MIL-HDBK-2036_Preparation_of_Electronic_Equipment.pdf

METRIC

MIL-HDBK-2036

1 November 1999

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-2036A

3 September 1993

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

HANDBOOK

PREPARATION OF

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS

AMSC N/A AREA GDRQ

This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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FOREWORD

1. This handbook provides guidance to specifiers and the acquisition community for the development of requirements for end-item specifications and commercial item descriptions. This handbook also provides quidance for the evaluation of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment and nondevelopmental items (NDI) as to their suitability for use in military environments.

2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply.

3. This document incorporates the guidelines of the Acquisition Reforms, as outlined in the Process Action Team (PAT) on Military Specifications and Standards report, "Blueprint for Change," of April 94; SECDEF memorandum, "Specifications and Standards - a New Way of Doing Business," of 29 June 1994; and OASN (RD&A) memorandum, "Navy Implementation of DOD Policy on Specifications and Standards Reform," of 27 July 1994. Although many of these initiatives were defined herein prior to this revision, many changes are substantial, as indicated in a through e.

a. Requirements are to be stated in performance terms. Accordingly, the body of the handbook deals with the tailoring of performance requirements. For those infrequent instances in which a detail specification is necessary, guideform design and process requirements and have been placed in an appendix for guidance.

b. Invoking of detail military standards and specifications requires a waiver.

c. Programmatic and logistics requirements have been deleted from this document.

d. Definitions and selected requirements have been extracted from source references, converted to performance terms, or identified as unnecessary cost drivers and deleted.

e. The PAT report provided a recommended list of prohibited references for ACAT programs, this guidance has been incorporated.

4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to:

Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, NAVSEA 03R4, 2531 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22242-5160 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

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CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

ii

1. SCOPE

1.1 Scope

1.2 Use

1.3 Classification

1.4 Specifications

1.5 System classification (ship)

1.6 System classification (space)

1.7 System classification (mobile)

1.8 System classification (land-based)

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General

2.2 Government documents

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

2.3 Non-Government publications

2.4 Order of precedence

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Definitions of acronyms

3.2 Definitions of terms

3.2.1 Assembly

3.2.2 Battleshort

3.2.3 Catastrophic fault

3.2.4 Classified information processing system (CLIPS)

3.2.5 Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

3.2.6 Component (space)

3.2.7 Compromising emanations

3.2.8 Corrosion

3.2.9 Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

3.2.10 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

3.2.11 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

3.2.12 Emission control (EMCON)

3.2.13 Enclaving

3.2.14 Faults (battleshort)

3.2.15 Fully hardened

3.2.16 Functional requirements

3.2.17 Greenwater loading

3.2.18 Group

3.2.19 Hardware levels of assembly (space)

3.2.20 Hardware levels of assembly (ship, mobile, and land)

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3.2.21 Host space vehicle

3.2.22 Launch system

3.2.23 Launch vehicle, expendable

3.2.24 Launch vehicle, recoverable

3.2.25 Leakage current

3.2.26 Militarized

3.2.27 Minimal acceptance

3.2.28 Mission critical

3.2.29 Multipacting

3.2.30 NDI

3.2.31 Open systems architecture (OSA)

3.2.32 Operational constraint

3.2.33 Part

3.2.34 Payload

3.2.35 Program manager

3.2.36 Pyroshock

3.2.37 Qualification tests (space)

3.2.38 Ruggedized

3.2.39 Service requirements

3.2.40 Set

3.2.41 Sheltered

3.2.42 Space vehicle

3.2.43 Subassembly

3.2.44 Subsystem

3.2.45 System

3.2.46 Telemetry points

3.2.47 TEMPEST

3.2.48 Transient radiation effects on electronics (TREE)

3.2.49 Unit

3.2.50 Unsheltered

3.2.51 Warmup time

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Policy guidance

4.1.1 Applicability

4.1.2 Acquisition preference

4.1.3 Tailoring of requirements

4.1.3.1 Tailoring ship requirements

4.1.3.2 Tailoring of space requirements

4.1.3.3 Tailoring mobile requirements

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PARAGRAPH PAGE

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4.1.3.3.1 Mobile portable equipment

