CCDPRC2024-03 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.pdf

SECTION 02050

DEMOLITION

PARAGRAPH INDEX Page No.

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 Description 02050-1

1.02 Regulations 02050-1

1.03 Maintenance of Traffic and Access 02050-2

1.04 Handling of Materials 02050-2

1.05 Condition of Premises and Title to Materials 02050-2

1.06 Protection 02050-3

PART 2 MATERIALS

PART 3 CONSTRUCTION

3.01 Demolition 02050-3

3.02 Restoration 02050-5

PART 4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

4.01 General 02050-5

PART 5 BASIS OF PAYMENT

5.01 General 02050-5

SECTION 02050

DEMOLITION

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION:

A. Work in this Section shall include but is not limited to:

1. Complete demolition of the portions of existing construction and vegetation listed in this section and/or indicated on the drawings.

2. Removal of all debris from the site.

3. Providing any and all safety barriers, lights, and equipment as required by all local, state, and federal standards having legal jurisdiction.

4. Unless otherwise noted, obtaining all necessary permits and notices and posting of same as required by all local, state, and federal agencies. The Owner will provide the demolition permit and the sediment and erosion control permit if necessary and all associated permit costs.

5. Restoration of the site.

B. The Contractor shall be responsible for providing and maintaining all temporary facilities and protection as indicated within this Contract and as required by all laws having legal jurisdiction.

1.02 REGULATIONS:

A. All work shall comply with the rules and regulations of all local, state, and federal agencies and authorities having jurisdiction. Special consideration shall be given to the handling of asbestos materials. All regulations pertaining thereto shall be strictly enforced.

B. The Contractor shall obtain and pay for all permits required by all agencies and authorities having jurisdiction for the work included in this Contract other than as stated in 1.01 A.4.

above.

1.03 MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC AND ACCESS:

A. The limits of the Contract are identified by the extent of work indicated on the drawings. The Contractor shall at all times limit his activities to these areas and shall keep all personnel on his staff and the personnel of any subcontractors under his employment within these areas.

B. The Contractor shall maintain accessibility at all times to firefighting apparatus within the Limits of Contract.

1.04 HANDLING OF MATERIALS:

A. When the nature of demolition work requires their use, erect and maintain temporary dust-tite partitions in order to protect existing operational use areas.

B. Remove debris from the site as it accumulates. Do not store, sell, burn, or otherwise dispose of debris on the site. Removal of debris includes clearing all basements and similar below-grade structures including foundation walls, piers, and footings. Remove all debris in such a manner as to prevent spillage. Keep all pavements and areas adjacent to the site, not being demolished, clean, and free from mud, dirt, and debris at all times.

C. The Contractor, upon completion of the Work, shall remove all tools, machinery, and equipment, and leave the premises and all adjacent areas thereto free and clear of all obstructions, hindrances, materials, rubbish, and debris whatsoever.

1.05 CONDITION OF PREMISES AND TITLE TO MATERIALS:

A. The Contractor shall accept the premises and the building and structures thereon as he finds them and shall demolish and remove portions of same as provided herein. The Owner assumes no responsibility for the present or future condition of the buildings or structures. All damage or loss whether by reason of fire, theft, or other casualty or happening, to any materials, fixtures, and equipment salvaged from the demolition thereof, shall be at the sole risk of the Contractor. No such damage or loss shall relieve the Contractor from his obligation to complete the Work included in the Contract.

B. It shall be understood by the Contractor that the buildings and structures on the site are real property and that the Contract is not a contract for the sale of any portion thereof, but a contract for the performance of work, labor, and services by the Contractor. The Contractor shall not have any title or interest in any of the materials, fixtures, or equipment until the same has been removed by the Contractor from the Owner’s property.

C. Prior to starting demolition work, the Contractor shall make an inspection, with the Owner and

Engineer of all surrounding improvements to remain, to determine and record their existing physical condition. The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to such improvements during the duration of this Contract that is caused by the work in this Contract and shall pay for any and all remedial work required to restore such improvements to a condition equaling that condition prior to execution of this Contract.

1.06 PROTECTION

A. Shoring and Bracing: The Contractor shall furnish all shoring, bracing, and patching necessary and required for the proper support and safety of all walls, floors, and utilities affected by demolition work included in this Contract.

B. The Contractor shall erect and maintain all lights, barricades, warning signs, and guards necessary to protect adjoining property from damage. Such provisions shall be in accordance with all applicable rules and regulations of all local, state, and federal agencies and authorities having legal jurisdiction.

PART 2 MATERIALS (Not Applicable)

PART 3 CONSTRUCTION

3.01 DEMOLITION

A. Scheduling of Work: Once the Contractor initiates demolition operations, he shall complete the entire demolition without interruption during normal working hours. Interruptions for any reason shall be only upon approval of the Owner. It shall also be the responsibility of the Contractor to see that, upon beginning demolition operations, no building or structure is left in a precarious or dangerous condition at any time.

