Attachment_6_-_Shaw_AFB_ID2_Handbook--October_201.pdf

ID2

Installation Development and Design (ID2) Handbook

Air Combat Command

FINAL October 2012

Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina

Building 501, Education Center

FA4803-19-B-A001

Attachment 6: Shaw AFB ID2 Handbook

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACC

v i Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina: Installation Development and Design Handbook (ID2)

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Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................ 1-1

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience ....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.1 Applicability ................................................................................................................................................ 1-1

1.1.2 Audience .................................................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Development and Design—A Holistic Approach..................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2.1 HQ ACC/A7P ............................................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.3 Development and Design—Requirements and Evaluation Metrics ........................................................................ 1-3

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.2 Installation Requirements........................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development and Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics ................................... 1-4

1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board Evaluations ................................................................................................................. 1-4

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation Metrics and Evaluations ......................................................................................... 1-4

1.4 Organization of this Document ................................................................................................................................ 1-4

Chapter 2 Installation Image ...................................................... 2-1

2.1 Installation Context .................................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1.1 Resource Overview .................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1.2 Design Information ..................................................................................................................................... 2-3

2.1.3 LEED Rating System, Regional Priority Credits ........................................................................................ 2-3

2.2 Installation Sustainable Development Goals .......................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3 Installation Development ......................................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.4 Image Elements ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4.1 Paths .......................................................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.4.2 Edges ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-11

2.4.3 Nodes ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-12

2.4.4 Landmarks ............................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.4.5 Districts .................................................................................................................................................... 2-14

Chapter 3 Development Considerations ................................... 3-1

3.1 Reuse Opportunities ............................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Infill Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.1 Infill Site #1 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-3

3.2.2 Infill Site #2 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-4

3.2.3 Infill Site #3 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-5

3.2.4 Infill Site #4 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-6

3.2.5 Infill Site #5 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-7

3.2.6 Infill Site #6 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-8

3.2.7 Infill Site #7 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-9

3.3 Circulation ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-10

3.3.1 Vehicle Circulation ................................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.3.2 Pedestrian Circulation .............................................................................................................................. 3-10

3.4 Land Use ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.5 Utilities ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.6 Sustainability Initiatives ......................................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.6.1 Energy Conservation Initiatives ............................................................................................................... 3-12

3.6.2 Water Conservation Initiatives ................................................................................................................. 3-12

3.6.3 Waste Reduction Initiatives ...................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.7 Constraints ............................................................................................................................................................ 3-13

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Chapter 4 Illustrative Plan .......................................................... 4-1

Chapter 5 Development and Design Guidelines ...................... 5-1

5.1 Sustainable Development and High Performance Green Building Design (SD&HPGBD) ..................................... 5-1

5.2 Site Development .................................................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.1 Solar Orientation and Building Siting ......................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.2 Access ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.2.3 Parking and Roads ..................................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.2.4 Landscape .................................................................................................................................................. 5-7

5.2.5 Open Space ............................................................................................................................................. 5-10

5.2.6 Energy and Utilities .................................................................................................................................. 5-12

5.2.7 Storm Water ............................................................................................................................................. 5-15

5.3 Architectural Design .............................................................................................................................................. 5-16

5.3.1 Architectural Order ................................................................................................................................... 5-16

5.3.2 Architectural Elements ............................................................................................................................. 5-22

5.3.3 Additional Architectural and Design Direction .......................................................................................... 5-29

Chapter 6 List of Acronyms ....................................................... 6-1

Appendix A Figures ................................................................... A-1 A-1 Buildings .................................................................................................................................................................. A-1 A-2 Habitat Areas .......................................................................................................................................................... A-2 A-3 Noise Contours ....................................................................................................................................................... A-3 A-4 Noise Contours (Base View) ................................................................................................................................... A-4 A-5 Existing Land Use ................................................................................................................................................... A-5 A-6 Future Land Use ..................................................................................................................................................... A-6

Appendix B Technical Constraints and Considerations ........ B-1 B.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................. B-1

