ASME_B30.2-2005.pdf

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By the Authority Vested By Part 5 of the United States Code § 552(a) and Part 1 of the Code of Regulations § 51 the attached document has been duly INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE and shall be considered legally binding upon all citizens and residents of the United States of America.

HEED THIS NOTICE: Criminal penalties may apply for noncompliance.

Official Incorporator:

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Document Name:

CFR Section(s):

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e ASME B30.2-2005: Overhead and Gantry Cranes

29 CFR 1926.1438

75 FR 48135, Aug. 9, 2010

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Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder,Top Running Trolley Hoist)

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

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Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricl(s, Hoists, Hool(s, Jacl(s, and Slings

Reproduced By IHS With The Permission Of ASME

: ,'i, . L Under Royalty Agreement

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Date of Issuance: December 30, 2005

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2008. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of the Standard.

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.

ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2005 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All' rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

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CONTENTS

Foreword.............................................................................. v

Committee Roster ..................................................................... vi

Introduction ........................................................................... viii

Summary of Changes .................................................................. x

Chapter 2-0 Section 2-0.1 Section 2-0.2 Section 2-0.3

Chapter 2-1 Section 2-1.1 Section 2-1.2 Section 2-1.3 Section 2-1.4 Section 2-1.5 Section 2-1.6 Section 2-1.7 Section 2-1.8 Section 2-1.9 Section 2-1.10 Section 2-1.11 Section 2-1.12 Section 2-1.13 Section 2-1.14 Section 2-1.15

Section 2-1.16

Chapter 2-2 Section 2-2.1 Section 2-2.2 Section 2-2.3 Section 2-2.4

Chapter 2-3 Section 2-3.1 Section 2-3.2 Section 2-3.3 Section 2-3.4 Section 2-3.5

Figures

Scope, Definitions, and References Scope of B30.2 Definitions References

General Construction and Installation Markings Clearances General Construction - Runways and Supporting Structure Crane Construction Cabs - Normal or Skeleton (if Provided) Lubrication Service Platforms (Footwalks) Stops and Bumpers Rail Sweeps Guards for Moving Parts Truck Frame Drop Brakes and Braking Means Electrical Equipment Hoisting Equipment Warning Devices or Means for a Crane With a Power-Traveling

Mechanism Manual ...... '"

Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Inspection Testing Maintenance Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance

Operation Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators Handling the Load Signals Miscellaneous '" Crane Lockout/Tagout

Cantilever Gantry Crane Gantry Crane Overhead Crane Semigantry Crane Wall Crane Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Three-

Motor Crane) Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches (Four-

Motor Crane) iii

.12

8 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button Station Arrangement)

9 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane Control Transmitter Lever Arrangement)

10 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Overhead and Gantry Cranes iv

FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).

This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when a Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented to the annual meeting of the ASME.

Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USA Standards Institute), the Department of Labor - State of New Jersey, tlle Department of Labor and Industry - State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association.

On June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved tlle ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee's recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Depart ment of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.

In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and tlle Committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was created from tlle eight-page document referred to in tlle first paragraph. This document was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.

Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American National Standards Committee on January 31,1962, witl139 members representing 27 national organiza tions.

The format of tlle previous code was changed so tllat separate volumes (each complete as to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would cover the different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.

In 1982, tlle Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by the American National Standards Institute.

This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and otller regulatory bodies and municipal autllorities responsible for tlle guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance Witll both types may be required by employers of tlleir employees.

In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative or regulatory authority may grant variances from tlle literal requirements or permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident tllat an equivalent degree of protection is tllereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretap.on of tllis Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section III of tlle Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.

This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by tlle B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on September 19,2005.

Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit tee consideration of factors such as teclmological advances, new data, and changing environmental and industrial needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.

v

ASME 830 STANDARDS COMMITTEE

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

P. S. Zorich, Chair B. D. Closson, Vice Chair J. D. Wendler, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.

R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.

