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DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

As of June 2020 i

PREFACE

1. Scope

As directed in Joint Publication (JP) 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms [Short title: DOD Dictionary] sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all DOD components.

2. Purpose

This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD with other US Government departments and agencies and among the United States and its allies.

3. Application

This publication applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff (JS), combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components. It is the primary terminology source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and planning documents. Criteria for inclusion of terminology in the DOD Dictionary is enumerated in Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

4. Format

The primary parts of the DOD Dictionary are:

a. Explanatory notes.

b. Terms and definitions.

c. Shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms).

d. Summary of changes.

5. DOD Dictionary Online Availability and Update Schedule

Joint Staff, J-7, does not print copies of the DOD Dictionary. The DOD Dictionary is accessible online in PDF format on the JEL [Joint Electronic Library] (Internet) at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology/ and as a searchable database and PDF on the JEL+ [Joint Electronic Library Plus] on NIPRNET [Non-classified Internet Protocol Router Network] at https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/ (common access card required) and SIPRNET

Preface ii

[SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network] https://jdeis.js.smil.mil/jdeis/index.jsp. The contents of the DOD Dictionary are updated as necessary, to include terminology additions, modifications, or deletions, in accordance with CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

6. Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances

This publication is supplemented by the Terminology Repository for DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense [OSD]/JS) Issuances (Terminology Repository) (For Official Use Only).

Over the last 65 years, specific and technical DOD terms and definitions established in senior policy document glossaries reside outside of the DOD Dictionary and not subject to joint doctrine terminology criteria for general and universal usage listed in CJCSI 5705.01. The 25,000+ policy term Terminology Repository provides awareness on those specific or descriptive terms in defense documents (policy, strategy, planning, doctrine, etc.) that support the foundation of the 2,500+ doctrine term DOD Dictionary. Its creation is the primary step in deconflicting terminology nuances within organizational documents that may impact joint doctrine.

7. Department of Defense Term and Definition Approach

After consulting DODI 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and CJCSI 5705.01 for term and definition criteria, proponents of new or existing terms will first review the DOD Dictionary and then access the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries in creating new DOD terms and definitions. The repository is common access card-enabled and located at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/.

8. Citation

Per JP 1, and for reference purposes in official DOD materials, this document will be listed as: Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, “DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms,” as amended. For all other documentation, this will be cited as:

Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, (Washington DC: The Joint Staff, date), page # if necessary.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXPLANATORY NOTES

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

SHORTENED WORD FORMS (ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND

INITIALISMS)

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Table of Contents iv

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. Updates and Terminology Actions

a. Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, terminology actions for the DOD Dictionary (additions; modifications;

revalidations, to include those parts of a JP or issuance/directive policy revision process;

or deletions) are approved using one of the following five methods:

(1) DOD terminology proposed from JPs;

(2) DOD terminology directed by the Secretary of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) via specific memorandum;

(3) DOD terminology proposed from DOD (Office of the Secretary of Defense [OSD] and CJCS) issuances;

(4) Terminology in Allied Administrative Publication-6, NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French), (reference i) and “NATOTerm,” the official NATO Terminology Database, may be proposed for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary with the appropriate DOD issuance or JP as the source document; and/or

(5) Approved administrative changes/updates by the DOD Terminologist.

b. Per guidance in CJCSI 5705.01, any DOD Dictionary term and definition, where the identified proponent is an OSD/JS issuance that remains in the document as part of an organizational change or other revision process must be revalidated or modified as a part of the revision process. Proponents of terms and definitions that do not follow this process will result in automatic removal from the DOD Dictionary and movement to the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances. Any terms identified for removal from OSD/JS issuances will subsequently be removed from the DOD Dictionary and automatically placed in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances.

2. Terminology Categorization (Policy and Joint Doctrine)

a. Military Terminology. Standardized military and associated terminology forms the foundation of joint doctrine. It enables the joint force to organize, plan, train, and execute operations with a common language that is clearly articulated and universally understood.

