Attachment 5 - 501 CSW BASH Plan.pdf

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

501st COMBAT SUPPORT WING (USAFE)

501 CSW PLAN 91-212

BIRD/WILDLIFE AIRCRAFT STRIKE

HAZARD PLAN

August 2020

OPR: 501 CSW/SEF

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(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)

501 CSW (USAFE)

APO AE 09470

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS

1. The long title of this plan is 501st Combat Support Wing Plan 91-212, Bird/Wildlife

Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Plan. The short title is 501 CSW BASH Plan. Both titles are unclassified.

2. This document is “FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY” (FOUO).

3. Reproduction of this plan in whole or in part is authorized as required for planning and operational purposes. It is releasable to the bird control contractor (BCC) for purposes of planning and responsibilities awareness.

4. All changes should be posted as they are received and recorded below.

RECORD OF CHANGES

CHANGE NUMBER

COPY NUMBER

DATE ENTERED

POSTED BY

RECORD OF ANNUAL REVIEW

DATE

GRADE/RANK

NAME

COMMENTS

1032754453C Highlight

PLAN SUMMARY

1. PURPOSE. This plan contains procedures to work within United Kingdom (UK) environmental and agricultural laws to reduce the number and severity of wildlife strikes on or near RAF Fairford, and establishes a Wildlife Exclusion Zone (WEZ) and Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) to minimize the hazards.

2. CONDITIONS FOR EXECUTION. This plan is based on hazards from indigenous bird populations, seasonal bird migrations and other identified wildlife hazards. Implementations of specific portions of the plan are continuous, while other portions require implementation as necessitated by bird and wildlife activity.

3. OPERATIONS TO BE CONDUCTED.

a. Actions to eliminate/reduce environmental factors which attract wildlife to the airfield, to include a Long Grass Management Program (see Appendix 1 to Annex W).

b. Active wildlife control dispersal techniques to minimize hazards associated with bird strikes and other wildlife to include birds nesting, flying through, loafing on, feeding on, or soaring over and migrating within the confines of RAF Fairford. When necessary depredation may be used.

c. Formation of a Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG).

d. Procedures for reporting hazardous wildlife activity, warning aircrew, and restricting flight operations.

4. KEY ASSUMPTION. Airfield Management and Tower personnel will direct and coordinate operations of the BCC.

5. OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS. Aircraft may be delayed while the airfield is being cleared of wildlife. Aircraft operations may be restricted during Bird Watch Condition (BWC) MODERATE and SEVERE.

6. TIME TO COMMENCE EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS.

a. Normal BCC work hours. During steady state operations the BCC shall perform the required services during normal duty hours of 0600 - 1800, Monday through Friday. The start time may be changed at the discretion of the Airfield Manager or designated representative. U.S. and UK holidays are observed unless service is required.

(1) On flying days, BCC must commence performing bird control services one hour before the first scheduled aircraft arrival or departure. BCC will continue to provide services until the last aircraft scheduled to arrive or depart has done so and remain available one hour after the last departure, or as directed by the Airfield Manager or designated representative.

b. Work outside of normal work hours and during contingencies/emergencies. BCC must provide contract services outside the normal work hours upon the request of the Airfield Manager or designated representative. During exercises, contingencies, or flying operations, such services will commence one hour before the scheduled arrival/departure of aircraft and will continue until flying has ceased or at the discretion of the Airfield Manager or designated representative. BCC will be notified at least one hour in advance of the requirement for work.

c. BCC will contact the Airfield Manager or designated representative by 1600 hours each day to determine the hours of services that will be required for the following day.

7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES/RELATIONSHIPS.

a. Overall responsibility for this plan rests with 501 CSW/SE.

b. This plan applies to all personnel and flying units permanently assigned, temporarily deployed for real-world operations, exercises, or transient to RAF Fairford.

c. Deployed flying units or organizations, regardless of MAJCOM, are responsible for developing BASH procedures to comply with this plan or their parent MAJCOM policy, whichever is more restrictive.

d. 501 CSW/CC is the approval authority for this plan and any changes.

8. LOGISTIC APPRAISAL. This plan is logistically feasible.

9. PERSONNEL APPRAISAL. 501 CSW has sufficient manning and resources to meet the requirements of this plan.

10. CONSOLIDATED LISTING OF SHORTFALLS AND LIMITING FACTORS.

a. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)(UK). DEFRA appoints

Natural England, an executive non-departmental advisory board, to oversee the protection of the UK’s wildlife and natural resources. Natural England has the authority to designate a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in certain areas of the UK to protect and study certain wildlife species. Some of these areas includes areas around RAF Fairford. Defence Infrastructure Organization (DIO) and the Ministry of Defence (MOD) work closely with Natural England to ensure these, and other protected areas and species, have minimal impact to flight operations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS

PLAN SUMMARY

BASIC PLAN

ANNEX A - TASKED ORGANIZATIONS

ANNEX B - ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

ANNEX C - OPERATIONS

APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX C - BIRD STRIKE HAZARDS

APPENDIX 2 TO ANNEX C - LOW LEVEL FLIGHT CONSIDERATIONS

ANNEX W - CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX W - LONG GRASS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .. 3737