4.1.3.4 Tailoring of land-based requirements

4.1.3.5 Unique applications

4.1.3.6 Commonality

4.1.4 General application

4.1.5 Computer resources

4.1.5.1 Data buses

4.1.5.2 Fiber optics

4.1.5.3 Distributive processing

4.2 Mission critical requirements (ship)

4.2.1 Mission critical equipment

4.2.2 Survivability

4.2.2.1 Battleshort

4.2.2.2 Smart loadshed

4.2.2.3 Redundancy and enclaving

4.2.2.4 Soft kills

4.2.2.5 Withdrawal and repair

4.2.3 Power interface (ship)

4.2.3.1 Momentary power interruptions

4.2.3.2 Nondomestic power

4.2.3.3 Circuit breaker protection

4.2.4 Flammability

4.3 Equipment control (space)

4.3.1 Mass

4.3.2 Power management

4.4 TEMPEST

4.5 Interchangeability

4.6 Human factors engineering (space)

4.7 Serial numbers

4.8 ESD

4.9 Corrosion

4.10 Protective enclosures

4.11 Packaging and handling

4.11.1 Altitude (nonoperating)

4.11.2 Temperature (nonoperating)

4.12 Safety

4.12.1 Prohibited materials

4.12.1.1 Glass fibers

4.12.2 Flammability

4.12.3 Radiation hazards

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4.12.3.1 Ionizing radiation

4.12.4 Thermal hazards

4.12.5 Electrical hazards

4.12.5.1 Electrical installation (land)

4.12.5.2 Leakage current

4.12.5.3 Safety ground

4.12.5.4 Electrical power

4.12.5.5 Overcurrent/fault protection

4.12.5.6 Electrical connectors

4.12.6 Mechanical hazards

4.12.6.1 Drawers and rack-mounted components

4.12.6.2 Doors and hinged covers

4.12.6.3 Cathode ray tubes

4.12.6.4 Connectors

4.12.6.5 Switches

4.12.7 Handling

4.12.8 Noise hazards

4.12.9 Marking

4.13 Reliability

4.14 Maintainability

4.15 Environmental stress screening

5. DETAILED GUIDELINES

5.1 Ship equipment

5.1.1 Auxiliary support services

5.1.1.1 AC power

5.1.1.1.1 Fully hardened

5.1.1.1.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.1.1.3 Ruggedization techniques

5.1.1.2 Submarine DC power

5.1.1.2.1 Fully hardened

5.1.1.2.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.1.3 Seawater

5.1.1.3.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.1.1.4 Cooling water

5.1.1.4.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.1.1.5 Compressed air

5.1.1.5.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.1.1.6 Dry air

5.1.1.6.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

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5.1.2 Environmental conditions

5.1.2.1 DC magnetic field environment

5.1.2.1.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.1.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.2 Electromagnetic susceptibility

5.1.2.3 Dust and sand

5.1.2.3.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.3.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.4 Greenwater loading

5.1.2.4.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.4.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.5 Gun muzzle

5.1.2.5.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.5.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.6 Humidity

5.1.2.6.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.6.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.7 Hydrostatic pressure

5.1.2.7.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.7.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.8 Icing

5.1.2.8.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.8.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.9 Missile exhaust

5.1.2.9.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.9.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.10 Nuclear hardening

5.1.2.10.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.10.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.10.3 Ruggedization techniques

5.1.2.11 Salt fog

5.1.2.11.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.11.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.12 Ship motion and attitude

5.1.2.12.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.12.1.1 Ship motion and attitude testing

5.1.2.12.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.13 Shock

5.1.2.13.1 Tailoring guidance

5.1.2.13.2 Shock grades

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5.1.2.13.3 Fully hardened

5.1.2.13.4 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.13.5 Ruggedization techniques

5.1.2.13.5.1 Shock mounts

5.1.2.13.5.2 Integrated shock attenuation

5.1.2.14 Solar radiation

5.1.2.14.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.14.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.15 Temperature

5.1.2.15.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.15.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.16 Underwater explosion

5.1.2.16.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.16.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.2.17 Vibration

5.1.2.17.1 Vibration testing

5.1.2.18 Wind effects

5.1.2.18.1 Fully hardened

5.1.2.18.2 Minimal acceptance

5.1.3 Operational constraints

5.1.3.1 Airborne noise

5.1.3.2 Structureborne noise

5.1.3.3 AC power

5.1.3.4 Submarine DC power

5.1.3.5 Electromagnetic emissions

5.1.3.5.1 EMCON

5.1.3.6 DC magnetic requirements for minesweeper equipment

5.1.3.7 Fungus

5.1.3.8 Size and weight

5.1.3.9 Mounting Hardware

5.2 Space equipment

5.2.1 Electrical power

5.2.1.1 Warmup time

5.2.1.2 Electrical overload protection (unmanned space vehicles)

5.2.1.3 Electrical overload protection (manned space vehicles)

5.2.2 Environmental requirements

5.2.2.1 Launch environment

5.2.2.1.1 Temperature

5.2.2.1.1.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.1.2 Minimal acceptance

