Fire Strategy 250925 B4229.pdf

FIRE STRATEGY

95 % Design Submittal

PROJECT: Add / Alter Bldg. 1058 for Satellite Fire Station 8 Vogelweh Fam-ily Housing

An der Schwarzbach 66877 Ramstein, Germany

CLIENT: 435th Construction and Training Squadron (CTS)

An der Schwarzbach

66877 Ramstein

Deutschland, Germany

GENERAL PLANNER: 435th Construction and Training Squadron (CTS)

An der Schwarzbach

66877 Ramstein

Deutschland, Germany

FIRE SAFETY

CONSULTANT:

KREBS+KIEFER

Ingenieure GmbH

Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 2 | 64295 Darmstadt, Germany

T 06151 885-0 | F 06151 885-150

File number: 2025 0074

Darmstadt, September 25, 2025

Project Manager: Dimitrios Zografidis B.Sc.

SCALE: Pages 1 to 26 and

1 Code Compliance Summary Sheet (Code Alignment)

1 Fire Protection / Life Safety Drawings

AZ: 2025 0074 Fire Strategy 95 % Design Submittal As of: September 25, 2025

Page 2/26

CONTENTS

A. GENERAL INFORMATION

A.1. Scope of Work

A.2. Bases

A.2.1. Legal Basis

FRG Codes & Ordinances

FRG Standards & Guidelines

US / USACE Legal Basis

A.2.2. Planning Bases

A.3. Description of the Building Project

A.3.1. Description of the Facility and the Usage

A.3.2. Local Situation and Accessibility

A.3.3. Number and Type of Occupants

A.3.4. Classification

A.3.5. Safety Objectives

B. EVALUATION

B.1. Structural Fire Protection

B.1.1. Fire Protection Areas

Fire Areas

Occupancies / Smoke Compartments

Rooms with Heightened Risk of Fire

B.1.2. Arrangement of Means of Egress

Primary and Secondary Escape Routes

Occupant Load / Capacity of Means of Egress

Dimensioning of Means of Egress

Doors in Means of Egress

Persons with Disabilities

B.1.3. Structural Elements and Construction Materials

Load-bearing Walls

Exterior Walls

Floor/Ceiling Assemblies

Partition Walls

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Protection from Hazards

Fire Break Walls

Roofs

Stairs

Protected Staircases / Exit Enclosures

Exit Access Corridors

Insulation and Façade

Suspended Ceilings, Interior Finish and Furnishings

False Floors

B.1.4. Building Services

Elevators

Cabling and Pipes

Heating Systems

Ventilation Systems

B.2. Fire Protection Systems

B.2.1. Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System

B.2.2. Smoke / Heat Detection

B.2.3. CO Detection

B.2.4. Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems

Sprinkler System

B.2.5. Non-automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems

Standpipe and Hose Systems

Range top Extinguising Systems

B.2.6. Smoke Vents and Heat Control

B.2.7. Emergency Power Supply

B.2.8. Emergency Lighting

B.2.9. Lightning Protection

B.3. Organizational Fire Protection

B.3.1. Emergency Plans

B.3.2. Emergency Egress and Relocation Drills

B.3.3. Portable Fire Extinguishers

B.3.4. Inspection of Technical Facilities

B.4. Fire Department Operations

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B.4.1. Capability of the Fire Department

B.4.2. Water Supply

Water Demand

Water Storage

Hydrants

B.4.3. Fire Fighting Water Retention

B.4.4. Fire Fighting Plans

B.4.5. Fire Department Areas

B.4.6. Facilities for the Fire Department

C. DEVIATION AND COMPENSATION MEASURES

D. CONCLUDING REMARK

E. APPENDIX

E.1. Fire Protection and Life Safety Drawings

E.2. Occupant load and egress capacity calculation

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A. GENERAL INFORMATION

A.1. Scope of Work

KREBS+KIEFER Ingenieure GmbH was contracted by 435th CTS, An der Schwarzbach, 66877

Ramstein, Germany with the preparation of a fire strategy for the project

“Add / Alter Bldg. 1058 For Satellite Fire Station 8 Vogelweh Family Housing” at an der

Schwarzbach, 66877 Ramstein, Germany.

The evaluation considers the currently valid building regulations for fire protection in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The fire strategy is the proof of the preventive fire protection in accord-ance with § 5 (4) and § 15 (1) of the “Landesverordnung über Bauunterlagen und die technische

Prüfung” (BauuntPrüfVO).

