Hanscom AFB OM Manuals Packet.pdf

DISCLAIMER

ACTION TARGET INC.

DISCLAIMER

A shooting range owner must be aware of the risks inherent in the use of firearms and participation in live fire programs. In addition to these inherent risks, is the risk of improper use of firearms in live-fire training which can lead to property damage, personal injury, and even death. These risks can be reduced by following appropriate safety policies and all manufacturers’ instructions when using firearms with any Action Target product.

Action Target products are intended for use only under the close supervision and direction of a qualified firearms instructor experienced in live-fire training. The risks associated with firearms training must be carefully considered and evaluated in the use of any Action Target product.

Further, every firearm user must fully understand and evaluate the destructive and penetrating potential of any ammunition selected. Prior to using Action Target products, the firearm user must be familiar with the performance characteristics of the ammunition in use and ensure that it cannot penetrate or damage the containment elements of the range (AR500 steel, AR500 steel and crushed rock, etc.). If in doubt, firearms users should consult the ammunition’s manufacturer for performance characteristics.

Armor Piercing (AP) or other penetrative ammunition MUST NOT be used in conjunction with any Action Target product. The use of penetrative ammunition could result in serious damage to the product, breaching the containment area, serious injury, or death.

Action Target Inc. disclaims any and all liability associated with the use of firearms in association with its products. While Action Target products are designed to reduce the risks associated with live fire training, failure to take proper care or to adhere to appropriate safety policies and procedures could result in damage to property, injury, or death to participants or bystanders. Action Target assumes no liability for the improper use of its products or the improper use of firearms or ammunition in conjunction with its products. Every firearms user uses the Action Target products at his or her own risk and assumes liability for his or her own actions.

Action Target will assume no responsibility for persons or organizations that use Action Target products in a manner which is unsafe and/or which poses a threat to property, the environment, or human life.

Action Target is not responsible for contamination, environmental damage, or any other consequences of range operation.

Questions may be directed to Action Target Technical Support:

Telephone: (801) 852-2418 Email: technicalsupport@actiontarget.com Address: Action Target Technical Support

3411 S. Mountain Vista Pkwy Provo, UT 84601

USA

mailto:technicalsupport@actiontarget.com

SAFETY

ACTION TARGET INC.

SAFETY

Action Target Inc. targets and bullet containment systems are designed to reduce, but cannot completely control, the amount of bullet splatter that may be returned to the shooting area. For this reason, it is important that appropriate eye protection and protective clothing be worn by shooters and bystanders when shooting at steel targets or targets that use a steel mounting frame or steel components.

Any activity using firearms has risks and should only be performed with care and attention. Action Target products are intended for responsible use under the supervision of qualified firearms training personnel.

ACTION TARGET STRONGLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU FOLLOW YOUR RANGE SAFETY PROGRAM AND

STRICTLY ADHERE TO ITS RULES.

Standard Safety Guidelines For protection, all range personnel should follow these safety guidelines:

• Establish and follow a range safety plan.

• Keep hands and clothing clear of all moving parts, actuators, motors, etc.

• Use recommended armor in front of actuators, air lines, controllers, fixtures or other vulnerable parts.

• Never place a target in a location that can be seen from anywhere other than the designated firing area.

• Wear eye protection, ear protection, and appropriate protective clothing.

• Vary target placement whenever possible to distribute spent rounds more evenly over bullet trap surfaces.

• Watch for airborne fragments from fired rounds and back splatter from bullets impacting uneven surfaces. Stop all shooting activity and correct the cause of the uncontrolled splatter.

• Follow inspection and maintenance schedules for all Action Target products as directed in your O&M manual.

• Stop all shooting activity and inspect range if smoke and/or sparks are observed where bullets impact.

• Stop all shooting activity and inspect range if there are any changes in the appearance of the bullet trap or other range equipment.

Questions may be directed to Action Target Technical Support:

Telephone: (801) 852-2418 Email: technicalsupport@actiontarget.com Address: Action Target Technical Support

3411 S. Mountain Vista Pkwy mailto:technicalsupport@actiontarget.com

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 RANGE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE / PAGE 1 OF 4

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

The maintenance schedule (high or standard) that a range should follow is ascertained by the number of days it takes to fill the lead collection containers (drums or canisters)* as outlined in the table below.