R. J. Bolen, Consultant G. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. Dupont A. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.

D. Ritchie, Alternate, The Construction Safety Council T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/liberty Mutual

Insurance M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Group B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.

T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.

S. Cloutier, U.s. Department of Labor J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.

R. M. Lovgren, Alternate, Crane Partner International R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics Group J. W. Downs, Jr., Alternate, Downs Crane and Hoist Co.

L. D. DeMark, International Union of Operating Engineers S. C. Buck, Alternate, International Union of Operating Engineers D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and Associates R. J. Edwards, Schwing America D. R. Remus, Alternate, Reed Manufacturing J. L. Gordon, Acco Chain and Lifting Products N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp./Power Crane & Shovel Association E. D. Fidler, Alternate, Grove Worldwide J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America R. M. Parnell, Alternate, Industrial Training International C. W. Ireland, National Oilwell A. Egging, Alternate, National Oilwell L. S. Johnson, American Equipment Co.

E. P. Vliet, Alternate. Nichols Construction Co.

R. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering Service H. I. Shapiro, Alternate, Specialized Carriers and Rigging

Association/Howard I. Shapiro & Associates C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group vi

P. A. Boeckman, Alternate, The Crosby Group E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

M. G. Miller, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire Rope

Technical Board D. M. Sieightholm, Alternate, Bridon America Corp.

K. J. Miller, Jacobs Engineering D. W. Smith, Alternate, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co.

G. L. Owens, Granite Construction, Inc.

J. T. Perkins, Ingersoll-Rand H. G. Leidich, Alternate, Ingersoll-Rand J. E. Richardson, u.s. Department of the Navy W. P. Rollins, Manitowoc Crane Group M. E. Brunet, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane Group J. W. Rowland III, Consultant E. E. Rudy, U.S. Department of the Army J. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.

A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson Construction D. Sayenga, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators D. J. Bishop, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.

G. W. Shields, Caterpillar, Inc.

W. J. Smith Jr., Maxim Crane Works R. G. Strain, Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.

J. B. Hamill, Alternate, Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.

A. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling B. E. Weir Jr., National Erectors Association/Norris Brothers

Co., Inc.

J. Conant, Alternate, Conant Crane Rental CO.

J. D. Wendler, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers S_ G. Testerman, Alternate, u.s. Army Corps of Engineers D. N. Wolff, National Crane Corp.

A. L. Calta, Alternate, National Crane Corp.

P. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.

H. W. Fair, Alternate, H. Fair Associates, Inc.

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HONORARY MEMBERS

J. M. Klibert, Lift·AIl Co., Inc.

R. W. Parry, Consultant

B30.2 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

J. W. Rowland, Chair, Consultant A. R. Toth, Vice Chair, Morris Material Handling J. J. Breen, Jr., U.S. Department of the Navy J. c. Burrichter, U.s. Department of Labor B. M. Casey, Electric Boat T. W. Elmy, Pro Crane Services J. L. Franks, Consultant vii

W. R. Gedgard, U.S. Department of the Navy J. L. Gordon, Acco Chain and Lifting Products J. D. Kerr, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting R. H. Reuss, P&H Material Handling G. V. Stanic, Globex Corp.

(05)

SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS,

JACKS, AND SLINGS

830 STANDARD INTRODUCTION

SECTION I: SCOPE

The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-handling related equipment. ~o: the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been diVIded into separate volumes. Each Volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 Standards Committee and has successfully completed a consensus approval process under the general auspices of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Standard comprises the following volumes:

B30.1 Jacks B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

B30.3 B30A B30.5 B30.6 B30.7 B30.8 B30.9 B30.10 B30.11 B30.12 B30.13

Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist) Construction Tower Cranes Portal, Tower, and Pedestal Cranes Mobile and Locomotive Cranes Derricks Base Mounted Drum Hoists Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks Slings Hooks Monorails and Underhung Cranes Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated Equipment

B30.14 Side Boom Tractors B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes

(NOTE: B30.15-1973 has been withdrawn.