The legal bases for building requirements comprise national laws, ordinances and guidelines and the primary regulations specified by the US Army and the United States Army Corps of En-gineers (USACE) in accordance with the Unified Building Criteria 3-600-01 (UFC), the Interna-tional Building Code (IBC) and the fire protection guidelines of the National Fire Protection As-sociation (NFPA) complemented by Army standards and technical instructions of US Army

Corps of Engineers.

According to UFC 3-600-01 projects outside the Unites States must comply with provisions of the UFC and the host nation fire protection requirements. The contractor must ensure compli-ance with the most stringent requirements given in the specific regulation as applicable. There-fore, a code alignment comparing US and German requirements is provided with this fire strat-egy.

Fire protection measures that may result from insurance regulations are not evaluated. The same applies to work safety measures resulting from the technical regulations for workplaces.

This shall be agreed with the authority having jurisdiction. Furthermore, assessment of the ex-plosion protection as well as anti-terrorism force protection is not part of the fire strategy.

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A.2. Bases

A.2.1. Legal Basis

FRG Codes & Ordinances

LBauO Rhineland-Palatinate Building Code

Landesbauordnung Rheinland-Pfalz vom 24.11.1998, letzte berücksichtigte Änderung vom 26.11.2024 (GVBI. S.365)

AnlPrüfVO Inspections Ordinance

Landesordnung über die Prüfung technischer Anlagen vom 13. Juli 2022, zuletzt geändert

Dezember 2022 (GVBI. S. 445)

FRG Standards & Guidelines

VV-TB Administrative Regulation Technical Building Regulations

Verwaltungsvorschrift Technische Baubestimmungen des Ministeriums der Finanzen, Ausgabe 2023/1

LAR Cabling and Pipes Guideline

Richtlinie über brandschutztechnische Anforderungen an Leitungsanlagen (Leitungsan-lagen-Richtlinie), Fassung September 2020

RFlFw Fire Department Areas Guideline

Richtlinien über Flächen für die Feuerwehr, Fassung Mai 2021

DIN 4102 Fire Behaviour of Building Materials and Elements

Brandverhalten von Baustoffen und Bauteilen in der aktuellen Fassung

DIN EN 13501 Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building Elements

Klassifizierung von Bauprodukten und Bauarten zu Ihrem Brandverhalten

DVGW W 405 Standard for Fire Water Supply

Technische Regel, Arbeitsblatt W405, Bereitstellung von Löschwasser durch die öffentli-che Trinkwasserversorgung, Stand Februar 2008

DVGW W331 Standard for Hydrants

Technische Regel, Arbeitsblatt W331. Auswahl, Einbau und Betrieb von Hydranten, Stand

November 2006

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US / USACE Legal Basis

UFC 1-200-01 Unified Facilities Criteria - General Building Requirements 2022-09 incl. Change 1, 24 February 2023 edition

UFC 4-730-10 Unified Facilities Criteria – Fire Stations, May 08 2019 edition with changes from June 11

UFC 3-600-01 Unified Facilities Criteria – Fire Protection Engineering For Facilities, May 06 2021 edition

IBC International Building Code, 2021 edition

NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (LSC), 2024 edition

NFPA 1 Fire Code, 2021 edition

NFPA 10 Installation of Fire Extinguishers, 2022 edition

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC), 2023 edition

NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, 2022 edition

NFPA 110 Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2022 edition

ABA/ADA Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines, July 2004 edition

A.2.2. Planning Bases

Table 1 Planning Bases

Drawing-No. Designation Index / As of

A1 FLOOR PLAN 05.09.2025

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A.3. Description of the Building Project

A.3.1. Description of the Facility and the Usage

The building project is located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany.

The purpose of this project is to alter the use of the building to a fire station.

The proposed building has an area of approximately 720 m2 (7,730 ft2). The proposed building consists of two parts. One part consists of bunk and day rooms, a utility room for house installa-tions, an office room for the supervisor and a telecommunication room. Additionally a shared kitchen and a gym are included as well. The other part includes an apparatus bay as well as rooms for gear storage, general repairs, medical equipment (EMT), a mechanical room for dis-trict heating and a sprinkler room.

Due to the intended use the building is classified as a Business Group B (IBC Chapter 304.1 and

307.1 (412.5)) (NFPA 101, Chapter 38), a Residential Group R-3 (IBC Chapter 310.4) (NFPA Chap-ter 26) and a Low-Hazard Factory Industrial Group F-2 (IBC Chapter 306.3) (NFPA 101 Chapter

40).