Since 1948, military terms have been codified in the DOD Dictionary. Although different in purpose, policy documents also require standardized terminology. While some policy terms are included in the DOD Dictionary, the bulk are codified in the Terminology Repository of DOD (OSD/JS) Issuances. Policy terms may form the basis of doctrinal terms, further describe doctrinal concepts, or temporarily fill gaps in joint doctrine until adopted as extant practice. If included in the DOD Dictionary, policy terms will conform to the CJCSI 5705.01 and standing operating procedure guidelines.

b. Policy and Joint Doctrine. Policy directs and assigns tasks, prescribes desired capabilities, and provides guidance for ensuring the Armed Forces of the United States are

Explanatory Notes prepared to perform their assigned roles. Implicitly, policy can create new roles and requirements for new capabilities. Joint doctrine enhances the operational effectiveness of the Armed Forces by providing official advice and standardized terminology on topics relevant to the employment of military forces. Although joint doctrine is neither policy nor strategy, it serves to make United States policy and strategy effective in the application of US military power. Terminology developed within policy and joint doctrine serves different purposes. The terminology required to support the employment of forces (doctrinal terms) may not be optimal for policy developers, whose purpose may be to illuminate resource or requirement documents. Terminology developed for DOD policy is not limited by the constraints imposed on doctrine terminology. Policy definitions may provide the basis for the doctrinal terms. Doctrinal terms cannot be in conflict with the law, regulation, or policy.

c. Strategic Effect Terms. Departments and agencies normally define mission task terms (n - deterrence, stabilization, etc.) instead of strategic effect terms (v) to avoid confusion within and between mission areas and levels of engagement. For strategic effect terms, the standard dictionary definition often applies. The following is a lengthy but not whole inclusive list of strategic effect terms: advance, assure, coerce, compete, compel, contain, deceive, defeat, degrade, delay, delegitimize, deny, destroy, deter, discredit, disable, discourage, disrupt, divert, engage, enhance, integrate, isolate, kill, maintain, manage, neutralize, prevent, protect, stabilize, suppress, synchronize.

3. Terminology Definition Development

The DOD Dictionary is designed to supplement common English-language dictionaries with standard terminology for military and associated use. After reviewing policy for criteria and the DOD Dictionary for existence, developers must consult the Terminology Repository before defaulting to commonly used, English-language dictionaries as a starting point in creating new DOD Dictionary terms and definitions. A definition should address the meaning of the term only and should not contain doctrinal or procedural information (i.e., it should focus on describing “what” a term is and not “how” or “why” it is used). If additional text is desired to elaborate on a definition, that information should be provided in the text of the publication. Accordingly, the following CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and standing operating procedure criteria are used to determine the acceptability of terminology for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary:

a. The term in a standard, commonly accepted dictionary is inadequate for DOD use.

b. The term is not a standard dictionary definition with non-definitional text added.

Example: capability - The ability to complete a task or execute a course of action under specified conditions and level of performance.

c. The term is not self-defining. Example: bomber aircraft – An aircraft that is capable of delivery bombs.

d. The term is not a policy term that competes or overrides a doctrinal term in the DOD Dictionary.

e. The proposed term follows established procedures in this issuance. Verification must be provided that the DOD Terminologist approved; otherwise, the term will only be reflected in the Terminology Repository.

f. Reflects extant DOD capabilities and practices.

g. Of general military or associated significance. Technical or highly specialized terms may be included if they can be defined in easily understood language and if their inclusion is of general military or associated significance.

h. Terms for weaponry are limited to generic weapon systems.

i. Are not to consist of or contain shortened word forms (e.g., abbreviations, acronyms, or initialisms).

j. Must be UNCLASSIFIED (including shortened word forms) and marked as such if in controlled (e.g., FOUO) or classified documents.

k. Are not prowords, code words, brevity words, or NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization]-only terms.

l. Are not Service-specific or functionality-specific unless they are commonly employed in US joint force operations.

m. An approved joint term with similar definition does not exist.

n. Must be consistent with US law, treaties, international agreements, and executive orders.

o. Noun terms should be in singular form.

p. With few exceptions, should be general terms, not proper names.

q. Cross reference entries (i.e., ‘also called’ terms) will not have a separate entry.

Example: ‘Universal Time’ is also called ‘ZULU time,’ but no separate entry for ‘ZULU time’.

r. Terms must appear and be used in the body of the document, not just in its glossary.

s. Proposed entries should be written as a definition and not as a description.

See CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, Enclosure C, Definition Writing Guide, for specific guidance that should be followed when developing terms and definitions intended for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary.

4. Shortened Word Forms (Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms)

The DOD Dictionary includes shortened word forms (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) for DOD and associated military terms. Shortened word forms in the DOD

Dictionary are solely derived from currently approved JP glossaries and not centrally managed by the program for the joint force. Although all are shortened versions of a word or phrase, typically by a series of letters, there is a difference.

a. An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase pronounced as a word (e.g., SecDef).

b. An acronym is a shortened form of a phrase of words, where the letters of the acronym stand for the terms of its meaning and is also read as a word (e.g., ASAP [as soon as possible]).

c. An initialism is a shortened form of a word or phrase that is not spoken as a word;

each letter is spoken separately (e.g., DOD).

d. Parenthesis Use After Definitions

(1) The term associated with an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism is referred to as the definition (e.g., the initialism definition for FOUO is ‘for official use only’). In some cases, there may be another abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in parenthesis following the definition. If the term is associated with a specific organization, the definition will include this tag in parenthesis showing it is an organizational-specific term.

For example: ACE -- aviation combat element (USMC) or AFNORTHWEST -- Allied Forces North West Europe (NATO).

(2) There should only be a DOD Dictionary-approved abbreviation, acronym, or initialism in the parenthesis.

e. Other Criteria for Shortened Word Forms

The list below is not an exhaustive list of criteria for shortened word forms but is provided as general guidance for organizations in their creation and management.

Shortened word forms reflect those used in individual joint doctrine publications.

Additional detail on shortened word form construction and guidance may be found in organizational standard operating procedures. Avoid overuse of shortened word forms.

(1) Must be unclassified and marked as such if in controlled or classified documents. This means a glossary has to be marked unclassified to have the terms and definitions considered for inclusion in the DOD Dictionary or Terminology Repository.

(2) Must be more than one letter.

(3) Should avoid duplicating existing shortened word forms and must only have one meaning within a single document.

(4) Should generally use capital letters.

(5) Should only be created when needed and commonly used. All terms do not need a shortened word form.

(6) Establish in a document only when the term is used more than once within the body.

(7) Should not be used to create other shortened word forms (e.g., “Director, NRO” does not establish “DNRO,” regardless if “NRO” was established earlier in the text).

(8) Should not be established as part of another shortened word form for use later in the text (e.g., if “C-2X” is being established using “counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element,” the definition cannot be written as “counterintelligence [CI] and human intelligence [HUMINT] staff element” to establish CI and HUMINT for later use).

5. Terminology Repository for Department of Defense (Office of the Secretary of Defense/Joint Staff) Issuances

The Terminology Repository was established to provide awareness on specific and technical policy terms and definitions that reside outside the DOD Dictionary (universal and general terms). The Terminology Repository supports the foundation that the DOD Dictionary is the primary terminology source. When accessing joint publications or policy, strategy, and planning documents, users should review both the DOD Dictionary and the Terminology Repository to develop a full understanding of how a term may be described, defined, or used to proceed accordingly. It is also recommended that all glossary developers also use the criteria enumerated in paragraph 2 in maintaining terms and definitions. Like the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is unclassified and uncontrolled. Unlike the DOD Dictionary, the Terminology Repository is not meant to capture or track shortened word forms such as abbreviations, acronyms, or initialisms. The Terminology Repository can be found on the Terminology Program webpage at http://www.jcs.mil/Doctrine/DOD-Terminology-Program/.

The Terminology Repository is updated from policy document glossaries that received new issuance dates and submitted by offices of primary responsibility (OPRs). Issuance OPRs populate and transmit new issuance-completed glossary content using the DOD Terminology Glossary Transmit Form found on the Joint Electronic Library. Update/change glossary modified terms are submitted individually in the form under the same procedures.