The revision of B30.15 is included in the latest edition of B30.5).

B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist) B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running

B30.19 B30.20 B30.21 B30.22 B30.23

Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist) Cableways Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices Manually Lever Operated Hoists Articulating Boom Cranes Personnel Lifting Systems viii

B30.24 B30.25 B30.26 B30.27 B30.28

Container Cranes1

Scrap and Material Handlers Rigging Hardware Material Placement Srstems Balance Lifting Units

SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

The B30 Standard does not apply to track and automo tive jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, ship board cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment, or equipment covered under the scope of the following standards: AlO, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56, and B77.

SECTION III: PURPOSE

The B30 Standard is intended to

(a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other wise provide forthe protection of life,limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements

(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with or respon sible for its application

(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives

SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

This Standard may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for gov ernmental use, the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern mental authorities.

SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE

(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be one year after its date of issuance. Construction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this Standard shall conform to the mandatory requirements of this Standard.

1 These volumes are currently in development.

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(b) Existing Installations. Equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be subject to the inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require ments of this Standard after the effective date.

It is not the intent of this volume of the B30 Standard to require reh'ofitting of existing equipment. However, when an item is being modified, its performance require ments shall be reviewed relative to the requirements within the current volume. The need to meet the current requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 year.

SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Requirements of this Standard are characterized by use of the word shall. Recommendations of this Standard are characterized by the word should.

SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS

This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as US. Customary units. The values stated in customary units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are a direct (soft) conversion from the customary units.

SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION

The B30 Standards Committee will consider requests for revision of any of the volumes within the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to:

Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

The requests should be in the following format:

Volume: Cite the designation and title of tlle volume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and tlle relevant heading(s).

Request: Indicate the suggested revision.

Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested revision.

Upon receipt by tlle Secretary, tlle request will be forwarded to tlle relevant B30 Subcommittee for consid eration and action. Correspondence will be provided to the requester defining the actions undertaken by the B30 Standards Committee.

SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION

The B30 Standards Committee will render an interpre tation of the provisions of the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to ix

Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

The requests should be in the following format:

Volume:

Edition:

Subject:

Cite tlle designation and title of tlle volume.

Cite the applicable edition of tlle volume.

Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and tlle relevant heading(s).

Question: Phrase the question as a request for an inter pretation of a specific provision suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. Plans or drawmgs that explain tlle question may be submitted to clarify tlle question. However, tlley should not contain any proprietary names or information.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for a draft response, which will tllen be subject to approval by tlle B30 Standards Committee prior to its formal issuance.

Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be published in the subsequent edition of the respective .volume, and will be available online at http://cstools.asme.org.

SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

The equipment covered by the B30 Standard is subject to hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and com.

mon sense. It is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are competent, careful, physically and mentally quali fied, and trained in the proper operation of tlle equip ment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include, but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load, obstructing the free passage of tlle load, and using equip ment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.

The B30 Standards Committee fully realizes the importance of proper design factors, minimum or maxi mum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wire rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums, and similar equipment covered by the standard, all of which are closely connected witll safety. Sizes, strengths, and similar criteria are dependent on many different factors, often varying with tlle installation and uses. These factors depend on the condition of the equip ment or materialj on the loads; on the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drumsj on tlle type of attachmentsj on the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or other partsj on environmental conditions causing corrosion or wearj and on many vari ables that must be considered in each individual case.

The requirements and recommendations provided in the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judgment used in determining their application.

ASME 830.2-2005

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by the ASME B30 Committee, and after public review, ASME B30.2-2005 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 19, 2005.

The 2005 edition of ASME B30.2 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a margin note, (05).

Page Location Change viii,ix Introduction Revised in its entirety

1 Section 2-0.1 Revised

5,6 Section 2-0.3 Updated

10 2-1.8.2 Revised

10 2-1.8.3 Revised

20 2-2.4.1(a)(1)(d) Revised

21 2-2.4.2(b) Revised

SPECIAL NOTE:

The interpretations to ASME B30.2 are included in this edition as a separate section for the user's convenience.

