B08 2019_Plant_List_ABSOLUTE_FINAL_0001.pdf

The 2019 list was prepared by the FLEPPC Plant List Committee

Tony Pernas, Co-Chair, 2017-2019, National Park Service, Big Cypress National Preserve, tony_pernas@nps.gov

Dennis Giardina, Co-Chair, 2017-2019, Florida Fish and Wild-life Conservation Commission, dennis.giardina@myfwc.com

Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, janice.duquesnel@dep.state.fl.us

Alan Franck, Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences, afranck@fiu.edu

Roger L. Hammer, Retired Naturalist and Author, kaskazi44@comcast.net

John Kunzer, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, john.kunzer@myfwc.com

James Lange, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, jlange@fairchildgarden.org

Kenneth Langeland, Professor Emeritus, University of Florida/IFAS, Agronomy Department, gator8@ufl.edu

Deah Lieurance, University of Florida/IFAS, Agronomy Department, dmlieurance@ufl.edu

Chris Lockhart, Habitats Specialists Inc., chris@lockharts.org

Jean McCollom, Natural Ecosystems, jeanm@naples.net

Gil Nelson, Professor Emeritus, Florida State University/ iDigBio, gilnelson@bio.fsu.edu

Jennifer Possley, Fairchild Topical Botanic Garden, jpossley@fairchildgarden.org

Jimi L. Sadle, National Park Service, Everglades National Park, jimi_sadle@nps.gov

Dexter Sowell, Florida State University, FNAI, dsowell@fnai.fsu.edu

Jessica Spencer, US Army Corps of Engineers, jessica.e.spencer@usace.army.mil

Arthur Stiles, Florida Park Service, arthur.stiles@dep.state.fl.us

Richard P. Wunderlin, Professor Emeritus, University of South Florida, rwunder@usf.edu

FLEPPC List Definitions:

Exotic—a species introduced to Florida, purpose-fully or accidentally, from a natural range outside of Florida. Native—a species whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized exotic—an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native).

Invasive exotic— an exotic that has not only naturalized, but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant communities.

Zone: N = north, C = central, S = south, Referring to each species’ general distribution in regions of Florida (not its potential range in the state). Please refer to the map below.

north central south

Citation example:

FLEPPC. 2019 List of Invasive Plant Species.

Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Internet: www.fleppc.org

Florida Exotic Pest Plant

Council’s 2019 List of

Invasive Plant Species

The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council is to reduce the impacts of invasive plants in Florida through the exchange of scientific, educational, and technical information.

Note: The FLEPPC List of Invasive Plant Species is not a regulatory list. Only those plants listed as Federal Noxious

Weeds, Florida Noxious Weeds, Florida Prohibited Aquatic

Plants, or in local ordinances are regulated by law.

Purpose of the List

To provide a list of plants determined by the Florida Exotic

Pest Plant Council to be invasive in natural areas of Florida and routinely update the list based upon information of newly identified occurrences and changes in distribution over time. Also, to focus attention on:

• The adverse effects exotic pest plants have on Florida’s biodiversity and native plant communities,

• The habitat losses in natural areas from exotic pest plant infestations,

• The impacts on endangered species via habitat loss and alteration,

• The need for pest plant management,

• The socio-economic impacts of these plants

(e.g., increased wildfires or flooding in certain areas),

• Changes in the severity of different pest plant infestations over time,

• Providing information to help managers set priorities for research and control programs.

www.fleppc.org

For more information on invasive exotic plants including links to related web pages, visit:

www.fleppc.org

CATEGORY I

Invasive exotics that are altering native plant communities by displacing native species, changing community structures or ecological functions, or hybridizing with natives. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.