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TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

A acceptability — The plan review criterion for assessing whether the contemplated course of action is proportional, worth the cost, consistent with the law of war, and is militarily and politically supportable. See also adequacy; feasibility. (JP 5-0) access — In counterintelligence and intelligence use, a. a way or means of approach to identify a target; or b. exploitable proximity to or ability to approach an individual, facility, or information that enables target to carry out the intended mission. (JP 2-01.2) accompanying supplies — Unit supplies that deploy with forces. (JP 4-01.5) accountability — The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. (JP 1) acoustic intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic phenomena. (JP 2-0) acquisition and cross-servicing agreement — Agreement, negotiated on a bilateral basis with countries or international organizations, that allow United States forces to exchange most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and equipment. Also called ACSA. See also cross-servicing. (JP 3-16) action phase — In amphibious operations, the period of time between the arrival of the landing forces of the amphibious force in the operational area and the accomplishment of their mission. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force;

mission. (JP 3-02) activation — Order to active duty (other than for training) in the federal service. See also active duty; federal service. (JP 4-05) active defense — The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense. (JP 3-60) active duty — Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States, including active duty or full-time training duty in the Reserve Component. See also active duty for training; inactive duty training. (JP 4-05) active duty for training — A tour of active duty that is used for training members of the Reserve Component to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of the Armed Forces of the United States in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the national security requires. (JP 4-05)

Active Guard and Reserve — National Guard and Reserve members who are on voluntary active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and

Terms and Definitions

Active Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the Reserve Components. (CJCSM 3150.13) activity — 1. A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission. 2. A function, mission, action, or collection of actions. (JP 3-0) activity-based intelligence — An analytic method applied to structured data from multiple sources, to discover objects, relationships, or behaviors by resolving significant activity. Also call ABI. (JP 2-03) act of mercy — In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders’ cause or plight. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) acute radiation dose — Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a period so short that biological recovery cannot occur. (JP 3-11) acute radiation syndrome — An acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by a high dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time. Also called ARS. (JP 3-11)

Adaptive Planning and Execution — A Department of Defense enterprise of joint policies, processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications and information technology, that is used by the joint planning and execution community to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with joint operations. Also called APEX. (JP 5-0) adequacy — The plan review criterion for assessing whether the scope and concept of planned operations can accomplish the assigned mission and comply with the planning guidance provided. See also acceptability; feasibility. (JP 5-0) administrative contracting officer — Contracting officer whose primary duties involve contract administration. Also called ACO. See also contracting officer; procuring contracting officer. (JP 4-10) administrative control — Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) administrative loading — A loading method that gives primary consideration to achieving maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical considerations. Also called commercial loading. (JP 3-02) advanced force operations — Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, identified targets and further develop the operational environment for near-term missions. Also called AFO. (JP 3-05) advance guard — Detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted advance; to protect the main body against surprise; to facilitate the advance by removing obstacles and repairing roads and bridges; and to cover the deployment of the main body if it is committed to action. (JP 3-07.2) adversary — A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) adversary template — A model based on an adversary’s known or postulated preferred methods of operation illustrating the disposition and activity of adversary forces and assets conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the impact of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) aerial port — An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of personnel and materiel, as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from the country where located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 3-17) aeromedical evacuation — The movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) aeromedical evacuation control team — A core team assigned to a component-numbered Air Force air operations center air mobility division that provides operational planning, scheduling, and execution of theater aeromedical evacuation missions and positioning of aeromedical evacuation ground forces. Also called AECT. See also aeromedical evacuation; air mobility division. (JP 3-17) aerospace defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking enemy aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. See also air defense;

space defense. (JP 3-27) afloat pre-positioning force — Shipping maintained in full operational status to afloat pre-position military equipment and supplies in support of combatant commanders’ operation plans, consisting of the three maritime pre-positioning ships squadrons, the Army’s afloat pre-positioning stocks-3 ships, and the Defense Logistics Agency, and the Air Force ships.

Also called APF. See also maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 4-01.2) afloat pre-positioning operations — Pre-positioning of ships, preloaded with equipment and supplies that provides for an alternative to land-based programs. See also operation. (JP 4-01.6) agency — In intelligence usage, an organization or individual that collects and/or processes information. Also called collection agency. See also agent; intelligence process;

source. (JP 2-01) agent — In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. (JP 2-01.2) aimpoint — 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact.

2. A prominent radar-significant feature used to assist an aircrew in navigating and delivering their weapons. See also desired point of impact. (JP 3-60) air and missile defense — Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01) air apportionment — The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a given period of time. (JP 3-0) air assault — The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain.. See also assault.