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ASME 830.2-2005

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

(TOP RUNNING BRIDGE, SINGLE OR MULTIPLE GIRDER,

TOP RUNNING TROLLEY HOISn

Chapter 2-0 Scope, Definitions, and References

(05) SECTION 2-0.1: SCOPE OF 830.2

Volume B30.2 includes provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of hand-operated and power-driven over head and gantry cranes that have a top-running single girder or multiple-girder bridge, with one or more top running trolley hoists used for vertical lifting and low ering of freely suspended, unguided loads consisting of equipment and materials (see Figs. 1 through 5). The requirements included in this Volume also apply to cranes having the same fundamental characteristics such as cantilever gantry cranes, semi-gantry cranes, and wall cranes.

Requirements for a crane used for a special purpose such as, but not limited to, non-vertical lifting service, lifting a guided load, or lifting personnel are not included in this Volume.

SECTION 2-0.2: DEFINITIONS

abno1711al operating conditions: environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a crane, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to adverse weather, corrosive fumes, dust-laden or moisture-laden atmo spheres, and hazardous locations.

administrative or regulatory authority: governmental agency or, in the absence of governmental jurisdiction, the employer.

appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

authorized: appointed by a duly constituted administra tive or regulatory authority.

auxiliary hoist: supplemental hoisting unit usually of lower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist.

boom (of gantry cranes): an extension of the trolley runway that may be raised or retracted to obtain clearance for gantry travel.

boom (of overhead cranes): a horizontal member mounted on the trolley to permit hoisting and lowering the load at a point other than directly under tlle hoist drum or trolley.

brake: a device, other tllan a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

braJce, holding: a friction brake for a hoist that is automati cally applied and prevents motion when power to tlle brake is off.

brake, mechanical load: an automatic type of friction brake used for controlling loads in a lowering direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor to lower a load but does not impose any additional load on the motor when lifting a load.

braking means: a method or device used for stopping/ holding motion by friction or power.

braking, control: a method of controlling speed by remov ing energy from the moving body or by imparting energy in the opposite direction.

braking, countertorque (plugging): a method of controlling speed by reversing tlle motor line voltage polarity or phase sequence to develop torque in the direction oppo site tlle rotation of tlle motor.

braking, dynamic: a method of controlling speed by using the motor as a generator, with tlle energy being dissi pated in resistors.

braking, eddy current: a method of controlling or reducing speed by means of an electrical induction load brake.

braking, emergency: a method of decelerating a drive when power is not available. The braking effort may be established as a result of action by the operator, or automatically when power to the drive is interrupted.

braking, hydraulic: a method of controlling or reducing speed by means of displacement of a liquid.

braking, mechanical: a method of controlling or reducing speed by friction.

braking, pneumatic: a method of controlling or reducing speed by means of compressed gas.

braking, regenerative: a method of controlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the motor is fed back into the power system.

braking, service: a method to decelerate crane motion during normal operation.

bridge: that part of a crane consisting of one or more girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks, and drive mecha nism, which carries the trolley or trolleys.

bridge travel: the crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway.

bumper (buffer): a device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel, or when two moving cranes or trolleys come into contact. This device may be attached to the bridge, trolley, or runway stop.

cab: the operator's compartment on a crane.

cab, normal: operator's compartment used for controlling a cab-operated crane.

cab, skeleton: operator's compartment used for occasional cab operation of a normally floor- or remote-operated crane.

cantilever frame: a structural member that supports the trolley of a wall crane.

clearance: distance. from any part of the crane to the nearest obstruction.

collectors, current: contacting devices for collecting cur rent from runway or bridge conductors.

conductors, bridge: the electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane that transmit control Sig nals and power to the trolley(s).

conductors, runway (main): the electrical conductors located along a crane runway that transmit control sig nals and power to the crane.

