FA558726Q0003 Contractor Question Answers and Racking Manual.pdf

Contractor Questions

Solicitation FA558726Q0003

727 AMS Cargo Racking

Questions

1. On these drawings, the plan view shows 2 pallets in the depth, and the specification does not stipulate the Pallet sizes i.e., height, width and depth, also there is no mention of weights, could you please forward on this information?

The pallet itself weighs 290lbs and it is 88x108x2. The maximum weight is 10,000lbs.

2. Should the back side be permanent structural bracing, or is non-structural protection sufficient (including impact resistance or deflection limits)?

Permanently bolted.

3. What types of materials or items will be stored on the racks?

On top of a pallet there could be (stacked wood, skids, warehouse assets, office assets, etc)

4. Would it be acceptable to install Anti-Collapse mesh to the rear as opposed to the Cross bracing?

No, I fear this could cause an additional hazard.

5. Regarding the 63 rubberized pads, we would appreciate clarification on their exact placement and the width of the pads.

The placement is dependent on what product you choose to go with. We are looking for something that provides a buffer between the metal and the metal pallet we would be setting on top. They could be as thick as ½ inch.

6. What is the current warranty status and expiry date for the existing shelves and racks?

Warrantee will expire on the 19th May 2026.

7. Upon award, will a site revisit be possible?

Yes, we can coordinate with the company that receives the award to have to come out again for another site visit to confirm measurements etc.

8. Will you provide storage facilities during delivery and installation?

Depending on our operational tempo we would endeavor to be able to allocate some short-term storage space prior to installation.

UTILIZATION AND

MAINTENANCE

MANUAL

CARGO RACK

This document is for guidance purposes only.

Ban-Air Storage Systems cannot be held responsible for any failure of any products not operated by trained personnel in safe working practices and in utilization of the Ban-Air Cargo Rack System.

This document and the information contained within remains exclusively the property of Ban-Air Storage Systems and unauthorized use, reproduction and/or distribution of this information is strictly forbidden without prior written permission.

www.BAN-AIR.com UTILIZATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

01 General safety 04

02 Pallet handling 05

03 Loading procedure 05

04 Unloading procedure 06

05 Plaque/load warning notice 06

06 Inspection & maintenance frequency 07

07 Sketches for Cargo Racking System 08

| 07.1 Component recognition - Example frame using CR-U3465 uprights 08

| 07.2 Component recognition - Example of one bay using CR-U3465 uprights, with ground platform and two platforms 09

| 07.3 Component recognition - Example of a seven bay system using CR-U3465 uprights, with ground platform and two platforms 10

| 07.4 Layout example - elevations of a seven bay complete system 11

08 Main structural issues for inspection 12

| 08.1 Rules for the measurement and classification of impact damage to uprights and bracings 14

|| 08.1.1 Measurement of damage 14

|| 08.1.2 Risk assessment 15

| 08.2 Out of verticality of the uprights 15

|| 08.2.1 Out-of-plumb limit 15

|| 08.2.2 Out-of-straight limit 16

|| 08.2.3 Risk assessment 16

| 08.3 Condition and effectiveness of all components 17

|| 08.3.1 Side bracing component 17

|| 08.3.2 Upright component 17

|| 08.3.3 Base plates 18

| 08.4 Cracks in welds or parent material 18

| 08.5 Condition of the floor of the building 18

| 08.6 Installation instructions 19

| 08.7 Load and information notices are present and up to date 19

| 08.8 Platform and rack overloading 19

|| 08.8.1 Platform overloading & evaluation of damage 19

|| 08.8.2 Rack overloading 21

| 08.9 Stability of the unit loads 21

| 08.10 Dimensions of the unit loads 21

| 08.11 Oxidation of components 22

| 08.12 Damage due to earthquake 22

09 Damage Investigation 22

| 09.1 Typical causes of damage 22 | 09.2 Precautions against damage 23

TABLE OF

CONTENTS

GENERAL SAFETY

The Ban-Air Cargo Rack System is a free-standing braced single-entry rack structure which comprises a series of uprights, cross-aisle bracings and platforms. The system has been designed in a way that a forklift may deposit a 108” Wide x 88” Depth Pallet on any platform of the rack.