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5.2.2.1.2 Vibration

5.2.2.1.2.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.2.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.1.3 Acoustic noise

5.2.2.1.3.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.3.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.1.4 Sinusoidal vibration

5.2.2.1.4.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.4.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.1.5 Shock

5.2.2.1.5.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.5.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.1.6 Acceleration

5.2.2.1.6.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.6.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.1.7 Atmospheric pressure

5.2.2.1.8 Humidity and salt fog

5.2.2.1.8.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.1.8.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.2 On-orbit environment

5.2.2.2.1 Atmospheric pressure

5.2.2.2.2 Temperature

5.2.2.2.2.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.2.2.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.2.3 Radiation

5.2.2.2.3.1 Fully hardened

5.2.2.2.3.2 Minimal acceptance

5.2.2.3 Transportability

5.2.2.4 Pressurization

5.2.2.5 EMC

5.2.2.6 Grounding, bonding, and shielding

5.2.2.7 Corona and RF electrical breakdown prevention

5.2.2.8 Explosion-proofing

5.3 Mobile equipment

5.3.1 Automotive baseline specifications

5.3.1.1 Temperature

5.3.1.1.1 Fully hardened

5.3.1.1.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.2 Humidity

5.3.1.2.1 Fully hardened

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5.3.1.2.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.3 Salt fog

5.3.1.3.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.3.1.4 Immersion and splash

5.3.1.4.1 Fully hardened

5.3.1.4.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.5 Dust and sand

5.3.1.5.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.3.1.6 Altitude (operating)

5.3.1.6.1 Fully hardened

5.3.1.6.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.7 Vibration

5.3.1.7.1 Fully hardened

5.3.1.7.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.8 Shock

5.3.1.8.1 Fully hardened and minimal acceptance

5.3.1.9 DC power

5.3.1.9.1 Fully hardened

5.3.1.9.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.1.10 Electromagnetic susceptibility

5.3.1.11 Electromagnetic emissions

5.3.1.11.1 EMCON

5.3.2 Additional requirements

5.3.2.1 Chemical and biological warfare

5.3.2.2 Nuclear hardening

5.3.2.2.1 Fully hardened

5.3.2.2.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.2.3 Solar radiation

5.3.2.3.1 Fully hardened

5.3.2.3.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.2.4 Wind effects

5.3.2.4.1 Fully hardened

5.3.2.4.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.2.5 Icing

5.3.2.5.1 Fully hardened

5.3.2.5.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.2.6 Rain

5.3.2.6.1 Fully hardened

5.3.2.6.2 Minimal acceptance

5.3.2.7 Fungus

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5.3.2.8 Size and weight

5.4 Land-based equipment

5.4.1 Auxiliary support services

5.4.1.1 AC power

5.4.1.1.1 Fully hardened

5.4.1.1.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.1.1.3 Nondomestic AC power

5.4.1.2 DC power, cooling water, compressed air, dry air

5.4.2 Environmental conditions

5.4.2.1 Altitude (operating)

5.4.2.1.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.1.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.2 Electromagnetic susceptibility

5.4.2.3 Electromagnetic emissions

5.4.2.3.1 EMCON

5.4.2.4 Dust and sand

5.4.2.4.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.4.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.5 Humidity

5.4.2.5.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.5.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.6 Icing

5.4.2.6.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.6.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.7 Chemical and biological warfare

5.4.2.8 Nuclear hardening

5.4.2.8.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.8.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.9 Salt fog

5.4.2.9.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.9.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.10 Solar radiation

5.4.2.10.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.10.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.11 Wind effects

5.4.2.11.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.11.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.12 Rain

5.4.2.12.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.12.2 Minimal acceptance

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5.4.2.13 Temperature

5.4.2.13.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.13.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.14 Shock and vibration

5.4.2.14.1 Fully hardened

5.4.2.14.2 Minimal acceptance

5.4.2.15 Airborne noise

5.4.2.16 Fungus

5.4.3 Size and weight

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Applications

6.3 Changes for previous issue

6.4 Subject term (key word) listing

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APPENDIX PAGE

A. Equipment Design Guidance B. Leakage Current Tests

SUBJECT INDEX

TABLE PAGE

I. Space system classifications II. Ship tailoring matrix III. Space tailoring requirements IV. Mobile tailoring matrix V. Land-based tailoring matrix VI. Prohibited materials VII. Temperature limits VIII. Vibration frequency range and amplitude IX. Equipment sound levels X. Acoustic loading environment for typical launch vehicle XI. Typical sinusoidal vibration during launch XII. Temperature limits XIII. Equipment sound levels XIV. Conductor designations XV. Dielectric test voltages XVI. Equipment mounting XVII. Parts XVIII. Electronic parts selection XIX. Materials XX. Processes

