B08_Attachment_4_-_Supplemental_Reports.pdf

PDF 13 MB Posted

Attached to
JELA 325250 335621 - Rehabilitate Cemetery
Solicitation number
140PP027R0004
Issued by
Not on record

About this file

This file is a supplemental report attachment containing soil analysis results and a tree inventory assessment for Chalmette National Cemetery in Chalmette, Louisiana.

The document includes comprehensive soil testing data from the Texas A&M Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory for fourteen lawn samples collected across various cemetery sections. Laboratory analyses indicate soil pH levels ranging from slightly acid to slightly alkaline (5.6–7.5), with textural classifications predominantly as loam or clay loam. Nutrient analysis shows generally adequate calcium and magnesium levels across all samples, with recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applications varying by location. Several samples required limestone applications (10–25 lbs/1,000 sq ft) to address acidity, notably samples CNA-07-87, CNA-09-115.122, CNA-10-118.119, CNA-13-166.172, and CNA-14-NORTH. The report recommends applying supplemental nitrogen fertilizer during specific growing seasons depending on grass species present. All soil samples were received September 8, 2025, with reports generated September 18, 2025.

The tree inventory assessment, prepared by Trinity Tree Consultants LLC in October 2025, documents approximately 159 trees across the cemetery grounds. The survey identifies twelve tree species, with Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) being predominant, along with Sweet Pecan, Magnolia varieties, Bald Cypress, American Sycamore, and other native species. Each tree received unique identification numbering, GPS coordinates, diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements, condition ratings, and treatment recommendations. Common issues identified include mechanical damage to tree bases from lawn equipment, root conflicts with cemetery infrastructure, included bark defects, and decay columns. The arborist recommends establishment of a comprehensive tree maintenance plan incorporating annual inspections, mulching at 2–4 inches depth around driplines, deep-root soil nutrient injections for Live Oaks every three years, and maintenance pruning on 2–4-year cycles to remove deadwood and mitigate safety risks.

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LOCATION 15

LOCATION 16 54'-8" OFF

FENCELINE

52'-5" OFF WALL

57'-3" OFF WALL

194'-7" OFF

FENCELINE

58' OFF WALL

34'-9" OFF

CORNER OF

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NO HEADSTONES

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DATE:

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DESIGNED:

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TECH. REVIEW:

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SUB SHEET NO.

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PMIS/PKG NO.

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SCHEMATIC DESIGN NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION

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CHALMETTE NATIONAL CEMETERY

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LEGEND

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= MAJOR CONTOUR LINE

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= MINOR CONTOUR LINE

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= CULVERT

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= FENCELINE

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= ROOF OVERHANG

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RCP= REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE

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CMP= CORRUGATED METAL PIPE

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SMP= SMOOTH METAL PIPE

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= INTERPOLATED SPOT ELEVATION

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= EXISTING TREE

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= EXISTING HEADSTONES

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TREE TRUNK

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TREE CANOPY

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SOIL SAMPLE LOCATION

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LOCATION PLAN

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SOIL SAMPLE

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XX

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JELA 335621

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STANTEC

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STANTEC

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STANTEC

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SCALE OF FEET

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CNA-02-18

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CNA-GAR-01

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CNA-04-43A

tewen Polygon tewen Text Box

CNA-03-31

tewen Polygon tewen Text Box

CNA-05-62

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CNA-07-87

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CNA-06-75.75

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CNA-08-106

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CNA-09-115.122

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125-136 tewen Polygon tewen Polygon tewen Polygon tewen Text Box

CNA-11-147.161

tewen Text Box

CNA-12-OAKS

tewen Rectangle tewen Rectangle tewen Arrow tewen Arrow tewen

CNA-14-NORTH

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CNA-13-166.172

tewen Polygon

Soil, Water and Forage Testing Laboratory

Department of Soil and Crop Sciences

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692112

Customer Sample ID: CNA-GAR-01

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 7.4 (6.2) - Slightly Alkaline