controller: a device, or group of devices, that serves to govern, in a predetermined manner, the power delivered directly to the apparatus to which it is connected.

controller, manual: a controller having all of its basic func tions performed by devices that are operated by hand.

controller, spring-return: a controller that, when released, will return automatically to a neutral (off) position.

control panel: an assembly of components (magnetic, static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that governs the flow of power to or from a motor or other equipment in response to signals from a master switch, push-button

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

Fig. 1 Cantilever Gantry Crane station, remote control, automatic program control, or other similar device.

crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism being an integral part of the machine.

crane, automatic: a crane which, when activated, operates through a preset cycle or cycles.

crane, cab-operated: a crane whose movements are con trolled by an operator through the use of controllers located in a cab that is attached to the crane.

crane, cantilever gantry: a gantry or semi gantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides (see Fig. 1).

crane, floor-operated: a crane whose movements are con trolled by an operator through the use of controllers contained in a pendant station suspended from the crane.

crane, gantry: a crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway (see Fig. 2).

crane, molten-material-handling: an overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material.

crane, manually operated: a crane whose hoist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, or whose travel mechanism is driven in the same manner or by manually moving the load or hook.

crane, outdoor: an overhead or gantry crane that operates outdoors and for which provisions are not available for storage in an area that provides protection to the crane from weather conditions. An indoor crane that may operate outdoors on a periodic basis is not classified as an outdoor crane.

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OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

Fig. 2 Gantry Crane t Fig. 3 Overhead Crane crane, overhead: a crane with a single or multiple girder movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure (see Fig. 3).

crane, polar: an overhead or gantry crane that travels on a circular runway.

crane, power-operated: a crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, or internal combustion means.

crane, pulpit-operated: a crane whose movements are con trolled by an operator through the use of controllers located in a control room or a fixed or movable cab or platform, that is independent of the crane.

crane, remote-operated: a crane whose movements are con trolled by an operator through the use of controllers contained in a portable operating station not attached to the crane.

crane, semigantry: a gantry with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being

ASME B30.2-2005

Fig.4 Semigantry Crane

Fig. 5 Wall Crane supported by an end truck running on an elevated rail or runway (see Fig. 4).

crane, standby: a crane not in regular service that is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

crane, wall: a crane having a cantilever frame with or without trolley, and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and oper ates on a runway attached to the side wall or columns (see Fig. 5).

crane service, heavy: service that involves operating at 85 to 100% of rated load or in excess of 10 lift cycles/hr as a regular specified procedure.

crane service, normal: service that involves operating at less than 85% of rated load and not lTl-ore than 10 lift cycles/hr except for isolated instances.

crane service, severe: service that involves normal or heavy service with abnormal operating conditions.

designated person: a person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being com petent to perform specific duties.

drift point: a point on a travel motion master switch or on a manual controller that maintains the brake released while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting.

drum: the cylindrical member around which the ropes are wound for lifting or lowering the load.

end tie: a structural member that connects the ends of the bridge girders to maintain squareness of the bridge.

equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope.

exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded or isolated, and capable of being contacted inadvertently.

gantry leg: the structural member that supports a bridge girder or end tie from the sill.

hazardous (classified) locations: locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified depending on the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids, or gases, or combustible dusts or fibers that may be present and the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concentration or quantity is present (see National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70).

class I locations: locations in which flammable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures.

class II locations: locations that are hazardous because of the presence of combustible dust.

class III locations: locations that are hazardous because of the presence of easily ignitable fibers or flyings, but in which such fibers or flyings are not likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities sufficient to produce ignitable mixtures.

hoist: a machinery unit that:is used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load.

hoist motion: motion that lifts or lowers a load.

hoole, latch-equipped: a type of hook with a mechanical device to close the throat opening of the hook.

lifting devices: devices that are not reeved onto the hoist ropes, such as hook-on buckets, magnets, grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease of hanclling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is to be considered part of the rated load.