Ranges with a BCS Auto 55 (screw conveyor system): Average time to change a 55 gallon lead collection drum (change when 2/3 full): 1-10 days 11+ days

Ranges with a BCS Basic 3 (“bucket” system): Average time to change a 3.5 gallon lead collection canister (change when filled to 2-gallon mark): 1-20 days 21+ days

Ranges with a BCS Deluxe 20 (20-gallon drum): Average time to change ALL 20-gallon lead collection drums (change when 80% full or when lead is at a depth of 16 inches): 1-90 days 90+ days

Ranges with a Rubber Berm Trap: Average time to reach 80,000 rounds per lane (60,000 rounds per lane for 6-ft Rubber Berm Traps): 1-120 days 121+ days

Follow maintenance schedule: HIGH STANDARD

Note: Not every maintenance item will apply to your range. Adjust maintenance schedule if range usage varies. New ranges should follow the high use maintenance schedule until usage is determined. For supplementary information about how to perform maintenance, see the product’s operation and maintenance manual.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, it is recommended that personal protective equipment (PPE) designed for lead protection is worn (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

TARGET RETRIEVERS HIGH STANDARD

Check track and bus bars for damage, missing hardware, and holes. Replace as necessary. Daily Daily

Check trolley, trolley wheels, and track end pulley for damage. Replace as necessary. Daily Daily

Send trolley up and down track several times before range use. Daily Daily

Check cable for damage, nicks, or frayed/missing vinyl (if applicable). Replace as necessary. Daily Weekly

Clean track and drive unit. Vacuum/remove unburnt powder and debris (rubber, bullet casings, shotgun wad, wood, etc.) from track rail.** Weekly Every 2 weeks

Check track hanger brackets for damage and that they are securely fastened to the track. Replace brackets/tighten hardware as necessary.

Weekly Monthly

Check dead-stops/rubber bumpers at both ends of track for damage. Replace as necessary. Weekly Monthly

Inspect and clean copper bus-bars with non-metallic Scotchbrite or similar (Mancom Touch Plus retriever only) as necessary.

Quarterly Quarterly

Tension the cable.

2 months after install/replacement. Annually thereafter.

SHOOTING STALLS HIGH STANDARD

Check stall walls for bullet holes. For steel panels, inspect with a flashlight in a darkened room. If holes are discovered, replace stall panel before resuming use of adjacent lanes.* Daily Daily

Check for loose or missing hardware and tighten/replace as necessary. Weekly Weekly

Remove brass or other debris from top of stall walls. Weekly Monthly

BULLET TRAP IMPACT PLATES HIGH STANDARD

Check deflector edges between chambers for deformation or damage. Sharpen or replace as necessary to avoid developing a blunt edge (TCT 4D only).

Daily Weekly

Ensure wall deflectors are fastened properly to the wall. Inspect for looseness and gaps between the deflector and wall.* Daily Weekly

Check for gaps in joint strips on side plates.* Daily Weekly

Vacuum loose lead fragments and jacket material on the bullet trap bottom ramp and trough in front of the ramp (from the shooter side).**

Never deposit any debris (cables, cardboard, etc.) through the mouth of the trap into the deceleration chamber. This may clog the lead evacuation ports and/or damage the Screw Conveyor System.

Weekly Every 2 weeks

Inspect the trap impact plates, paying close attention to the top and bottom plate nearest to the chambers for bowing or damage. If bowing or damage is noted, contact Action Target Customer Service at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately to schedule a technician to replace the plates.

Weekly Every 2 weeks

RANGE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

REVISION 8.0

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 RANGE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE / PAGE 2 OF 4

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

DECELERATION CHAMBER HIGH STANDARD

Check mouth plates (entire width) for 1/2” minimum clearance.* A 1/2” steel or PVC pipe is ideal for performing this check.

Weekly Monthly

With a flashlight, visually inspect chamber (inside mouth from the shooter’s side) to ensure there are no visible obstructions or lead clogs at the base of the chamber.* If you encounter a clogged chamber, try to determine the cause of the blockage. If a large volume of shotgun rounds are shot at the trap, there is a possibility that the plastic wads have created the clog. To clean a clogged chamber, reach through the canister port with a HEPA vacuum hose and draw out all the lead material into the vacuum. If you are unable to remove the lead clog, stop use immediately and report to an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418.

Weekly Monthly

Inspect the tightness of shell cams. If the cams have loosened (as indicated by the cam not being aligned with the white location mark on the rib or shell), tighten cams to a minimum of 600 ft-lbs.

using an approved cam tool and 1” torque wrench. Cam tool can be purchased through ATI customer service (+1 877 852-2418).

Weekly Monthly

Inspect back of deceleration chambers. Damage/bulging may indicate use of non-approved ammunition or excessive wear*. The first likely place of wear on the Vortex is at the mouth of the deceleration chamber at the rear shell. After excessive wear, this portion of the chamber may eventually breach (although this is rare) and allow bullets to escape.