Conductivity 216 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 8 (-) ppm** 0.6 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 36 (50) ppm 0.8 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 98 (175) ppm 1.3 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,501 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 387 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 57 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 35 (-) ppm

Iron 47.20 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 7.21 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 7.37 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.59 (0.16) ppm

Boron 2.27 (1.30) ppm

Limestone Requirement 0.00 lbs/1000sqft

Textural Analysis Test (hydrometer) Detailed Salinity Test (Saturated Paste Extract)

Sand 34 % pH 6.9

Silt 46 % Conductivity 1.06 mmhos/cm

Clay 20 % Sodium 21 ppm 0.896 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 12 ppm 0.299 meq/L

Calcium 205 ppm 10.230 meq/L

Organic Matter 7.22 % Magnesium 40 ppm 3.280 meq/L

SAR 0.34

SSP 6.10

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Nitrogen:

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

Soil Analysis Report

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Area Represented:

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common bermuda grass and zoysia grass) and every 6-8 weeks for hybrid bermuda grass.

Online fertilizer calculators to determine appropriate fertilizers and application rates.

http://soiltesting.tamu.edu lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Loam

CL*

http://soiltesting.tamu.edu/

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692113

Customer Sample ID: CNA-02-18

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 7.2 (6.2) - Slightly Alkaline

Conductivity 246 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 7 (-) ppm** 0.6 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 42 (50) ppm 0.4 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 91 (175) ppm 1.4 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,305 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 424 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 55 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 44 (-) ppm

Iron 60.20 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.98 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 9.18 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.31 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.98 (1.30) ppm

Sand 32 % pH 6.7

Silt 46 % Conductivity 0.90 mmhos/cm

Clay 22 % Sodium 28 ppm 1.232 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 8 ppm 0.213 meq/L

Calcium 165 ppm 8.234 meq/L

Organic Matter 5.64 % Magnesium 37 ppm 3.050 meq/L

SAR 0.52

SSP 9.68

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692114

Customer Sample ID: CNA-03-31

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 7.5 (6.2) - Slightly Alkaline

Conductivity 437 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 10 (-) ppm** 0.4 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 35 (50) ppm 0.9 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 99 (175) ppm 1.3 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,519 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 472 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 55 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 123 (-) ppm

Iron 40.30 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.36 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 6.12 (1.00) ppm

Copper 2.83 (0.16) ppm

Boron 2.22 (1.30) ppm

Sand 24 % pH 6.9

Silt 48 % Conductivity 1.65 mmhos/cm

Clay 28 % Sodium 96 ppm 4.156 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 7 ppm 0.191 meq/L

Calcium 253 ppm 12.625 meq/L

Organic Matter 5.93 % Magnesium 53 ppm 4.381 meq/L

SAR 1.43

SSP 19.46

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common

Clay Loam

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692115

Customer Sample ID: CNA-04-43A

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 7.0 (6.2) - Neutral

Conductivity 301 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 9 (-) ppm** 0.5 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 36 (50) ppm 0.8 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 117 (175) ppm 0.9 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,471 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 470 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 54 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 68 (-) ppm

Iron 77.30 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.35 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 6.38 (1.00) ppm

Copper 2.05 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.78 (1.30) ppm

Sand 22 % pH 6.7

Silt 48 % Conductivity 1.09 mmhos/cm

Clay 30 % Sodium 45 ppm 1.954 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 9 ppm 0.235 meq/L

Calcium 183 ppm 9.132 meq/L

Organic Matter 6.70 % Magnesium 40 ppm 3.288 meq/L

SAR 0.78

SSP 13.37

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692116

Customer Sample ID: CNA-05-62

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.8 (6.2) - Slightly Acid

Conductivity 215 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 5 (-) ppm** 0.7 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 31 (50) ppm 1.1 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 87 (175) ppm 1.5 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,388 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 332 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 39 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 31 (-) ppm

Iron 60.70 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.37 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 9.67 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.48 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.08 (1.30) ppm