ANNEX Y - REPORTS

ANNEX Z - DISTRIBUTION

BASIC PLAN

REFERENCES: AFI 11-202v3, General Flight Rules

AFI 13-204v3, Airfield Operations Procedures and Programs AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program AFI 91-202, USAFE SUP 1, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program AFI 91-204, Safety Investigations and Reports AFI 91-212, Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Management Program AFMAN 91-223, Aviation Safety Investigations and Reports 420 ABS OI 13-204, Air Traffic Control, Airfield Operations and Local Flying Procedures UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design Military Aviation Authority Manual of Aerodrome Design and Safeguarding MOD Technical Bulletin 97/34, Grounds Maintenance, Long-Grass Management on MOD (RAF) Aerodromes Civil Aviation Publication 772, Wildlife Hazard Management at Aerodromes USAF Contract, Bird Control Services Grounds Maintenance Contract Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Rural Development Service Technical Advice Note 13 Final Governing Standards for the United Kingdom (FGS-UK)

1. MISSION.

a. Provide policy and guidance, and establish responsibilities and procedures to implement an effective BASH Program that will diminish the potential for wildlife strikes during the launch and recovery of aircraft at RAF Fairford.

2. SITUATION.

a. General.

(1) Wildlife strikes contribute to many fatal aircraft accidents. A bird ingested into an engine can cause extensive damage and great expense. According to the Air Force Safety Center’s BASH database, 94% (± 3) of all strikes occur below 6,000 feet and account for more than $236 million dollars in property damage.

(2) A bird aircraft strike hazard exists at RAF Fairford and in the local area due to MEDIUM to HIGH bird concentrations (see Figure 1). The local area provides an inviting habitat for birds due to many nearby waterbodies, local farmland, local gravel extraction sites, landfill sites and wooded areas. During the autumn and winter, large concentrations of birds transit local airspace between more than 150 lakes located over 40 square miles in the vicinity of RAF Fairford.

Figure 1. Bird Concentration Areas, RAF Fairford

(3) Waterbodies surround RAF Fairford and pose a significant hazard due to the high concentrations of birds they attract and the location situated along the approach and departure corridor of Runway 09/27 (see Figure 2). These waterbodies include;

Cotswold Water Park (East and West), Horcott Quarry, Kempsford Quarry, Manor Farm Quarry, Horseshoe Lake, Down Ampney and the base lake.

Figure 2. Local Waterbodies

(4) Safeguarding Ministry of Defence (MOD) Property.

(a) Planning decisions in the UK are the responsibility of local or central government, or appointed bodies. Aviation interests, and hence the MOD, have no specific power to override a planning decision. However, the MOD may offer advice to the planning authority such that aviation safety or their operational directives may be taken into consideration. Defence Infrastructure Organization (DIO) Safeguarding and the RAF Commander are the primary MOD agencies that act on behalf of the MOD and the airfield to prevent bird-attracting features outside the airfield.

(b) Under the terms of the Town and Country Planning (Aerodromes) Direction 1992 for England and Wales and the Town and Country Planning (Aerodromes) (Scotland) Direction 1992, the Ministry of Defence safeguards military aerodromes against future developments which might prejudice their actual or potential use for aviation purposes. The MOD publishes an official safeguarding map which is issued to County and Local Planning Authorities and to certain other bodies. MOD aerodromes are also issued with copies of the map, through the MOD specialists.

(c) Planning authorities are statutorily required to consult the MOD about planning applications they receive for development within a 13km radius of MOD aerodromes, which could be a major source of attraction to birds. These developments include quarrying, refuse tips, reservoirs, sewage disposal works, nature reserves, bird sanctuaries or any similar source that is attractive to birds and should be assessed individually or as part of a cumulative process against the potential to become bird attractants and increase the bird strike risk at a nearby aerodrome.

b. Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG). BHWG identifies methods to reduce hazards and recommends changes in operational procedures, and reviews bird strike and other data IAW AFI 91-202 and AFI 91-212.

(1) Composition. 501 CSW/CV will chair the BHWG meetings. As a minimum, the

BHWG will consist of: 422 ABG/CC, 420 ABS/CC, RAF/CC, 501 CSW/SEF, 420 ABS/OSO (Airfield Management), 420 ABS/OS (Operations Support Flight), 420 ABS/OSA (Control Tower), 420 ABS/CEI (Environmental Management), 420 ABS/CE, Judge Advocate, Public Affairs, Security Forces, Services, BCC, DIO and flying tenant units. Others may also attend as requested by the chair.

(2) Meeting Schedule. The BHWG shall meet at least semi-annually. Additional meetings may be scheduled as required, or at the request of the chair. The BHWG may meet in conjunction with the Air Operations Board (AOB), or separately, as required. Meeting minutes will be recorded by SE, circulated to the members for coordination, approved by the chair and published on the SE SharePoint.

(3) Meeting Agenda. BHWG meeting agenda will be developed by 501 CSW/SEF.

Meeting agenda topics may be suggested by members of the BHWG and may be developed by extracting items recommended in AFI 91-212.

(4) Responsibilities. The BHWG will guide the overall BASH effort and should work together as a team to provide effective and efficient BASH control. The chair of the BHWG will ensure adequate resources are allocated to the active and passive BASH efforts to effectively manage and control wildlife activity.

c. On-Base Hazards (RAF Fairford).

(1) Loafing and Feeding Birds. Many species of birds can be found at or around the airfield, e.g., lapwings, rooks, crows, gulls, geese, ducks and starlings. The grassy areas on the airfield provide an abundant food source and the pavements provide an area attractive for loafing and feeding in wet weather.

(a) Gulls commute daily +/- 1 hour of sunrise/sunset to feed on invertebrates washed onto the airfield surfaces in wet weather. When not feeding, flocks spend long periods loafing on the numerous open and undisturbed pavements areas on the airfield.