FIGURE PAGE

FIGURE 1. Acquisition options FIGURE 2. Typcial random vibration during launch FIGURE 3. Acoustic loading environment for typical launch vehicle FIGURE 4. Pyroshock environment for typical launch vehicle FIGURE 5. Electrical power source information plate FIGURE 6. Curve of light transmission of red material FIGURE 7. Single-phase test diagram for leakage current measurement FIGURE 8. Three-phase test diagram for leakage current measurement FIGURE 9. DC test diagram for leakage current measurement

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1. SCOPE.

1.1 Scope. This document provides guidance for the tailoring of general and detailed requirements which must be addressed in the preparation of specifications for electronic equipment used in ships (including submarines), space, mobile (vehicular), and land applications.

1.2 Use. Requirements in end-item specifications should be tailored for all applications (see 4.1.3). This does not allow the specifier to disregard a performance characteristic. All equipment characteristics addressed herein should be considered and evaluated by the specifier in the development and tailoring of requirements. Tailoring should not be based solely on the capabilities of the equipment being procured and the subjective opinion of the specifier. Rather, tailoring decisions should be based on evaluation of the equipment mission, and the projected operating environment of the equipment based upon analytical and/or measured field data, and should reflect unique platform requirements, such as noise and hazardous material requirements for submarines, and requirements for operation and maintenance by personnel.

1.3 Classification. Electronic equipment acquisition options available to the program manager include COTS, ruggedized, and militarized. The selection of the appropriate acquisition option is the responsibility of the program manager, and should be dependent upon the expectations for the equipment, availability of nondevelopmental item (NDI) equipment, functional and service requirements for the equipment, and cost-benefit tradeoffs. The acceptable ranges for each option are shown on figure 1.

The shapes of the COTS and ruggedized areas shown on figure 1 are intended to show that more equipment is available that conforms to the minimal acceptable criteria than that which conforms to the fully hardened criteria. Similarly, the shape of the militarized figure is intended to show that most militarized equipment is designed to the fully hardened criteria. Selected equipment may shut down or go into a standby mode when specified operating limits are exceeded. As long as the support services and other interfaces remain within their specified limits, the equipment should not be damaged by such excursions. The procuring activity should coordinate requirements with platform integration activities to ensure that specification requirements conform to platform unique constraints. The specific requirements for each acquisition are the responsibility of the program manager and should be tailored within the range of acceptable limits provided herein (see 4.1.3).

1.4 Specifications. End item specifications should be prepared in accordance with MIL-STD-961. To the greatest extent possible, requirements should be stated in terms of performance. For situations in which a detail specification is the only option, drafting guidance and guideform requirements are provided in Appendix A.

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FIGURE 1. Acquisition options.

1.5 System classification (ship). Equipment should be classified as mission critical or nonmission critical, sheltered or unsheltered, and nuclear hardened or non-nuclear hardened (see 4.1.3.1).

1.6 System classification (space). Systems should be classified as Class I, Class II, Class III, or Class IV in accordance with Table I (see 4.1.3.2).

TABLE I. Space system classifications.

Classification Priority Examples

Class I Very high Shuttle; Hubble; mission critical equipment

Class II High Global positioning systems; permanent C4I systems

Class III Medium Temporary C4I systems

Class IV Low Academic experiments

RUGGEDIZED MILITARIZED

- ACCEPTABLE FOR APPLICATION

Tailor

FULLY

HARDENED

MINIMAL

ACCEPTANCE

LOWEST

AVAILABLE

COMMERCIAL

OFF-THE

SHELF (COTS)

ENVIRONMENT

E Q

U

IP

M E

N T

T O

LE

R

A N

C E

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1.7 System classification (mobile). Requirements should apply to electronic equipment mounted in/on vehicles, and equipment normally transported in/on vehicles for use at a remote site. Equipment should be classified as portable or non-portable, mission critical or nonmission critical, mounted interior or exterior to the vehicle, on-road or off-road, and nuclear hardened or non-nuclear hardened (see 4.1.3.3). Mobile equipment which is mounted under canvas or other non-rigid material should be considered to be exterior mounted.