The geometric main dimension for the building are:

− max. length: approx. 33.2 m

− max. width: approx. 34.5 m

− gross floor area: approx. 720 m²

A.3.2. Local Situation and Accessibility

The building is single story and divided into two parts, an administrative portion including lodg-ing/rooming and the apparatus bay including repairs and gear storage. The main entrances of the administrative portion are located on the northwest and southwest side of the building whereas the apparatus bay can be entered through doors located at the north and southwest side of the hall. In addition the apparatus bay has three gates, which are not set as the main en-trance into the Vehicle bay and are located two at the north and one at the southwest side of the

Vehicle Bay.

A.3.3. Number and Type of Occupants

The allowable number of occupants is not defined in the pertinent building codes. Restrictions on the maximum number of persons located in the building at the same time are yielded by the width of the escape and emergency exit routes; this topic is dealt with in Section B.1.2.3 Dimen-sioning of Means of Egress.

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A.3.4. Classification

The building has no occupied rooms more than 7 m above the surrounding grounds on average.

Both smoke compartments have no area larger than 400 m2. Therefore, this structure will be categorized as Building Class 2 in accordance with § 2 (2) LBauO.

In compliance with UFC 3-600-01, Section 3-2, the building classification and the resulting fire resistance requirements of the construction, the allowable floor area, building height limita-tions, and building separation distance requirements must comply with the provisions of the In-ternational Building Codes (IBC). Building construction related to egress and safety to life as well as means of egress requirements have to comply with Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) in ac-cordance with UFC 3-600-01, Section 3-3.

Therefore this occupancy is classified according to the US codes as Business Group B in com-pliance with IBC, Section 304.1 respectively New Business Occupancy when applying NFPA 101, Chaper 38.1.1.1, Residential Group R-3 in compliance with IBC, Section 310.3 respectively

Lodging or Rooming Houses when applying NFPA 101, Chapter 26 and Low-hazard Factory In-dustrial Group F-2 in compliance with IBC, section 306.3 respectively Industrial Occupancy when applying NFPA 101, Chapter 40.

On account of the occupancy and the dimension of fire area this building can be classified in ac-cordance with IBC as a building type V B construction, which correlates to NFPA Type V (000).

A.3.5. Safety Objectives

The general objectives concerning life safety and fire protection of buildings are universally de-fined in § 3 (1) LBauO:

Structural units and facilities (…) are to be arranged, erected, modified and maintained in a man-ner which poses no threat or hazard to public safety or order, in addition to them not placing nat-ural basis of life at a risk. This shall apply to a change of its use and its demolition.

Furthermore, in accordance with § 15 (1) LBauO, structural units must be arranged and de-signed so as to prevent the outbreak of a fire and the spreading of fire and smoke and to permit the rescuing of persons and animals in addition to enabling effective extinguishing work to be carried out in the event of a fire.

This fire strategy is a safety-related evaluation of the structural fire protection, the fire protec-tion systems, the organizational fire protection and the fire department operations.

The legal bases for building requirements comprise national laws, ordinances and guidelines and the primary regulations specified by the US Army and the United States Army Corps of En-gineers (USACE) in accordance with the Unified Building Criteria 3-600-01 (UFC), the Interna-tional Building Code (IBC) and the fire protection guidelines of the National Fire Protection As-sociation (NFPA).

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B. EVALUATION

B.1. Structural Fire Protection

The table “Code Compliance Summary Sheet” comparing the general requirements by German and US legal bases (code alignment) and the resulting recommendation of the expert is ap-pended to this fire strategy. The table “Code Compliance Summary Sheet” is part of the fire strategy and attached as annex.

B.1.1. Fire Protection Areas

Fire Areas

For code alignment see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 3.

In accordance with § 30 (2) LBauO expansive buildings have to be subdivided by internal fire break walls in fire areas not exceeding 60m x 40m; greater distances can be permitted if the fire protection is ensured by other means. The building has dimensions of approx. 33.2 m x 34.5 m and therefore meets the aforementioned requirements.

Furthermore, the distance of the building is more than 2.50 m from the property boundary and more than 5.00 m to neighboring buildings, so that no exterior fire wall as building end walls in accordance with § 30 (2) LBauO is required. See Section B.1.3.2 Exterior Walls and B.1.3.6 Fire

Walls.

Nevertheless, UFC 4-730-10 – 3-3.2.3 requires a 1-hr. rated fire wall between lodging/rooming and administrative portions and an apparatus bay. However, UFC 4-730-10 – 3-3.2.3 is being de-viated from, justified by the following reasons:

1. The distance between the lodging/rooming and administrative portion from the appa-ratus bay is approx. 6.00 m (20 ft) and therefore exceeds the minimum requirement of 10 ft according to IBC table 705.5.