Monthly Monthly

A thorough inspection and cleaning of chamber performed by an approved ATI technician is recommended. Schedule an appointment through ATI Customer Service (+1 877 852-2418).

Annually Every 2 years

BCS BASIC 3 (3-GALLON CANISTERS) HIGH STANDARD

Check canister lead levels. Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Empty canisters that are 60% full (filled to the 2-gallon mark) only. See the operation and maintenance manual for lead removal instructions.

Daily Daily

Check the top of each collection canister to make sure it is firmly seated against the gasket and cannot leak lead dust. If necessary, tighten the clamping nuts on the appropriate side of the canister (there are 4 clamping nuts) to pull the canister up firmly, but not too tight, against the gasket. Make a note of the level of lead in the canisters. Compare this level with the previous week’s level. If there is little or no lead accumulating in the canisters, the chamber may be clogged. Inspect the chamber immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

Weekly Weekly

Inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary. Every time a canister is removed from the trap

BCS DELUXE 20 (20-GALLON DRUMS) HIGH STANDARD

Shine a flashlight into the sight window to check drum lead levels. Drums may not fill at the same rate.

Only replace drums that are 80% full (filled to 16” depth). See the operation and maintenance manual for drum replacement instructions.

Daily Every other day

Check the lid clamp of each drum to make sure it is firmly sealed and cannot leak lead dust. Make note of the lead level in the drums. Compare this level with the level from the previous week. If there is little-to-no lead accumulating in the drums, the chamber may be clogged and should be inspected immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

Weekly Weekly

Inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary. Every time a drum is removed from the trap

BCS AUTO 55 (SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM) HIGH STANDARD

Check 55-gallon lead collection drum and empty when it is 2/3 full. Daily Daily

Add 1/2 cup mineral oil to lower section of uptake screw conveyor (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs in operation and maintenance manual).

Every 2 days Weekly

Inspect the uptake screw conveyor trough and transition section (where the horizontal and uptake screw conveyor meet). If there is a blockage, shut down power and follow instructions from an Action Target customer service representative* (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs are found in the operation and maintenance manual).

Weekly Every 2 weeks

Shut down and lockout power. Vacuum** any loose lead dust in uptake trough, focusing primarily on the “T” section where fine lead particulates accumulate. Note: Rotate the auger manually for easier access to this area. Contact an Action Target customer service representative for directions or if there is any hard lead buildup in the uptake trough.*

Weekly Monthly

Check oil level in gearbox and for leaks. Replace oil as necessary. Monthly Monthly

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 RANGE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE / PAGE 3 OF 4

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

Check timer program is working properly according to range length and maintenance schedule (see table below). Note: If timer differs from timer displayed in the O&M manual, contact Action Target Customer Service.

HIGH VOLUME RANGE STANDARD VOLUME RANGE

RANGE LENGTH > 80 ft. ≤ 80 ft. > 80 ft. ≤ 80 ft.

RUN DURATION 10 min. 5 min. 10 min. 5 min.

RUN FREQUENCY 7x/day 7x/day 4x/day 4x/day

Every 6 months Every 6 months

Verify proper overload settings (see operation and maintenance manual for settings). Annually Annually

Grease bearing zerks at base of the uptake auger. Annually Annually

Tighten the adjusting bolts of the gland seal assembly. Annually Annually

! Note the specific safety procedures in the screw conveyor operations and maintenance manual. Make sure the trough cover is securely reattached before restoring power.

DUST COLLECTION UNIT (DCU) HIGH STANDARD

Check canister lead levels (shine a flashlight on the canister to improve visibility). Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Only empty canisters once they reach 50% full.

Daily Daily

When DCU is operating, check photohelic run needle is within range (low point: 0.5; high point: 3.5). Weekly Weekly

Check air pressure in compressor is 90 - 125 psi. Drain compressor tank condensation. Weekly Weekly

Check oil level in the air compressor. Replace oil as necessary and check for/repair leaks. Weekly Monthly

Check purge cycler is functioning (see operation and maintenance manual for procedure). Monthly Monthly

Test automatic breach detection circuitry if applicable (ear protection is essential). Every 6 months Every 6 months

RUBBER BERM TRAP HIGH STANDARD

Remove lead ingots/accumulation as well as foreign media and materials (shotgun wads, wood splinters, cardboard, etc.) from rubber.

Daily Daily

Use a yard stick/ruler to check that depth of rubber across the berm is a uniform thickness of two feet minimum.* Use a metal rake to draw rubber over thinner areas.