1.8 System classification (land-based). Equipment should be classified as mission critical or nonmission critical, sheltered or unsheltered, and nuclear hardened or non-nuclear hardened (see 4.1.3.4).

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2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS.

2.1 General. The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein but are the ones that are needed in order to fully understand the information provided by this handbook.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein.

Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the latest issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS), and supplement thereto.

SPECIFICATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High-Impact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for.

MIL-S-1222 Studs, Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, Socket Head Cap Screws and Nuts.

STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type I - Environmental and Type II - Internally Excited).

MIL-STD-210 Climatic Information to Determine Design and Test Requirements for Military Systems and Equipment.

MIL-STD-461 Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Emissions and Susceptibility.

MIL-STD-462 Measurement of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics.

MIL-STD-464 Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements for Systems.

MIL-STD-469 Radar Engineering Design Requirements, Electromagnetic Compatibility.

MIL-STD-740-2 Structureborne Vibratory Acceleration Measurements and Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment.

MIL-STD-810 Environmental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines.

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MIL-STD-961 Defense Specification Practices.

MIL-STD-1275 Characteristics of 28 Volt DC

Electrical Systems in Military Vehicles.

DOD-STD-1399, Section 071 Interface Standard for Shipboard

Systems, Mass/Size/Shape, Shipboard Units. (Metric)

MIL-STD-1399, Section 072.1 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Blast Environment, Missile Exhaust.

MIL-STD-1399, Section 072.2 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Blast Environment, Gun Muzzle.

MIL-STD-1399, Section 102 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Low Pressure Dry Air Service for Surface Ships.

MIL-STD-1399, Section 105 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Sea Water Service for Surface Ships.

MIL-STD-1399, Section 106 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Compressed Air Service for Surface Ships.

MIL-STD-1399, Section 300 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Electric Power, Alternating Current. (Metric)

DOD-STD-1399, Section 301 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Ship Motion and Attitude.

(Metric)

MIL-STD-1399, Section 390 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Electric Power, Direct Current, (Other Than Ship’s Battery) for Submarines. (Metric)

DOD-STD-1399, Section 532 Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems, Cooling Water for Support of Electronic Equipment. (Metric)

MIL-STD-1425 Safety Design Requirements for Military Lasers and Associated Support Equipment.

MIL-STD-1539 Electrical Power, Direct Current, Space Vehicle Design Requirements.

MIL-STD-1540 Test Requirements for Space Vehicles MIL-STD-1541 Electromagnetic Compatibility

Requirements for Space Systems.

MIL-STD-1809 Space Environment for USAF

Space Vehicles.

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DOD-STD-2143 Magnetic Silencing Requirements for the Construction of Nonmagnetic Ships and Craft.

(Metric)

HANDBOOKS

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

MIL-HDBK-235-1 Electromagnetic (Radiated) Environment Considerations for Design and Procurement of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Subsystems and Systems.

MIL-HDBK-235-2 Electromagnetic Radiation Environment From Friendly or Own Force Emitters. (limited distribution)

MIL-HDBK-235-3 Electromagnetic Radiation Environment From Hostile Force Emitters. (limited distribution)

MIL-HDBK-235-4 Electromagnetic Radiation Environment, Army Installations.

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications. The following other documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents should be those listed in the issue of the DODISS, and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation.

Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DODISS should be those in effect on the date of the solicitation.

PUBLICATIONS

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

SD-2 Nondevelopmental Item Program, Buying NDI.

SD-14 Listings of Toxic Chemicals, Hazardous Substances, and Ozone Depleting Chemicals.

(Application for copies should be addressed to Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (DOC)

NTIA Manual of Regulation Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management.

(Application for copies should be addressed to United States Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Washington, DC 20230.)

FEDERAL REGULATIONS

21 CFR 1040 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Chapter I (Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services), Part 1040.

(Performance Standard for Light Emitting Products)

29 CFR 1910 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor), Part 1910 (Occupational Safety and Health Standards).

47 CFR 15 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Chapter I (Federal Communications Commission), Part 15 (Radio Frequency Devices).

40 CFR Chapter I Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter I (Environmental Protection Agency).

(The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the Federal Register (FR) are for sale on a subscription basis by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. When indicated, reprints of certain regulations may be obtained from the Federal agency responsible for issuance thereof.)

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)

NAVSO P-6071 Best Practices.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.)

JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF (JCS)

Tri-Service Technical Brief 002-93-08 Environmental Stress Screening.

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(Application for copies should be addressed to The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Develop, and Acquisition), Product Integrity, Washington, DC 20360-5000.)

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA)

NASA-STD-3000 Manned System Integration Standard.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 1911-5094.)

NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)

NAVSEA INST C3401.1 Nuclear Survivability Design Standards for Surface Ships of the U. S. Navy. (limited distribution)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (Code 09P21), Arlington, VA 22242-5160)

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of documents are available to Government agencies from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Copies of documents are available to non-Government agencies from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22151.)

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIVISION (NSWCDD)

NSWC TR 87-192 Suggested Electronic Equipment Standards for Nuclear Weapons Environment.

NSWC TR 90-22 Basic Nuclear Survivability Concepts for Navy Computational Electronics.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Commanding Officer, Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, Dahlgren, VA 22448-5000.)

2.3 Non-Government publications. The following documents form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents should be those listed in the issue of the DODISS, and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DODISS should be those in effect on the date of the solicitation.

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)

ANSI N2.1 Warning Symbols - Radiation Symbol.

ANSI S2.15 Specification for the Design, Construction, and Operation of Class HI (High-Impact) Shock-Testing Machine for Lightweight Equipment.

ANSI C62.41/IEEE 587 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits.

ANSI/IEEE C63.16 American National Standard Guide for Electrostatic Discharge Test Methodologies and Criteria for Electronic Equipment.

ANSI C84.1 Electric Power Systems and Equipment - Voltage Ratings (60Hz).

ANSI/IEEE C95.1 Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 300 kHz to 100 GHz.

ANSI C95.2 Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard Warning Symbol

ANSI Z136.1 Safe Use of Lasers.

ANSI/NEMA Z535.1 Safety Color Code.

ANSI/NEMA Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs.

ANSI/NEMA Z535.3 Criteria for Safety Symbols.

ANSI/NEMA Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42 Street, New York, NY 10036.)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING, AND AIR

CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)

ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Applications.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329.)

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM B 117 Standard Test Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing.

ASTM D 568 Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Flexible Plastics in a Vertical Position.

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ASTM D 635 Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position.

ASTM D 1000 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances.

ASTM D 1654 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments.

ASTM D 3951 Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging.

ASTM D 4169 Standard Practice for Performance Testing of

Shipping Containers and Systems.

ASTM G 7 Standard Practice for Atmospheric

Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials.

ASTM G 31 Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals.

ASTM G 50 Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals.

ASTM G 52 Standard Practice for Exposing and Evaluating Metals and Alloys in Surface Seawater.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohaken, PA 19428-29597.)

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (EIA)

EIA RS-310 Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment.

EIA RS-471 Symbol and Label for Electrostatic Sensitive Devices.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Electronic Industries Association, 2500 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201-3834.)

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES (IES)

ISBN 1-877862-02-9 Environmental Stress Screening Guidelines for Assemblies.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 East Northwest Highway, Mount Prospect, Illinois, 60056.)

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC)

IEC 68-2-3 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 2: Tests, Test Ca: Damp Heat, Steady-state.

IEC 68-2-6 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 2: Tests, Test FC: Vibration (Sinusoidal).

IEC 68-2-11 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 2: Tests, Test Ka: Salt Mist.

IEC 68-2-13 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 2: Tests, Test M: Low Air Pressure.

IEC 68-2-30 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 2: Tests, Test Db and Guidance: Damp Heat, Cyclic (12 + 12 hour cycle).

IEC 68-4 Basic Environmental Testing Procedures, Part 4: Information for Specification Writers - Test Summaries.

IEC 721-2-6 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 2: Environmental Conditions Appearing in Nature - Earthquake Vibration and Shock.

IEC 721-3-1 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3; Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Storage.

IEC 721-3-2 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3; Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Transportation.

IEC 721-3-3 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3; Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Stationary Use at Weatherprotected Locations.

IEC 721-3-4 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3; Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Stationary Use at Non-Weatherprotected Locations.

IEC 721-3-5 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3; Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Ground Vehicle Installations.

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IEC 721-3-6 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3;

Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Ship Environment.

IEC 721-3-7 Classification of Environmental Conditions, Part 3;

Classification of Groups of Environmental Parameters and Their Severities - Portable and Non-stationary Use.

IEC 950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42 Street, New York, NY 10036.)

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS (IEEE)

IEEE C57.114 Seismic Guide for Power Transformers and Reactors.

IEEE C62.47 Guide on Electrostatic Discharge (ESD):

Characterization of the ESD Environment.

IEEE 100 Standard Dictionary of Electrical and

Electronics Terms.

IEEE 141 Recommended Practice for Electric Power

Distribution for Industrial Plants.