limit device: a device that is operated by some part or motion of a power-driven hoist, trolley, or bridge to limit motion.

load: the total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

load blocle: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear ing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting ropes.

locleout/tagout: the placement of a lock/ tag on the energy isolating device in accordance with an established pro cedure.

main hoist: the primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load.

man trolley: a trolley having an operator's cab attached to it.

noncoasting mechanical drive: a drive that automatically results in decelerating a trolley or bridge when power is not available.

normal operating conditions (of cab-operated cranes): condi tions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices, and there is no other person on the crane.

normal operating conditions (of floor-operated cranes): condi tions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices that are attached to the crane but operated with the operator off the crane, and there is no person on the crane.

normal operating conditions (of remote-operated cranes): con ditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices that are not attached to any part of the crane, and there is no person on the crane.

overload: any load greater than the rated load (see para. 2-3.2.1.1).

parts of line: the number of lines of rope supporting the load block.

pendant station: controls suspended from the crane for operating the unit from the floor.

primary upper-limit device: the first device that, when actuated, limits hoisting motion in the upward direction.

qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog nized degree in an applicable field or a certificate of professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.

rail sweep: a device attached to the crane and located in front of the crane's leading wheels to remove obstruc tions.

rated load (capacity): the maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built.

reeving: a system in which a rope travels around drums or sheaves.

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

rope: refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.

runway: an assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framework on which the crane travels.

service platform: a means provided for workers to perform maintenance, inspections, adjustments, and repairs of cranes.

shall: this word indicates that a rule is mandatory and must be followed.

sheave: a grooved wheel or pulley used with a rope to change direction and point of application of a pulling force.

sheave, n0111'unning (equalizer): a sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of the rope. Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave.

sheave, running: a sheave that rotates as the load block is lifted or lowered.

should: this word indicates that a rule is a recommenda tion, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation.

side pull: the portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

sills: horizontal structural members that connect the lower ends of two or more legs of a gantry crane on one runway.

slash (j): a slash (I) denotes and/ or and indicates that two words are to be taken together or individually.

span: the horizontal distance, center to center, between runway rails.

. stop: a device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge.

This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy-absorbing ability.

switch (valve): a device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuit.

switch, emergency stop: a manually actuated switch to disconnect power independently of the regular operating controls.

switch, limit: a device that is actuated by the motion of a part of a power-driven macl1ille or equipment to alter or disconnect the electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuit associated with the machine or equipment.

switch, main (crane disconnect): a switch on the crane controlling the main power supply from the runway conductors.

switch, master: a switch that dominates the operation of contactors, relays, or other remotely operated devices.

switch, mastel~ spring-return: a master switch that, when released, will return automatically to a neutral (off) position.

ASME B30.2-2005

switch, runway disconnect: a switch, usually at floor level, controlling the main power supply to the runway con ductors.

trolley: the unit that travels on the bridge rails and sup ports the load block.

trolley travel: the trolley movement.

truck: a unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles that supports the bridge girders, the end ties of an overhead crane, or the sill of a gantry crane.

unattended: a condition in which the operator of a crane is not at the operating control devices. However, on a floor-operated crane, if the operating control devices are witl1ill sight of tlle operator and witl1ill a distance equal to the span of the crane, tlle crane should be considered attended.

upper block: a fixed block located on a trolley that, tl1l'ough a system of sheaves, bearings, pins, and frame, supports the load block and its load.

SECTION 2-0.3: References (05)

Witl1ill tlle text, references are made to the following publications, copies of which may be obtained 'from the publishers as indicated.