B.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1.2 Brand Name References............................................................................................................................ B-1 B.1.3 Design Criteria for Additions ...................................................................................................................... B-1 B.1.4 Codes and Standards ................................................................................................................................ B-1 B.1.5 Secured Facilities ....................................................................................................................................... B-2 B.1.6 Procedural Requirements .......................................................................................................................... B-2

B.2 Civil Engineering Standards .................................................................................................................................... B-4 B.2.1 Concrete Paving and Foundations ............................................................................................................. B-4 B.2.2 Asphalt ....................................................................................................................................................... B-4 B.2.3 Site Work .................................................................................................................................................... B-4 B.2.4 Field Quality Control Testing ...................................................................................................................... B-5 B.2.5 Minimum Testing Requirements for Concrete ........................................................................................... B-5

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B.3 Site Design .............................................................................................................................................................. B-5

B.3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... B-5 B.3.2 Parking and Vehicular Circulation .............................................................................................................. B-5 B.3.3 Sidewalks and Crosswalks ........................................................................................................................ B-5 B.3.4 Fences and Site Walls ............................................................................................................................... B-5 B.3.5 Shade and Storage Structures ................................................................................................................... B-5 B.3.6 Site Lighting ............................................................................................................................................... B-5 B.3.7 Site Furnishings ......................................................................................................................................... B-6

B.4 Landscape ............................................................................................................................................................... B-6 B.4.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... B-6 B.4.2 Landscape Materials .................................................................................................................................. B-7 B.4.3 Irrigation ..................................................................................................................................................... B-7 B.4.4 Landscaping Plants .................................................................................................................................... B-7

B.5 Architecture ............................................................................................................................................................. B-8 B.5.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... B-8 B.5.2 Roofs, Drainage, and Equipment ............................................................................................................... B-8 B.5.3 Exterior Walls ............................................................................................................................................. B-9 B.5.4 Fenestration ............................................................................................................................................... B-9

B.6 Interior Design ....................................................................................................................................................... B-10 B.7 Signs ..................................................................................................................................................................... B-11

B.7.1 Exterior Signs ........................................................................................................................................... B-11 B.7.2 Interior Signs ............................................................................................................................................ B-13

B.8 Structural ............................................................................................................................................................... B-15 B.9 Mechanical ............................................................................................................................................................ B-15

B.9.1 General Mechanical and Electrical .......................................................................................................... B-15 B.9.2 Mechanical ............................................................................................................................................... B-15

B.10 Fire Suppression ................................................................................................................................................... B-18 B.11 Electrical ................................................................................................................................................................ B-18

B.11.1 Electrical Service ...................................................................................................................................... B-18 B.11.2 General Electric ........................................................................................................................................ B-19 B.11.3 Interior and Exterior Lighting .................................................................................................................... B-20 B.11.4 Fire and Mass Notification Protection Systems ....................................................................................... B-20 B.11.5 Telephone and Data (Communications) .................................................................................................. B-21 B.11.6 Miscellaneous .......................................................................................................................................... B-21

B.12 Specific Requirements for Drawings ..................................................................................................................... B-21 iv Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina: Installation Development and Design Handbook (ID2)

List of Tables Page 3-1 Infill Site Sizes ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