(JP 3-18)

air assault force — A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) air assault operation — An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotary-wing or tiltrotor aircraft and the total integration of available fires, maneuver under the control of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. (JP 3-18) airborne — 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained to effect, following transport by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown. 2. In relation to equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use by airborne troops during or after an assault debarkation, as well as some aeronautical equipment used to accomplish a particular mission. 3. When applied to materiel, items that form an integral part of the aircraft. 4. The state of an aircraft, from the instant it becomes entirely sustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained. (JP 3-17) airborne alert — A state of aircraft readiness wherein combat-equipped aircraft are airborne and ready for immediate action to reduce reaction time and to increase survivability. See also combat air patrol; ground alert. (JP 3-01) airborne assault — The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack and eliminate armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18) airborne early warning — The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly units. (JP 3-52) airborne mission coordinator — The designated individual that serves as an airborne extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. See also combat search and rescue;

personnel recovery coordination cell. (JP 3-50) airborne operation — An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or strategic mission. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-18) air corridor — A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces. (JP 3-52) aircraft carrier — A warship designed to support and operate aircraft, engage in attacks on targets afloat or ashore, and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces. (JP 3-32) air defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or aerodynamic missiles, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called AD. See also aerospace defense. (JP 3-01) air defense area — 1. overseas — A specifically defined airspace for which air defense must be planned and provided. 2. United States — Airspace of defined dimensions designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency. (JP 3-01) air defense artillery — Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the ground. Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) air defense identification zone — Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. (JP 3-52) air defense region — A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01) air defense sector — A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01) air defense warning condition — An air defense warning given in the form of a color code corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01) air domain — The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) airdrop — The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. See also air movement; free drop; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) air expeditionary task force — A deployed numbered air force or command echelon immediately subordinate to a numbered air force provided as the United States Air Force component command committed to a joint operation. Also called AETF. (JP 3-30) airfield — An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing area; landing site. (JP 3-17)

Air Force special operations air component — The Air Force component of a joint special operations force, normally composed of a special operations wing, special operations group, or squadron, and element of an Air Force special tactics personnel.

Also called AFSOAC. (JP 3-05)

Air Force special operations air detachment — A squadron-size headquarters that could be a composite organization composed of different Air Force special operations assets, normally subordinate to an Air Force special operations air component, joint special operations air component, joint special operations task force, or a joint task force.

Also called AFSOAD. (JP 3-05)

Air Force special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Air Force forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called AFSOF. (JP 3-05) airhead — A lodgment that, when seized and held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. See also beachhead. (JP 3-18) airhead line — A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. See also airhead; assault phase; objective area. (JP 3-18) air interdiction — Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Also called AI. (JP 3-03) airland — Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an aircraft is hovering. See also air movement. (JP 3-17) airland operation — An operation involving movement by air with a designated destination for further ground deployment of units and personnel and/or further ground distribution of supplies. See also airland. (JP 3-17) air liaison officer — The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. Also called ALO. (JP 3-09.3) airlift capability — The total capacity expressed in terms of number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of cargo that can be carried at any one time to a given destination by available airlift. See also airlift requirement. (JP 3-17) airlift control team — A core team within the joint air operations center with intratheater airlift functional expertise to plan, coordinate, manage, and execute intratheater airlift operations in support of the joint force air component commander. Also called ALCT.

See also air operations center; air mobility division; intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) airlift mission commander — A commander designated when airlift aircraft are participating in airlift operations specified in the implementing directive. See also joint force air component commander. (JP 3-17) airlift requirement — The total number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task. See also airlift capability.

(JP 3-17)

air mobility — The rapid movement of personnel, materiel, and forces to and from or within a theater by air. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17)

Air Mobility Command — The Air Force component command of the United States Transportation Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-17) air mobility control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that directs or redirects air mobility forces in response to requirements changes, higher priorities, or immediate execution requirements. Also called AMCT. See also air operations center; air mobility; air mobility division. (JP 3-17) air mobility division — Located in the joint air operations center to plan, coordinate, task, and execute the air mobility mission consisting of the air mobility control team, airlift control team, air refueling control team, and aeromedical evacuation control team.