ASD Manual of Steel Construction, 9th Edition, 1989 LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, 2nd Edition, 2nd

Revision, 1998 Publisher: American Institute of Steel Construction

(AISC), Qne East Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60601-

AISE Technical Report No.6, June 1996, Specification for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes for Steel Mill Service

Publisher: Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE), 3 Gateway Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15222

ANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993), Safety Requirements for the Lock Out/Tag Out of Energy Sources

Publisher: American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036

ANSI A14.3-1992, Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders1

ANSI A1264.1-1995 (R2002), Safety Requirements for Workplace Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Rail ing Systems1

Publisher: American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2187

ANSI Z241.2-1999, Safety Requirements for Meltinr and Pouring of Metals in the Metalcasting Industry

Publisher: American Foundrymen's Society (AFS), 505 State Street, Des Plaines, IL 60016

1 May also be obtained from American National Standards hlSti tute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036.

ANSI Z535.4-1998, Product Safety Signs and Labels1

Publisher: National Electrical ManUfacturers Associa tion (NEMA), 2101 L Street, NW, Suite 300, Washing ton, DC 20037-1580

ANSI/ ASCE 7-98, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures1 .

Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4400

ANSI/ AWS D1.1-2002, Structural Welding Code Steel1

ANSI/ AWS DI4.1-97, Specification for Welding of Industrial and Mill Cranes and Other Material Han dling Equipmenr

Publisher: American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW Le Jeune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33126

ANSIjNFPA 70-2002, National Electrical Code1

Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996, Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways - Safety Standard1

Publisher: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096

ASME BI5.1-2000, Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus1

ASME B30.9-1996, Slings ASME B30.10-1999, Hooks1

ASME B30.16-1998, Overhead Hoists (Underhung)l ASME B30.20-1999, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices1

Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300

CMAA Specification No. 70-2000, Specifications for Top Running Bridge and Gantry 'IYPe Multiple Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes

Publisher: Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA), 8720 Red Oak Boulevard, Suite 201, Charlotte, NC 28217

( i \ I o o o

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

Chapter 2-1 General Construction and Installation

SECTION 2-1.1: MARKINGS

2-1.1.1 Rated Load Markings - Crane

TIle rated load of the crane shall be marked on each side of the crane and shall be legible from the ground or floor.

2-1.1.2 Rated Load Markings - Hoists

(a) TIle rated load of the hoist shall be marked on the hoist or trolley unit or its load block and shall be legible from the ground or floor.

(b) If the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist shall have its rated load marked as per para. 2-1. 1.2 (a).

2-1.1.3 Manufacturer's Identification Markings

The crane shall be marked with manufacturer's identi fication information, on a plate or label attached to the crane, as follows:

(a) name and address of manufacturer

(b) manufacturer's model or serial number

(c) voltage of AC or DC power supply and phase and frequency of AC power supply

2-1.1.4 Multiple Hoist Identification Markings

If the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoi::;t shall have an identification marking on the hoist or trolley unit or its load block (i.e., 1 and 2i A and Bi north and southi etc.) and shall be legible from the ground or floor. These markings shall also appear on the controllers used by the operator to indicate the con trollers that operate each hoist.

2-1.1.5 Warnings

(a) Floor-operated and remote-operated cranes shall have a safety label or labels affixed to the pendant sta tion, portable operating station, or load block. TIle label or labels shall be in compliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but not be limited to, cautionary language against

(1) lifting more than rated load

(2) operating hoist when load is not centered under hoist

(3) operating hoist with twisted, kinked, or dam aged chain or rope

(4) operating damaged or malfunctioning crane

(5) lifting people

(6) lifting loads over people

(7) operating a rope hoist with a rope that is not properly seated in its groove

(8) operating manual motions with other than man ual power

(9) removing or obscuring safety label

(b) Cab-operated and pulpit-operated cranes shall have a safety label or labels affixed in the cab or pulpit.

The label or labels shall be in compliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but not be limited to, caution ary language against

(1) lifting more than rated load

(2) operating hoist when load is not centered under hoist

(3) operating hoist with twisted, kinked" or dam-aged chain or rope

(4) operating damaged or malfunctioning crane

(5) lifting people

(6) lifting loads over people

(7) operating a rope hoist with a rope that is not properly seated in its groove

(8) removing or obscuring safety label

(c) A safety label shall be affixed on all electrical con trol enclosures. TIle label shall be in compliance with ANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but not be limited to, information such as the following:

(1) Disconnect power and lockout disconnecting means before removing cover or servicing this equipment.