Sand 38 % pH 6.6

Silt 40 % Conductivity 0.87 mmhos/cm

Clay 22 % Sodium 20 ppm 0.888 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 9 ppm 0.221 meq/L

Calcium 151 ppm 7.535 meq/L

Organic Matter 4.08 % Magnesium 34 ppm 2.787 meq/L

SAR 0.39

SSP 7.77

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692117

Customer Sample ID: CNA-06-74.75

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.9 (6.2) - Slightly Acid

Conductivity 217 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 7 (-) ppm** 0.6 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 31 (50) ppm 1.1 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 108 (175) ppm 1.1 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,825 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 426 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 47 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 56 (-) ppm

Iron 64.90 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 4.35 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 11.20 (1.00) ppm

Copper 2.04 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.53 (1.30) ppm

Sand 30 % pH 6.8

Silt 46 % Conductivity 0.93 mmhos/cm

Clay 24 % Sodium 35 ppm 1.523 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 11 ppm 0.274 meq/L

Calcium 148 ppm 7.385 meq/L

Organic Matter 5.54 % Magnesium 37 ppm 3.074 meq/L

SAR 0.67

SSP 12.43

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692118

Customer Sample ID: CNA-07-87

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.1 (6.2) - Slightly Acid

Conductivity 125 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 6 (-) ppm** 0.7 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 34 (50) ppm 0.9 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 134 (175) ppm 0.7 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,372 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 413 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 38 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 31 (-) ppm

Iron 92.90 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.90 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 12.30 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.96 (0.16) ppm

Boron 0.87 (1.30) ppm

Limestone Requirement 10.00 lbs/1000sqft

Sand 24 % pH 6.1

Silt 50 % Conductivity 0.47 mmhos/cm

Clay 26 % Sodium 16 ppm 0.683 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 10 ppm 0.247 meq/L

Calcium 76 ppm 3.797 meq/L

Organic Matter 4.23 % Magnesium 21 ppm 1.726 meq/L

SAR 0.41

SSP 10.59

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Silt Loam

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692119

Customer Sample ID: CNA-08-106

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.6 (6.2) - Slightly Acid

Conductivity 138 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 11 (-) ppm** 0.4 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 24 (50) ppm 1.5 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 111 (175) ppm 1 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,002 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 468 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 50 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 42 (-) ppm

Iron 77.50 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 4.12 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 14.30 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.64 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.40 (1.30) ppm

Sand 26 % pH 6.4

Silt 44 % Conductivity 0.63 mmhos/cm

Clay 30 % Sodium 22 ppm 0.953 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 7 ppm 0.188 meq/L

Calcium 112 ppm 5.589 meq/L

Organic Matter 6.33 % Magnesium 29 ppm 2.409 meq/L

SAR 0.48

SSP 10.43

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692121

Customer Sample ID: CNA-09-115.112

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 5.6 (6.2) - Mod. Acid

Conductivity 158 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 7 (-) ppm** 0.6 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 19 (50) ppm 1.8 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 160 (175) ppm 0.2 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,030 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 435 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 36 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 35 (-) ppm

Iron 124.00 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 4.24 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 11.50 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.21 (0.16) ppm

Boron 0.88 (1.30) ppm

Limestone Requirement 25.00 lbs/1000sqft

Sand 20 % pH 5.8

Silt 48 % Conductivity 0.43 mmhos/cm

Clay 32 % Sodium 17 ppm 0.718 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 12 ppm 0.294 meq/L

Calcium 68 ppm 3.408 meq/L

Organic Matter 5.73 % Magnesium 21 ppm 1.693 meq/L

SAR 0.45

SSP 11.74

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Silty Clay Loam

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692122

Customer Sample ID: CNA-10-118.119

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.1 (6.2) - Mod. Acid

Conductivity 172 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 6 (-) ppm** 0.7 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 30 (50) ppm 1.2 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 222 (175) ppm 0 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,537 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 482 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 44 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 39 (-) ppm