(2) Waterbodies and Drainage: Small drainage channels located within the airfield environment and the base lake.

(3) Protected Animal Species.

(a) Badgers. Under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992 it is an offense to willfully kill, injure or take a badger (or attempt to do so), cruelly ill-treat a badger, dig for a badger, intentionally or recklessly damage or destroy a badger sett, or obstruct access to it, cause a dog to enter a badger sett, disturb a badger when it is occupying a sett. No attempt to take these actions will be made without a license to do so from Natural England.

(b) Great Crested Newt. Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 it is an offense to capture, kill, disturb or injure this species deliberately or disturb their eggs, breeding sites and resting places. No attempt to take these actions will be made without a license to do so from Natural England.

d. Off-Base Hazards (vicinity of RAF Fairford).

(1) Waterbodies. There is a spreading population of Graylag and Canada geese in the vicinity of RAF Fairford due to the Cotswold Water Park and numerous waterbodies which have resulted from extensive quarrying in the area surrounding the airfield.

Also, various species of gulls, ducks, swans and various other water birds reside on or transit these lakes. Flight paths of these birds has evolved over the years to directly crossing the approach and departure paths of both runway directions between the various wetlands in the local area and the agricultural fields where they feed (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. Water Bird Flight Path

(2) Farmland and Woods. Numerous bird species, especially pigeons, can be found in the wooded farmland surrounding RAF Fairford, feeding on crops and weeds. These birds visit the airfield when weeds are flowering and seeding.

(3) Roosts and Rookeries. Numerous roosting locations for Rooks and Jackdaws exist outside the perimeter of RAF Fairford. The rook population in the area numbers in the thousands and is impossible to control through depredation.

(4) Landfill sites. The nearest sites are in Purton (5 nautical miles) and Faringdon (10 nautical miles).

3. EXECUTION.

a. Concept of Operations. Exercise wildlife control procedures prior to the first launch and recovery through the last launch and recovery each day, and whenever wildlife presence, flocking or congregating is reported, particularly in the WEZ. BCC has primary wildlife control responsibility in accordance with the Bird Control Services contract Performance Work Statement.

b. Roles and Responsibilities.

(1) Commander, 501st Combat Support Wing (501 CSW/CC) will:

(a) Be the approval authority for this plan.

(b) Ensure this plan is executed as written, and is compliant with appropriate guidance, namely AFIs 91-202 and 91-212.

(2) Vice Wing Commander, 501st Combat Support Wing (501 CSW/CV) will:

(a) Chair the semi-annual Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG).

(b) Ensure adequate resources are allocated to the active and passive BASH efforts to effectively manage and control the bird activity.

(3) Group Commander, 422d Air Base Group (422 ABG/CC) will:

(a) Define restrictive guidance for aircrews during specific airfield bird/wildlife conditions to limit exposure to wildlife hazards.

(b) Due to the geographically separated structure of the wing, the enforcement authority is delegated to the 420 ABS/OS, Airfield Management. During flight operations, the Supervisor of Flying (SOF), if assigned, declares the BWC.

(4) Flight Safety Manager, 501st Combat Support Wing (501 CSW/SEF) will:

(a) Report and investigate bird strikes IAW AFI 91-212 and AFMAN 91-223.

(b) Conduct inspections to ensure appropriate safety directives pertaining to the storage of explosives used for bird dispersal are strictly followed.

(c) Ensure safe operation of firearms and bird scaring equipment by the BCC.

(d) Designate Phase I and Phase II periods of wildlife activity IAW AFI 91-212.

(e) Organize, establish an agenda and disseminate meeting minutes for the semi-annual Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG).

(f) Disseminate BASH information and reporting procedures to flying units.

(5) RAF Commander (RAF/CC) will:

(a) Coordinate with DIO, civil authorities, quarry operators and local landowners to help safeguard RAF Fairford from off base development that may cause increased local wildlife populations.

(b) Communicate to the appropriate base agencies issues that affect safety of flight, or flight operations generally. If required, and appropriate, collect concerns from the appropriate base agencies, including BCC, and forward them to the agencies outlined in (5)(a) above for further disposition.

(6) Commander, 420th Air Base Squadron (422 ABS/CC) will:

(a) Coordinate the efforts of the Bird Hazard Working Group (BHWG) to effectively manage the bird/wildlife habitat.

(7) Base Civil Engineer, 420th Air Base Squadron (420 ABS/CE) will:

(a) Request funding into the Planning, Programming and Budget process to maintain an effective airfield Long Grass Management Program IAW Appendix 1 to Annex W of this plan.

(b) Maintain an installation environment that does not attract birds by eliminating areas of standing water, controlling waste, proofing facilities to deny bird access and removing vegetation that attracts birds to roost, feed, or breed.

(8) Airfield Manager, 420th Air Base Squadron (420 ABS/OSO) will:

(a) Monitor bird hazard levels on or near the airfield, declare the BWC and notify Air Traffic Control and other affected agencies of changes to the

BWC.

(b) Dispatch bird control personnel to the location of any birds or other wildlife creating a hazard on the airfield and report any bird/wildlife strike to 501 CSW/SEF.

(c) Ensure the wildlife control contract meets the needs of the flying operations requirements, and ensures the BCC remains current.

(9) Control Tower, 420th Air Base Squadron (420 ABS/OSA) will:

(a) Assist in monitoring bird activity on the airfield, notify the BCC and Airfield Management when bird activity is observed on the airfield and issue bird advisories in accordance with FAA Order 7110.65.

