02. Code TS_Final MKL.pdf

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The cornerstone of NASA’s current and future missions

Entry Systems and Technology Division Code TS

David Hash Branch Chief | Code TS

Entry Systems & Technology Division NASA Ames Research Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Exploration Systems Development

Mission Directorate Kennedy Space

Center

Marshall Space Flight Center

Langley Research Center

Stennis Space Center

Johnson Space Center

Armstrong Flight Research Center

Goddard Space Flight Center

Glenn Research Center

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Ames Research CenterMission Support

Directorate

Administrator: Bill Nelson Deputy Administrator: Pam Melroy

Associate Administrator: Robert Cabana

Aeronautics Research Mission

Directorate

Science Mission Directorate

Space Technology Mission Directorate

Space Operations Mission Directorate

NASA Field Centers

• Ames Research Center

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Langley Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center

Glenn Research Center

Johnson Space Center Stennis Space Center

Armstrong Flight Research Center

Kennedy Space Center

• Marshall Space Flight Center

NACA Laboratories

• The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was formed on March 3, 1915, with a charter to "supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight, with a view to their practical solution." 4

1917 1946 19581939 1940

NACA

Langley

Ames

Lewis

NASA

Dryden

Joseph Sweetman Ames

• In 1936, the Chairman of NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) was Dr. Joseph Ames, president of Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Ames had served as a member of the Committee since its formation and Chairman since 1927.

• Dr. Ames established an Office of Aeronautical Intelligence within NACA to maintain cognizance of the world's aeronautical activities and literature. As part of its operation, the Office maintained a liaison post in Paris. In 1936, the reports from Paris highlighted the buildup of aeronautical research and development in Germany with the construction of aeronautical facilities which could leave the United States at a disadvantage. NACA's lead in aeronautical research was waning and the intentions of Germany's leader, Adolf Hitler, were a source of worry.

Ames, the West Coast Sibling of Langley

• Ames was established with the purpose of partnering with Langley to ensure American leadership in aeronautical research in response to the growing threat of Nazi Germany.

The bill authorizing the establishment of Ames was enacted into law on August 9, 1939. In less than a month, Hitler launched his attack on Poland and World War II began.

• The staff of Ames was initially built around a nucleus of experienced individuals from Langley.

• Smitty DeFrance had joined the staff of Langley in 1922 and was responsible for the design and construction of most of Langley's major research facilities. DeFrance was formally appointed Ames Engineer-in-Charge on July 25, 1940. He soon thereafter became the Center Director and served in that role until his retirement in 1965. He is longest serving Ames Center Director by far at 25 years.

6Competition-Sensitive Information: Use of or disclosure of information contained on this sheet is subject to the restriction on the title page of this document.

Langley Notables – Ames Forebearers

• Along with Smitty DeFrance and Jack Parsons, some 30 notables from Langley came out to start Ames including:

• Ferril R. Nickle, January 29, 1940;

• Carlton Bioletti, March 1;

• Arthur B. Freeman, March 2;

• Edward Ray Sharp, March 11 (left in August and later became Director of Lewis Research Center) ;

• Manie G. Poole, March 11;

• H. Julian Allen, April 13;

• George E. Bulifant, April 17;

• Howard W. Kirschbaum, April 29;

• John P. Houston, April 29;

• Edward W. Betts, May 21; and

• James A. White, June 3.

H. Julian Allen (Career: 1936 – 1969)

Blunt Body Concept – 1951

Ames – May 21, 1940

Ames Aeronautical Laboratory 1943

Ames Aeronautical Laboratory March 1958

Formation of NASA

• President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act into law on July 29, 1958. Although it had generally been assumed that Hugh Dryden, the head of the NACA, would be appointed administrator, three weeks later, on August 19, T. Keith Glennan – the President of Case Institute of Technology since 1947 and a former member of the Atomic Energy Commission – was sworn in at the White House as NASA's first Administrator, with Dryden as his Deputy Administrator.

• NASA formally opened for business on October 1, 1958.