B. Protection: Proper precautions shall be taken at all times to protect vehicular and pedestrian traffic from any damage or injury that may be caused, either directly or indirectly, by the work included in this Contract. Such precautions shall include the erection and maintenance of fences, barricades, railings, guards, signs, coverings, lights, and other precautions as may be required. If at any time, in the opinion of the Owner, or the Construction Manager proper precautions are not being taken to secure this protection, the Contractor shall, at no additional cost to the Owner, install and maintain such additional protection as may be directed by the Construction Manager.

C. Burning of Refuse: The Contractor shall not under any circumstances, be permitted to burn material, debris, or refuse, or have fires on the site at any time without explicit permission from the Owner in writing and after having obtained a burn permit from the authority having jurisdiction.

D. Use of Explosives: The Contractor is absolutely prohibited from using dynamite or any other explosives in any of the work or operations included in this Contract at the Project Site.

E. Dust and Dirt Control: All operations shall be so conducted as to prevent the raising of excessive dust and dirt. Dust control may be ordered by the Engineer at any time and the costs, therefore, shall be considered incidental to the demolition work.

F. Site Improvements and Utilities: The Contractor shall not remove or damage any trees, shrubs, streets or pavements, public works, or curbs, except as specifically shown on the Drawings. He shall not remove or damage any property constituting a part of any utility system such as poles, light standards, conduits, gas mains, sewers, steam or water pipes, fire hydrants, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes, meters, or transformers. Should any trees, shrubs, paving, or utilities be damaged as a result of the Contractor’s operations, the Contractor shall, at his own cost and expense, restore such items listed to a condition equal to that which existed before the damage was done. Trees and shrubs to be removed are identified on the Drawings. Sidewalks, other concrete pads, steps, etc. to be removed as indicated on the drawings.

G. Equipment Operation: Equipment shall not be operated in streets or sidewalks abutting the Limits of the Contract Area. Any exceptions shall be by special written permission of the Owner and the Engineer.

H. Bracing and Shoring: The Contractor shall take every precaution to guard against and movement or settlement of existing construction and shall provide and place, at his own expense, any bracing or shoring necessary for proper protection. The Contractor shall be solely and entirely responsible for the safety and support of such structures and shall be liable for any movement or settlement and any damage or injury caused thereby or resulting therefrom. If, at any time, the safety or any adjacent construction shall appear to the Owner and the Construction Manager and, at his own expense, shall take all proper means to support same and shall not resume operations until permission has been secured in writing from the Owner.

I. Falling Debris: The work of demolishing included in this Contract shall be carried on in a manner that will insure the adjacent property against any damage that might occur from falling debris or other causes, and the work shall be done in a manner so as not to interfere with the use of adjacent building or structures or the free and safe access to and from them.

J. Removal of Equipment: The Contractor shall remove all of his property and equipment from the site before the completion of the Contract. The Contract will not be considered complete until such removal is accomplished.

3.02 RESTORATION

A. Restoration shall include clean-up, restabilization, and restoration of all areas, removal of all evidence of construction activities and to effect completion of the Project in an orderly manner.

Restabilization and restoration shall consist of providing proper grading for drainage, and backfilling of any voids left by demolition with common clean fill. Mulching in accordance with Soil Conservation Service standards shall be performed on disturbed areas per Special Conditions Section 00800.

PART 4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

4.01 GENERAL

A. All demolition as shown on the Plans shall be performed to the prescribed specifications above. This work shall not be measured.

5.01 GENERAL

A. Payment for demolition as shown on the Plans shall be included in the unit prices.

SECTION 02200

EARTHWORK

PARAGRAPH INDEX

Page No.

1.01 Description 02200-1

1.02 Standard Specification 02200-1

PART 2 MATERIALS

2.01 Materials 02200-1

2.02 Water 02200-2

3.01 Site Preparation 02200-3

3.02 Excavation 02200-3

3.03 Temporary Excavation Support Systems 02200-4

3.04 Responsibility for Condition of

Excavation 02200-5

3.05 Compacted Fills or Backfills 02200-5

3.06 Grading 02200-7

3.07 Dewatering, Drainage, and Pumping 02200-7

3.08 Protection of Property, Structures

and Underground Utilities 02200-7

3.09 Field Quality Control 02200-8

PART 4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

4.01 General 02200-9

5.01 General 02200-9

02200 - i

SECTION 02200

EARTHWORK

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, equipment, and services necessary for, and incidental to the preparation of the site, excavation, drainage, pumping, sheeting, bracing, backfilling, grading, topsoiling, and protection of the work as shown on the Drawings and as herein specified.

B. The Contractor shall accept the site in the condition in which it exists at the time of the award of the Contract.

C. The Engineer will determine whether the materials that are to be used in the work are suitable or unsuitable. All excess or unsuitable materials excavated shall be removed from the site by the Contractor and disposed of at a site of his own choosing, at his expense.

1.02 STANDARD SPECIFICATION

A. Refer to Maryland State Highway Administration "Standard Specification for Construction and Materials", dated July 2020, or the latest edition.