(b) Disseminate Bird Watch Condition and changes to aircrews under Control Tower control and to RAF Brize Norton Radar.

(c) Provide Airfield Management or BCC priority access to the runway environment during increased bird activity.

(10) Bird Control Contractor (BCC)

(a) Conduct wildlife management on and around the airfield at RAF Fairford

IAW the current contract PWS. Provide advice to the BHWG on any measures which can be taken to prevent future bird strikes.

(b) Remove dead birds and animals from the airfield to avoid attracting carrion eating wildlife. Forward remains suspected of aircraft wildlife strike to Flight Safety for identification.

(c) Recommend BWC changes to the SOF, control tower, or AM based on observed hazards. Promptly advise of any bird activity that poses an immediate threat to flight safety, particularly within the WEZ. For HH-60 UAO operations that occur outside the fighter aircraft flying window, recommend bird hazard information and condition changes to the 56 RQS DDO at DSN 226-2227.

(d) Be knowledgeable of the wildlife hazards in the RAF Fairford area (IAW the current contract).

(e) Contractor will be properly licensed, manned and equipped to implement appropriate control methods / techniques on the airfield within the contracted 10 minute response time.

4. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS. 420 ABS/OSO or designated representative will be the contract functional area chief.

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL. Responsibility for execution of this plan rests with the 501 CSW/SEF and 420 ABS/CC.

6. ANNEXES.

A – Tasked Organizations B – Acronyms and Definitions C – Operations W – Civil Engineering Y – Reports Z – Distribution

ANNEX A TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

TASKED ORGANIZATIONS

1. ORGANIZATIONS.

501st Combat Support Wing

Vice Commander, 501st Combat Support Wing 501 CSW/CV Flight Safety Manager, 501st Combat Support Wing

501 CSW/SEF

Judge Advocate, 501st Combat Support Wing 501 CSW/JA Public Affairs, 501st Combat Support Wing 501 CSW/PA

422d Air Base Group

422 ABG/CC

420th Air Base Squadron Commander, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/CC Operations Support Flight, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/OS Airfield Management, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/OSO Control Tower, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/OSA Civil Engineer, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/CE Environmental Management, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/CEI Services, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/SV Security Forces, 420th Air Base Squadron 420 ABS/SF

Ministry of Defence Defence Infrastructure Organization DIO RAF Commander RAF/CC

ANNEX B TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

AFPD Air Force Policy Directive AFI Air Force Instruction AF IMT Air Force Information Management Tool AFPAM Air Force Pamphlet AFSAS Air Force Safety Automated System AOB Air Operations Board ATC Air Traffic Control BAMGIS Bird Avoidance Model Geographical Information System BASH Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard BHWG Bird Hazard Working Group BCC Bird Control Contractor BWC Bird Watch Condition DEFRA Department for Food, Environment and Rural Affairs DIO Defence Infrastructure Organization DSN Defense Switched Network DoD Department of Defense FAA Federal Aviation Administration FIH Flight Information Handbook FLIP Flight Information Publication FSO Flight Safety Officer GMC Grounds Maintenance Contractor IAW In Accordance With MAJCOM Major Command MDS Mission Design Series MOD Ministry of Defence OPR Office of Primary Responsibility PIC Pilot In Command PM Project Manager PWS Performance Work Statement RAF Royal Air Force SOF Supervisor of Flying SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest UK United Kingdom UK FGS United Kingdom Final Governing Standards USVF United States Visiting Forces WEZ Wildlife Exclusion Zone

ANNEX C TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

OPERATIONS

REFERENCES. See Basic Plan

1. GENERAL.

a. This annex establishes the basic procedures for implementing the BASH Plan.

2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS.

a. 501 CW/SEF is the OPR for the BASH plan, facilitates the BHWG and works with base organizations and DIO and MOD officials to provide the most effective bird/wildlife control possible.

3. CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS.

a. Tasks.

(1) Chief, Operations Support Flight, 420th Air Base Squadron (420 ABS/OS) will:

(a) Implement the BASH program.

(b) Coordinate the actions of the BCC within the scope of the present contract.

(c) Maintain a zero-tolerance towards wildlife within the WEZ, encompassing the aircraft movement area, clear zones and low-level flight corridors proximate to the airfield.

(d) Ensure the current BWC condition matches actual bird conditions.

(e) Ensure the BCC is provided information that will assist them in carrying out their operations (runway changes, high winds, etc.).

(f) Ensure BWC information is relayed to aircrews.

(g) Ensure the bird hazard information developed by 501 CSW/SEF is posted in aircrew mission planning areas.

(h) Conduct operations in compliance with DoD directives, AFIs and the FGS-UK.

(2) Bird Control Contractor will:

(a) Provide all personnel, equipment, tools, materials, supervision, transport, and other items and services necessary to perform wildlife control services at RAF

Fairford IAW the current contract PWS.

(b) Comply with all UK laws and regulations that are applicable to this type of wildlife control program. Methods used must be legal, safe and effective.

(1) BCC shall be registered with Natural England to use the Class License

(WML-CL12) to depredate certain species of wild birds to preserve air safety.

(c) Ensure employees are trained in the use of firearms, if used, and hold a firearms/shotgun certificate. Firearms brought onto the base must be registered with Ministry of Defence Police and stored in the base Armory or British Standard BS7558/92 gun safe.

b. BASH Priorities.