Also called AMD. See also air mobility; joint air operations center. (JP 3-17) air mobility liaison officer — A rated United States Air Force mobility air forces officer selected, trained, and equipped to assess, train, advise, and assist with mobility air forces and ground force integration for air movement and sustainment. Also called

AMLO. (JP 3-17)

air movement — Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment, including airdrops and air landings. See also airdrop; airland. (JP 3-17) air operations center — The senior agency of the Air Force component commander that provides command and control of Air Force air and space operations and coordinates with other components and Services. Also called AOC. (JP 3-30) air refueling — The refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft. Also called AR.

(JP 3-17)

air refueling control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that coordinates aerial refueling to support combat air operations or to support a strategic airbridge. Also called ARCT. See also air operations center; air mobility division;

air refueling. (JP 3-17) air route — The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary for the application of flight rules. (JP 3-52) air sovereignty — A nation’s inherent right to exercise absolute control and authority over the airspace above its territory. (JP 3-27) airspace control — Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) airspace control area — Airspace that is laterally defined by the boundaries of the operational area and may be subdivided into sectors. (JP 3-01) airspace control authority — The commander designated to assume overall responsibility for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called ACA. See also airspace control; airspace control area; airspace control system; control; operation. (JP 3-52) airspace control order — An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures. Also called

ACO. (JP 3-52)

airspace control plan — The document approved by the joint force commander that provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. See also airspace control system; joint force commander. (JP 3-52) airspace control procedures — Rules, mechanisms, and directions that facilitate the control and use of airspace of specified dimensions. See also airspace control authority; airspace control order; airspace control plan. (JP 3-52) airspace control system — An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called

ACS. (JP 3-52)

airspace coordinating measures — Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. Also called ACMs. See also airspace control area; airspace coordination area; high-density airspace control zone; weapons engagement zone. (JP 3-52) airspace coordination area — A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) airspace management — The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace of defined dimensions. (JP 3-52) air superiority — That degree of control of the air by one force that permits the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) air support control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air control center designated to coordinate, control, and integrate all direct-support aircraft and assault-support operations. Also called ASCS. (JP 3-02) air support operations center — The principal air control agency of the theater air control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called ASOC. See also close air support;

operation; Navy tactical air control center. (JP 3-09.3) air support request — A means to request preplanned and immediate close air support, air interdiction, air reconnaissance, surveillance, escort, helicopter airlift, and other aircraft missions. Also called AIRSUPREQ. (JP 3-30) air supremacy — That degree of control of the air wherein the opposing force is incapable of effective interference within the operational area using air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) air tasking order — A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities, and/or forces to targets and specific missions. Also called ATO. (JP 3-30) air terminal — A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the in-transit processing of traffic. (JP 3-17) air traffic control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air control center designed to provide initial safe passage, radar control, and surveillance for close air support aircraft in the operational area. Also called ATCS.

(JP 3-02)

alert order — 1. A planning directive normally associated with a crisis, issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on behalf of the President or Secretary of Defense, that provides essential planning guidance and directs the development, adaptation, or refinement of a plan/order after the directing authority approves a military course of action. 2. A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance, directs the initiation of planning after the directing authority approves a military course of action, but does not authorize execution. Also called ALERTORD.

See also course of action. (JP 5-0) alliance — The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. See also multinational. (JP 3-0)

Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence — A partnership between five nations (United States and allied partners Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom) to advance the geospatial intelligence mission with a common analytic environment to provide a common geospatial intelligence picture. Also called ASG. (JP 2-03) allocation — 1. Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing requirements. 2. The temporary transfer of forces to meet the operational demand of combatant commanders, including rotational requirements and requests for capabilities or forces (unit or individual) in response to crisis or emergent contingencies. See also apportionment. (JP 5-0) allocation request —A daily message that provides an estimate of the total air effort, identifies any excess and joint force general support aircraft sorties, and identifies unfilled air requirements for preplanned missions. Also called ALLOREQ. (JP 3-30) allowable cabin load — The maximum payload that can be carried on an individual sortie.