2.01 MATERIALS

A. On-site materials and select borrow material shall meet the requirements of Section 916.01.01, of the Standard Specifications. Select borrow shall be furnished from a specific source or sources approved in writing by the Engineer.

B. Bank-run gravel material if authorized for use, shall meet the requirements of Section 901, all of which shall be furnished from a specific source or sources approved in writing by the Engineer.

C. Coarse aggregate materials shall be from a specific source or sources approved in writing by the Engineer and shall conform to the requirements of Sections 901 of the Standard Specifications.

D. Filter fabric shall be a non-woven fabric consisting of filaments of polyester or polypropylene formed into a stable network by needle punching. The fabric shall be inert to commonly encountered chemicals, hydrocarbons, mildew and rot resistant, and insect and rodent resistant and shall conform to Section 921.09 of the Standard Specifications. The fabric shall provide a permeable layer or media while retaining the soil matrix. It shall be provided in rolls wrapped with a protective covering to protect the fabric from mud, dirt, and debris.

E. The Contractor shall use select materials or aggregate at locations other than those specified when directed to do so by the Engineer.

F. Topsoil shall be salvaged, stockpiled, and reused in accordance with the requirements of Section 920.01 of the Standard Specifications. If topsoil requirements cannot be satisfied by the use of salvaged topsoil obtained from the project site, it shall be the contractor's responsibility to obtain any additional topsoil required to complete the work with no additional compensation. Topsoil shall be stockpiled on-site as directed by the Engineer.

G. Material for fills or backfills may be from the excavations if it meets the requirements stated above or from other approved sources. Material shall be free from vegetable matter, organic material, sludge, grit, trash, muck, roots, logs, stumps or frozen material and other deleterious substances. Cinders, ashes, rubble, and construction debris shall not be used in the work. The material shall not contain rocks or lumps larger than six inches in greatest dimension. The material shall not contain mica in quantities, which in the judgment of the Engineer, are sufficient to affect compaction characteristics. Materials having a maximum dry density of less than 105 pcf (AASHTO T-180) shall not be used unless specifically approved in writing by the Engineer.

2.02 WATER

A. Any water that the Contractor may require on the job for soil conditioning shall be obtained from an approved source. If water is acquired from the potable water system, it shall be obtained under the supervision of the utility owner.

3.01 SITE PREPARATION

A. All rubble, trash, root mat, topsoil, unusable and unsuitable material, pavements, concrete structures, piping, grit, etc., within areas required to be filled, excavated or graded, except as otherwise specified or shown, shall be removed and disposed of by and at the expense of the Contractor off-site except topsoil which is to be salvaged. The Contractor shall obtain and pay all necessary permits related to this disposal.

3.02 EXCAVATION

A. All excavation required to construct the work shall be unclassified and shall consist of the excavation of whatever substance is encountered to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown on the drawings.

B. Suitable material removed from the excavation shall be reused in the grading and backfilling around structures, preparation of subgrade in areas to be filled, and at such other places as directed by the Engineer to the extent required to complete the work. The Contractor shall properly store or stockpile, in an approved manner, or as directed by the Engineer, all materials that are to be reused in the work. Unsuitable materials shall not be mixed with materials, which are to be reused. The Contractor shall replace, at his own expense, otherwise suitable material which has become unusable because of careless, neglectful, or wasteful storage. All unsuitable material removed from the excavation shall be removed from the site and disposed of by and at the expense of the Contractor.

C. During construction, the grading operations shall be performed in a manner such that the excavation will be well-drained at all times. When necessary, continuously pumped sumps shall be provided. The Contractor shall maintain and keep all ditches open and free from soil and debris while in service or until final acceptance of the work, and all grading shall be done on neat, regular lines conforming to the sections and contours shown on the plans. All work shall be done in proper sequence with all other associated operations. Before any slab or surfacing is placed, all utilities to be covered shall be installed and all drainage facilities shall be installed which are required to permit the free and uninterrupted flow of the surface and underground water from the site or to pumping sumps, etc.

D. Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, unsuitable foundation conditions are encountered under slabs, footings, structures, or utilities, a determination will be made by the Engineer whether the condition is due to the in-situ condition or is caused by the Contractor's construction methods.

(1) Unsuitable foundation materials, which in the judgment of the Engineer are due to in-situ conditions, shall be excavated when ordered in writing by the Engineer, to the extent directed by the Engineer. All unsuitable material shall be removed to a firm bottom below subgrade elevations. The excavation below the subgrade shall be refilled by the use of compacted approved material. Under these conditions, payment for excavation below the subgrade and backfill will be made at the contingent unit price stated in the Proposal and Special Conditions.

(2) Unsuitable foundation conditions, which in the judgment of the Engineer are caused by the Contractor's construction methods, shall be corrected by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Engineer, at the expense of the Contractor. These corrections shall include the necessary excavations and backfills using approved fill material.

(3) Where excavations for slabs or footings are made to a depth below the subgrade elevations shown on the Drawings without authorization, the excess excavation shall be filled to the required level with compacted approved fill material at the expense of the Contractor.