(1) First priority must be given to the WEZ, to include the approach and departure lanes for clearing birds from the airfield. Dispersal actions should begin one hour before the first aircraft movement. To prevent birds from growing accustomed to the use of a particular procedure or equipment, methods of operation will be varied as much as possible. Chasing single birds or very small flocks from the airfield may not seem worthwhile, but only one bird ingested into an engine may cause severe damage. In addition, birds already on the ground can be the nucleus around which a large flock of passing birds congregate.

Figure 4. Wildlife Exclusion Zone (WEZ)

(2) Second priority is the parking ramp areas, to include the NE loop, SE loop, SW loop and SW spur. These areas are subject to forming shallow water pooling and are situated within the bird transit areas between the larger water sources in the area.

(3) Third priority is aircraft hangars and structures that serve as bird roosting locations.

(4) Fourth priority is to establish the largest possible wildlife-free buffer zone around the airfield to increase safety margins.

4. PROCEDURES.

a. Phase I and II. As described in AFI 91-212, the determination of Phase I and II alerts aircrews to expected hazards when traveling to an airfield or through a particular area.

Phase I and II determinations are largely based on bird migration, but may also be based on seasonal agricultural practices in the local area. During migration, when bird activity is heavy, the period should be determined to be Phase II. After the migration has passed through, the airfield may return to Phase I. However, if migrating birds remain in the local area throughout the winter, Phase II should remain in effect until the birds leave during the spring migration.

(1) PHASE I – January through July and November through December (normal bird activity on and around the airfield or other specific location representing a decreased potential for strikes).

(a) Missions scheduled during +/- one hour of sunrise and sunset should be included in pre-mission risk management and analysis worksheets.

(2) PHASE II – August through October (increased movement of waterfowl between feeding and roosting sites representing an increased potential for strikes).

(a) BWC MODERATE will be declared +/- one hour of sunrise/sunset during

PHASE II due to increased bird activity (gulls, ducks and geese) on uncontrolled waterbodies outside of the airfield. These birds routinely cross the runway at approach and departure paths, which increases the potential for strikes during the PHASE II period.

(b) Flight operations should be avoided during these periods unless mission essential.

(c) Missions scheduled during +/- one hour of sunrise and sunset should be included in pre-mission risk management and analysis worksheets. The risk from both waterfowl and gulls can vary depending on weather conditions, but are generally higher during periods of inclement weather when birds are attracted to the airfield to feed on invertebrates.

(d) BCC patrols off base should be increased and appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the risk, as required.

b. Bird Watch Condition (BWC). To inform pilots of bird densities, the term "Bird Watch

Condition" will be used. BWC alerts aircrews to possible flight hazards due to increased bird activity. Different bird densities require varying degrees of caution. Aircraft may be delayed from take-off while the airfield is being cleared of birds. The BWC will be upgraded as soon as possible following indications of moderate or severe bird activity.

Do not be afraid or hesitant to upgrade the BWC if conditions warrant. Even one large bird in the WEZ can justify an upgrade to SEVERE. There is no penalty or sanction for upgrading the BWC. It is feasible the BWC can change several times within a short period of time. USAF aircrews will comply with the following:

(1) BWC SEVERE: Bird activity on or immediately above the active runway or WEZ representing a high potential for strikes. Supervisors and aircrews must thoroughly evaluate mission need before conducting operations in areas under condition

SEVERE.

(a) Do not conduct flight operations except in an emergency. Arriving aircraft will either hold awaiting a lower BWC or will divert. Non-emergency landings in BWC SEVERE require approval by the Operations Group Commander (or designated representative) responsible for the aircraft owning unit’s flight operations, or Commander, 422nd Air Base Group if the aircraft owning operations group commander cannot be contacted.

(2) BWC MODERATE: Bird activity near the active runway, or WEZ, or other specific location representing increased potential for strikes. BWC MODERATE requires increased vigilance by all agencies and supervisors and caution by aircrews.

(a) Operational commanders will consider restricting formation departures, approaches and pattern work. During BWC MODERATE accomplish one approach to a full stop unless mission needs warrant additional approaches and sufficient fuel exists to divert if BWC changes to SEVERE.

(3) BWC LOW: Bird activity on and around the airfield representing low potential for strikes.

(a) No restrictions other than documented in the FLIP, or imposed by ATC.

c. Declaring Bird Watch Condition (BWC).

(1) Airfield Manager or ranking Airfield Management staff member is required to conduct and document an airfield check before the start of flying activities each day and as required throughout the day to identify, document and report bird activity.

(a) If the BWC is greater than LOW, the reason is logged to include number of birds, species, location and the BCC is notified. The BCC will provide a daily log bird control activities to the Airfield Manager to include BWC, time of activity, weather conditions, location of activity, species, estimated number of birds and dispersal method used.

(b) All personnel performing an airfield inspection must be trained and certified in their training record and have an operational understanding of bird/wildlife hazard management to include bird watch conditions, attractants, passive/active control measures, local species identification and surveys

(2) During flight operations the SOF declares the BWC. If a SOF is not assigned, the

Airfield Manager declares the BWC upon the advice of the Bird Control Contractor, Control Tower, Flight Safety Manager or Aircrew. Do not be afraid or hesitant to upgrade the BWC if conditions warrant. Even one large bird in the WEZ can justify an upgrade to SEVERE. There is no penalty or sanction for upgrading the BWC. It is feasible the BWC can change several times within a short period of time.

(a) BWC will be determined using the professional knowledge, experience and best judgment of the observer.

(b) Airfield Manager will keep Control Tower informed of changes to airfield bird/wildlife activity that might affect flight operations.