Scientific Name

Abrus precatorius

Acacia auriculiformis

Albizia julibrissin

Albizia lebbeck

Ardisia crenata

Ardisia elliptica

Asparagus aethiopicus

Bauhinia variegata

Bischofia javanica

Calophyllum antillanum

Casuarina equisetifolia

Casuarina glauca

Cenchrus purpureus

(Pennisetum purpureum)

Cinnamomum camphora

Colocasia esculenta

Colubrina asiatica

Cupaniopsis anacardioides

Deparia petersenii

Dioscorea alata

Dioscorea bulbifera

Dolichandra unguis-cati

(Macfadyena unguis-cati)

Eichhornia crassipes

Eugenia uniflora

Ficus microcarpa1

Hydrilla verticillata

Hygrophila polysperma

Hymenachne amplexicaulis

Imperata cylindrica

Ipomoea aquatica

Jasminum dichotomum

Jasminum fluminense

Lantana strigocamara2

Ligustrum lucidum

Ligustrum sinense

Lonicera japonica

Ludwigia peruviana

Lumnitzera racemosa

Luziola subintegra

Lygodium japonicum

Lygodium microphyllum

Manilkara zapota

Melaleuca quinquenervia

Common Name rosary pea earleaf acacia mimosa, silk tree woman's tongue coral ardisia shoebutton ardisia asparagus fern orchid tree bishopwood

Santa Maria

Australian-pine suckering Australian-pine elephantgrass, Napier grass camphor-tree wild taro latherleaf carrotwood

Japanese false spleenwort winged yam air potato cat's-claw vine water-hyacinth

Surinam cherry laurel fig hydrilla green hygro

West Indian marsh grass cogongrass water-spinach

Gold Coast jasmine

Brazilian Jasmine lantana, shrub verbena glossy privet

Chinese privet

Japanese honeysuckle

Peruvian primrosewillow black mangrove

Tropical American watergrass

Japanese climbing fern

Old World climbing fern sapodilla melaleuca, paper bark

Zone

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C, S

N, C

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

C, S

S

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C, S

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S

C, S

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N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

C

C, S

C, S

N, C, S

N, C

N, C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

S

S

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S

C, S

Scientific Name

Melinis repens

Microsorum grossum4

Microstegium vimineum

Mimosa pigra

Nandina domestica

Nephrolepis brownii

Nephrolepis cordifolia

Neyraudia reynaudiana

Nymphoides cristata

Paederia cruddasiana

Paederia foetida

Panicum repens

Pistia stratiotes

Psidium cattleianum

Psidium guajava

Pueraria montana var. lobata

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Ruellia simplex

Salvinia minima

Scaevola taccada

Schefflera actinophylla

Schinus terebinthifolia

Scleria lacustris

Scleria microcarpa*

Senna pendula var. glabrata

Solanum tampicense

Solanum viarum

Sporobolus jacquemontii

Syngonium podophyllum

Syzygium cumini

Tectaria incisa

Thelypteris opulenta

Thespesia populnea

Tradescantia fluminensis

Tradescantia spathacea

Triadica sebifera

(Sapium sebiferum)

Urena lobata

Urochloa mutica

Vitex rotundifolia

Common Name

Natalgrass serpent fern, wart fern

Japanese stiltgrass catclaw mimosa heavenly bamboo, nandina

Asian sword fern sword fern

Burma reed crested floatingheart sewer vine skunk vine torpedograss water-lettuce stawberry guava guava kudzu downy rose-myrtle

Mexican petunia water spangles beach naupaka, half-flower schefflera, umbrella tree

Brazilian pepper

Wright's nutrush tropical nutrush

Christmas senna, climbing cassia wetland night shade tropical soda apple

West Indian dropseed arrowhead vine

Java plum incised halberd fern jeweled maidenhair fern seaside mahoe small-leaf spiderwort oyster plant

Chinese tallow-tree

Caesar's weed paragrass beach vitex

Zone

C, S

S

N

C, S

N, C

C, S

N, C, S

S

C, S

S

N, C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

C, S

C, S

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C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

S

S

C, S

N, C

N

Scientific Name

Adenanthera pavonina

Agave sisalana

Alstonia macrophylla

Alternanthera philoxeroides

Antigonon leptopus

Ardisia japonica

Aristolochia elegans

(Aristolochia littoralis)