E. If the soil on the sides of the footing excavations is stiff enough to stand without bracing, forms may be omitted and the footings shall be made 2- inches wider than the dimensions shown on the Drawings.

F. All fill material required within the grading limits shown on the Drawings and specified shall be furnished by the Contractor from approved sources, at no additional cost.

G. The subgrade for all concrete slabs and foundations shall be a firm material that has been densified by a vibratory roller except where drainage courses or compacted fills are specified or are required in areas where unsuitable material has been removed.

3.03 TEMPORARY EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

A. The Contractor shall temporarily support the sides and ends of all excavations, where necessary or where directed by the Engineer, with braces, sheeting, shoring, stringers or other methods of the type, size, and quality required. The Contractor will be entirely responsible for the design and adequacy of the excavation support system.

B. Vibratory hammers may not be used to drive or extract temporary excavation support systems without approval by the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval a written request indicating the limits within the Contract where vibratory hammers are to be used.

C. The temporary excavation support systems shall be removed as refilling proceeds, in a manner so as not to damage any structures, roadbed, fill, or property. If, in the judgment of the Engineer, the removal of temporary excavation support systems will jeopardize any of the work performed under this Contract, or any existing facilities, the Engineer may direct the Contractor to leave all or part of the temporary excavation support systems in place.

D. There will be no extra compensation to the Contractor for use of the required temporary excavation support systems, or for temporary excavation support systems directed to be left in place.

3.04 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDITION OF EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the conditions of all excavations made by him for the entire period of the Contract. All slides, cave-ins, or other unacceptable condition shall be promptly corrected without extra compensation, at whatever time and under whatever circumstances they may occur.

B. The neglect, failure, or refusal of the Engineer to order or approve any excavation support system including the manner or methods of placing shall not in any way or to any extent relieve the Contractor of any responsibility concerning the condition of excavations or of any of his obligations under the contract; nor shall any delay whether caused by an action or want of action on the part of the Contractor or by any act or want of action of the Owner or its agents or employees, resulting in the keeping of an excavation open longer than would otherwise have been necessary, relieve the Contractor from the necessity of properly and adequately protecting the excavation from caving or slipping, nor from any of his obligations under the contract relating to injury of persons or property nor entitle him to any claim for extra compensation.

3.05 COMPACTED FILLS OR BACKFILLS

A. Where fills or backfills are to support slabs, pavements, pipes, or structures they shall be constructed as follows:

(1) Materials: Compacted fills shall be constructed of the materials described herein.

(2) Preparation of the surface: Before depositing fills, the surface of the ground shall be cleared of all refuse, rubble, and other debris. All vegetable matter, mud, muck, frozen material, and otherwise unsuitable soils, shall be removed from the surfaces upon which fills are to be placed. The surface shall be leveled to a clear and uninterrupted surface.

(3) Placing, spreading, and compacting material for fills: Fill material shall be placed in approximately horizontal layers, which, before compaction, shall not exceed eight

(8) inches. Each layer shall be spread uniformly and evenly. All rocks shall be distributed throughout the earth materials and all voids shall be carefully filled and the material properly compacted. No rocks larger than three inches in greatest dimension will be permitted within 12 inches of finished grade or within 12 inches in all directions from pipes, or in backfill around structures within 24 inches of any structure. The moisture content of the fill material shall be within 3% above or below the optimum moisture content for the material during compaction.

After each layer has been placed, mixed, and spread evenly, it shall be thoroughly compacted to not less than 95% of maximum density. Optimum moisture and maximum density shall be determined by AASHTO Test T-180 and/or ASTM D- 1557. Heaving or creeping of the soil beneath the roller shall be sufficient evidence that the moisture content of the fill or subsoils is excessive, and that required compaction has not been achieved. The fill shall be constructed in such a manner that the surface will be sloped to drain at all times and no fill shall be placed, spread, or rolled while it is frozen or thawing or be placed upon frozen or thawing ground or during unfavorable weather conditions. Any compacted layer, that has been previously frozen, shall be reworked or removed before the next layer is placed.

Materials containing free water or having a moisture content higher than specified shall not be deposited upon the fill until after they have been dried to the specified moisture content.

B. After completion of foundations, footings, walls and the construction below finished grade, all forms shall be removed and the excavation cleaned of all trash and debris.

Prior to placing any backfill, notice shall be given the Engineer so that the work may be inspected, and backfilling shall not proceed without his approval. Backfill materials placed within 24 inches of structure walls shall be free of stones larger than 3 inches maximum dimension. Compaction by heavy equipment is prohibited within 10 feet of any structure.

3.06 GRADING

A. The existing and proposed grade lines are shown on the Drawings. Grade over the entire area, as shown on the Drawings, shall be to the finished subgrade levels. All cutting, filling, backfilling, and grading necessary shall be done to bring the area to the following subgrade levels:

(1) For slabs and pavements to the underside of the respective drainage course, base, subbase course, or surface as applicable.