Ames Research Center – August 27, 1959

Ames Research Center – August 14, 1964

Ames Research Center – December 14, 1965

Mission Directorates

Ames Research Center

Exploration Technology

Directorate (T)

Human Capital and Education Directorate (H)

Information Technology

Directorate (I)

Safety and Mission Assurance

Directorate (Q)

Center Operations

Directorate (J)

Center Director: Eugene Tu Deputy Center Director: Carol Carroll

Associate Center Director: Amir Deylami Associate Director for Research and Technology: David Korsmeyer

Aeronautics Directorate (A)

Science Directorate (S)

Engineering Directorate (R)

Programs and Projects

Directorate (P)

Office of the Chief Financial

Officer (C)

Exploration Technology Directorate

Human Systems Integration Division

NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division

Intelligent Systems Division

Entry Systems and Technology Division

Ames 8 Core Competencies

Advanced Computing

& IT Systems

Intelligent / Adaptive Systems

Cost-Effective Space Missions Aerosciences

Astrobiology and Life Science

Space and Earth Sciences

Air Traffic Management

Entry Systems

Ames Core Competency Map

Entry Systems Aerosciences Intelligent / Adaptive Systems Advanced Computing & IT Systems Cost-Effective Space Missions Space and Earth Sciences Astrobiology and Life Sciences Air Traffic Management

Entry Systems and Technology Division Vision: Routine atmospheric entry for robots and humans exploring the Solar System Mission: To develop innovative entry systems technologies from concept to hardware while providing sustaining engineering for all NASA planetary atmospheric entry missions Motto: Per Ignem Semper Invicta (Through Fire, Ever Invincible)

Division Organization

• The Entry Systems and Technology Division (TS) is comprised of four separate branches which each play a critical role that when integrated create one of the most unique organizations in the Agency.

Aerothermal environment determination

Development of thermal protection systems (TPS) materials

Arc jet testing to verify performance

Systems engineering and integration for aeroshell development

TSS: Entry Systems and Vehicle

Development Branch

TSF: Thermophysics Facilities Branch

TSA:

Aerothermodynamics

Branch

TSM: Thermal Protection Materials Branch

Thermo- and Gas-Dynamics

(Arc Jet &

EAST)

Organizational Evolution

1940 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2020

Division

Vehicle Environment

(Range)

Thermo- and Gas- Dynamics

Thermoscience s Space Technology Entry Systems and

Technology

ArnoldDivision Chiefs

Seiff

Goodwin Peterson SmithChapman

1950 2010

Kontinos Hash

Eggers

Crane

Aero- Thermodynamics

Carroll

TSF Heat Transfer

Magneto-plasma-dynamics Thermal

Protection Thermophysics Facilities

TSM

Thermal

Protection Entry

Technology Thermal

Protection Materials

Thermal Protection Materials and

Systems Thermal Protection

Materials

TSA

Computational

Fluid Mechanics

Computational Fluid

Dynamics Aero-thermodynamics Reacting Flow Environments Aerothermodynamics

TSS Entry Systems and Vehicle Development

Stine LarsonGoodwin Nelson Nichols

Centolanzi

Polek Hartman Raiche

Eddlemon

Larson Goldstein Rasky Johnson Conley Stackpoole

Lomax Deiwert

Edwards Cavolowsky

Wercinski

Kontinos Mansour

Goodsell

Hash Hill

Ellerby Zarchi

Alunni

EDL Phase Lead

Mission Mission Center Aeroshell Prime Launch Date EDL Date (Red = Failure) Body EDL Phase Lead

Viking 1 and 2 LaRC Martin Marietta August 20, 1975; September 9, 1975 July 20, 1976; September 3, 1976 Mars None

Pioneer Venus ARC Hughes August 8, 1978 December 9, 1978 Venus None

Galileo JPL Hughes October 18, 1989 December 7, 1995 Jupiter None

Discovery 2 Pathfinder JPL JPL December 4, 1996 July 4, 1997 Mars Rob Manning (JPL)

Mars Polar Lander JPL Lockheed Martin January 3, 1999 December 3, 1999 Mars Sam Thurman (JPL)

Discovery 4 Stardust JPL Lockheed Martin February 7, 1999 January 15, 2006 Earth None

Discovery 5 Genesis JPL Lockheed Martin August 8, 2001 September 8, 2004 Earth None

MERs JPL Lockheed Martin June 10 and July 7, 2003 January 4 and 25, 2004 Mars Wayne Lee (JPL)

Scout Phoenix JPL Lockheed Martin August 4, 2007 May 25, 2008 Mars Dave Skulsky (JPL)

MSL JPL Lockheed Martin November 26, 2011 August 6, 2012 Mars Adam Steltzner (JPL)