2. The hallway connecting lodging/looming and administrative portion of the building to the

Vehicle Bay is made of non-combustible materials and serves only as weather protec-tion.

3. Complete automatic sprinkler system according with UFC 3-600-01 and NFPA 13

Based on the building classification according to Table 506.2 IBC as a Type V B construction the area limitation of the sprinklered building is maximum 3,344.5 m² (36,000 ft²) for Business occu-pancies, 4,830.9 m² (52,000 ft²) for Factory Group F-2 and unlimited for Residential Group R-3.

The present gross area of the building of approximately 720 m² (7,730 ft²), 396 m2 (4,263 ft2) lodging/looming and administrative portion and 322 m2 (3,466 ft2) for the Apparatus Bay, does not exceed the allowable size in accordance with the IBC, UFC and the LBauO. The length of ap-prox. 33.2 m fit the max. length.

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Occupancies / Smoke Compartments

For code alignment see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 5.2

The building has an usable area of approx. 720 m2 and includes bunk and day rooms, a shared kitchen and gym, a supervisor office, telecommunication room and an utility room for house in-stallations. The Vehicle Bay includes the vehicle hall and rooms for repair operations, gear stor-age, medical equipment, a mechanical room for district heat and a sprinkler room.

Rooms with Heightened Risk of Fire

There are no technical rooms with a heightened risk of fire (e.g. mechanical rooms and electri-cal rooms) in this building.

B.1.2. Arrangement of Means of Egress

Primary and Secondary Escape Routes

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 10.1.

Two means of egress to exit are available from every part of an occupied room.

Occupant Load / Capacity of Means of Egress

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 10.3.

The occupant load factor is defined per UFC 3-600-01 - 10-3 and NFPA 101 - Table 7.3.1.2 de-pending on the use of the space:

− Business use: 14 m² / person gross

− Residential use: 18.6 m2 / person gross

− Industrial use (Vehicle Bay): 9.3 m2 / person gross

− Storage use (other than storage, and mercantile occupancies): 46.5 m² / person gross

Dimensioning of Means of Egress

Permissible escape route length

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 10.2.

In accordance with § 34 (2) LBauO at least one exit must be within 35 m from any point in an oc-cupied room.

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Furthermore, the maximum travel distance defined by NFPA 101 – 38.2.6.2 for a sprinklered business occupancy is 91 m (300 ft), the maximum common path distance shall not exceed 30 m

(100 ft) and the dead-end corridors shall not exceed 15 m (50 ft). Because there a no limitations of maximum travel distance, common path length or dead end corridors for lodging/looming oc-cupancies, the limitations proposed by NFPA 101 Chapter 38 for Business occupancies shall ap-ply. Therefore, the lodging/looming and administrative portion of the building shall meet a maximum travel distance of 35 m in accordance with § 34 (2) LBauO as well as maximum Com-mon Path distance of 30 m and a maximum dead-end corridor limitation of 15 m defined by

NFPA 101 38.2.5.3.3 and 38.2.5.2.2 respectively.

The maximum travel distance defined by NFPA 101 – table 40.8.2.6.1 for a sprinklered Vehicle bay is 76 m (250 ft), the maximum common path length shall not exceed 30 m (100 ft) and the dead-end corridor length shall not exceed 15 m (50 ft). Therefore, the Vehicle Bay shall meet a maximum travel distance of 35 m in accordance with § 34 (2) LBauO, a maximum common path length of 30 m (100 ft) and a maximum dead end corridor length of 15 m (50 ft).

Effective width of escape routes

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 10.4.

The effective width of means of egress has to be sufficient for the calculated occupant load. The calculation bases for the capacity are given in the code compliance summary sheet appended to this fire strategy.

The minimum width of means of egress has to be:

− Generally: 91.5 cm

− Doors: 90 cm

In accordance with DIN 18040-1 Table 1 the minimum clear width of doors in accessible routes is 90 cm. To ensure that the clear width requirements of exit doors are maintained doors with minimum 1.01 m width (shell construction dimension) will be provided.

AHJ have to decide, if German worksafety rules apply to the building. According ASR A2.3 the minimum width of means of egress for up to 20 occupants is 1.00 m.

Doors in Means of Egress

Doors in means of egress shall be easy to open in accordance with ASR A2.3 chapter 6 and

NFPA 101 – 7.2.1.4.5.1.