IEEE 383 IEEE Standard for Type Test of Class IE Electric

Cables, Field Splices, and Connections for Nuclear Power Generating Stations.

IEEE 519 Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.

IEEE 693 Recommended Practices for Seismic Design of Substations.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P. O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.)

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)

NEMA 250 Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum).

(Application for copies should be addressed to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 2101 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037.)

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC).

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(Application for copies should be addressed to the National Fire Protection Association, One Batterymarch Park, P. O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.)

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, INC. (SAE)

SAE J 1211 Recommended Environmental Practices for Electronic Equipment Design, Recommended Practice.

SAE J 1455 Joint SAE/TMC Recommended Environmental Practices for Electronic Equipment Design (Heavy-Duty Trucks), Recommended Practice.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.)

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES, INC. (UL)

UL 50 UL Standard for Safety, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment.

UL 698 UL Standard for Safety, Industrial Control Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations.

ANSI/UL 1203 UL Standard for Safety, Explosion-Proof and Dust-Ignition-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations.

UL 1950 UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, Including Electrical Business Equipment.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.)

(Non-government standards and other publications are normally available from the organization that prepare or distribute the documents. These documents also may be available in or through libraries or other informational services.)

2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence.

Nothing in this document, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

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3. DEFINITIONS.

3.1 Definitions of acronyms. The acronyms used herein are defined as follows:

AC - alternating current C - Celsius C4I - Command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence CLIPS - classified information processing system COTS - commercial off-the-shelf dB - decibel DC - direct current DODISS - Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards EMC - electromagnetic compatibility EMCON - emission control EMI - electromagnetic interference EMP - electromagnetic pulse ESD - electrostatic discharge FCC - Federal Communications Commission g - acceleration of gravity HM&E - hull, mechanical, and electrical HVAC - heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Hz - Hertz IC - integrated circuit I/O - input/output kHz - kilohertz MTBF - mean-time-between-failures MTTR - mean-time-to-repair NDI - nondevelopmental item OASPL - overall sound pressure level OSA - open systems architecture rms - root-mean-square RF - radio frequency SEM - standard electronic module SPS - standard power supply TREE - transient radiation effects on electronics UPS - uninterruptable power supply V - volt Vrms - volts root-mean-square VDC - volts direct current

3.2 Definitions of terms. The definitions specified in ANSI/IEEE 100 and 3.2.1 through 3.2.5.1 apply.

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3.2.1 Assembly. A number of parts or subassemblies, or any combination thereof, joined together to perform a specific function and capable of disassembly (examples: power shovel-front, fan assembly, audio frequency amplifier).

3.2.2 Battleshort. A function which disables equipment protection and personnel safety interlocks in order to keep the equipment on-line during high readiness states.

3.2.3 Catastrophic fault. A fault which will destroy the system or subsystem and its function almost immediately.

3.2.4 Classified information processing system (CLIPS). Equipment, device, or system which is electrically powered and which processes, converts, reproduces, or otherwise manipulates any form of classified information.

3.2.5 Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS). Items which can be purchased through commercial retail or wholesale distributors as is, for example, equipment that is available as a cataloged item.

3.2.6 Component (space). An assembly or any combination of parts, subassemblies and assemblies mounted together, normally capable of independent operation in a variety of situations.

3.2.7 Compromising emanations. Unintentional intelligence-bearing signals which, if intercepted and analyzed, disclose the national security information transmitted, received, handled, or otherwise processed by any CLIPS.

3.2.8 Corrosion. A specific type of deterioration resulting in damage or impairment of metals or metallic parts as the result of attack by moisture, air, acid, alkali, chemicals, or electrochemical action.

3.2.9 Electromagnetic interference (EMI). An electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronic or electrical equipment. EMI can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and so forth.

3.2.10 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A transient high-intensity electromagnetic field. EMP is commonly associated with nuclear explosions in or near the Earth’s atmosphere; however, electromagnetic pulses can arise from other sources, such as lightning.

3.2.11 Electrostatic discharge (ESD). A transfer of electrostatic charge between objects at different potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.

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3.2.12 Emission control (EMCON). A ship operational condition in which acoustic, electromagnetic, and optical emitters, such as radars and communications equipment, are inhibited or limited.

3.2.13 Enclaving. A synergistic zoning of the combat system; hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems; and damage control systems into regions which, if necessary, can function independently to provide a subset of the ship mission capabilities.

3.2.14 Faults (battleshort). Definition is dependent upon the application/ equipment type, see ANSI/IEEE 100.

3.2.15 Fully hardened. The most stringent performance criterion for a requirement (see 3.2.27). Fully hardened equipment may be COTS, ruggedized, or militarized equipment. Fully hardened is not synonymous with fully militarized.