Daily Daily

Ensure trap fins have not become damaged to the point they are unable to prevent the rubber from sliding off the berm.*

Daily Daily

Check overhead hopper and refill if needed. Small bags or buckets and a shovel works well for this purpose. A ladder will be necessary.

Daily Daily

Ensure 50% of fire retardant coating is visible on the surface of the rubber. If less than 50% is visible, contact an Action Target customer service representative to reapply fire retardant or follow re-application instructions in the operation and maintenance manual.

Quarterly Quarterly

Contact an Action Target customer service representative to remove bullets from trap. Approximately every 60k - 80k rounds per lane

PNEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMS HIGH STANDARD

Check target lines for air leaks. Repair as necessary. Daily Daily

Check compressor oil level and refill if necessary. Daily Daily

Drain compressor tank condensation. Daily Daily

Actuate targets. Weekly Weekly

Check compressor drive belts and replace after noticeable cracks or fraying. Monthly Monthly

Check target control module (TCM) cooling fans are operating correctly. Vacuum TCM filters. Monthly Monthly

Change synthetic oil in the compressor and replace air filter using OEM parts to protect warranty per manual instructions.

Annually Annually

Service air dryers per operation and maintenance manual instructions. Annually Annually

! Never use lubricants or penetrants (WD-40) on target valves or actuators.

! If desiccant or refrigerated air dryers are used, consult the individual product’s operation and maintenance manual.

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 RANGE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE / PAGE 4 OF 4

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

RUNNING TARGET SYSTEMS HIGH STANDARD

Inspect track for damage and remove any debris. Daily Daily

Check cable tension and check cable for fraying.

Daily for the first month.

Weekly thereafter.

Daily for the first month.

Weekly thereafter.

GENERAL RANGE MAINTENANCE HIGH STANDARD

Visually inspect wall baffles and ceiling tiles for damage (damaged cables, bolts, deflectors, etc.)* Daily Daily

Clean stall walls and tables with a lead-removing, residue-free cleaner (must be safe for ABS plastics, polycarbonate and glass. D-Lead cleaners are recommended).

Weekly Monthly

Vacuum powder and debris from shooting stall walls and/or tables.** Weekly Monthly

Vacuum lead dust behind the trap: below bullet trap bottom ramp; above bullet trap upper ramp plates; out of, around, and behind the deceleration chamber.** Begin vacuuming as you enter the area. If you enter through a door, vacuum the door off first. Vacuum the floor and any flat areas where dust may accumulate. Do not move through an area you have not yet cleaned.

Never use a broom, a shovel, compressed air or any other means to move dry lead dust. This will disturb the lead into the air, which is hazardous to health.

Do not use a vacuum cleaner with a beater brush. The vacuum should rely solely on suction to extract dust.

If your system has no container system, you may be able to vacuum all lead fragments right up off the floor. However, if the volume of lead is greater than the capacity of your HEPA vacuum, you should consider the containment canister option or a bigger HEPA vacuum.

If you need assistance with obtaining equipment such as a HEPA vacuum cleaner, contact Action Target.

Every 2 months Every 4 months

COPY AS NEEDED

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 1 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

MONTH/YEAR

TARGET RETRIEVERS CHECK OFF/INTIAL BOXES

Check track and bus bars for damage, missing hardware, and holes.

Replace as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check trolley, trolley wheels, and track end pulley for damage. Replace as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Send trolley up and down track several times before range use.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check cable for damage, nicks, or frayed/missing vinyl (if applicable).

Replace as necessary.

7 14

21 28

Clean track and drive unit. Vacuum/remove unburnt powder and debris (rubber, bullet casings, shotgun wad, wood, etc.)

from track rail.**

Check track hanger brackets for damage and that they are securely fastened to the track. Replace brackets/tighten hardware as necessary.

Check dead-stops/rubber bumpers at both ends of track for damage.

Replace as necessary.

SHOOTING STALLS

Check stall walls for bullet holes. For steel panels, inspect with a flashlight in a darkened room. If holes are discovered, replace stall panel before resuming use of adjacent lanes.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check for loose or missing hardware and tighten/replace as necessary.

7 14

21 28

Remove brass or other debris from top of stall walls.

BULLET TRAP IMPACT PLATES

Check deflector edges between chambers for deformation or damage. Sharpen or replace as necessary to avoid developing a blunt edge (TCT 4D only).