(2) For the area to be seeded or sodded to within 4 inches of the finished grade, or as directed.

B. Sufficient grading must be done during the progress of the work so that no water, at any time, is allowed to flow towards the walls of the structures; and the entire site shall be well-drained and free from water pockets.

3.07 DEWATERING, DRAINAGE, AND PUMPING

A. The Contractor shall provide and continuously operate and maintain all temporary dewatering, drainage, and pumping systems required to satisfactorily perform all work under the contract.

B. Should soil, groundwater, or local conditions require dewatering systems other than ditches, sumps, and pumps, such systems shall be provided, operated, and maintained at no additional cost.

C. The Contractor shall exercise every precaution to prevent flotation of any of the work constructed under this contract, and the Contractor shall be responsible for all damage due to flotation.

3.08 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY, STRUCTURES AND UNDERGROUND UTILITIES

A. The Contractor shall, at his own expense, sustain in their places and protect from direct or indirect injury all pipes, poles, utilities, walls, buildings, and other structures or property in the vicinity of his work, whether above or below the ground or that may appear in the excavation.

He shall at all times have a sufficient quantity of timber and plank, chains, ropes, etc., on the ground, and shall use them as necessary for sheeting his excavations and for sustaining or supporting any structures that are uncovered, undermined, endangered, threatened or weakened. The Contractor shall take all risks attending the presence or proximity of pipes, poles, walls, buildings, and other structures and property, of every kind and description, in the vicinity of his work, whether above or below the surface of the ground; and he shall be responsible for all damage and assume all expense for direct or indirect injury, caused by his work, to any of them, or to any person or property by reason of injury to them, whether such structures are or are not shown on the drawings.

B. In the event that the Contractor damages any existing utility lines that are not shown or the locations of which have not been made known and are not visible to the Contractor, a report thereof shall be made immediately to the Engineer.

3.09 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL – NOT USED

4.01 GENERAL

A. All earthwork as shown on the Plans and Specifications shall be performed as specified and shall not be measured. All quantities are to be considered inclusive in the lump sum or unit price bids of other items.

5.01 GENERAL

A. Payment for Backfill Material as shown on the Plans and prescribed in the Specifications shall not be made but is considered included in the lump sum or unit price in the bid.

B. Payment for miscellaneous excavation and refill shall be made at the contingent unit price bid per cubic yard.

SECTION 02220

TRENCH EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING

1.01 Description 02220-1

1.02 Excavation 02220-1

1.03 Trenching 02220-1

2.01 Materials 02220-1

3.01 Removal and Storage of Surface Materials

3.02 Width and Depth of Trenches 02220-2

3.03 Length of Open Trench 02220-2

3.04 Accommodation of Traffic 02220-3

3.05 Accommodation of Drainage 02220-3

3.06 Pumping 02220-3

3.07 Explosives 02220-3

3.08 Bracing or Sheeting 02220-4

3.09 Miscellaneous Excavation 02220-4

3.10 Excavation Below Subgrade 02220-5

3.11 Preparation of Foundation 02220-5

3.12 Refilling 02220-5

3.13 Maintenance of Refilled Excavations 02220-7

3.14 Fill and Grading in Vicinity of Pipes and Structures 02220-8

3.15 Furnishing and Placing Topsoil 02220-8

3.16 Responsibility for Condition of Excavation 02220-8

3.17 Protection of Property and Structures 02220-9

3.18 Obstructions Shown on Drawings 02220-9

3.19 Removal of Obstructions 02220-10

3.20 Change of Trench Location 02220-11

3.21 Subsurface Conditions 02220-11

PART 4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 02220-11

PART 5 BASIS OF PAYMENT 02220-12

SECTION 02220

TRENCH EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Contractor shall provide all labor, materials, equipment, and services necessary for and incidental to the excavation, trenching, and backfilling of utility systems to be installed under this contract, as shown on the drawings and as specified.

1.02 EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall excavate, protect, and refill all excavations that may be necessary for completing the work to be done under the contract. Excavations shall be in open cut except where and to such extent as the Engineer may authorize or direct that the same be done by directional bore or other methods.

1.03 TRENCHING

A. Trenches may be in general excavated and refilled either by machinery or by hand as the

Contractor may elect, provided however, that the Engineer shall be empowered wherever he shall decide that such necessity exists to direct that hand excavation shall be employed, and provided further that refilling by hand shall be done to the extent hereinafter specified. The Contractor shall have no claim for extra compensation due to the fact that hand instead of machine excavation may be required at any location where necessary from any cause whatsoever.

2.01 MATERIALS

Materials shall be as specified on the drawings and related details.

3.01 REMOVAL AND STORAGE OF SURFACE MATERIALS

A. The Contractor shall grub and clear the surface and remove all surface materials of whatever nature over the line of the trench and the site of other structures and areas to be graded; and he shall properly store, guard, and preserve such materials as may be required for use in backfilling, resurfacing, repaving or for other purposes. All curb, gutter, and all paving materials which may be removed together with all materials taken from the trenches shall be stored in a suitable location and in such manner as shall be approved or directed. The Contractor shall be responsible for any loss of or damage to curb, gutter, and to paving material through their careless neglectful, or wasteful storage, disposal, or use.