List of Figures Page 1-1 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 2-1 Installation Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 2-5 2-2a Installation Image Elements .................................................................................................................................... 2-7 2-2b Installation Image Elements .................................................................................................................................... 2-8 2-3 Circulation ............................................................................................................................................................. 2-10 2-4 Districts .................................................................................................................................................................. 2-15 2-5 Central District ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-16 2-6 Flightline District .................................................................................................................................................... 2-18 2-7 Industrial District .................................................................................................................................................... 2-19 2-8 Outdoor Recreation District ................................................................................................................................... 2-21 2-8 Eastern District ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-23 3-1 Infill Sites ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3-2 Circulation Improvements ..................................................................................................................................... 3-11 3-3 Composite Constraints .......................................................................................................................................... 3-14 4-1 Illustrative Site Plan ................................................................................................................................................. 4-3 4-2 Illustrative Site Plan (Northwest View) .................................................................................................................... 4-4 4-3 Illustrative Site Plan (Southeast View) .................................................................................................................... 4-5 4-4 Illustrative Site Plan (Southwest View) ................................................................................................................... 4-6 5-1 Building Footprints .................................................................................................................................................. 5-2 5-2 Solar Orientation Restrictions at Shaw AFB ........................................................................................................... 5-3 5-3 CE Complex ............................................................................................................................................................ 5-6 5-4 Recommended Parking Lot Treatment ................................................................................................................... 5-7 5-5 Planting for Energy Conservation ........................................................................................................................... 5-8 5-6 Use a Single Tree Species to Unify Different Building Forms .............................................................................. 5-10 5-7 Passive and Active Recreation Spaces ................................................................................................................ 5-11 5-8 Scale and Mass Diagrams .................................................................................................................................... 5-17 A-1 Buildings .................................................................................................................................................................. A-1 A-2 Habitat Areas .......................................................................................................................................................... A-2 A-3 Noise Contours ....................................................................................................................................................... A-3 A-4 Noise Contours (Base View) ................................................................................................................................... A-4 A-5 Existing Land Use ................................................................................................................................................... A-5 A-6 Future Land Use ..................................................................................................................................................... A-6 B-1 Sign Lines at Intersections ...................................................................................................................................... B-7 B-2 Roof Materials ......................................................................................................................................................... B-8 B-3 Proper Ventilation of Attic Space ............................................................................................................................ B-8 B-4 Exterior Wall Materials ............................................................................................................................................ B-9 B-5 Building Identification Sign .................................................................................................................................... B-12 B-6 Freestanding Building Identification Sign .............................................................................................................. B-12 B-7 Type D-2 Directional Sign ..................................................................................................................................... B-12 B-8 Room Number Sign ............................................................................................................................................... B-13 B-9 Wall-Mounted Directional Sign .............................................................................................................................. B-14

INTRODUCTION ACC

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1 Introduction

This ID2 Handbook addresses planning, design, and construction criteria guidance for Shaw Air Force Base (AFB) (Figure 1-1) so that implementing Sustainable Development and High Performance Green Building Design (SD&HPGBD) objectives become primary considerations along with building site, context, program needs and function. The design principles employed in this document are also intended to respond to and minimize the base’s impact on the natural environment.

Shaw AFB is located in a region rich in architectural history. Since colonial times, the fertile central sand hills of South Carolina brought settlers who founded the adjacent towns of Sumter, Columbia, Camden and Manning. Wealthy plantation owners built lavish homes along the Ashley River. The port of Charleston, now two hours away by automobile, became one of the major business and cultural centers of the colonies.

Since the 1700s, designers have adapted buildings to the local climate of hot, humid summers and mild winters by incorporating many of the elements that are recommended in this document. Moderately pitched roofs, large deep porches, and thick masonry walls are only some examples of characteristics of the regional architecture that still apply in today’s construction.

Architectural design standards for Shaw have always placed strong emphasis on grouping buildings to form outdoor public spaces. This idea is another concept that has grown out of the early architecture of Charleston and Savannah and is evident in the planning of Shaw AFB.

Designers are encouraged to draw from regional context, where appropriate, in the development of their designs.

Shaw AFB is located in the east central part of South Carolina, approximately 30 miles east of the capital city of Columbia. The base is located within the city limits of Sumter and is 10 miles west of the city’s center. Shaw is home to the 20th Fighter Wing, which flies F-16CJs and serves as the host unit. The 20th Fighter Wing operates the 55th, 77th and 79th Fighter Squadrons, and as the host wing, it also retains the responsibility for providing facilities, personnel and material for the base's operation.

Major tenant units located on Shaw AFB are:

Headquarters Ninth Air Force United States Air Forces Central Headquarters United States Third Army Coalition Forces Land Component Command United States Army Central

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience

Current guidance removes design process short-circuits by realigning constraints, changing mandates into a performance framework and limiting prescriptive requirements to those critical in meeting Command and Installation functional requirements. Prior editions of design guidance, both at the Command and Installation level, relied heavily on mandates and prescriptive formulas relating to the building form, aesthetics and materials, and this often narrowed design-phase investigations into plan arrangement exercises.