3.2.16 Functional requirements. Parameters related to the ability of the equipment to perform the intended mission. Examples are frequency and bandwidth.

Functional requirements should be specified in the end item specification. Specification guidance for functional requirements is not provided herein.

3.2.17 Greenwater loading. Mechanical loading due to wave slap. Greenwater loading applies to exterior or unsheltered equipment on ships or craft. Mobile equipment which may by placed on vehicles that are carried topside or in landing craft should be considered susceptable to greenwater loading.

3.2.18 Group. A collection of units, assemblies, or subassemblies which is not capable of performing a complete operational function. A group may be a subdivision of a set or may be designed to be added to or used in conjunction with a set to extend the function or the utility of the set. (example: antenna group)

3.2.19 Hardware levels of assembly (space). Item levels from the simplest division to the more complex are part, subassembly, component, subsystem, space vehicle, and system.

3.2.20 Hardware levels of assembly (ship, mobile, and land). Item levels from the simplest division to the more complex are part, subassembly, assembly, unit, group, set, subsystem, system.

3.2.21 Host space vehicle. The space vehicle which contains a payload, or provides auxiliary support services (in the form of electrical power, and so forth) to the payload.

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3.2.22 Launch system. A composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of launching and boosting the space vehicle into orbit. The launch system includes the space vehicle, the launch vehicle, and related facilities, equipment, material, software, procedures, services, and personnel required for their operation.

3.2.23 Launch vehicle, expendable. A composite of the booster initial stages, injection stages, space vehicle adapter, and fairing having the capability of a single launching and injection of a space vehicle or vehicles into orbit.

3.2.24 Launch vehicle, recoverable. A composite of booster stages, injection stages, and a space vehicle carrier having the capability to carry a space vehicle to a parking orbit. Elements of the launch vehicle may be recovered for use and may return to earth with or without the space vehicle.

3.2.25 Leakage current. All current, including capacitively coupled current, that conduct between exposed conductive surfaces of a unit and ground or other exposed surfaces of the unit.

3.2.26 Militarized. Items which are designed and manufactured to meet military requirements.

3.2.27 Minimal acceptance. The least strict performance criterion for a requirement.

3.2.28 Mission critical. quipment that contributes significantly to the safety, maneuverability, and continued mission capability of the platform. Mission critical equipment should be identified as such by the program manager, as directed by the sponsor.

3.2.29 Multipacting. The resonant flow of secondary electrons in a vacuum between two surfaces separated by a distance such that the electron transit time is an odd integral multiple of one half the period of the alternating voltage impressed on the surfaces.

3.2.30 NDI. Nondevelopmental Item. An item which does not require further development. NDI can be COTS, ruggedized, or militarized. NDI may include any of the items specified in a through d:

a. Item of supply that is available in the commercial marketplace.

b. Previously developed item of supply that is in use by a department or agency of the United States Government, a state or local Government, or a foreign Government with which the United States has a mutual defense cooperation agreement.

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c. Item described in a and b above that requires only minor modification to conform to the contracting agency requirements.

d. Item currently being produced that does not conform to requirements specified in a through c above solely because the item is not yet in use, or not yet available in the commercial marketplace.

3.2.31 Open systems architecture (OSA). A system that implements sufficient open specifications, services, and supporting formats to enable properly engineered components to be utilized across a wide range of systems and minimal changes, to interoperate with other components on local and remote systems, and to interact with users in a style that facilitates portability. An open system is characterized by the following:

a. Well defined, widely used, non-propietary interfaces.

b. Use of standards which are developed/adopted by industrially recognized standards bodies.

c. Definition of all aspects of system interfaces to facilitate new or additional systems capabilities for a wide range of applications.

d. Explicit provision for expansion or upgrading through the incorporation of additional or higher performance elements with minimal impact on the system.

3.2.32 Operational constraint. Limits (parameters) which define the operational characteristics and/or environment.

3.2.33 Part. One piece, or two or more pieces joined together, which are not normally subject to disassembly without destruction of designed use. (examples: outer front wheel bearing, electron tube, resistor, screw, gear, capacitor, transformer)

3.2.34 Payload. An assembly carried into space to perform the operational mission.

3.2.35 Program manager. Government program manager (Navy and Air Force) or Government combat developer (Army).

3.2.36 Pyroshock. The shock environment imposed on the space vehicle components due to the structural response when the space or launch vehicle pyrotechnic device is ignited.