NF3 OSIRIS-REx GSFC Lockheed Martin September 8, 2016 September 2023 Earth Bill Willcockson (LM)

Discovery 12 InSight JPL Lockheed Martin May 5, 2018 November 26, 2018 Mars Rob Grover (JPL)

Mars 2020 JPL Lockheed Martin July 30, 2020 February 18, 2021 Mars Al Chen (JPL)

NF4 Dragonfly APL Lockheed Martin June 2027 November 2033 Titan Mike Wright (ARC) Deputy: Karl Edquist (LaRC)

MSR EES JPL Lockheed Martin October 2027 October 2033 Earth Christine Szalai (JPL) Deputy: Carlie Zumwalt (LaRC)

MSR SRL JPL Lockheed Martin July 2028 October 2030 Mars Steve Sell (JPL)

Discovery 15 DAVINCI GSFC Lockheed Martin June 2029 June 2031 Venus Mark Johnson (LM)

Fa st er B et te r C he ap er

• The EDL Phase Lead role is very important to ensuring mission success. The 2005 Genesis Mishap Investigation Board Report stated that a contributing factor to the mishap root cause of “Inadequate System Engineering Process” was the “lack of a Systems Engineer assigned to the end-to-end entry, descent, and landing (EDL) function.” “Contributing Factor 2.1: Facts: No one on the Systems Engineering Team had been assigned individual Responsibility, Accountability, and Authority (RAA) for the entire EDL sequence and for oversight of the system design and operations plans to execute that phase.”

Commercial Space

• The United States is on the cusp of having an independent commercial space market, as embodied by Kathy Lueders tweet of September 15, 2021: “Congratulations to the @SpaceX team on the successful launch of @inspiration4x! Your mission moves @NASA closer to our goal of becoming just one of many customers in the low-Earth orbit economy.”

November 2, 2022 23

New Transportation Modalities Drive Economic Prosperity

• Throughout human history, the greatest advancements in economic opportunity can be intrinsically linked to the introduction of new transportation modalities that have forever changed the economic and military influence in state affairs. NASA plays a key role in ensuring American success in the space economic sector.

Commercial Space Entities Interested in Entry Systems

• There are 20+ known entities interested in entry systems, and several are now approaching us to establish Reimbursable Space Act Agreements to assist them with their entry systems needs.

November 2, 2022 25

NASA Entry Projects Supported by Ames

PHOENIX

NASP

X-33

X-34

X-37

SHARP

B1 & B2

MERCURY, GEMINI, APOLLO SPACE SHUTTLE

PIONEER-VENUS

STARDUST & GENESIS

MARS

PATHFINDER

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

BLUNT

BODY

CONCEPT*

(1951)

ORION EFT-1 / DFI

/ ARTEMIS I

LOFTID

ADEPT SR-1

VIKING

GALILEO

MSL / MEDLI

PAET

COMMERCIAL CREW

MER

OSIRIS-REx

INSIGHT

M2020 / MEDLI2

MARS DS-2

MARS

SAMPLE

RETURN

* H. Julian Allen and Al Eggers, “A Study of the Motion and Aerodynamic Heating of Ballistic Missiles Entering the Earth’s Atmosphere at High Supersonic Speeds,” NACA-RM-A53D28, 1953 / NACA-TR-1381, 1958.

ORION TPS ADP

AFE

MARS

SURVEYOR

SHUTTLE RTF

HEEET

X-20 Dyna-Soar

DC-XA

DAVINCI

NASA Ames Entry Systems Inventions

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Blunt Body Concept*

(1951)

TUFROC

PICA

SIRCAConstricted Arc Heater

3DMATRCG

LI-2200

FRCI

AFRSI

AETB

TUFI

HEEET

ADEPT

FIAT

Advanced Entry Heating Simulator

Laser-Enhanced Arcjet Facility

Awards

2007 Invention of the Year

2007 Software of the Year

2011 Invention of the Year

2015 Software of the Year

2022 Software of the Year

FY22 Projects

Artemis

Commercial Crew

LOFTID (Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator)

DragonflyMars Sample Return

Entry Systems Modeling

Arc Jet Modernization

HLS Starship

DAVINCI

Backup

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Ames Research Center Entry Systems and Technology Division

02. TS Overview 2022 v4 ml final.pdf