The owner shall maintain the structural integrity of the installed rack system by assuring proper operational, housekeeping, and maintenance procedures including, but not limited to the following:

01 Prohibit any overloading of any pallet platform and of the overall Cargo rack system, as indicated on the Ban-Air load signs.

02 Regularly inspect for damage. Sections 6 and 7 from this manual set forth a description of maintenance and damage inspection procedures as well as corresponding actions.

03 Require all pallets to be maintained in good, safe, operating condition.

04 Ensure that pallets are properly laid on the platforms in a properly centered and stable position.

05 Require that all goods stored on each pallet be properly stacked, stable and do not protrude from pallet edges.

06 Ensure that the load is always stored uniformly distributed across the pallet top, using the whole surface. Avoid concentrated or punctual loads.

07 Prohibit double-stacking of any pallet position.

08 It is highly recommended to store heavy items at the lowest practical level and light items at higher levels.

09 Ensure that goods are always prevented from sliding off the pallet by using adequate restraints.

10 Ensure that the height-to-least-width ratio of the palletized products stored does not exceed 2.

11 Ensure that the racks are not modified or rearranged in a manner not within the original design configurations.

12 Require that the pallets are always handled using the forks whole length.

13 Ensure that pallet handling, system loading and unloading procedures, and periodic inspections, as described inside this document, are always met.

Under NO circumstances should any attempt be made to alter the rack structure.

Ban-Air Storage Systems recommends that all personnel operating within a warehouse environment are trained in safe working practices.

All forklift operators should be suitably trained in the operation of the handling equipment.

They should be trained in the use of this type of storage system and have a copy of these guidelines available to them.

Damage will erode the stated design safety factors (safety level) and reduce the load carrying capacity.

If the racking is damaged it should be reported immediately to ensure the necessary precautionary actions are taken.

Repair of damaged rack components is not allowed. Any component no longer fit for use should be replaced on a like for like basis. Never attempt to straighten bent components.

Inspection and damage investigation of the racking system must be done in accordance with all applicable state, federal and local standards and codes.

The load should be stacked centrally on the pallet / within the 108” Wide x 88” Deep pallet and in a stable manner.

Always ensure to spread the load across the pallet top surface in a uniformly distributed manner.

Always make sure there is adequate clearance and that loads do not extend over edges of pallet.

The warehouse should be adequately lit, to permit the safe use of handling equipment and handling of pallets.

Aisles shall be kept free from obstacles.

When picking up the pallet, this must be square to the forks; any misalignment of the pallet on the forks can’t be corrected during the placement sequence and results in badly placed pallets within the system.

The forklift should approach the rack squarely and not at an angle. No attempt should be made to deposit/retrieve pallets when the forklift is not correctly aligned.

� Check that the pallet is the correct size for the installation.

� The forklift driver inserts the forks into the pallet, and picks the pallet up ensuring that it is square and that the forks are evenly spaced within the pallet, supporting its whole depth.

PALLET HANDLING02

LOADING PROCEDURE03

� The forklift drives with the pallet, and approaches the rack squarely aligning itself centered with the desired racking bay. Always drive the pallet with the forks in their lower position just above ground level, while moving the forklift along the aisle.

� Slow down and stop the forklift at the entrance to the bay. Raise the pallet above to the required platform ensuring that the pallet is still centered between uprights and no goods can interfere with an upper platform or ceiling or roof.

� Carefully lower the pallet onto the platform ensuring no contact with sides bracing behind the pallet or contract with the back to back load.

� When the pallet is securely positioned, lower the forks until they are free from the pallet and reverse the forklift carefully out of the bay entrance, previously checking that the aisle is clear.

� When clear of the rack, lower the forks to just above ground level before moving off.

� The forklift approaches the rack squarely and aligns itself centered with the desired racking bay.

� Slow down and stop the forklift at the bay entrance, just in front of the load, and adjust the forks if required before entering the pallet. Raise the forks to the required storage platform ensuring the forklift is still centered between uprights.

� Lift the pallet ensuring that there is no contact between pallet and platform. Check that pallet loads do not interfere with any upper platform or ceiling or roof or back to back load. Slowly reverse the forklift carefully out of the bay entrance, making sure that the way is clear.

� When clear of the rack, lower the forks to the correct travelling position before moving off. Always drive the pallet with the forks in their lower position, just above ground level, while moving the forklift along the aisle.