7 14

21 28

Ensure wall deflectors are fastened properly to the wall. Inspect for looseness and gaps between the deflector and wall.*

7 14

21 28

MAINTENANCE LOG - STANDARD USE RANGE

REVISION 6.0

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 2 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face

Check for gaps in joint strips on side plates.* 7 14

21 28

Vacuum loose lead fragments and jacket material on the bullet trap bottom ramp and trough in front of the ramp (from the shooter side).**

Never deposit any debris (cables, cardboard, etc.) through the mouth of the trap into the deceleration chamber. This may clog the lead evacuation ports and/or damage the Screw Conveyor System.

Inspect trap impact plates, paying close attention to the top and bottom plates nearest the chambers for bowing/damage. If noted, contact Action Target at +1 (877) 852-2418 to schedule a technician to replace the plates.

DECELERATION CHAMBER

Check mouth plates (entire width) for 1/2” minimum clearance.* A 1/2” steel or PVC pipe is ideal for performing this check. 28

With a flashlight, visually inspect chamber (inside mouth from the shooter’s side) to ensure there are no visible obstructions or lead clogs at the base of the chamber.* If you encounter a clogged chamber, try to determine the cause of the blockage.

If a large volume of shotgun rounds are shot at the trap, there is a possibility that the plastic wads have created the clog. To clean a clogged chamber, reach through the canister port with a HEPA vacuum hose and draw out all the lead material into the vacuum. If you are unable to remove the lead clog, stop use immediately and report to an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418.

Inspect the tightness of shell cams. If the cams have loosened (as indicated by the cam not being aligned with the white location mark on the rib or shell), tighten cams to a minimum of 600 ft-lbs. using an approved cam tool and 1” torque wrench. Cam tool can be purchased through ATI customer service (+1 877 852-2418).

Inspect back of deceleration chambers. Damage/bulging may indicate use of non-approved ammunition or excessive wear*.

The first likely place of wear on the Vortex is at the mouth of the deceleration chamber at the rear shell. After excessive wear, this portion of the chamber may eventually breach (although this is rare) and allow bullets to escape.

BCS BASIC 3 (3-GALLON CANISTERS)

Check canister lead levels. Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Empty canisters that are 60% full (filled to the 2-gallon mark) only. See the operation and maintenance manual for lead removal instructions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check the top of each collection canister to make sure it is firmly seated against the gasket and cannot leak lead dust. If necessary, tighten the clamping nuts on the appropriate side of the canister (there are 4 clamping nuts) to pull the canister up firmly, but not too tight, against the gasket. Make a note of the level of lead in the canisters. Compare this level with the previous week’s level. If there is little or no lead accumulating in the canisters, the chamber may be clogged. Inspect the chamber immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

7 14

21 28

Whenever you replace a canister, inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 3 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face

BCS DELUXE 20 (20-GALLON DRUMS)

Shine a flashlight into the sight window to check drum lead levels. Drums may not fill at the same rate. Only replace drums that are 80% full (filled to 16” depth). See the operation and maintenance manual for drum replacement instructions.

1 3 5 7 9 11 14

15 17 19 21 23 25 28

29 31

Check the lid clamp of each drum to make sure it is firmly sealed and cannot leak lead dust. Make note of the lead level in the drums. Compare this level with the level from the previous week. If there is little-to-no lead accumulating in the drums, the chamber may be clogged and should be inspected immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

7 14

21 28

Whenever you replace a drum, inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

BCS AUTO 55 (SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM)

Check 55-gallon lead collection drum and empty when it is 2/3 full.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Add 1/2 cup mineral oil to lower section of uptake auger (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs in operation and maintenance manual).

7 14

21 28

Inspect the uptake screw conveyor trough and transition section (where the horizontal and uptake screw conveyor meet). If there is a blockage, shut down power and follow instructions from an Action Target customer service representative* (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs are found in the operation and maintenance manual).

Shut down and lockout power. Vacuum** any loose lead dust in uptake trough, focusing primarily on the “T” section where fine lead particulates accumulate. Note: Rotate auger manually for easier access to this area. Contact Action Target for directions or if there is any hard lead buildup in the uptake trough.*

Shut down power and vacuum loose lead dust in uptake trough (esp. transition section)**. If there is hard lead buildup in transition or uptake, contact Action Target Customer Service.* 28

Check oil level in gearbox and check for leaks. Replace oil as necessary.

! Note the specific safety procedures in the screw conveyor operations and maintenance manual. Make sure the trough cover is securely reattached before restoring power.

DUST COLLECTION UNIT

Check canister lead levels (shine a flashlight on the canister to improve visibility). Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Only empty canisters once they reach 50% full.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

When DCU is operating, check photohelic run needle is within range (low point: 0.5; high point: 3.5).

7 14

21 28

Check air pressure in compressor is 90 - 125 psi. Drain compressor tank condensation.