3.02 WIDTH AND DEPTH OF TRENCHES

A. Trenches shall be excavated to the necessary width and depth as may be shown on the drawings, or standard details or as directed.

B. Trench sides shall be vertical to a distance of at least one foot above the top of the pipe.

Above this point, the sides of the trenches shall be practically plumb and under no circumstances will they be permitted to be sloped except with the written approval of the Engineer. Bell holes shall be excavated in the bottoms and sides of the trenches wherever necessary to permit the proper making of joints, at no extra cost.

C. Trenches shall be excavated so as to provide a uniform and continuous bearing and support for the pipe or other structure on solid and undisturbed ground and at the specified grade at every point between bell holes. Any part of the bottom of the trench which may be excavated below the specified grade shall be corrected with approved materials and thoroughly compacted.

3.03 LENGTH OF OPEN TRENCH

A. No greater length of the trench in any location shall be left open in advance of the completed structure placed therein than shall be authorized or directed. The Engineer shall be empowered at any time to require the refilling of open trenches over completed pipelines if in his judgment such action is necessary, and the Contractor shall thereby have no claim for extra compensation even though to accomplish said refilling he is compelled temporarily to stop excavation or other work at any place.

B. If work is stopped on any trench for any reason except by order of the Engineer and the excavation is left open for an unreasonable length of time in advance of construction, the Contractor shall if so directed refill such trench at his own cost and shall not again open said trench until he is ready to complete the structure therein. If the Contractor shall refuse or fail to refill such trench completely within 24 hours after said notice, the Engineer shall be authorized to do the work; and the Owner shall charge the expense thereof to the Contractor and retain the same out of any money due or to become due him under the Contract.

C. The excavation of all trenches shall be fully completed at least 20 feet in advance of pipe laying unless otherwise authorized.

D. All trenches or excavations that are unattended for any length of time shall be secured and made safe at the Contractor’s expense.

E. ACCOMMODATION OF TRAFFIC

F. During the progress of the work, sidewalks, and crossings shall be kept open for passage of pedestrians unless otherwise authorized. Streets shall not be unnecessarily obstructed; and unless the Engineer shall authorize the complete closing of a street, the Contractor shall take such measures at his own expense as may be necessary to keep the street open for traffic.

Any street closures must be approved by the Engineer prior to closure. Notification must be provided to all emergency management agencies having jurisdiction in the area.

G. The Contractor shall construct and maintain without extra compensation such adequate and proper bridges over excavations as may be necessary or directed for the purpose of accommodating pedestrians or vehicles.

3.04 ACCOMMODATION OF DRAINAGE

A. Gutters and drains shall be kept open at all times for surface drainage. No damming or ponding of water in gutters or other waterways will be permitted, except to a limited extent where the Engineer shall consider the same necessary or allowable.

B. The Contractor shall be responsible for all necessary diversion of drainage flows.

3.05 PUMPING

A. The Contractor shall keep all excavations free from water at his own expense while structural work is in progress and to such extent as may be necessary while excavation work alone is being carried on. He shall provide for the disposal of the water removed from excavations in such manner as shall not cause injury to the public health, to public or private property, or to any portion of the work completed or in progress or any impediment to the use of the streets by the public. Disposal of water shall be in accordance with the provisions of any requirements set forth by the Sediment and Erosion Control Inspector, or the Engineer, or MDE inspector, and shall be in accordance with methods as outlined in the 2011 Maryland Standards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control.

3.06 EXPLOSIVES

The use of explosives will not be permitted.

3.07 BRACING OR SHEETING

A. The Contractor shall support the sides and ends of all excavations wherever necessary or directed with braces, sheeting, shores, or stringers of the quality and character as directed.

All timbering shall be put in place or driven by men skilled in such work and shall be so arranged that it may be withdrawn as refilling proceeds, without injury to the structures built under the contract or to any roadbed or adjacent structure, or property. If in the opinion of the Engineer the material furnished for timbering excavations is not of proper quality or sufficient size or not properly placed to ensure the safety of the work or of adjacent structures or property, the Contractor shall upon notice forthwith procure and place satisfactory timbering, or place said timbering in a satisfactory manner; and upon his failure to do so, the work may be ordered stopped until said notice shall have been complied with and without entitling the Contractor to any claim for extra compensation, damage or delay.

B. All timbering in excavations shall be withdrawn as the refilling is being done, except where and to such extent as the Engineer shall order in writing that said timbering be left in place or where he shall permit the same to be left in place at the Contractor's expense and upon his request. The Contractor shall cut off any sheeting ordered left in place and shall remove the materials cut off without compensation, therefore.

C. Wherever necessary in quicksand or soft ground or for the protection of any structure or property, sheeting shall be driven without extra compensation to such a depth below the bottom of the trench as may be required or directed.