The owner is responsible for displaying in one or more conspicuous locations a permanent plaque/label(s) showing in clear, legible print the maximum permissible uniformly distributed unit load and the maximum total load per bay of the Cargo Racking System.

Ensure that the Cargo Rack System is not altered so that the plaque/label information is invalidated.

UNLOADING PROCEDURE04

05 PLAQUE/LOAD WARNING NOTICE

DAILY BASIS

This shall be carried out at all times by the operator(s) of the system.

Ensure the correct application and use of equipment. Ensure that the safe working loads are never exceeded. Damaged pallets must not be entered into the system and should be removed as they occur.

Any safety issues or damage to the structure shall be reported to the person responsible for storage equipment, carrying out the risk assessment.

WEEKLY BASIS

The person responsible for storage equipment safety shall ensure that inspections are made at weekly or other regular intervals based on a risk assessment.

BAN-AIR Storage Systems recommends, as a general rule, a weekly basis routine inspection.

However, the frequency and extent of inspections depends on a variety of factors that are particular to the site concerned, and these should suit the operating conditions in the warehouse.

The racking system shall be visually inspected, including any accidental damage and considering the physical emptying of random bays, in order to carry out a more detailed inspection.

For sites governed by European Standards, please refer to standard EN15635 (‘Steel static storage systems - Application and maintenance of storage equipment’) for further details on maintenance and damage inspection procedures. Damage to frame uprights and bracing is classified as either Green, Amber or Red risk. Weekly inspections should be used to check that items already identified as Red Risk have been isolated with the necessary actions taken to rectify the risk. Similarly, Amber risk items should be checked to ensure repairs are underway. See Section 7 within this document for further information.

Make sure that all safe working load signs and plaques and other safety posters are in place and in clear and legible print. A formal written record shall be maintained.

HALF-YEARLY BASIS

Ban-Air Storage Systems recommends a major inspection carried out by a technically competent person experienced in the identification of rack damage and with full knowledge of the Ban-Air Cargo Pallet Rack System. Ban-Air Storage Systems suggests the use of a Ban-Air specialist technician.

This inspection shall comprehensively examine the whole installation, including, but not limited to the following points:

01 Rack levelness

02 Rack out-of-plumb

03 Anchors tightening

04 Fixings (bolts and nuts) tension

05 Cracks in welds

INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE

FREQUENCY

06 Accidental damage

07 Floor condition

08 Components distortion

09 Any alteration of the rack installation

Ban-Air Storage Systems recommends a half a year inspection, however, the frequency and extent of inspections should be according to the different levels of usage and the operating conditions in the warehouse.

This review should also examine the performance of the reporting procedures and that actual repairs are being carried out.

The inspection should be carried out from ground level, unless there are indications of problems that need investigation. Safe access equipment shall be used for gaining access to platforms levels above ground level. Standing or climbing on the racking shall not be allowed.

Ban-Air Cargo Rack System comprises of the following main elements:

Example of a frame using CR-U3465 uprights.

SKETCHES FOR CARGO RACKING

SYSTEM

07.1 COMPONENT RECOGNITION

No. COMPONENTS

1 CR-U3465

2 CR-CB288

3 CR-B118

Ban-Air Cargo Rack System comprises of the following main elements:

Example of one bay using CR-U3465 Uprights with one ground platform and two platforms.

07.2 COMPONENT RECOGNITION

No. COMPONENTS

1 CR-U3465

2 CR-CB288

3 CR-B118

4 CR-CB2988

5 CR-CFE2256

6 CRFP

Example using CR-U3465 Uprights with one ground platform and two platforms installed as per a seven bay complete system.

07.3 COMPONENT EXAMPLE

Example elevations of a seven bay complete system with one ground platform and two platforms.

07.4 LAYOUT EXAMPLE

MAIN STRUCTURAL ISSUES FOR

INSPECTION08

The racking system shall be checked regularly for safety and specifically for any damage that has occurred. Records shall be maintained of all damage or other safety problems encountered and evaluations carried out as part of a damage reduction procedure.