21 28

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 4 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face

Check oil level in the air compressor. Replace oil as necessary and check for/repair leaks.

Check purge cycler is functioning (see operation and maintenance manual for procedure).

RUBBER BERM TRAP

Remove lead ingots/accumulation as well as foreign media and materials (shotgun wads, wood splinters, cardboard, etc.) from rubber.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Use a yard stick/ruler to check that depth of rubber across the berm is a uniform thickness of two feet minimum.* Use a metal rake to draw rubber over thinner areas.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Ensure trap fins have not become damaged to the point they are unable to prevent the rubber from sliding off the berm.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check overhead hopper and refill if needed. Small bags or buckets and a shovel works well for this purpose. A ladder will be necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

PNEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMS

Check target lines for air leaks. Repair as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check compressor oil level and refill if necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Drain compressor tank condensation.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Actuate targets.

7 14

21 28

Check compressor drive belts and replace after noticeable cracks or fraying.

Check target control module (TCM) cooling fans are operating correctly. Vacuum TCM filters.

! Never use lubricants or penetrants (WD-40) on target valves or actuators.

! If desiccant or refrigerated air dryers are used, consult the individual product’s operation and maintenance manual.

RUNNING TARGET SYSTEMS

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 5 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face

Inspect track for damage and remove any debris.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check cable tension and check cable for fraying (check daily for the first month and then weekly thereafter)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

GENERAL RANGE MAINTENANCE

Visually inspect wall baffles and ceiling tiles for damage (damaged cables, bolts, deflectors, etc.)*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Clean stall walls & tables with lead removing cleaner (safe for ABS plastics, polycarbonate & glass). Recommended: D-Lead cleaners. 28

Vacuum powder/debris from shooting stall walls and/or tables.**

LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE ITEMS

TARGET RETRIEVERS

Tension the cable. 2 months after install/replacement and annually thereafter

Inspect and clean copper bus-bars with non-metallic Scotchbrite or similar (Mancom Touch Plus retriever only) as necessary.

Quarterly

DECELERATION CHAMBER

A thorough inspection and cleaning of chamber performed by an approved ATI technician is recommended. Schedule an appointment through ATI Customer Service (+1 877 852-2418).

Every 2 years

SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Check timer program is working properly according to range length and maintenance schedule (see table below). Note: If timer differs from timer displayed in the O&M manual, contact Action Target Customer Service.

HIGH VOLUME RANGE STANDARD VOLUME RANGE

RANGE LENGTH > 80 ft. ≤ 80 ft. > 80 ft. ≤ 80 ft.

RUN DURATION 10 min. 5 min. 10 min. 5 min.

RUN FREQUENCY 7x/day 7x/day 4x/day 4x/day

Every 6 months

Verify proper overload settings (see operation and maintenance manual for settings). Annually

Grease bearing zerks at base of the uptake auger. Annually

Tighten the adjusting bolts of the gland seal assembly. Annually

! Note the specific safety procedures in the screw conveyor operations and maintenance manual. Make sure the trough cover is securely reattached before restoring power.

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 STANDARD USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 6 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face

DUST COLLECTION UNIT

Test automatic breach detection circuitry if applicable (ear protection is essential). Every 6 months

RUBBER BERM TRAP

Ensure 50% of fire retardant coating is visible on the surface of the rubber. If less than 50% is visible, contact an Action Target customer service representative to reapply fire retardant or follow re-application instructions in the manual.

Quarterly

Contact an Action Target customer service representative to remove bullets from trap. Approximately every 60k - 80k rounds per lane

PNEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMS

Change synthetic oil in the compressor and replace air filter using OEM parts to protect warranty per operation and maintenance manual instructions.

Annually

Service air dryers per operation and maintenance manual instructions. Annually

GENERAL RANGE MAINTENANCE

Vacuum lead dust behind the trap: below bullet trap bottom ramp; above bullet trap upper ramp plates; out of, around, and behind the deceleration chamber.** Begin vacuuming as you enter the area. If you enter through a door, vacuum the door off first. Vacuum the floor and any flat areas where dust may accumulate. Do not move through an area you have not yet cleaned.

Never use a broom, a shovel, compressed air or any other means to move dry lead dust. This will disturb the lead into the air, which is hazardous to health.

Do not use a vacuum cleaner with a beater brush. The vacuum should rely solely on suction to extract dust.

If your system has no container system, you may be able to vacuum all lead fragments right up off the floor. However, if the volume of lead is greater than the capacity of your HEPA vacuum, you should consider the containment canister option or a bigger HEPA vacuum.