Installation-level development and design guidance focuses on the identification of regional and local design characteristics, common building methods and preferences, architectural context, landscape standards, infill and building density opportunities, future vision and the establishment of installation-centric preferences, and strategies. Building aesthetics and character cannot be fully established prior to conducting the concept charrette, as aesthetics develop and evolve in response to multiple drivers. Designing and then evaluating aesthetics and architectural character are highly subjective and must be approached on a project-by-project basis.

Companion information to this document is provided in the form of an Installation 3D mass model, photographic log database and the Installation Sustainability Assessment (ISA). The Installation 3D mass model is dimensionally accurate and reflects overall building massing, height and form. The photographic log database includes all structures on the installation, with the exception of family housing units and utility sheds.

The ISA serves to provide a current-state snapshot of the Installation’s “green posture” and will serve as a way to measure changes over time. Indicators should change for the better over time as more green design strategies and processes are put into place.

1.1.1 Applicability

Publication of this handbook serves to supersede previous installation-level design guidance. All external references to installation-level guidance documents now refer to the Installation Development and Design (ID2) Handbook. The ID2 serves to inform Future Year Development Plan site selections, Area Development Plan (ADP) designs, Requirements Document investigations and Concept Charrette Document packages. The ID2 will be summarized in the installation Electronic General Plan (eGP).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Central http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Third_Army http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_Forces_Land_Component_Command http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Central

GeorgiaAlabama

Virginia

Indiana

Kentucky

Tennessee North Carolina

South Carolina

West Virginia

Maryland

Nashville

Louisville

Richmond

Charleston

Blacksburg

Atlanta

Knoxville

Spartanburg Charlotte

Charleston

Savannah

Raleigh

Greensboro

Richmond

Norfolk

Sumter Columbia

Goldsboro

Shaw

AFB

SHAW AIR FORCE BASE

Vicinity Map

Figure 1-1

Shaw

AFB

Shaw

AFB

Atlantic Ocean

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Architect-engineer scope of work descriptions, request for proposal solicitations and design-bid-build and design-build contracts shall explicitly identify Headquarters (HQ) Air Combat Command (ACC)/A7P SD&HPGBD requirements and objectives as functional requirements.

The ID2 shall be referenced in all design and/or construction solicitations to inform contractors of its existence, and to ensure that the goals underlying the ID2 are incorporated into all new projects. This reference should inform contractors that the ID2 document does not mandate facility aesthetics, character or form, but rather that it contains broad design considerations relative to the installation's built environment. The reference should include a statement that the contractor's responsiveness to these considerations is an important evaluation factor when reviewing proposals, as well as subsequent design submittals.

1.1.2 Audience

This ID2 Handbook provides criteria and considerations used in the planning, development and design of projects. These criteria and considerations are in addition to technical criteria readily available to professional architects, planners, engineers and interior designers. This document and companion information sources shall be used as primary references in all planning/siting considerations, building renovation projects and new construction projects.

1.2 Development and Design—

A Holistic Approach

1.2.1 HQ ACC/A7P

The Command’s vision is to lead by example and serve as a role model for SD&HPGBD in the Air Force, Department of Defense (DoD) and the federal government. When “green design” is infused into every facet and decision, immediate and long-range benefits will be realized. The benefits will include creating healthier working environments, reducing the installation’s carbon footprint and enhancing the enduring quality of facilities while lowering the total cost of facility ownership. To this end, development and design strategies must incorporate a myriad of factors and influences. This will ensure solutions embody green building design and are appropriate to the site, sensitive to the built and natural context, reflective of functional needs and responsive to aesthetic considerations.

Green design is not optional. Implementing green building design (functional constraints) objectives is required to produce a complete and usable facility or a complete and usable improvement to an existing facility.

A green building design approach forms the functional and technical foundation for all performance requirements, development considerations and design constraints made, referenced or otherwise used in this document.

Green design is synonymous with “quality design.”

Quality design strategies produce results that conserve energy; make efficient use of resources; produce visually appealing structures; reduce environmental degradation;

create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, enduring, and productive; and shrink the environmental impact of our operations.