(2) Do not operate without cover in place.

SECTION 2-1.2: CLEARANCES

2-1.2.1 Clearance From Obstruction

(a) Clearance shall be maintained between the crane and the building, as well as parallel running cranes and cranes operating at a different elevation, under all nor mal operating conditions. In the design of new cranes, all factors that influence clearance, such as wheel float, truss sag, bridge skewing, or trolley positions and con figurations shall be considered.

(b) Where passageways or walkways are provided on the structure supporting the crane, obstructions shall not be placed so that personnel will be jeopardized by movements of the crane.

ASME B30.2-2005

2-1.2.2 Clearance Between Parallel Cranes

1£ the runways of two cranes are parallel, and there are no intervening walls or structures, there shall be clearance provided and maintained between the two bridges.

SECTION 2-1.3: GENERAL CONSTRUCTION -

RUNWAYS AND SUPPORTING

STRUCTURE

2-1.3.1 Foundations and Anchorages

(a) Permanent concrete or masonry foundations shall rest on footings below the frost line except in permafrost.

(b) Every outdoor crane shall be provided with secure fastenings convenient to apply and to hold the crane against a wind pressure of 30 Ib/ft2 (1436 Pa). Parking brakes may be considered minimum compliance with this rule.

(c) Where wind forces are specified to be in excess of 30 Ib/ft2 (1436 Pa), special anchorages, such as latches or tie-downs at the home position, or remotely operated rail clamps for all positions to supplement the primary braking system, shall be provided (ANSI! ASCE 7-88 may be used as a reference for this condition).

(d) Outdoor gantry cranes shall be provided with remotely operated rail clamps or other equivalent devices. Parking brakes may be considered minimum compliance with this rule.

(e) Rail clamps should only be applied when the crane is not in motion.

if) When rails are used for anchorages, they shall be secured to withstand the resultant forces applied by the rail clamps. 1£ the clamps act on the rail, any projection or obstruction in the clamping area shall be avoided.

(g) A wind-indicating device shall be provided for all outdoor cranes. The device shall be mounted on the crane or the crane runway structure and shall give a visible and audible alarm to the crane operator at a predetermined wind velocity. A single wind-indicating device may serve as an alarm for more than one crane.

2-1.3.2 Crane Runways

(a) Construction oj Runways and Rails

(1) The crane runways and supporting structures shall be designed to withstand the loads and forces imposed by the crane. Steel crane runways and support ing structures should conform to the design parameters as specified in the applicable AlSC Manual of Steel Con struction.

(2) Runway columns shall be securely anchored to foundations.

(3) The structure shall be free from detrimental vibration under normal operating conditions.

(4) Rails shall be level, straight, joined, and spaced to the crane span within tolerances as specified in CMAA

OVERHEAD AND GANTRY CRANES

Specification No. 70, or within tolerances that are com patible with special conditions specified by the crane manufacturer or a qualified person.

(5) Where curves are required, special design will be necessary.

(6) Where grades are required, special design will be necessary.

(b) Runway Stops

(1) Stops shall be provided at the limits of travel of the bridge.

(2) Stops shall engage the bumpers or bumper pads mounted on the bridge.

(3) Stops shall be designed to withstand the forces applied to the bumpers, as specified in para. 2-1.8.2(b).

SECTION 2-1.4: CRANE CONSTRUCTION

2-1.4.1 Welded Construction

All welding procedures and welding operator qualifi cations to be used on load-sustaining members shall be in accordance with ANSI/ AWS D1.1, except as modified by ANSI/ AWS D14.1. Where special steels or other materials are used, the manufacturer or qualified person shall provide welding procedUres.

2-1.4.2 Girders

All cranes built after the…