Industry Day Presentation - April Ladd - 12-18-2025 rev3.1.pptx

Paducah Industry Day AI Data Center RFO April Ladd Paducah Site Lead December 18, 2025

Portsmouth Paducah Project Office www.energy.gov/PPPO www.energy.gov/PPPO Site Infrastructure Centrally located to road, rail and river transportation, situated just north of a major four-lane highway and within 15 miles of Interstate-24 connecting St. Louis, MO and Nashville, TN National Grid Access (161kV) designed to support a consumer the size of a large city Primary river system is home to active barge industry www.energy.gov/PPPO Paducah Site Background Originally Kentucky Ordnance Works (KOW) World War II munitions plant 3,556 acres ~520 acres licensed to the Kentucky as part of West Kentucky Wildlife Management Area (WKWMA) Surrounded by WKWMA, TVA, and rural residents DOE planning to use the site to support new federal strategic and national defense initiatives requiring data center development www.energy.gov/PPPO Played important role in national defense and supported nuclear energy industry

Footprint 615-acre Limited Area 645 structures/facilities 4 main process buildings 9 miles of railroad track Supported by three major railroads 19 miles of roads 400 miles of process piping

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DOE Property Former KOW

WKWMA

TVA

Property Protection Area

Industrial Area www.energy.gov/PPPO Paducah Site History

Paducah selected for second of three enrichment plants for defense

DOE, US EPA, and Kentucky enter into FFA for PGDP

Discovery of groundwater contamination starting environmental cleanup program and establishing water policy for plant neighbors PGDP placed on National Priorities List in 1994 DOE cleanup mission expands following shutdown

The FFA parties renegotiated milestones for the Site Management Plan to define a completion strategy www.energy.gov/PPPO Construction began in Jan. 1951 Operations began in the Fall of 1952 Added to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994 Entered into tri-party Federal Facilities Agreement with EPA and Kentucky in 1998.

Cleanup Strategy Streamlined regulatory framework focused on a comprehensive site-wide cleanup that facilitates a reindustrialization end-state Draws upon the successes achieved at other DOE sites that have developed similar strategies, used similar tools, and effectively implemented those approaches; and tailor them to the specific needs of the Paducah Site www.energy.gov/PPPO The community has expressed a desire for reindustrialization of the DOE Paducah Site DOE grant to Paducah Area Chamber of Commerce for reindustrialization study Received first land transfer request from local community in 2024 Enrichment facilities Global Laser Enrichment General Matter In November 2025, Paducah Site submitted an RFO for AI Data Center Future Of The Site www.energy.gov/PPPO Seeking partner to develop data center capacity critical to multiple new federal strategic initiatives DOE will provide land at the site for the successful data center partner through a mutually-agreeable lease arrangement In turn, the successful partner will install and operate data center capacity for its own purposes and to meet the evolving and expanding federal requirements for data center capacity needed for strategic purposes, under mutually agreeable terms.

Kentucky’s legislature is supportive of data center development, citing job creation and economic benefits. Greater Paducah Economic Development is strongly supporting data center development at the Paducah Site.

AI Data Center Preference Initial focus of AI Data Center deployment is western portion of site Complements clean-up strategy Immediately leverage federal lease and power purchase authority ~785 acres on the west side of the DOE Paducah Site Land owned by DOE’s Office of Environmental Management

Potential OSWDF Phase 2 Phase 1 DOE & Shared Services GeM Uranium Enrichment Parcel 1 GLE Uranium Enrichment Admin Building www.energy.gov/PPPO DOE is interested in fast-tracking data center development at the site because of the immediate strategic importance the federal government places on the role technological advancement will have in supporting a safe and prosperous future for the country.

Potential OSWDF Phase 2 Phase 1 DOE & Shared Services GeM Uranium Enrichment Parcel 1 GLE Uranium Enrichment Admin Building Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) Active cleanup is still within acreage Actions need to be aligned with operations construction schedule

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DOE Property Active SWMUs/AOCs NFA SWMUs/AOCs

Leasing Parcel B www.energy.gov/PPPO DOE is interested in fast-tracking data center development at the site because of the immediate strategic importance the federal government places on the role technological advancement will have in supporting a safe and prosperous future for the country.

Site Infrastructure Summary

www.energy.gov/PPPO The expansive site allows for initial and immediate data center development in a location removed from DOE’s ongoing site remediation activities and multiple additional locations for expanding data center capacity harmoniously with those activities.

DOE envisions working with a successful data center partner(s) to maximize the buildout out of strategic data center capacity and associated infrastructure throughout the site.

Permitted capacity for sewage treatment plant is 500,000 gpd Current usage rates range from 90,000-130,000 gpd Peak is >250,000 gpd during heavy rainfall events

PGDP Electrical Configuration 19 total former 161kV transmission lines

12 TVA

6 Joppa (formerly EEI)

1 KU

TVA supplied 2,300 MWs Joppa (EEI) supplied 740 MWs Total capability 3,040 MWs Power flowed through more than 80 circuit breakers to large transformers (35) located throughout the plant

Former GDP Configuration

C-535-2 3 lines from Joppa (EEI) 2 lines tie to C-537-2

C-537-2 5 lines from TVA 2 lines tie to C-535-2 1 line ties to C-531-2

C-531-2 2 lines from TVA 1 line ties to C-537-2 1 line ties to C-533-2

C-533-2 5 lines from TVA 3 line from Joppa (EEI) 1 line from KU 1 line ties to C-531-2 www.energy.gov/PPPO PGDP Area Power System During Enrichment Operations in CY2013