1.3 Development and

Design—Requirements and Evaluation Metrics

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements

Command-level requirements are described in ACC Instruction, ID2 (publication forthcoming). This document establishes SD&HPGBD objectives as primary functional constraints, prescribes HQ ACC/A7P review and oversight processes, identifies architectural and engineering design considerations and promulgates performance and prescriptive constraints.

1.3.2 Installation Requirements

The ID2 aligns with command-level guidance and is intended to be a vital component in developing strategies appropriate to smart growth development and the building site, sensitive to the built context, reflective of building program and scale and responsive to object/background importance. It should also fully implement SD&HPGBD objectives. The ID2 describes constraints and identifies objectives necessary to accomplish quality design. Topics and focus areas include installation context, architectural context, an Illustrative Plan, overarching development and design guidelines, site selection and development considerations, landscape design issues, architectural design objectives and technical constraints.

Technical constraints can be generally categorized either as “Non-Negotiable,” such as compatibility with existing fire-alarm communication or keying systems, or “Negotiable,” such as a concrete masonry unit (CMU) generally used throughout the installation. Non- Negotiable constraints should not directly or indirectly predetermine building aesthetics, character or form or limit/restrict investigation of high performance green building design strategies.

1-4

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development

and Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics Projects meeting threshold levels established in the ACC Instruction (publication forthcoming) will be evaluated by the HQ ACC D2 Board. D2 Board evaluations seek to validate conformance with requirements established by Command-level guidance and this document and seek to validate adherence to principles of quality design.

These principles include optimizing benefits from site selection and energy use, protecting and conserving water resources, utilizing environmentally preferable products, enhancing indoor environmental quality and optimizing operational and maintenance practices. All development and design solutions must embody an “appropriate response” and reflect a responsible use of public funds.

Evaluations of aesthetics and architectural design are inherently subjective, and the D2 Board reserves latitude in evaluating design strategies on a project-by-project basis. Design aesthetics, architectural character, and appropriate building form cannot be prescriptively determined in advance of conducting a concept development charrette, as these characteristics arise only after consideration and synthesis of all design drivers. Setting aesthetic preconditions short-circuits design development and will be avoided.

1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board Evaluations

D2 Board evaluations may produce recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory) or a combination of both. In extreme cases, D2 Board directives may include project stoppage in order to address continued or critical failures in meeting functional constraints.

Directives must be implemented, unless in very rare and extenuating circumstances a waiver is first endorsed by the D2 Board and then approved by HQ ACC/A7. Waiver requests must be submitted by the Base Civil Engineering Squadron Commander, must clearly document the basis for non-compliance, and describe actions that will be taken to offset the deviation.

Issuance of a waiver does not establish precedent or a basis for justifying other projects’ non-compliance.

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation

Metrics and Evaluations Installation metrics are those used by the D2 Board with additional interest in evaluating the implementation of installation-centric technical requirements. Installation evaluations may result in recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory) or a combination of both.

1.4 Organization

of this Document

This ID2 Handbook is organized into five main chapters:

Chapter 1, Introduction—Familiarizes the reader with the need, scope and applicability, requirements and organization of the document

Chapter 2, Installation Image—Provides insight into the existing conditions found on base, specifically in areas where new development can be accommodated

Chapter 3, Development Considerations—Provides information regarding opportunities and constraints found within the development areas

Chapter 4, Illustrative Plan—Provides a view of potential development opportunities in the next 10 to 20 years

Chapter 5, Development and Design Guidelines—

Highlights approaches to areas of SD&HPGBDs, site development and architectural design

Appendices—Identify specific technical considerations and constraints and other supporting materials

INSTALLATION IMAGE ACC

2-1

2 Installation Image

This chapter presents a discussion of the installation context, which identifies the natural and manmade conditions present at the installation. It is within these conditions that planning, design and construction decision are made. The context discussion is followed by a discussion of design goals that helps define the sustainable future of the base. Also identified and evaluated are the physical elements of the installation that make up the “image” of the base.