If you need assistance with obtaining equipment such as a HEPA vacuum cleaner, contact

Every 4 months

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 HIGH USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 1 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

MONTH/YEAR

TARGET RETRIEVERS CHECK OFF/INTIAL BOXES

Check track and bus bars for damage, missing hardware, and holes.

Replace as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check trolley, trolley wheels, and track end pulley for damage. Replace as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Send trolley up and down track several times before range use.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check cable for damage, nicks, or frayed/missing vinyl (if applicable).

Replace as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Clean track and drive unit. Vacuum/remove unburnt powder and debris (rubber, bullet casings, shotgun wad, wood, etc.)

from track rail.**

7 14

21 28

Check track hanger brackets for damage and that they are securely fastened to the track. Replace brackets/tighten hardware as necessary.

7 14

21 28

Check dead-stops/rubber bumpers at both ends of track for damage.

Replace as necessary.

7 14

21 28

SHOOTING STALLS

Check stall walls for bullet holes. For steel panels, inspect with a flashlight in a darkened room. If holes are discovered, replace stall panel before resuming use of adjacent lanes.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check for loose or missing hardware and tighten/replace as necessary.

7 14

21 28

Remove brass or other debris from top of stall walls.

7 14

21 28

BULLET TRAP IMPACT PLATES

Check deflector edges between chambers for deformation or damage. Sharpen or replace as necessary to avoid developing a blunt edge (TCT 4D only).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

MAINTENANCE LOG - HIGH USE RANGE

REVISION 6.0

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 HIGH USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 2 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

Ensure wall deflectors are fastened properly to the wall. Inspect for gaps between the deflector and wall.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check for gaps in joint strips on side plates.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Vacuum loose lead fragments and jacket material on the bullet trap bottom ramp and trough in front of the ramp (from the shooter side).**

7 14

21 28

Never deposit any debris (cables, cardboard, etc.) through the mouth of the trap into the deceleration chamber. This may clog the lead evacuation ports and/or damage the Screw Conveyor System.

Inspect trap impact plates, paying close attention to the top and bottom plates nearest the chambers for bowing/damage. If noted, contact Action Target at +1 (877) 852-2418 to schedule a technician to replace the plates.

7 14

21 28

DECELERATION CHAMBER

Check mouth plates (entire width) for 1/2” minimum clearance.* A 1/2” steel or PVC pipe is ideal for performing this check.

7 14

21 28

With a flashlight, visually inspect chamber (inside mouth from the shooter’s side) to ensure there are no visible obstructions or lead clogs at the base of the chamber.* If you encounter a clogged chamber, try to determine the cause of the blockage.

If a large volume of shotgun rounds are shot at the trap, there is a possibility that the plastic wads have created the clog. To clean a clogged chamber, reach through the canister port with a HEPA vacuum hose and draw out all the lead material into the vacuum. If you are unable to remove the lead clog, stop use immediately and report to an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418.

7 14

21 28

Inspect the tightness of shell cams. If the cams have loosened (as indicated by the cam not being aligned with the white location mark on the rib or shell), tighten cams to a minimum of 600 ft-lbs. using an approved cam tool and 1” torque wrench. Cam tool can be purchased through ATI customer service (+1 877 852-2418).

7 14

21 28

Inspect back of deceleration chambers. Damage/bulging may indicate use of non-approved ammunition or excessive wear*.

The first likely place of wear on the Vortex is at the mouth of the deceleration chamber at the rear shell. After excessive wear, this portion of the chamber may eventually breach (although this is rare) and allow bullets to escape.

BCS BASIC 3 (3-GALLON CANISTERS)

Check canister lead levels. Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Empty canisters that are 60% full (filled to the 2-gallon mark) only. See the operation and maintenance manual for lead removal instructions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check the top of each collection canister to make sure it is firmly seated against the gasket and cannot leak lead dust. If necessary, tighten the clamping nuts on the appropriate side of the canister (there are 4 clamping nuts) to pull the canister up firmly, but not too tight, against the gasket. Make a note of the level of lead in the canisters. Compare this level with the previous week’s level. If there is little or no lead accumulating in the canisters, the chamber may be clogged. Inspect the chamber immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 HIGH USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 3 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

Whenever you replace a canister, inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

BCS DELUXE 20 (20-GALLON DRUMS)

Shine a flashlight into the sight window to check drum lead levels. Drums may not fill at the same rate. Only replace drums that are 80% full (filled to 16” depth). See the operation and maintenance manual for drum replacement instructions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check the lid clamp of each drum to make sure it is firmly sealed and cannot leak lead dust. Make note of the lead level in the drums. Compare this level with the level from the previous week. If there is little-to-no lead accumulating in the drums, the chamber may be clogged and should be inspected immediately before the problem escalates. This is necessary even if you have a Dust Collection Unit.