The following shall be the main structural issues for inspection:

01 Impact damage to any part of the structure, particularly upright and bracing damage.

02 Out of verticality of the uprights.

03 Condition and effectiveness of all components.

04 Cracks in welds or parent material.

05 Condition of the floor of the building.

06 Rack is built in accordance with installation instructions.

07 Load and information notices are present and up to date.

08 No storage positions are overloaded.

09 Stability of the unit loads is satisfactory.

10 Dimensions of the unit loads are satisfactory.

11 Oxidation of components.

12 Damage due to earthquake.

Example Elevations of a Seven Bay Complete System

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

6' [1

9]

11" [275]

11" [275]

7' -1

0" [2

9]

10'-5" [3178]

10'-5" [3178]

10'-5" [3178]

10'-5" [3178]

10'-5" [3178]

73'-8" [22465]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

9" [220]

11'-5" [3475]

6' [1829]

TRI-WALL 36" H

TRI-WALL 44" H

11'-5" [3475]

11'-6" [3495]

FRONT ELEVATION END ELEVATION

PLAN

3'-3" [1000]

3'-3" [1000]

3'-3" [1000]

3'-3" [1000]

9'-10" [3000]

4'-11" [1488]

8" [194]

8" [194]

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H TRI-WALL 36" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

8'-8" [2629]

10'-5" [3178]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

TRI-WALL 36" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 36" H

10'-5" [3178]

9'-8" [2958]

9" [220]

TRI-WALL 36" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 44" H TRI-WALL 44" H

TRI-WALL 36" H

Repair of damaged rack components is not recommended. Any component no longer fit for use should be replaced. Never apply heat in an attempt to straighten bent components.

Damaged components should be replaced rather than repaired as effective quality control is difficult on cold formed materials.

RISK ASSESSMENT LEVELS

DAMAGE REQUIRING

SURVEILLANCE ONLY

This would indicate components of the rack system where some damage is present but is considered non-critical. Such damaged components should be recorded as suitable for further service until the next management inspection, but clearly identified for further re-examination at future inspections.

HAZARDOUS DAMAGE

REQUIRING ACTION AS

SOON AS POSSIBLE

This would identify an area where the damage is sufficiently severe to warrant remedial work but not so severe as to warrant the immediate off-loading of the rack. Once the load is removed from a damaged component, the component shall not be reloaded until repairs have been carried out.

The user shall have a method of isolating such racks to ensure that they do not come back into use until the necessary repairs have been carried out and the equipment certified as safe. For example, use could be made of dated adhesive labels, which indicate racks that are not to be reloaded until rectified.

Any racking with AMBER RISK category damage should be re-designated RED RISK damage if remedial work has not been carried out within four weeks of the original designation.

VERY SERIOUS DAMAGE

REQUIRING IMMEDIATE

ACTION

These are situations where a critical level of damage is identified, which warrants an area of racking being immediately off-loaded and isolated from future use until repair work is carried out. Such repair work would usually be by replacement of the damaged item.

User shall have a method of isolating areas to ensure that they do not come back into use prior to the repair work being carried out. For example, a particular bay could be off-loaded in the presence of the inspector and roped off to prevent further use.

All damage to racking should be subjected to an objective appraisal of its danger and potential for collapse by the person responsible for storage equipment safety as soon as possible after the damage is discovered. Appropriate action shall be initiated using the following flow chart for guidance.

GREEN AMBER RED

RED RISK AMBER RISK

by the damage are not reloaded after the goods are removed

4. Make repairs as soon as possible

Immediately off-load all affected bays of racking and repair damage before re-use

The necessary repairs or replacement of all damaged parts are correctly carried out

Return to service

If repairs are not carried out within 4 weeks or if the severity of the damage has increased

If the severity of damage has increased

The necessary repairs or replacement of all damaged parts are correctly carried out

Return to service

If there is no change continue to monitor at normal inspection levels and intervals

Continue in service

Record the extent and re-assess at next inspection which shall take place within as 12 month period

Rack is damaged

GREEN RISK

The rack inspector or person responsible for storage equipment safety will assess the damage and classify it in accordance with CEN code requirements.

Inspection procedure for damage classification.