2.1 Installation Context

Planning, design and construction decisions need to be based on the fundamental tenets of sustainable design1.

They also require an understanding of natural resource conditions from the region to the site, geographically specific environmental priorities and the needs of personnel to effectively complete their tasks.

2.1.1 Resource Overview

The installation complex for Shaw AFB includes land, facilities and airspace managed by the installation. Land area includes Shaw Main Base, Poinsett Electronic Combat Range and Wateree Recreation Area. This ID2 addresses the land area of Shaw Main Base only.

Shaw AFB (Main Base) Located on the west side of Sumter, South Carolina, Shaw AFB is a highly developed installation. Of the 3,367 acres, the airfield covers approximately 1,010 acres, including dual runways and taxiways. Base facilities and infrastructure cover 1,400 acres and include approximately 3.17 million square feet of usable building space.

Poinsett Electronic Combat Range The range, which is located approximately 10 miles south of Shaw AFB, includes 12,520 acres, of which, 427 acres are actually used for the primary mission of training aircrews in air-to-ground bombing and gunnery and in electronic countermeasures. Shaw and McEntire are the primary users of the range.

Wateree Recreation Area Wateree is located 35 miles northwest of the base on Lake Wateree in Kershaw County and is managed for recreational purposes only. The property is 25 acres and

1Sustainability is generally considered to be the integration of ecology, sociology and economics in addressing master planning and building design; however, master planning and design for military installations requires additional considerations. Sustainable planning and design solutions for military installations are directly linked to mission sustainment, quality of life for personnel and families, conservation of natural resources and economic realities.

includes cabins as well as camping, boating and picnicking facilities. Operation of the recreation area is managed through 20th Force Support Squadron, Community Services Flight at Shaw AFB.

2.1.1.1 Socioeconomic Parameters (Base)

There are more than 6,100 active-duty personnel, 517 civil service personnel, and 686 non-appropriated-funded employees on Shaw AFB.

In 2010, the census population for the base was 3,101.

The total annual pay of $282.9 million includes military, appropriated, and non-appropriated personnel (Shaw Economic Impact Statement, 2009).

According to Shaw AFB’s Real Property office

(29 August 2011), there is a total of 3,172,061 usable square feet of building space.

2.1.1.2 Socioeconomic Parameters (Region)

The city of Sumter has an estimated population of

40,524.

The census tracks in and around Shaw AFB recorded a total population of 32,521 in 2010. This represents a

4.3 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2010.

The city has a total area of 32.1 square miles, with an average density of 1,263 people per square mile.

Rural related functions, such as farming, are primary activities in the county, which has a population of 107,456.

The county has a total area of 665 square miles, with a population density of 162 people per square mile.

County land uses include agriculture and forestry, with approximately 58 percent of the county classified as prime farmland or farmlands of statewide importance.

The U.S. military is a major job source for Sumter

County.

2.1.1.3 Climate

The climate at the base, which resembles other Humid Sub-tropical regions with hot and humid summer days and mild winters, is influenced by its location in the sandhills region of the state.

The installation averages between 49 and 50 inches of rain annually.

2-2

The maximum precipitation occurs during the summer months, averaging approximately five inches per month.

December through February are the coolest months, with average minimum temperatures around 35°F.

Since 2002, the area has experienced four ice storms.

The summer months of June to August have average maximum temperatures around 90°F.

The region has experienced significant drought on numerous occasions. The most recent occurrence was a severe drought from 1998 to 2003.

According to historical information, Sumter County is subject to hurricane and tropical storm force winds every five to 10 years.

Snowfall averages 1.8 inches per year, but occurs infrequently. Maximum yearly snowfalls have been recorded as high as 20 inches.

2.1.1.4 Topography/Geology

Sumter County’s elevation ranges from 80 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) in the floodplains of the Wateree River, to over 400 feet in the Sandhills region. The main geologic formations consist of Cretaceous age Middendorf formation, Cretaceous age Black Creek formation and Tertiary age Black Mingo formation.

Base elevations range from approximately 200 feet AMSL in the southeast to 340 feet AMSL in the northwest.