Exit doors and exit access doors may not obstruct or block occupants escape routes or fire de-partment rescue routes, in accordance with ASR A2.3 chapter 4 and NFPA 101 – 7.2.1.1.2.

Doors that must be self-closing may be kept open if they have admissible retention systems

(with a general building inspection test certificate) that lead to automatic closing of the door if affected by smoke. They also must be closable manually, in accordance with NFPA 101 – 7.2.1.8.

No hold-open devices are planned at this time.

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Persons with Disabilities

According to planning, only personnel who are not expected to have mobility restrictions will be present at the building.

In the course of Emergency Egress and Relocation Drills the evacuation of persons with disabil-ities must be exercised as well.

B.1.3. Structural Elements and Construction Materials

Load-bearing Walls

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 4.1 and 4.2.

The load-bearing and bracing components as well as the bearing exterior walls of the building shall have a fire resistance rating of 30 minutes (F30 / REI 30 in accordance with DIN 4102 / DIN

EN 13501) according to § 27 (1) LBauO.

The bearing construction supporting the roof shall be normal-combustible according to the IBC.

Exterior Walls

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, 4.2 and section 7.

Nonbearing exterior walls will be made of normal-combustible materials (B2 according to DIN

4102 / DIN EN 13501) in accordance with the IBC and LBauO. Load bearing walls see section

B.1.3.1.

Floor/Ceiling Assemblies

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 4.3

The floor and ceiling assemblies shall have a fire resistance rating of 30 minutes (F30 / REI 30 in accordance with DIN 4102 / DIN EN 13501) according to § 31 (1) LBauO.

For the requirements on ceilings in connection with partition walls see chapter B.1.3.4 partition walls.

For the requirements on ceilings of rooms with heightened risk of fire see chapter B.1.3.5 pro-tection from hazards.

Partition Walls

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 5.2.

Due to the building being protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler system according to

UFC 3-600-01 and NFPA 13, a smoke partition and associated opening protection (tight and self-closing) shall be provided in lieu of a 1 hour fire barrier for the laundry room according to

UFC 4-730-10 Table 4-28.

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The opening to the laundry room will be protected by a self and tight-closing door having a fire resistance rating of 20 minutes / 1/3 hr which is equivalent to Host Nation standards as a solid door leaf, three-sided rubber sealing in frame and a self-closing device.

The sprinkler room in the Vehicle Bay will be separated by walls with a fire resistance rating of

90 minutes (F90 / REI 90 acc. to DIN 4102 / DIN EN 13501); which correlates to walls with a fire resistance rating of 2 hours acc. to ASTM E119.

For the requirements on partitions of rooms with heightened risk of fire, see chapter B.1.3.5 protection from hazards.

Protection from Hazards

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 5.3.

There are no partition walls for protection from hazards in this project.

Fire Break Walls

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F800, row 3.2 and 3.3.

The UFC 4-730-10 – 3-3.2.3 is being deviated from. Therefore, no fire break walls are present in this project.

The deviation is discussed in greater detail in Chapter B.1.1.1 Fire Areas.

Openings of the hallway connecting the two portions of the building will be protected with tight and smokeproof doors (RS / S200C5).

Roofs

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 9.

According to LBauO roof coverings shall be “hard roofing” – “harte Bedachung” meaning re-sistant against exposure to fire from outside and flying sparks. They shall be class A or B in compliance with UL 790 and NFPA 256 in accordance with UFC 3-600-01 - 15-1.

Stairs

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F800, row 4.5.

No stairs are planned in this project.

Protected Staircases / Exit Enclosures

No exit enclosures are planned in this project.

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Exit Access Corridors

No exit access corridors are planned in this project.

Insulation and Façade

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 7.2 and 9.2

According to UFC 3-600-01 - 8-3.1.1 the insulation of the roof shall have a flame spread (FS) rating not higher than 75 and a smoke developed (SD) rating not higher than 150 in accordance with ASTM E 84 (NFPA 255).

Non-load-bearing parts of exterior walls, including the insulation material and the facade shall be normal-combustible (B2 / C-s3, d0 acc. to DIN 4102 / DIN EN 13501) in accordance with § 28

(2) LBauO.

According to UFC 3-600-01 and IBC, the insulation material of the facade shall have a flame spread (FS) index of 75 or less and smoke-developed (SD) index of 450 or less in accordance with ASTM E 84 (NFPA 255) or UL 723.

Due to the deviation from UFC 4-730-10 3-3.2.3, the hallway shall be made of non combustible materials.