3.08 MISCELLANEOUS EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall do such miscellaneous excavating work as may be necessary or directed. Such excavation shall be subject to the same conditions and requirements as specified for trench excavation.

B. Miscellaneous excavation shall include the digging of test pits, extra width of trench made necessary by change in its location, or excavation for any special structure, outside the trench, that may not be shown on the drawings or described in the specifications where such excavation is done at the direction of the Engineer. Test pits shall be dug by the Contractor whenever directed. Their depth and size shall be as required by the Engineer. Test pits may be dug by the Contractor without being directed to do so by the Engineer along the lines of the trenches as shown on the drawings in advance of the excavation for the purpose of satisfying himself as to the location of underground obstructions or conditions.

3.10 EXCAVATION BELOW SUBGRADE

A. Subgrade in the case of PVC, reinforced concrete, and polyethylene pipe shall be taken as below the coarse aggregate bedding layer of the pipe. Subgrade in the case of ductile iron pipe shall be termed the underside of the barrel of the pipe. For miscellaneous masonry structures, subgrade shall be defined as the material which lies below the six-inch drainage layer granular fill.

B. Whenever the character of the material at the bottom of the excavation is such as to require excavation to an additional depth for adequate foundation or wherever a trench has been excavated by machinery to the grade directed by the Engineer and he deems it necessary either on account of a change in plan or because he had previously given the wrong grade, to excavate deeper, such additional depth shall be known as miscellaneous excavation, provided, however, that no such excavation that may be taken out by default or negligence on the part of the Contractor shall be so classed.

3.11 PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION

A. The Contractor shall complete excavations in earth as nearly as practicable to the neat lines of the structures to be built therein. All irregularities and cavities in the bottoms of trenches or tunnels shall be filled up to the required level with clean earth or other approved material firmly compacted before pipelines are laid therein and without extra compensation.

B. For PVC reinforced concrete and polyethylene pipe, the Contractor shall place a course aggregate bedding layer of four-inch minimum compacted thickness to the elevations shown for the underside of the pipe barrel.

3.12 REFILLING

A. The Contractor shall refill all excavations as rapidly as practicable after the completion of structural work therein or after the excavations have served their purpose. All unauthorized excavations made by the Contractor shall be immediately refilled at the Contractor's cost.

B. Not Used

C. Refill material around and over pipelines for a distance of 2 feet above the top of the pipe shall consist of clean earth, free of ashes, putrescible refuse, large stones, or other material of an unsatisfactory character as may be determined by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified, refilling of the trenches shall be commenced by depositing and ramming suitable material in layers not more than 4 inches thick, measured loose, under, around, and over the pipe to a point not less than 1 foot nor more than 2 feet in depth over the top thereof, after which refilling of the remainder of the trench may proceed as hereinafter provided. In the refilling of the remainder of the trench, stones of not more than 6 inches in their largest dimension which have been taken out in excavating may be mixed with the earth in the refill in an amount of not over 25%, if the Engineer shall so approve. Stones of larger size or in greater quantities shall not be used unless specified or directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall not permit excavations to be used for the disposal of refuse.

D. No connections, branches, fittings, of any character, or any part of pipelines or other structure that needs to be located or measured shall be filled over or around until the required measurements have been made by the Engineer; and his permission so to do has been given and any such that are covered without authorization shall be uncovered by the Contractor at his own expense.

E. The refilling of trenches which have been cut within site structural areas including paved parking and circulation areas, road rights of way, including the Town, County and State, shall be performed in such a way as to give the backfilled trench a compaction density of 95% as determined by the A.A.S.H.T.O. Method for Compaction and Density of Soils Test T-180 Method D, or ASTM D-1557. This test shall be performed by a State of Maryland licensed soil engineer the first 500 feet of trench and then every 1000 feet thereafter within road rights of way for confirmation of proper compaction. The testing shall be the Owner's responsibility with the Engineer present during all testing. Prior to starting construction on this contract, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that the specified compaction density can be attained by the method which he intends to use. Once a method has been approved in writing by the Engineer, no other method shall be used without first obtaining the written permission of the Engineer. Refilling of the trench around the pipe shall be as specified.

F. Where a trench has been cut in areas outside site structural areas including paved parking and circulation areas and road rights of way, the trench above the pipe shall be refilled in 12-inch layers, measured loose, and each layer shall be tamped to the satisfaction of the Engineer prior to the placing of the next top layer.

G. After the completion of refilling, all materials not used therein shall be removed and disposed of in such a manner and at such point or points as shall be approved or directed; and all roads, sidewalks, and other places on the lines of the work shall be left free, clean, and in good order. Said cleaning up shall be done by the Contractor without extra compensation;

and if he shall fail to do such work within reasonable time after receipt of notice, it will be performed by the Engineer; and the cost shall be retained out of the money due or to become due the Contractor under the Contract.