2.1.1.5 Soils

Soils at Shaw AFB are generally well drained, consisting of the Orangeburg-Lucy-Greenville association. This association is generally well drained with a sandy or loamy surface layer, and a loamy or clay subsoil.

Wetlands around Shaw AFB are usually Osier loamy sand. The design process must take into consideration the soils of the base, which are shown in Appendix A.

2.1.1.6 Surface Waters

Generally, the drainage at Shaw AFB is good. Naturally occurring surface waters on the base include Long Branch, along the northeast boundary; one of its tributaries, Spann Branch, along the northern boundary;

and Mush Branch, originating at the southwest corner of the base just south of US 76/378.

Four artificial impoundments exist on base, including Chapel Pond, Memorial Lake, #1 Hole Golf Course Pond and #8 Hole Golf Course Pond. Memorial Lake has problems with weed and algae because of the design, golf course runoff and waterfowl population.

According to a recent jurisdictional determination, there are approximately 53 acres of wetlands on Shaw AFB, located along the northern boundary associated with Long Branch.

2.1.1.7 Groundwater

Groundwater under the main base occurs within three aquifer systems. The aquifer system depths include 10 to 100 feet for the shallow aquifer system, approximately 200 feet for the Black Creek aquifer and over 325 feet for the Middendorf aquifer system. The dissolved-solids content in the streams is low since the groundwater discharging to streams in the area spends relatively little time in contact with soluble minerals. This results in streams with low flood peaks, high base flows, and good water quality. There is groundwater contamination from trichloroethylene (TCE) in the main cantonment area.

The plume begins at approximately 150 feet below ground surface.

2.1.1.8 Potable Water

The base produces all of its potable water from on-base wells. The wells withdraw water from the Black Creek Middendorf aquifers. Water is treated at each of the well sites before storage in one of three aboveground storage tanks.

2.1.1.9 Air Quality

Shaw AFB is located in the Camden/Sumter Intrastate Air Quality Control Region and is considered in attainment for NO2, SO2, O3, CO and PM10, and based on collected data, is expected to be designated as in attainment for the PM2.5 and the eight-hour O3 standards.

2.1.1.10 Noise

A significant portion of the base (80 percent) is within noise level zones II and III (Appendix A). All construction in zones II and III will require noise attenuation. Many facilities in high noise areas shall have levels of noise attenuation.

2.1.1.11 Plants and Animals

The area contains suitable habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Currently, there are no federally listed species known to occur on Shaw AFB. The protected Least Tern and state-protected species may occur at Shaw AFB.

Shaw AFB’s dominant vegetation community type is Disturbed/Urbanized, covering 84 percent. Second to the previous type is the Pine Plantation Community, covering 13 percent. The Pine Plantation Community at

FA4803-19-B-A001

2-3 the base consists of 25- to 35-year-old loblolly pine trees.

2.1.1.12 Cultural Resources

The Shaw AFB area was attractive to prehistoric populations due to the presence of well-drained soils adjacent to drainages and wetlands. Surveys of the base have identified archaeological sites. Some of these sites have begun to reveal a great deal more about the prehistoric inhabitants of this area.

One individual building at Shaw AFB (main base), Building 611, an airplane hangar, has been determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places

(NRHP).

There is one site at the Poinsett Electronic Combat Range (PECR) that is listed as NHRP Eligible. This site, the Rosemary Fire Tower Complex, was constructed in the early 1930s.

Detailed information is available in the Shaw Air Force Base Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan

(ICRMP).

2.1.1.13 Recreation

Numerous outdoor recreation facilities at Shaw AFB are available to military and government personnel and their families. Recreational activities include swimming pools, a golf course, camping, hunting (in season) and a skeet and trap range.

Off-base recreational areas located near the base include Wateree Recreation Area, several state parks, and a unit of the National Park Service. Nearby outdoor recreation areas include:

Wateree Recreation Area: Along Lake Wateree, with swimming, boat rental, large recreation center, cabins, RV sites, primitive overnight camping and picnicking.

Congaree National Park: South of Shaw AFB, along the Congaree River, with a museum…