08.1 RULES FOR THE MEASUREMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF

IMPACT DAMAGE TO UPRIGHTS AND BRACINGS

08.1.1 MEASUREMENT OF DAMAGE

European Standard EN15635 quantifies damage to frame uprights and bracing as either Green, Amber or Red risk. The measurement rules apply only to damage that produces an overall bend in a component. They do not apply to highly localized damage such as dents, buckles, tears and splits. Bends are judged against a 1000 mm straight edge. Localized bends over a shorter length should be judged pro-rata, i.e. over a half metre length half the limit applies. Members subjected to tears and splits should always be replaced.

Measurement of damage shall be carried out as stated below:

01 A 1000mm steel straight edge is placed against the flat surface on the concave side of the damaged component such that the damaged area lies equidistant from both ends.

02 For an upright bent in the down-aisle direction, the maximum gap between the upright and straight edge should not exceed 5mm.

03 For an upright bent in the direction of the frame bracing, the maximum gap should not exceed 3mm.

04 For an upright that has been damaged in both directions, the damage shall be measured and treated separately and the appropriate limits observed.

05 For bracing members bent in either plane, the maximum gap should not exceed 10mm.

Pro-rata for bracing members less than 1000mm long.

Measurement of Damage

A

B B

KEY (diamensions in millimetres) a gauge length 1000 b half the gauge length

Elevations showing method of damage measurement for Ban-Air Pallet Rack upright and bracing sections

08.1.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

08.2 OUT OF VERTICALITY OF THE UPRIGHTS

08.2.1 OUT-OF-PLUMB LIMIT

Risk assessment shall be carried out as follows:

Damage to frames and bracing in which the limits illustrated in this section are not exceeded.

Damage to frames in which the limits illustrated in this section are exceeded by up to a factor of two.

Damage to frames in which the limits illustrated in this section exceed a factor greater than two.

The out of verticality of the rack system under load shall not exceed the specified limits provided below, both along the aisle and across the aisle directions. Any displacement in excess of this level shall be referred to BAN-AIR Storage Systems. Columns whose out-ofplumb or out-of-straight ratios exceed this limit should be immediately unloaded and replumbed.

The out-of-plumb ratio is defined as the maximum horizontal distance (D) from the centreline of the column at the floor to a plumb line that extends downward from the centerline of the column at the top shelf elevation divided by the vertical distance from the floor to the top shelf elevation (H).

For sites governed by European Standards, the maximum out-of-plumb ratio (D) shall be taken as H/200.

For sites governed by North American Standards, the maximum out-of-plumb ratio (D) shall be taken as H/240.

GREEN

AMBER

RED

D

H

Out-of-Plumb Measurement - 609W

D

H

Out-of-plumb in cross aisle direction

08.2.2 OUT-OF-STRAIGHT LIMIT

The out-of-straight ratio is defined as the maximum horizontal distance (d) from the centerline at any point on the column to a plumb line from any other point on the column divided by the vertical distance between the two points (h).

The out-of-straight limit is given to prevent excessive “bows” or “dogleg” conditions that may exist in a rack column. A column could be plumb from top to bottom but have an unacceptable bow at mid-height, as shows Figure (1) below. In a column, the entire out-of plumb could be concentrated in a certain height, for example between the floor and the first level from the bottom, so that it would be acceptable using a simple top-to-bottom out-of plumb measurement but it may exceed the out-of-straight limit (see Figure 2).

The column also could have a sine wave shape and be out-of-straight as shown in Figure 3.

For sites governed by European Standards, the maximum out-of-straight ratio shall be taken as H/200.

For sites governed by North American Standards, the maximum out-of-straight ratio shall be taken as H/240.

H

D

(1)

H

D

(2)

H D

(3)

Out-of-Straight Measurement

Out-of-straight measurement

08.2.3 RISK ASSESSMENT

Uprights whose out-of-plumb and out-of-straight ratios do not exceed the limits stated in this section.

Uprights whose out-of-plumb or out-of-straight ratios exceed the limits stated in this section.

GREEN

RED

Due to impacts, temperature changes or movement of the rack over a period, the upright can become loose.

If there is no damage in either the hole or the fixing, ensure that the rack is level and plumb and re-adjust the splice and tighten the fixing.

If there is damage in the hole or the fixing, replacement of the damaged splice and fixings is recommended.

08.3 CONDITION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF ALL COMPONENTS

08.3.1 SIDE BRACING COMPONENTS

Due to slight impacts, temperature changes or movement of the rack over a period, the bracing components can become loose.