H. Should unsuitable material be encountered in the excavation of the trench the Contractor shall at his own expense remove and dispose of such unsatisfactory materials at a dump to be found by the Contractor. The Contractor shall procure and substitute suitable approved material meeting the requirements of Section 02200 Earthwork and shall be paid for this contingency backfill material under the applicable unit price bid in the proposal. The Contractor will be paid only for such special backfill material that is actually delivered and used within the specified width and determined length of the trench. Any unsatisfactory material which is excavated outside the specified width of the trench shall be removed and disposed of and suitable approved material shall be substituted at the Contractor's expense.

Unsuitable material may be construed as clay, materials that will not crumble under light hand pressure, frozen materials, ashes, putrescible or other material that will not compact readily. Suitable material shall be construed as material of a classification that will compact readily when the approved method of backfilling is used.

3.13 MAINTENANCE OF REFILLED EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall maintain at his own expense all refilled excavations in proper condition until the end of the 12-month period following the date of payment of the final estimate. All depressions appearing in the refilled excavations shall be properly refilled. If the Contractor shall fail to do so within a reasonable time after the receipt of written notice from the Engineer, the Engineer may refill said depressions; and the cost thereof shall be deducted from any money due or to become due the Contractor under the contract. In case of emergency, the Engineer may refill any dangerous depression without giving previous notice to the Contractor; and the cost of so doing shall be retained from any money due the Contractor.

B. The Contractor shall be responsible for any injury or damage that may result from improper maintenance of any refilled excavation at any time previous to the end of the above-mentioned 12-month period.

3.14 FILL AND GRADING IN THE VICINITY OF PIPES AND STRUCTURES

A. Unless otherwise shown on plans or directed by the Engineer, it is intended that surfaces in the vicinity of the work shall be left in their original condition. In certain locations, however, grading and filling of adjacent ground will be required as shown on the plans or directed by the Engineer. All suitable excess materials from trenches and other excavations on the contract shall be used first, and the cost of placing this material shall be included in the unit price bid for installing pipe, conduit, or other underground utility, or constructing the various appurtenances included in the Contract.

B. In the event that more material is needed to fill areas as shown on the plans, the Contractor shall obtain borrowed material from other sources. The obtaining of such borrow excavation shall be the Contractor's responsibility. All borrow excavation shall be of satisfactory quality for the purpose for which it is required. The Contractor shall be paid separately for furnishing and placing borrowed material provided that an item is included in the bid or proposal for this purpose; otherwise, payment shall be included under the contingency unit price bid for over-excavation and refill.

C. All fills shall be placed in layers not thicker than 8 inches; and each layer shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling, tamping, or otherwise as directed by the Engineer. Where directed, water shall be used as required to bring the earth into proper condition for maximum compaction.

3.15 FURNISHING AND PLACING TOPSOIL

Areas specified or shown on the drawings to be seeded shall be covered with a uniform layer of topsoil to a depth of 4 inches. Topsoil shall be of a quality equal to the quality of the existing topsoil in the immediate vicinity of the work. The topsoil may be stripped over the areas to be excavated and stored and protected for re-use. If additional topsoil is required, it shall be furnished by the Contractor from sources approved by the Engineer.

3.16 RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDITION OF EXCAVATION

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the condition of all excavations made by him. All slides and caves shall be removed without extra compensation at whatever time and under whatever circumstances that may occur.

B. The neglect, failure or refusal of the Engineer to order the use of bracing or sheeting or a better quality or larger sizes of timber or to order sheeting, bracing, or shoring to be left in place or the giving or failing to give orders or directions as to the manner or methods of placing or driving sheeting, braces, or shores shall not in any way or to any extent relieve the Contractor of any responsibility concerning the condition of excavations or of any of his obligations under the contract; nor shall any delay whether caused by an action or want of action on the part of the Contractor or by any act or want of action of the Owner or its agents or employees resulting in the keeping of an excavation open longer than would otherwise have been necessary to relieve the Contractor from the necessity of properly and adequately protecting the excavation from caving or slipping or from any of his obligations under the contract relating to injury of persons or property nor entitle him to any claim for extra compensation.

3.17 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND STRUCTURES

The Contractor shall at his own expense sustain in their places and protect from direct or indirect injury all pipes, poles, tracks, walls, buildings, and other structures or property in the vicinity of his work whether above or below the ground or what may appear in the trench.

He shall at all times have a sufficient quantity of timber and plank, chains, ropes, etc., on the ground and shall use them as necessary for sheeting his excavations and for sustaining or supporting any structures that are uncovered, undermined, endangered, threatened or weakened. The Contractor shall take all risks attending the presence or proximity of pipes, poles, tracks, walls, buildings, and other structures and property of every kind and description in or over his trenches or in the vicinity of his work whether above or below the surface of the ground; and he shall be responsible for all damage and assume all expense for direct or indirect injury caused by his work to any of them or to any person or property by reason of injury to them, whether such structures are or are not shown on the drawings.

3.18 OBSTRUCTIONS SHOWN ON DRAWINGS

Certain information regarding the reputed presence, size, character, and location of…