Iron 127.00 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.95 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 8.79 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.44 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.49 (1.30) ppm

Sand 21 % pH 6.2

Silt 48 % Conductivity 0.66 mmhos/cm

Clay 31 % Sodium 18 ppm 0.788 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 20 ppm 0.517 meq/L

Calcium 111 ppm 5.539 meq/L

Organic Matter 7.05 % Magnesium 32 ppm 2.630 meq/L

SAR 0.39

SSP 8.31

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692123

Customer Sample ID: CNA-11-147

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 5.8 (6.2) - Mod. Acid

Conductivity 155 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 10 (-) ppm** 0.4 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 28 (50) ppm 1.3 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 148 (175) ppm 0.4 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,081 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 421 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 35 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 28 (-) ppm

Iron 110.00 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 4.28 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 6.81 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.51 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.05 (1.30) ppm

Limestone Requirement 15.00 lbs/1000sqft

Sand 26 % pH 6.1

Silt 45 % Conductivity 0.29 mmhos/cm

Clay 29 % Sodium 8 ppm 0.362 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 8 ppm 0.206 meq/L

Calcium 47 ppm 2.320 meq/L

Organic Matter 4.89 % Magnesium 14 ppm 1.159 meq/L

SAR 0.27

SSP 8.93

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692124

Customer Sample ID: CNA-12-OAKS

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 6.6 (6.2) - Slightly Acid

Conductivity 165 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 6 (-) ppm** 0.7 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 27 (50) ppm 1.4 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 177 (175) ppm 0 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 3,107 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 463 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 49 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 42 (-) ppm

Iron 82.10 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 6.55 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 9.23 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.70 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.93 (1.30) ppm

Sand 30 % pH 6.5

Silt 41 % Conductivity 0.70 mmhos/cm

Clay 29 % Sodium 19 ppm 0.805 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 18 ppm 0.450 meq/L

Calcium 124 ppm 6.188 meq/L

Organic Matter 7.62 % Magnesium 31 ppm 2.573 meq/L

SAR 0.38

SSP 8.04

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692125

Customer Sample ID: CNA-13-116.172

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 5.8 (6.2) - Mod. Acid

Conductivity 104 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 4 (-) ppm** 0.8 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 25 (50) ppm 1.5 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 226 (175) ppm 0 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,326 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 489 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 38 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 32 (-) ppm

Iron 115.00 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 3.53 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 5.52 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.32 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.01 (1.30) ppm

Limestone Requirement 20.00 lbs/1000sqft

Sand 27 % pH 6.0

Silt 40 % Conductivity 0.32 mmhos/cm

Clay 33 % Sodium 8 ppm 0.366 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 14 ppm 0.366 meq/L

Calcium 50 ppm 2.505 meq/L

Organic Matter 5.31 % Magnesium 15 ppm 1.258 meq/L

SAR 0.27

SSP 8.13

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

2478 TAMU

College Station, TX 77843-2478

Report generated for: (979)321-5960

Travis Ewen

Chalmette National Cemetery Visit our website: http://soiltesting.tamu.edu

55 Church St

NEW HAVEN, CT 6510

Printed on:

Chalmette, LA County not provided

Laboratory Number: 692126

Customer Sample ID: CNA-14-NORTH

Crop Grown: LAWN

Analysis Results CL* Units pH 5.9 (6.2) - Mod. Acid

Conductivity 100 (-) umho/cm None Nutrient Recommended

Nitrate-N 5 (-) ppm** 0.7 lbs N/1000sqft

Phosphorus 26 (50) ppm 1.4 lbs P2O5/1000sqft

Potassium 159 (175) ppm 0.2 lbs K20/1000sqft

Calcium 2,392 (180) ppm 0 lbs Ca/1000sqft

Magnesium 466 (50) ppm 0 lbs Mg/1000sgft

Sulfur 39 (13) ppm 0 lbs S/1000sqft

Sodium 35 (-) ppm

Iron 121.00 (4.25) ppm

Zinc 4.61 (0.27) ppm

Manganese 5.57 (1.00) ppm

Copper 1.79 (0.16) ppm

Boron 1.12 (1.30) ppm

Sand 28 % pH 5.9

Silt 37 % Conductivity 0.42 mmhos/cm

Clay 35 % Sodium 15 ppm 0.670 meq/L

Textural Class: Potassium 10 ppm 0.245 meq/L

Calcium 71 ppm 3.533 meq/L

Organic Matter 4.52 % Magnesium 20 ppm 1.628 meq/L

SAR 0.42

SSP 11.03

*CL=Critical level is the point which no additional nutrient (excluding nitrate-N, sodium and conductivity) is recommended. **ppm=mg/kg

Methods: pH and conductivity/ 2:1; nitrate-N/Cd-red.; P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B/Mehlich 3 by ICP; Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu/DTPA by ICP. ProAnalysisVer. 2.19j

9/18/2025

9/8/2025Sample received on:

ExLow VLow Low Mod High VHigh Excess.

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllllll

Apply an additional 1 lb N/1000 sqft during late summer (St. Augustine grass), mid-summer and early fall (common lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Trinity Tree Consultants, LLC www.trinitytreeconsultants.com | (225) 337-0474

October 20, 2025

Mr. Travis Ewen, ASLA, WEDG Principal/Landscape Architect Stantec Consulting Services, Inc.

RE: Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Chalmette Cemetery Tree Inventory

Introduction

Trinity Tree Consultants, LLC (Trinity) was contracted by Stantec Consulting Services, Inc. (Stantec) to assist with the assessment and management of the mature trees within Chalmette National Cemetery located in Chalmette, Louisiana. In preparation for site improvements and future development. Trinity’s role clearly, was to provide Arboricultural Consulting Guidance related to the health and integrity of the trees found on site.

The process of managing trees must begin with a proper, sound Arboricultural Assessment of the trees and the area surrounding the trees. Long-term management for proper tree care is difficult without a complete understanding or assessment of the trees and the environment immediately surrounding the trees.

Assignment

Trinity’s assignment for this effort was to perform the following tasks and provide the following information:

• Conduct a site visit to evaluate the trees and collect data related to the trees on site

(September 29, 2025)

• Complete a Tree Inventory for all trees on site, including tree number, tree species

(common and scientific name), estimated height, estimated canopy spread, DBH

(diameter at breast height), GPS (global positioning), and physically tagging each tree.

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• Provide professional comments based on education, experience, and publicly available material on the physical condition and health, tree structure, and tree form for each tree.

• Provide a professional opinion using the culmination of observations, to record curative measures and treatment recommendations.

• Tag each tree with its Tree Number (October 1, 2025)

Site Description

The Chalmette National Cemetery is located in Chalmette, Louisiana (Photo 1 of the attached

Photolog, Attachment A). It is a 17.5-acre cemetery adjacent to the site that was once the battleground of the Battle of New Orleans (Photo 2 of the attached Photolog, Attachment A). The National

Cemetery has one main entrance, located on West St Bernard Highway. The main road, Military

Cemetery Road, has curbs on each side and “ends” in a loop back to the one entrance. There are a few buildings on the entrance end of the Military Cemetery Road and a monument at the opposite end of the road, in the cul-de-sac.

Tree Inventory and Evaluation

The Tree Inventory (TI) is a necessary step in the process of managing the trees at Chalmette National

Cemetery. The TI is the foundation of this process. The trees must be evaluated with an elevated level of scrutiny, and attention is given to arboricultural details. Trees have various needs, requirements, and sensitivities, which are highly dependent on species. Trinity’s Senior Arborist, Scott Courtright, is a highly trained Consulting Arborist who evaluated each tree and assessed the current health and condition of each of the trees. Mr. Courtright was assisted in the field by Mrs. Miranda Cooper, a Degreed Horticulturist, and a Louisiana Licensed Arborist. Conducting a TI will give the arborist important data, such as species, species composition, observations, observed issues, and stresses, which are all critical to guiding the project planned on-site forward.