PGDP Area Power System June 2025 www.energy.gov/PPPO Current Paducah Power Infrastructure C-538 Substation receives 161kV power from two independent lines Site users convert 161kV to 13.8kV Plant receives power from TVA Shawnee Steam Plant Current available to the Switchyard is 50MW (easily upgradeable to 82MW) Current configuration is two active 25 MVA transformers at C-538 Substation www.energy.gov/PPPO

Transmission Line Ownership Three existing GridLiance Heartland 161-kilovolt transmission lines adjacent to preferred AI Data Center location DOE could support over 500 megawatts of electricity supply for a data center Additional TVA and KU 161-kilovolt lines traverse the site www.energy.gov/PPPO DOE and its data center partner will be able to choose from multiple potential electricity supply regulatory and market structures: Direct organized wholesale market participation (MISO); federal power marketing agency (TVA); investor-owned utility (KU); generation and transmission cooperative utility (Big Rivers Electric); and municipal utility (Paducah Power System).

Recirculating Cooling Water Cooling Towers and Pump Houses Cooling towers and pump houses removed heat produced in the gaseous diffusion process and pumped cooled water back into the process buildings to cool the diffusion machinery Four sets of cooling towers used to remove heat from the enrichment process One set of cooling towers dedicated to each process building

~500 million gallons of water were recirculated in the plant every 24 hours Nearly 12-25 million gallons of water evaporated each day depending on the plant load or power level Currently, all RCW pumps are air gapped. However, the cooling tower structures, and associate piping remain in-place www.energy.gov/PPPO Recirculating Cooling Water Cooling Towers and Pump Houses

C-633-2B Cooling Tower

Pump inside of Pump House www.energy.gov/PPPO C-615 Sewage Treatment Plant PGDP consists of chemical, mechanical, and biological treatment prior to discharge Drainage system requires a Class 2 Sewage Collection license to operate the lift stations and collections stations

Sewage Treatment Plant

C-611 Water Treatment Plant Water treatment process is based on conventional water treatment techniques which include softening, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and chlorination Sanitary and fire water goes through sand filters Water tower provides water for plant’s sanitary water supply.

~185 feet tall and holds ~250,000 gallons of water.

Sanitary Water Storage Tank Water Treatment Plant www.energy.gov/PPPO Raw Water/Water Treatment Capacity Water withdrawal permit allows 30 million gallons per day from Ohio River Four large pumps (each capable of withdrawing 5-14 million gpd) and two smaller pumps located at the TVA Shawnee Steam Plant to the north Maximum capacity of sanitary water is 7.5 million gpd Existing and sizable water supply sourced from the nearby Ohio River

OHIO RIVER

36” Raw Water Lines

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DOE Property Raw Water Power Lines www.energy.gov/PPPO Permitted to withdraw 30 MGD. The drinking water permit for the sanitary water system is for surface withdrawal.

Raw water is taken from the Ohio River, downstream of the confluence of the Ohio, Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. Raw water is taken from the Ohio River at a pumping station operated by TVA at the Shawnee Fossil Plant (north of the plant site). PGDP pumps are located on the same pump deck as the TVA pumps. The PGDP pumping station has a total of six pumps. Four are vertical turbine pumps rated at about 150 gallons per second at 185 foot total discharge head. Two have been replaced with smaller pumps to support the lower demand currently needed.

The raw water pumps discharge into either one or both of two 36-inch lines that convey the water to the C-611 Water Treatment Plant. The switchgear for the raw water pumps are old and below high flood level for the river. Jumpers are available to power the pumps from alternate sources. All work in the pump house intake area is performed under a TVA contract since it is on TVA property. For the two main lines, TVA pays for repairs to their “side valves” and DOE pays for repair to main lines. Dredging of the intake lagoon is performed by TVA without charge to DOE. However, other work (intake cleaning, wet well cleaning, bar screen replacement and pump maintenance) is paid for by DOE thru TVA to contractors. Intakes need to be cleaned every two years.

Natural Gas Distribution Main supply line from Atmos Energy is 6-inch line supplied at 400 psig The PGDP supply line is a 6-inch line regulated down to ~60 psig The DUF6 supply line is a 3-inch line regulated down to ~60 psig www.energy.gov/PPPO The federal government has competitively sourced electricity supply to the PGDP Site since its inception in the 1950s and expects that to continue with its plans for new strategic initiatives at the site.

The site also has land available to support on-site electric generation development from multiple technologies (e.g., a nearby interstate natural gas pipeline).

Resources At The Paducah Site Robust workforce familiar with large-scale infrastructure construction, operations and maintenance ~1,400 employees at the site with experience in Project management Facility modification Utility optimization Information technology Environmental services Technical and engineering services www.energy.gov/PPPO image2.png image3.png image4.jpeg image1.png image5.png image6.png image7.png image8.jpeg image9.jpeg image10.jpeg image11.jpeg image12.jpeg image13.jpeg image14.jpeg image15.jpg image16.png image17.png image18.jpg image19.jpeg image20.png image21.emf image22.emf image23.png image24.jpeg image25.png image26.jpeg image27.jpeg image28.png image29.JPG image30.png image31.jpeg image32.jpeg image33.png image34.png