If there is no damage in the hole, the brace and the fixing, ensure that the rack is level and plumb and re-adjust the brace and tighten the fixing.

If the brace or the fixing holes on it are badly damaged (tearing of the holes or other damage due to pallet placement such as a permanent kink in the brace), the damaged brace shall be replaced.

If the upright holes are badly damaged, the damaged upright shall be replaced.

Severe bending of the bracing brackets requires replacement of the bracing component.

If damage of fixings occurs by shearing, the fixings shall be immediately replaced.

exceed a factor greater than two.

AMBER

AMBER

RED

08.3.2 UPRIGHT

Holes, cracks or other moderate damage on the floor surface which can affect the normal movement of personnel, forklifts or other lifting equipment within the area where the rack is installed.

Increase in floor deformations caused by consolidation and settlement of the ground under the slab under load. It should be noted that storage equipment may become unsafe with quite small deformations of its floor foundation.

Severe damage on the floor slab which affects to rack stability such as important cracks or deformations or damages suffered during an earthquake.

If floor anchors are loose, retighten the anchor bolts until the recommended torque value as specified in the Ban-Air Installation Manual.

Base plates affected by moderate permanent deformation (such as permanently bent) should be replaced on a like for like basis.

If any of the floor fixings is missing or damaged, the anchor bolt shall be replaced.

Excessively protruding anchor bolts out of the floor slab should also be replaced due to the fact that minimum embedment depth as per the manufacturers’ specifications should be ensured.

Base plates badly damaged with tears or splits should be replaced.

AMBER

AMBER

RED

RED

08.3.3 BASE PLATES

08.5 CONDITION OF THE FLOOR OF THE BUILDING

If any crack, tear or split is observed at any welded connection or part of the rack, the affected part shall be immediately unloaded and expert advice sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

08.4 CRACKS IN WELDS OR PARENT MATERIAL

Always ensure that the racks are not modified or rearranged in a manner not within the original design configurations. If modifications are encountered expert advice should be sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

If any of the components of the rack system is missing, the damage should be classified as RED risk damage. Full details regarding the different parts of the Cargo Rack System and their connections are given in the Ban-Air Installation Manual. Expert advice should be sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

The presence of the necessary bolts and nuts shall be checked during inspection of the platform beam connections to uprights;

any missing fixing shall be immediately replaced.

RED

08.6 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

Make sure that all safe working load signs and plaques and other safety posters are in place and in clear and legible print.

If any mark is not present, the damage should be designated as AMBER risk damage provided that all lifting equipment operators are familiarized with the warehouse specific racking system and trained.

If any mark is not present and it can not be ensured that all lifting equipment operators are familiarized with the warehouse specific racking system and trained.

AMBER

RED

08.7 LOAD AND INFORMATION NOTICES ARE PRESENT AND UP TO DATE

08.8 PLATFORM AND RACK OVERLOADING

08.8.1 PLATFORM OVERLOADING AND EVALUATION OF DAMAGE

A platform shall be deemed overloaded if clear permanent deformation has occurred on its front or rear beams (as shown on the figure below).

Permanent (inelastic) deformation is caused by overloading or impact. Residual vertical deformation, caused by accidental overloading, shall not exceed 20% of normal deflection under full working load.

Platforms showing greater residual deformation shall be unloaded and expert advice sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

For sites governed by European Standards, the maximum deflection limit (D) for shelves shall be taken as L/200 (15mm).

For sites governed by North American Standards, the maximum deflection limit (D) for shelves shall be taken as L/180 (16.66mm).

L is the span between uprights and D the mid span deflection of the platform under load.

Example of a standard platform beam

Residual lateral deformation, caused by accidental side loads or twisting under overload conditions, shall be measured at the top edge or the bottom edge of a platform beam and shall not exceed 50% of the normal vertical deflection under full working load. Beams showing greater residual deformation shall be unloaded and expert advice sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

For sites governed by European Standards, the maximum lateral deformation limit for beams shall be taken as L/400 (7.5mm).

For sites governed by North American Standards, the maximum lateral deformation limit for beams shall be taken as L/360 (8.33mm).

Platform beam end fixings that show any clearly visible deformation shall be unloaded and expert advice sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

Welded connections between beam sections and end plates shall show no signs of cracking.