Suspended Ceilings, Interior Finish and Furnishings

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, section 8.

General

Interior wall and ceiling finish materials in the occupancies shall be minimum normal-combus-tible (B2 / E acc. to DIN 4102 / DIN EN 13501) in accordance with § 15 (2) LBauO.

According to NFPA 101 -38.3.3.2.2, 26.3.3.2 and 42.3.3.2 interior wall and ceiling finish materials shall be Class A, B or C and in accordance with ASTM E 84.

Interior floor finish materials in the occupancies shall be normal-combustible and comply with

Section 10.2.7.1 and 10.2.7.2 IBC.

Due to the deviation from UFC 4-730-10 3-3.2.3, the interior floor and ceiling finish of the hall-way shall be made of non combustible materials.

False Floors

No false floors are planned at this point.

If false floors will be provided, requirements set forth in the master guidelines for fire protec-tion requirements on false floors (Muster-Systembödenrichtlinie – MSysBöR), dated September

2005, shall be followed.

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B.1.4. Building Services

Elevators

There are no elevators planned within this project.

Cabling and Pipes

The building installations must be located and constructed in a manner that prevents the occur-rence of fire, the spreading of fire and smoke, enables rescue of persons and animals, and ena-bles efficient extinguishing if there is a fire.

Cabling and pipes that penetrate walls or ceilings with fire-resistance rating have to be sealed possessing the required fire resistance category. The Cabling and Pipes Guideline (LAR) shall be considered. The easing explained in Section 4.3 LAR may be applied for single wires.

Electrical systems shall comply with the German provisions of the DIN VDE (Association of Ger-man Electrical Engineers) provisions as well as the provisions of NFPA 70, the National Electric

Code.

Implementation of cable systems in accordance with VDE is considered to be at least equivalent to the requirements of the National Electrics Code and sufficient for implementation of the building project concerned.

Heating Systems

The building will be connected to the district heat system.

Ventilation Systems

Planning and implementation of venting systems must take into account that these systems are arranged and implemented in accordance with the Ventilation Systems Guideline (LüAR) and

NFPA 90A such that fire and smoke cannot penetrate into other floors or spread through units of use separated by fire protection means.

Ventilation ducts that penetrate walls or ceilings with fire-resistance rating shall be protected with fire dampers providing the required fire resistance rating of the penetrated partition.

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B.2. Fire Protection Systems

B.2.1. Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 12.1and 12.2.

In case of a fire, reliably alerting all individuals within the building must be ensured, regardless of their location. Addressable double-action type manual pull stations are located at each exit door located within 5 feet (1,52m) of the exit door. Alarm notification both audio and visual com-plying with NFPA 72.

The fire alarm system is connected to the U.S. fire department for emergency response and for system monitoring.

Per Client’s requirements, the building shall be equipped with a fire detection system based on

UFC 3-600-01, UFC 3-600-02, DIN VDE 0833, Part 1 and 2 and DIN 14675, DIN EN 54, DIN 14661, DIN 14662 and DIN 14034. In this process, the planner of the system shall consider the local conditions.

B.2.2. Smoke / Heat Detection

Smoke detectors in sleeping rooms and sleeping room access hallways shall be provided. Other areas where exhaust fumes might be present, like the Vehicle Bay, shall not be provided with smoke detectors according to UFC 4-730-10 – 3-6.3.1.2.

B.2.3. CO Detection

The sleeping rooms in the main building shall be provided with CO detection according to UFC

4-730-10 – 3-6.3.1.1. Furthermore, a notification for the CO detection from the fire alarm sys-tem shall be provided.

B.2.4. Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems

Sprinkler System

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 11.1.

According to UFC 4-730-10 – 3-6.3.1 a full wet pipe sprinkler protection complying with NFPA

13 is required for the Satellite Fire Station. In addition to that, the Fire Station will be provided with an automatic fire alarm system using smoke and/or heat detection for early warning. Fur-thermore, the travel distance to exit meets the requirements for Common Path of Travel and the occupants are fully aware and trained to respond to incidents. The design criteria for the sprinkler system can be found in the design analysis sprinkler. The sprinkler room is located in the Vehicle Bay.

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B.2.5. Non-automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems

Standpipe and Hose Systems

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 11.2.

Standpipe and hose systems are not required by code and not planned.

Range top Extinguishing Systems

Residential range top extinguishing systems are not required for buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system according to UFC 3-600-01 4-19.2.

B.2.6. Smoke Vents and Heat Control

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 13.

Smoke Vents and Heat control are not required by code and not planned.