Each subject tree was located (Photos 3-7 of the attached Photolog, see Attachment A) and given a unique tree identification number. There are approximately 159 trees of various species surveyed in the

Chalmette National Cemetery as part of this TI. Each tree was then marked with a tree tag and affixed to the tree using aluminum nails. (Photos 8-13 of the attached Photolog, Attachment A). Special detail was utilized when installing the tree tags to place each tag at DBH and on the “not visible to the public” side of the tree being tagged. Also, the nails utilized are aluminum tags, which are not toxic to the trees or the environment. Additionally, nails were driven into the tree approximately ½ the length of the nail to allow for future growth of the tree. The tags and the nails are considered semi-permanent and will need to be monitored and evaluated, and potentially replaced as time goes on, as squirrels will chew on the tags, the trees will grow, and the tags may get weathered. Hard tagging is an excellent way to assist field crews and staff in the management of the trees by properly assisting in the identification of trees and communicating any observed issues or needs for a specific tree.

In accordance with our Scope of Work, the inventory captured: a numerical tree identification, the tree species, the estimated height and crown spread of each tree, the DBH, the current condition, the Arborist observations (health rating and observations), any curative measure recommended for each tree, and an approximate GPS coordinate for each tree. Each tree’s location can be observed on the map section included in the Photolog (Photos 3-7, in Attachment A).

Each tree was inspected by Trinity’s Senior Consulting Arborist, and a detailed inventory and the findings of each tree is reported in Attachment B of this report. In general, the subject trees are along Military

Cemetery Road, with several placed strategically throughout and between cemetery plots.

The subject trees were measured to collect a DBH (Diameter at Breast Height). This is a standard measuring application in forestry and arboriculture. The DBH of the tree allows for a forester or an arborist to gain an understanding of the relative total size or to approximate the age class of a particular tree. This measure also creates a standard unit to judge the growth of the target tree, relative to a previous measure of the same tree. The DBH of each tree is reported in inches and is reported in Attachment B.

Each subject tree was given a rating. This rating is a general rating and not intended to be a specific diagnosis. The specific diagnosis is given in the Tree Diagnosis section of this document. The tree rating is based on the observations made by the Arborist while standing at ground level and walking around the tree. When determining the tree rating, the Arborist carefully examined the roots, the habit of the tree, the crown of the tree, the overall appearance of the tree, the health, the structural integrity of the tree, and any other external characteristics of the tree. Ratings are defined as:

Excellent- The subject tree is in normal, healthy condition, and appears to be stable and in no need of immediate care. Regular care and maintenance should be considered to maintain the current condition.

Good- The subject tree is in moderately healthy condition and appears to be stable; however, in need of some immediate care and maintenance. Plant health care practices should be followed to improve the condition of the tree. The subject tree should be monitored closely to ensure that the tree does not fall into a worse condition.

Fair- The subject tree is in an unhealthy condition. The subject tree appears sickly or weak and needs immediate care. The subject tree should be monitored closely and regularly.

Poor- The subject tree is in extremely unhealthy condition. It is doubtful that any curative measure can be prescribed. The subject tree is a strong candidate for removal.

Tree ratings are based on the observations of the Trinity Senior Consulting Arborist. It is also important to note that the evaluation of these trees was subjective. Another licensed consulting arborist may have assigned a different overall rating or condition on a tree than what Trinity did; this is why we have two arborists complete the survey to reduce the variation. Professional variation can occur because there is no standard metric or protocol; every arborist may differ slightly in their evaluation technique or personal judgment of a particular tree.