7 14

21 28

Whenever you replace a drum, inspect evacuation ports for blockages. Clear debris as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

BCS AUTO 55 (SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM)

Check 55-gallon lead collection drum and empty when it is 2/3 full.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Add 1/2 cup mineral oil to lower section of uptake auger (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs in operation and maintenance manual).

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

16 18 20 22 24 26 28

Inspect the uptake screw conveyor trough and transition section (where the horizontal and uptake screw conveyor meet). If there is a blockage, shut down power and follow instructions from an Action Target customer service representative* (detailed instructions and mineral oil specs are found in the operation and maintenance manual).

7 14

21 28

Shut down and lockout power. Vacuum** any loose lead dust in uptake trough, focusing primarily on the “T” section where fine lead particulates accumulate. Note: Rotate auger manually for easier access to this area. Contact Action Target for directions or if there is any hard lead buildup in the uptake trough.*

7 14

21 28

Check oil level in gearbox and check for leaks. Replace oil as necessary.

! Note the specific safety procedures in the screw conveyor operations and maintenance manual. Make sure the trough cover is securely reattached before restoring power.

DUST COLLECTION UNIT

Check canister lead levels (shine a flashlight on the canister to improve visibility). Canisters will not fill at the same rate. Only empty canisters once they reach 50% full.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

When DCU is operating, check photohelic run needle is within range (low point: 0.5; high point: 3.5).

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 HIGH USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 4 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

Check air pressure in compressor is 90 - 125 psi. Drain compressor tank condensation.

7 14

21 28

Check oil level in the air compressor. Replace oil as necessary and check for/repair leaks.

7 14

21 28

Check purge cycler is functioning (see operation and maintenance manual for procedure).

RUBBER BERM TRAP

Remove lead ingots/accumulation as well as foreign media and materials (shotgun wads, wood splinters, cardboard, etc.) from rubber.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Use a yard stick/ruler to check that depth of rubber across the berm is a uniform thickness of two feet minimum.* Use a metal rake to draw rubber over thinner areas.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Ensure trap fins have not become damaged to the point they are unable to prevent the rubber from sliding off the berm.*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check overhead hopper and refill if needed. Small bags or buckets and a shovel works well for this purpose. A ladder will be necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

PNEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMS

Check target lines for air leaks. Repair as necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check compressor oil level and refill if necessary.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Drain compressor tank condensation.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Actuate targets.

7 14

21 28

Check compressor drive belts and replace after noticeable cracks or fraying.

Check target control module (TCM) cooling fans are operating correctly. Vacuum TCM filters.

! Never use lubricants or penetrants (WD-40) on target valves or actuators.

! If desiccant or refrigerated air dryers are used, consult the individual product’s operation and maintenance manual.

ACTIONTARGET.COM / SERVICE@ACTIONTARGET.COM / 877.852.2418 HIGH USE RANGE MAINTENANCE LOG / PAGE 5 OF 6

*Warning: Stop use and contact an Action Target customer service representative at +1 (877) 852-2418 immediately.

**Use explosion proof HEPA vacuums only. Contact Action Target with any questions regarding the vacuum.

When in contact with lead fragments and dust, wear personal protective equipment designed for lead protection (e.g. Tyvek suits; full face respirators; eye protection; and foot/hand/head coverings).

RUNNING TARGET SYSTEMS

Inspect track for damage and remove any debris.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Check cable tension and check cable for fraying (check daily for the first month and then weekly thereafter)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

GENERAL RANGE MAINTENANCE

Visually inspect wall baffles and ceiling tiles for damage (damaged cables, bolts, deflectors, etc.)*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30 31

Clean stall walls & tables with lead removing cleaner (safe for ABS plastics, polycarbonate & glass). Recommended: D-Lead cleaners.

7 14

21 28

Vacuum powder/debris from shooting stall walls and/or tables.**

7 14

21 28

LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE ITEMS

TARGET RETRIEVERS

Tension the cable. 2 months after install/replacement and annually thereafter

Inspect and clean copper bus-bars with non-metallic Scotchbrite or similar (Mancom Touch Plus retriever only) as necessary

Quarterly

DECELERATION CHAMBER

A thorough inspection and cleaning of chamber performed by an approved ATI technician is recommended. Schedule an appointment through ATI Customer Service (+1 877 852-2418).

Annually

SCREW CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Check timer program is working properly according to range length and maintenance schedule (see table below).