B.2.7. Emergency Power Supply

In the event of a fault with the main power supply system, operation of the following safety sys-tems and equipment must be guaranteed:

− Emergency lighting (HN requirement)

− Fire Alarm system (HN requirement)

− Sprinkler system (required in accordance with NFPA 13, only)

In accordance with NFPA 101 - 7.9.2.2, emergency power supply systems for emergency light-ing must be implemented at least as systems of Type 10, Class 1.5, Level 1 based on NFPA110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems.

In addition to the above listed systems with reference to HN requirements, the following sys-tems in satellite fire stations shall be provided with emergency back-up power, at a minimum according to UFC 4-730-10 3-6.4.2:

- Apparatus bay lighting and doors

- Watch desk/dispatch and all associated equipment

- IT room systems related to the dispatch and communication functions

- HVAC related to IT room support

- Lighting

B.2.8. Emergency Lighting

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 10.5 and 10.6.

The areas from the scope will be equipped with emergency lights according to the following re-quirements:

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Means of egress shall have internally illuminated exit signs in accordance with NFPA 101 - 7.10.

Emergency lights in means of egress and in work and break rooms in accordance with NFPA

101 - 7.9.

Lighting levels shall be in accordance with NFPA 101 and shall be arranged to provide initial il-luminations that is not less than an average of 1 ft.-candle (10.8 lux) and at any point, not less than 0.1 ft.-candle (1.1 Lux), measure along the path of egress at floor level.

The emergency lighting must be connected to a power supply system in accordance with

NFPA 101 - 7.9.2.

B.2.9. Lightning Protection

The building shall be equipped with an external lightning protection system.

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B.3. Organizational Fire Protection

B.3.1. Emergency Plans

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 14.

The Life Safety Code does not define requirements on emergency plans for business occupan-cies.

B.3.2. Emergency Egress and Relocation Drills

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 15.

Emergency egress and relocation drills are not required by code and not planned (< 500 occu-pants as defined by NFPA 101 – 38.7.2).

B.3.3. Portable Fire Extinguishers

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 11.3.

Fire extinguishers with suitable extinguishing agents are required in every business occupancy in accordance with NFPA 101 chapter 38.3.5. Location and sizing shall be in accordance with

NFPA 10.

B.3.4. Inspection of Technical Facilities

In accordance with the HTechAnlV (inspections ordinance) of Rhineland-Palatinate, recurrent tests of technical facilities shall be provided:

Inspector and technical plants/facilities Recurring inspection interval in years

In the building present / intended

Inspection by experts (In accordance with § 3 (1) No. 1-3 HTechAnlV):

Emergency power supply 3 NFPA only

Inspection by specialist (pursuant to § 3 (1) No. 4 HTechAnlV):

Non-automatic fire extinguishing systems 3 -

Electrical locks of doors in means of egress 1 -

Lightning protection devices 5 X

According to NFPA 10:

Portable fire extinguishers 1 X

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Table 2 Inspection of Technical Facilities

The inspections shall be performed before initial commissioning of the building installation and after essential changes of the technical installations or facilities. The building supervisory au-thority may shorten the recurring inspections listed in the table in individual cases if this is re-quired to prevent danger. It may order additional inspections in case of damage or essential de-fects to the building-technology installations or facilities.

The experts must submit a report on the result of the inspection of the user. The user has to submit the report to the building supervisory authority and the structure and approval direc-torate on request.

Inspections are not required if the building-technology installations and facilities are inspected for effectiveness and operational safety based on other legal provisions.

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B.4. Fire Department Operations

B.4.1. Capability of the Fire Department

This building is under direct responsibility of the U.S. Fire Department at Ramstein Air Base /

Vogelweh Housing.

B.4.2. Water Supply

Water Demand

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 16.

The fire water demand according to the German requirements has to be calculated for the wa-ter demand for the fire departments at basis of the data sheet W405 of DVGW.

Therefore, complying with data sheet W405 DVGW, a water demand of 48 m3/h (800 l/min) for 2

hr. is necessary.

The fire water demand is the water flow required for the fire suppression system plus domestic, industrial and interior/exterior hose stream demands and shall be calculated in accordance with UFC 03-600-01 - 2-1.14.

Based on the type V B (000) construction and the fire floor area of 720 m² (7,730 ft²), total area of the building, the fire flow is 1,000 gpm (3,385 L/min: 227 m³/h) for 1 hour according to NFPA 1

Tab. 18.4.4.2.1 and NFPA 1 18.4.4.3.2.