(3) When determining the BWC, bird populations on the airfield, as well as uncontrolled bird populations at known habitats outside of the airfield, must be taken into consideration.

d. Downgrading the BWC. The Airfield Manager or ranking Airfield Management staff member downgrades the BWC based upon his/her observations and the advice of the Bird Control Contractor, Control Tower, Flight Safety Manager or Aircrew. During flight operations the SOF, if assigned, downgrades the BWC. In all cases, at a minimum, the Control Tower will be advised by the person downgrading the BWC.

e. Inflight Reporting. Pilots shall immediately report large concentrations of birds or wildlife on or near the airfield to Air Traffic Control. See pilot report (PIREP) procedures in the Flight Information Handbook (FIH).

5. APPENDICES.

1 – Bird Strike Hazards 2 – Low Level Flight Considerations

APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX C TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

BIRD STRIKE HAZARDS

1. GENERAL. This appendix provides information on specific bird strike hazards and general recommendations for countering each hazard. Bird control, both active and passive measures, shall be conducted IAW Natural England Class License (WML-CL12). Consult with the BHWG before implementing new wildlife management techniques.

2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS. An important part of evaluating bird and other wildlife hazards are learning about the local activities. Examples of areas to examine are: species that cause hazards, locations of local bird refuges, daily bird movements, seasonal bird populations, potential airfield food sources for birds, number and location of deer sightings, etc. After defining the hazards, there are several active and passive techniques that can be successful in reducing bird populations. The following is a summary of specific hazards in the local area and recommendations for reducing each hazard to flight operations.

3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS INFORMATION.

a. Birds (Most common local species):

(1) Corvids. These large (about one pound) omnivorous birds, which include Rooks and Jackdaws, are common and reside in large numbers near the airfield. They favor the airfield where they feed in flocks in the grassed areas. Although base officials attempt to ensure no nesting sites are located on base, there are large rookeries off base. Fortunately, these birds are clever in avoiding aircraft and are rarely struck.

They are present year-round; however, in May and June, inexperienced young birds may become a hazard as they leave the nest. These birds may occur in large flocks, particularly at sunset as they return to roost sites. An effective long grass management program, birds of prey, roost and rookery removal, bioacoustics, pyrotechnics and depredation are effective management techniques.

Figure 5. Rook (Corvid Species)

(2) Starlings. These birds are small (about 3.5 ounces). Starlings can be particularly hazardous because when approached by a predator (or an aircraft) they form into tight impenetrable flocks. Huge flocks occur, sometimes in thousands. Starlings also flock prior to settling down at dusk and can be particularly hazardous at that time. An effective long grass management program is the best means of reducing airfield starling numbers. Do not allow seed-producing plants to grow on the airfield.

Eliminate roost sites near the flight line. Selective pruning or removal of roost trees and brush must be done if starlings begin to roost on base. Bioacoustics and pyrotechnics work well. Other methods should be used to supplement this program as necessary.

Figure 6. Starling

(3) Buzzards/Birds of Prey. These birds can be hazardous to aircraft because of their large size and widespread distribution over bases and low-level areas. They use thermals to their advantage to search for prey. These birds become active during mid-morning and remain aloft until late afternoon. Pilots should avoid areas with thermal-generating terrain such as ridgelines, rolling hills and near water. The removal of dead animals on the airfield, rodent control, removal of dead vegetation and perching sites on the airfield can control these birds. Pyrotechnics are effective.

Figure 7. Buzzard

(4) Pigeons. These birds are seedeaters and are attracted to seed-producing weeds and open areas where grit is present. They feed on seed producing plants and eat grit in order to boost their ability to lay eggs. Open spots grassed and non-grassed on the airfield are attractive as feeding sites. Pyrotechnics and birds of prey can be effective in frightening these birds. An effective long grass management program will limit the number of pigeons on the airfield.

Figure 8. Wood Pigeon

(5) Swallows. These birds eat insects in flight and are commonly found above the field.

Insect control can reduce swallow numbers. An effective long grass management program and discouragement of nesting will further decrease numbers. Pyrotechnics are effective when birds are at rest on runways or other areas of airfield.

Figure 9. Swallow

(6) Geese/Waterfowl.

(a) Geese/Waterfowl are attracted to the area around RAF Fairford to breed and/or feed. Nearby waterbodies (see Figure 2) attract these birds, particularly as these areas contain suitable conditions for feeding, breeding, nesting, or sheltering.

Proactive geese control, including pyrotechnics, depredation and egg and nest removal is applied on and off base, but risk of strike remains MODERATE to SEVERE +/- 1 hour of sunrise/sunset during Phase II. Increasing the steepness of ditch and pond banks and removing vegetation will reduce their numbers. When possible, water sources should be drained. Canada Geese are particularly active from October to March and are often spotted crossing the runway inflight. Pilots should remain vigilant as flocks may be seen from some distance away. Avoid near flocks and near wildlife refuges, and lakes, or rivers.

Figure 10. Canada Goose

(7) Herons. These are attracted to water where they feed on fish, etc. Control is best achieved by eliminating the food sources. Increasing the steepness of the sides of ditches and ponds and removing emergent vegetation will drastically reduce accessibility to food sources. Pyrotechnics are effective. These birds fly alone or in pairs and have been seen flying along the runway at low level. Pilots should remain vigilant and should stay well away from these birds if spotted while in flight.