The site hosted a diverse cross-section of tree species. Properly identifying the species is critical to assessing the tree, diagnosing the issues that may exist or could develop, and properly prescribing curative treatment. The species observed as part of this inventory were:

Live Oak (Quercus virginiana)

Sweet Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

Cow Oak (Quercus michauxii)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Sweet Bay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana)

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)

Nuttall Oak (Quercus texana)

Red Maple (Acer rubrum var. drummondii)

Crape Myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica)

Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Native Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)

A full list of trees inventoried and related data for each tree can be found in Appendix A. The mapped location of each tree can be found in the Photo log, Photos 3-7. Most trees inventoried were Live Oak

(Photo 14 of the attached Photo Log, Attachment A). This species dominates the landscape in South

Louisiana and most of the Coastal Plains states. The Live Oak is a strong tree that works well in urban or rural areas and can handle many environmental stresses. There are some issues observed for the specific subject trees, and some issues related to the developmental characteristics of these species.

Many of these trees are mature and have been on site for many years and decades. There are quite a few of the Live oaks that are very large, with a sprawling crown. Likewise, other trees are fairly young and may have been replanted after a natural disaster, storm, flood, or hurricane that caused a pre-existing tree to fail. There are several observations of conflict between the root system of a tree and the site infrastructure

(Photo 15 of the attached Photo Log, Attachment A). Roots sprawling out over a curb or pushing against the concrete are an issue and will need to be addressed.

Any damage noticed upon inspection of the tree was noted, whether by man or by nature. During this inventory, a common observation was damage to the basal area of many trees. This is likely caused by lawnmowers or string trimmers bumping into the trees at the root and root flare area (Photo 16 of the attached Photo Log, Attachment A). This is obviously caused by mechanical damage and can be prevented. Photo 17 of the attached Photo Log, Attachment A, shows a column of decay that was caused by either an incorrect cut of a large limb or a tear-out that was executed due to a tear-out. At either case, the column of decay has formed and is quite large, compromising the integrity of the tree. Photo 18 of the attached Photo Log, Attachment A, shows a tear out due to an included bark scenario. This is a fairly young tree, and inclusion should have been identified by the on-site Arborist prior to the failure and the tear-out. The tree has a major wound and the other two leaders in the crown are also included and separation has begun; the tree has been recommended for removal. Photo 19 of the attached Photo

Log, Attachment A, shows a headstone that has been nearly totally engulfed by the root system of a tree.

There is no known method of removing the headstone that will not harm the tree. This has occurred on-site often.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the Chalmette National Cemetery has many trees throughout the grounds, with a diverse species profile and a bit of an uneven-aged class of trees. There is always an opportunity to plant more trees, in specific locations with a thought for “right tree, right space” and consideration for future maintenance. The project required that a Tree Inventory be conducted that evaluated each tree at the site.

Trinity Tree Consultants, LLC deployed Senior Arborist Scott Courtright and assisted Arborist Miranda

Cooper to perform the Tree Inventory and evaluation of each tree. Each tree was evaluated, diagnosed, and a curative treatment was prescribed for the tree according to the current situation. In general, the trees observed as part of this inventory appeared stable and were experiencing a low to moderate level of stress, with few exceptions. Each tree was given a unique tree ID and tagged both with GPS coordinates and with physical hard tags placed on each tree. In general, Trinity observed and noted the need for regularly scheduled tree care and maintenance for all trees on site. A Tree maintenance Plan would include, but not be limited to:

• Tree Inspections – An Arborist to evaluate trees regularly (Annual is preferred, but no more than 3 years between Arborist evaluations)

• Plant Health Care – Trees utilize resources, and these resources must be restored when depleted.

Deep-root soil injections of macro and micro-nutrients is the preferred delivery method in soil for tree health care. This method delivers beneficial soil nutrients under high pressure that fractures soil particles to deliver an aqueous solution of nutrients and other soil bacteria/fungi

(mycorrhizae).

• Mulch – The proper mulching of trees may be the most beneficial and cost-effective portion of a Tree Health Care Plan. The root system of urban trees often grows in soils that are harsh and unfavorable for adequate root development and tree health/stability.

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