Also called ACL. (JP 3-17) all-source intelligence — 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that incorporate all sources of information in the production of finished intelligence. 2. In intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) amphibian — A small craft, propelled by propellers and wheels or by air cushions for the purpose of moving on both land and water. (JP 4-01.6) amphibious advance force — A temporary support force assigned to the amphibious force that conducts shaping operations in the amphibious objective area or operational area prior to the arrival of the amphibious force. (JP 3-02) amphibious air traffic control center — The centralized air traffic control agency on an amphibious warfare ship responsible for operational control of aircraft departing from and recovering on the ship and tactical control of airborne helicopters in support of amphibious assaults. Also called AATCC. (JP 3-02) amphibious assault — A type of amphibious operation that involves establishing a force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-02) amphibious assault vehicle launching area — An area, in the vicinity of and to seaward of the line of departure, to which landing ships proceed and launch amphibious assault vehicles. (JP 3-02) amphibious breaching — The conduct of a deliberate breaching operation specifically planned to overcome antilanding defenses to conduct amphibious operations. (JP 3-02) amphibious bulk liquid transfer system — Hose-reel system providing capability to deliver fuel and/or water from ship to shore. Also called ABLTS. (JP 4-01.6) amphibious construction battalion — A permanently commissioned naval unit, subordinate to the commander, naval beach group, designed to provide an administrative unit from which personnel and equipment are formed in tactical elements and made available to appropriate commanders to operate causeways, transfer barges, warping tugs, and assault bulk fuel systems and to meet salvage requirements of the naval beach party. Also called PHIBCB. (JP 3-02) amphibious defense zone — The area encompassing the amphibious objective area and the adjoining airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air defense. Also called an ADZ. (JP 3-02) amphibious demonstration — A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose of deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy into following an unfavorable course of action. (JP 3-02) amphibious force — An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations. Also called AF. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; landing force.

(JP 3-02)

amphibious objective area — A geographical area of sufficient size for conducting necessary sea, air, and land operations and within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious force. Also called AOA. See also amphibious force;

mission. (JP 3-02) amphibious operation — A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force to conduct landing force operations within the littorals. Also called PHIBOP.

See also amphibious force; landing force; mission; operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious raid — A type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into, or temporary occupation of, an objective area followed by a planned withdrawal. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious ready group — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious operations, commanded by an amphibious squadron commander. Also called ARG.

(JP 3-02)

amphibious squadron — A tactical and administrative organization composed of amphibious warfare ships used to transport troops and their equipment for an amphibious operation. Also called PHIBRON. (JP 3-02) amphibious task force — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious operations. Also called ATF. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation;

landing force. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle — A wheeled or tracked vehicle capable of operating on both land and water. See also landing craft. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of amphibious vehicles available primarily for assault landings and for support of other elements of the operation. (JP 3-02) amphibious vehicle employment plan — A plan showing, in tabular form, the planned employment of amphibious vehicles during landing operations, to include initial movement to the beach. (JP 3-02) amphibious warfare ship — A combatant ship having organic capability to embark, land, and support landing forces in amphibious operations and which has characteristics enabling long-duration operations on the high seas. (JP 3-02) amphibious withdrawal — A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) analysis and production — In intelligence usage, the conversion of processed information into intelligence through the integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all source data and the preparation of intelligence products in support of known or anticipated user requirements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) antiaccess — Action, activity, or capability, usually long-range, designed to prevent an advancing enemy force from entering an operational area. Also called A2. (JP 3-0)

Antideficiency Act violations — The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure (outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 3-80) antiradiation missile — A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. Also called ARM. See also guided missile. (JP 3-01) antisubmarine warfare — Operations conducted with the intention of denying the enemy the effective use of submarines. Also called ASW. (JP 3-32) antiterrorism — Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian forces. Also called AT. See also counterterrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-07.2) anti-vehicle land mine — A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a vehicle. Also called AVL. (JP 3-15) application — 1. The system or problem to which a computer is applied. 2. In the intelligence context, the direct extraction and tailoring of information from an existing foundation of intelligence and near real time reporting. (JP 2-0) apportionment — The quantities of force capabilities and resources provided for planning purposes only, but not necessarily an identification of the actual forces that may be allocated for use when a plan transitions to execution. See also allocation. (JP 5-0) approach schedule — In amphibious operations, a schedule that indicates, for each scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of departure and from other control points, and the time of arrival at the beach. (JP 3-02) apron — A defined area on an airfield intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. (JP 3-34) area air defense commander — The component commander with the preponderance of air defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) area damage control — Measures taken before, during, and/or after a hostile action or natural or manmade disasters to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its effects.