Figure 11. Heron

(8) Gulls. These birds represent the most significant hazards to aircraft worldwide. Due to their omnivorous feeding habits and preference for flat, open areas when resting they are common on airfields. Gulls are most active just after sunrise and before sunset as they move to and from feeding areas. Improperly operated landfills are a significant source of attraction for gulls and should not be allowed in the airfield vicinity. Fertilizer spread in nearby farmland may also attract them. Gulls may inhabit the airfield during inclement weather to loaf on warm pavement surfaces and feed on invertebrates. Persistent harassment using birds of prey, pyrotechnics and bioacoustics is necessary to discourage these birds.

Figure 12. Gull

b. Mammals.

(1) Fox. These animals are attracted to airfields by rodents, rabbits, and other food sources. Dens may be found in banks, culverts, or other suitable areas. Rodent control will reduce the numbers of these animals. Pyrotechnics can be used to frighten these species, and occasional shooting of individual animals or recurrent pests will also reduce the hazard.

(2) Rabbit and Brown Hare. In addition to direct hazards to aircraft, these animals attract raptors. Occasional persistent and intensive rabbit hunts on the field can reduce population. The current status of the brown hare falls into various categories, in that it is a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species, a pest species and a quarry species and are therefore difficult to control.

(3) Deer. Any species of deer living on base will be a direct hazard to aircraft. While deer are not common on the airfield, they are found in the vicinity of the flight-line.

Contact Airfield Management immediately in the event of deer sightings.

APPENDIX 2 TO ANNEX C TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

LOW LEVEL FLIGHT CONSIDERATIONS

1. LOW LEVEL BIRD STRIKES.

a. Low-level bird strikes present the highest risk to aircrews due to the aircraft speed, proximity to the ground, and increased exposure to birds. Low-level bird strikes have resulted in the destruction of USAF aircraft and loss of life in the UK. For the purpose of this plan, low-level flight is considered all flight activity below 3000’ AMSL.

b. All aircrew using Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and/or the United Kingdom Low Flying System (UKLFS) will review AP/2 and the UK Military Low Flying Handbook (UKMLFH) and comply with all published procedures. Review of this plan does not fulfill this requirement.

(1) Visual Flight Rules (VFR) for the UK are published in FLIP AP/2, Area Planning, Europe-Africa-Middle East. Aircrew should be conversant with UK VFR restrictions and procedures.

(2) The United Kingdom Low Flying System (UKLFS) utilizes all airspace within the UK Flight Information Region (FIR). The UK does not have designated low-level routes or corridors. The UKLFS comprises Class G Airspace extending vertically from the surface to 2,000 feet AGL/Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) and laterally to the UK FIR boundary. It does not include airspace within Aerodrome Traffic Zones, Military Aerodrome Traffic Zones, or Danger Areas.

(a) The UKLFS is divided into the UK Day Low Flying System (UKDLFS) and the

UK Night Low Flying System (UKNLFS) with specific requirements for fixed and rotary wing operations. The UKLFS is regulated by the Ministry of Defence (MOD), Assistant Chief of the Air Staff.

(b) Military flying regulations for the use of the UKLFS are contained in Military Aviation Authority (MAA) Regulatory Article (RA) 2330. This UNCLASSIFIED UK Military Low Flying Handbook (UKMLFH) contains restrictions and procedures for use of the UKLFS that are designed to ensure safe operation of military aircraft and minimize potential disturbance to the public. All aircrew using the UKLFS should be conversant with these restrictions and procedures.

c. In order to minimize the potential for a bird strike, the following guidelines should be applied to all VFR and UKLFS flying operations.

(1) Avoid known Bird Concentration Areas identified in the UK Low Fly Handbook and the Bird Avoidance Model Geographical Information System (BAMGIS).

(2) Avoid all areas of known bird concentrations identified by BIRDTAMS that are available on the United States NOTAM Office web site https://www.notams.jcs.mil.

(3) Avoid areas with ideal terrain for creating thermals during the summer months, such as ridge lines, rolling hills, and areas near water.

(4) Avoid flying within +/- 1 hour before and after sunrise/sunset when there is a known increase in bird activity especially in the following areas:

(a) All coastal areas to avoid gulls and shorebirds.

(b) Waterbodies with high concentrations of waterfowl.

(5) Avoid flying near wildlife refuges, landfills, stockyards, and food processing plants since these are all strong attractions for birds.

2. FLYING CONSIDERATIONS.

a. Consider the following operational changes to reduce the potential and severity of bird strikes commensurate with mission requirements:

(1) Reduce low-level flight duration to the minimum.

(2) Increase the altitude of the low level.

(3) Formation flying should be kept to a minimum in order to give the pilots more time to search for birds in the area.

(4) Change low-level training area, if mission profile permits.

Figure 13. Bird Concentration Areas (March – July)

Figure 14. Bird Concentration Areas (August – February)

ANNEX W TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. CIVIL ENGINEERING.

a. Civil Engineers will develop management procedures based on three broad categories:

environmental management, anti-roost/proofing measure, and population control. In doing this assess fully the extent and nature of the bird problem by considering:

(1) The species and number of birds involved.

(2) The level and type of damage or problem being caused.

(3) The airfield facilities, including runway, taxiway, infield, buildings, structures and other areas which are affected.

2. MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT. Civil Engineers will work in conjunction with members of the Bird Hazard Working Group to effectively manage the bird/wildlife habitat.

a. Develop a long-range program, in conjunction with all base improvements and modifications, with the intent to make the airfield as unattractive to birds as feasible.

b. Develop land management plan to reduce BASH potentials to include the following practices:

(1) Habitat. Modify airfield habitat to make it unattractive to resident and migratory wildlife for the purposes of feeding, roosting and breeding.

