrier: A transport structure or container used to secure and protect logistics items that require transport to the point of use.

Element: Any exploration system that enables a high-level functional allocation (e.g., crew transport, habitation, logistics delivery) that are primarily selfsufficient

Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP-2) Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) Appendix R: Lunar Logistics and Mobility Studies