The adequate water volume and water pressure shall be tested by a fire flow test. These results shall be considered and included in the calculation for the water supply.

Water Storage

The building will be connected to the fire water supply on the Air Base.

Hydrants

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 15.

In accordance with UFC 3-600-01 - 9-3.5.8.1 an adequate number of hydrants must be available to supply the volume of water required by the fire hoses, without withdrawing more than

4,740 l/min. from one single hydrant in this process.

Spacing and installation of hydrant systems shall be in accordance with UFC 03-600-01 -

9-3.5.8 and Paper W 331 from DVGW. All parts of the building exterior must be within 350 ft.

(106 m) of a hydrant with consideration given to accessibility and obstructions. Hydrants must be located with consideration given to emergency vehicle access. At least one hydrant must be located within 150 ft. (45 m) of the fire department connection.

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B.4.3. Fire Fighting Water Retention

Fire fighting water retention is not required because a storage of substances hazardous to wa-ter is not given and not planned.

B.4.4. Fire Fighting Plans

This building is under direct responsibility of the U.S. fire department at Ramstein Air Base.

No fire fighting plans are required.

B.4.5. Fire Department Areas

For code alignment, see code compliance summary sheet, appendix F 800, row 18.

In accordance with UFC 3-600-01 – 9-1.1 all facilities greater than 5,000 ft² (465 m²) must have at least one means of all-weather ground access to allow emergency vehicles unimpeded ac-cess to the Facility. All-weather ground access must be paved, start from the road, and termi-nate no farther than 33 feet (10 m) from an exterior door accessible for fire department ingress.

B.4.6. Facilities for the Fire Department

The Fire Alarm Control layout panel will be located at the main entrance of the lodging/looming and administrative portion of the building. Furthermore, other facilities for the Fire Department are located in the existing main building.

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C. DEVIATION AND COMPENSATION MEASURES

UFC 4-730-10 – 3-3.2.3:

According to UFC 4-730-10 – 3-3.2.3 a 1 hr. fire rated wall between rooming and administrative portions of the building and the apparatus bay is necessary. However, the UFC 4-730-10 – 3-

3.2.3 is being deviated from, justified by the following reasons:

1. The distance between the lodging/rooming and administrative portion from the appa-ratus bay is approx. 6.00 m (20 ft) and therefore exceeds the minimum requirement of 10 ft according to IBC table 705.5.

2. The hallway connecting lodging/looming and administrative portion of the building to the

Vehicle Bay is made of non-combustible materials and serves only as weather protec-tion.

3. Complete automatic sprinkler system according with UFC 3-600-01 and NFPA 13

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D. CONCLUDING REMARK

In the opinion of the signatory, no misgivings exist with regard to the planned renovation and subsequent use of the building project “Add / Alter

Bldg. 1058 For Satellite Fire Station 8 Vogelweh Family Housing” at an der Schwarzbach, 66877, Ramstein , Germany, provided the general conditions cited here are observed and main-tained.

The present fire strategy is an asset-related concept for the building project.

A transfer from this complete fire strategy or parts of this fire strategy to other, even similar objects is strictly inadmissible.

Please keep in mind that future changes regarding the building or the occupancies may require a particular reflection of the fire strategy.

This fire strategy is only valid when it is complete and takes the signature. This document may be copied only in its completeness. A publication, also in parts, needs our previous written con-sent.

Document issued by:

KREBS+KIEFER Ingenieure GmbH

Darmstadt, September 25, 2025 ppa. i. A.

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Timo Weidner Dimitrios Zografidis B.Sc.

Authorized Signatory Project Manager

Registered Engineer for Fire Protection IngKH

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E. APPENDIX

E.1. Fire Protection and Life Safety Drawings

Following fire protection and life safety drawings are part of the fire strategy:

Drawing-No. Designation Index / As of

F101 LIFE SAFETY PLAN – FLOOR PLAN

BRANDSCHUTZPLAN - GRUNDRISS

95 % /

25.09.2025

F800 CODE COMPLIANCE SUMMARY SHEET

NORMENABGLEICH BRANDSCHUTZ

95 % /

25.09.2025

F801 CODE COMPLIANCE SUMMARY SHEET GER

NORMENABGLEICH BRANDSCHUTZ DT.

95 % /

25.09.2025

Table 3 Fire protection / life safety drawings and CCSS

The fire protection / life safety drawings present the most important fire protection require-ments for the components with fire protection properties.

E.2. Occupant load and egress capacity calculation

The occupant load shall not be calculated and is instead appended to this Fire Safety Concept.