(2) Broad-leafed weed control. Broad-leafed weeds will be kept to a minimum on the airfield. Broad-leafed weeds attract a variety of birds, and may produce seeds or berries and may limit grass growth.

(3) Reducing edge effect. Edge effect refers to the highly attractive transition zone between two distinct habitat types (e.g., brush to grass field). Maintain the airfield as uniformly as possible to reduce this effect.

(4) Remove dead vegetation such as brush piles, grass clippings, hay bales, etc. as soon as possible.

(5) Grass height is to be maintained at a height of between 7 inches to 14 inches (178mm to 355 mm) IAW AFI 91-212.

(6) Ensure that the landscape is maintained to a standard that minimizes the potential habitat for development of attractant food sources for foraging birds, such as heavy “thatch” cover that promotes increased worm and invertebrate populations.

(7) Harmonize the integration of BASH land management and the protection of threatened and endangered species, especially the Great Crested Newt in accordance with the UK FGS.

c. Ensure that USAF construction contracts solid waste management provides no accessible attractants and deters the presence of scavenging birds.

d. Anti-roost and proofing measures:

(1) Eliminate roosting sites. Corvids (rooks, crows and the like) and starling roosts may be controlled by vegetation management of roost sites or by a DEFRA authorized license allowing destruction of common “pest” species nest sites if they are in use or being built. Where not in use or being built are not protected under the Wild Life and Countryside Act 1981 and can be destroyed without a DEFRA license. Prune trees to reduce the number of perches available.

(2) Coordinate with RAF/CC and DIO for the procurement of all statutory licenses for authorized destruction of common “pest” species nests in use or being built.

(3) Bird-proof buildings and hangars. Denying access by screening windows, bird proof curtain screens and blocking entry holes is most effective.

(4) Develop and maintain as required wild fowl deterrent measures on/around waterbodies on site, such as the islands at the base lake.

e. Population Control:

(1) Coordinate population control measures with 420 ABS/OS and the BCC to provide legally compliant and effective intervention measures.

(2) The use of pesticide compounds is prohibited, unless the compound is approved for use in the United Kingdom and approved by DIO in conjunction with 422 CES.

3. APPENDICES.

1 – Long Grass Management Program

APPENDIX 1 TO ANNEX W TO 501 CSW PLAN 91-212

LONG GRASS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

REFERENCES. See Basic Plan

1. GENERAL.

The single most effective means of reducing the hazard is by maintaining the

a. The single most effective means of reducing bird hazards is by maintaining aerodrome grass at a height of between 7-14 inches (175-355 mm). Long-grass makes the aerodrome unattractive to those birds that are a particular hazard to aircraft, especially gulls and lapwings. It does this by denying birds the all-round-vision which they need for warning of approaching danger and by making it difficult for the birds to forage for food.

The term ‘long-grass’ however, is a misnomer and can lead to some misunderstanding of this habitat control technique. The main difference between short grass management on aerodromes and the long grass technique lies in the cutting regime. Long-grass is maintained at a height of between 7-14 inches either permanently or for specified periods throughout the year, depending on the regime adopted as being the most suitable at a particular location.

b. To be properly effective, long-grass policy must apply to as much of the aerodrome as is practicable and especially to those areas adjacent to aircraft operating surfaces. The result is that any attraction to birds is minimized and fewer birds frequent the immediate area. Moreover, those birds which are present are more easily dispersed by active scaring measures. Consequently, routine scaring techniques retain their effectiveness and are required less frequently.

2. OPERATIONS.

a. Responsibilities.

(1) Grounds Maintenance Contractor (GMC) will:

(a) Execute the requirements of the grounds maintenance contract, including provision of all personnel, equipment, tools, supervision, and other items and services necessary to ensure that grounds maintenance is performed at RAF Fairford.

(b) Maintain grass height between 7-14 inches (175-355 mm) in BASH areas.

Cutting of grass on airfield grounds shall be accomplished only after Airfield Management has approved scheduled times.

(c) As and when ordered by the Project Manager, on the approval of 420 ABS/CEO, conduct selective weed control on BASH grass as required by the particular location to control broad leaved weeds. Weed control in BASH grass will only be carried out when instructed by the PM using the priced line item.

(d) Submit a report of key aspects and performance indicators of future and previous month’s work to the PM. The report shall be received within five days following the end of the calendar month being reported on.

b. Defence Infrastructure Organization (DIO), Project Manager (PM) will:

(1) Evaluate the results of GMC’s performance required by the contract and not the frequency or method of performance.

(2) Issue additional work orders to the GMC, on the approval of 420 ABS/CEO, to conduct weed spraying, clear scrub or brush and apply fertilizer to BASH areas.

(3) Approve all herbicides prior to use.

c. Base Civil Engineer, 420th Air Base Squadron (420 ABS/CE) will:

(1) Request funding into the Planning, Programming and Budget process to maintain an effective airfield Long Grass Management Program and submit an AF Form 332 to DIO for additional line item work, such as weed spraying.

3. PROCEDURES.

a. The long grass cutting season will run from March through September (see Table 1). The BHWG has the final determination of the cutting season and cutting outside these months will be specifically approved with consideration that alterations to the contracted grounds maintenance program may be at additional cost to the government.

PERIOD OPERATION

Late winter, early spring Implement “bottoming out” operation.

Early Spring Take soil samples for analysis and receive recommended fertilizer management program.

Early Spring Following bottoming out, scarify areas using spiked…