Beams of plates showing signs of cracking shall be unloaded and expert advice sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

Platform span and mid-span deflection

Platform Overloading - 609W

D

L

Rack overloading can cause, among others, local yielding of the uprights. If this occurs, the rack should be immediately unloaded and the upright should be replaced.

Platforms whose maximum deflection at mid-span does not exceed the limits stated in this section.

Platforms beams whose maximum lateral deformation limit does not exceed the limits stated in this section.

Platforms whose maximum deflection at mid-span does exceed the limits stated in this section.

Platforms beams whose maximum lateral deformation limit does exceed the limits stated in this section.

Platform beam end fixings showing clearly visible deformation.

Welded connections between beam sections and end plates showing signs of cracking.

GREEN

RED

RED

08.8.2 RACK OVERLOADING

08.9 STABILITY OF THE UNIT LOADS

Pallet loads should be placed as centered and well-balanced as possible in the pallet. It always should be ensured that goods are in a stable position. Otherwise, goods may spill or topple off.

Ban-Air Storage Systems recommends pallet loads to be secured by such means as banding or stretch-wrapping. Merchandise blocking enables operators to safely and efficiently move merchandise. It also reduces the likelihood of individual merchandise falling off the pallets and/or off the racks and into the aisles.

The height-to-least-width ratio of the palletized products stored exceeds 2.

The width or depth dimensions of the stored goods exceed the pallet dimensions, but the minimum clearances limits are satisfied.

The width or depth dimensions of the stored goods exceed the pallet dimensions, minimum clearances limits being not satisfied.

AMBER

08.10 DIMENSIONS OF THE UNIT LOADS

08.11 OXIDATION OF COMPONENTS

The corrosivity risk depends on the environmental conditions to which the rack is subjected.

The lowest corrosivity risk corresponds to racks in interior environments with clean atmospheres.

The risk increases, among others, with pollution, condensation, industrial atmospheres, humidity and proximity to the sea.

Local oxidation of any component where the total steel loss is less than 100μm in thickness.

Overall oxidation of any component where the total steel loss is less than 100μm in thickness.

Local or overall oxidation of any component where the total steel loss exceeds 100μm in thickness.

GREEN

AMBER

RED

After a seismic event the control of the integrity of all the racking structure is mandatory before prosecute with usage. Immediately following a damaging earthquake, local jurisdictions should conduct safety evaluations of the racking system in the damaged areas. Expert advice shall be sought from Ban-Air Storage Systems.

RED

08.12 DAMAGE DUE TO EARTHQUAKE

Any damage shall result in an investigation of the potential causes of the problem with the intention of reducing or eliminating the possibility of the problem and the damage reoccurring.

Appropriate actions shall be taken accordingly.

09 DAMAGE INVESTIGATION

09.1 TYPICAL CAUSES OF DAMAGE

The following are some typical causes of damage:

� Handling equipment: Poor or not appropriately maintained equipment or a change in the type and size of handling equipment.

� The pallet: Damaged pallets, changes to the original type of pallet use, load overhang affecting operational clearances, change in the size of the stored products.

� Staff: Inexperienced or not appropriately trained staff, not familiar with the correct operating procedures, working to high throughput quotas.

� Faulty forklift operation.

� Poor housekeeping: Unstable loads on pallets, spilt goods, obstructions within the aisle, poor lighting, floor inadequacies, too small clearances, damaged load make up accessories, overhanging load on load make up accessories.

09.2 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DAMAGE

The following factors can contribute to reduce the risk of damage to the racking system:

� Good installation layout design: Provision of adequate operating aisle widths and appropriated operating clearances.

Good management: Operational procedures, training of warehouse staff (instruction on the correct use of the racking, safety aspects).

� Good housekeeping: Inspection and rejection of damaged pallets, avoid unstable loads on pallets, clearly define aisles and stacking areas, maintenance of equipment and warehouse floor, adequate lighting.

� Provision of rack protection: Guards for individual uprights are intended as sacrificial protection that needs to be replaced once damaged and ineffective.

Deviations from these limitations may impair the safety of the rack installation.

If in doubt, always contact BANAIR® Storage Systems.

Contact us by email: sales@ban-air.com