Asystasia gangetica

Begonia cucullata

Broussonetia papyrifera

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Callisia fragrans

Casuarina cunninghamiana

Cecropia palmata

Cenchrus polystachios

(Pennisetum polystachios)

Cenchrus setaceus

(Pennisetum setaceum)

Cestrum diurnum

Chamaedorea seifrizii

Clematis terniflora

Cocos nucifera

Crassocephalum crepidioides

Cryptostegia madagascariensis

Cyperus involucratus

Cyperus prolifer

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Dalbergia sissoo

Dalechampia scandens*

Distimake tuberosus

(Merremia tuberosa)

Dracaena hyacinthoides

(Sansevieria hyacinthoides)

Elaeagnus pungens

Elaeagnus umbellata

Epipremnum pinnatum cv.

‘Aureum’

Eulophia graminea

Ficus altissima

Flacourtia indica

Hemarthria altissima

Heteropterys brachtiata

Hyparrhenia rufa

Ipomoea carnea subsp fistulosa

Kalanchoe x houghtonii

Kalanchoe pinnata red sandalwood sisal hemp devil tree alligatorweed coral vine

Japanese ardisia calico flower

Ganges primrose wax begonia paper mulberry large-leafed mangrove

Inch plant river sheoak trumpet tree mission grass fountain grass day jessamine bamboo palm

Japanese clematis coconut palm redflower ragleaf

Madagascar rubbervine umbrella plant dwarf papyrus

Durban crow's-foot grass

Indian rosewood, sissoo spurge-creeper

Spanish arbor vine, wood-rose bowstring hemp silverthorn, thorny olive autumn olive, silverberry pothos

Chinese crown orchid council tree, false banyan governor's plum limpograss redwing jaragua shrub morning-glory mother of millions life plant

Zone

S

C, S

S

N, C, S

N, C, S

N

N, C, S

S

C, S

C, S

N, C

S

C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

N, C

N

S

C, S

S

N, C, S

C, S

Scientific Name

Koelreuteria elegans subsp.

formosana

Landoltia punctata

Leucaena leucocephala

Limnophila sessiliflora

Livistona chinensis

Macroptilium lathyroides

Melaleuca viminalis

(Callistemon viminalis)

Melia azedarach

Melinis minutiflora

Mikania micrantha

Momordica charantia

Murraya paniculata

Myriophyllum spicatum

Passiflora biflora

Phoenix reclinata

Phyllostachys aurea

Pittosporum pentandrum

Platycerium bifurcatum

Praxelis clematidea

Pteris vittata

Ptychosperma elegans

Richardia grandiflora

Ricinus communis

Rotala rotundifolia

Ruellia blechum

Sesbania punicea

Sida planicaulis

Solanum diphyllum

Solanum torvum

Spermacoce verticillata3

Sphagneticola trilobata

Stachytarpheta cayennensis

Syagrus romanzoffiana

Syzygium jambos

Talipariti tiliaceum

Terminalia catappa

Terminalia muelleri

Tribulus cistoides

Urochloa maxima

(Panicum maximum)

Vernicia fordii

Vitex trifolia

Washingtonia robusta

Wisteria sinensis

Xanthosoma sagittifolium flamegold tree spotted duckweed leadtree

Asian marshweed

Chinese fan palm wild bushbean bottlebrush

Chinaberry molasses grass mile-a-minute vine balsam-apple orange-jessamine

Eurasian water-milfoil twin-flowered passion vine

Senegal date palm golden bamboo

Taiwanese cheesewood staghorn fern praxelis

Chinese brake, ladder brake solitary palm largeflower Mexican clover castorbean dwarf rotala, roundleaf toothcup green shrimp plant rattlebox mata-pasto twinleaf nightshade turkey berry shrubby false buttonweed wedelia nettle-leaf porterweed queen palm

Malabar plum, rose-apple mahoe, sea hibiscus tropical-almond

Australian–almond puncture vine, burr-nut

Guineagrass tung-oil tree simple-leaf chastetree

Washington fan palm

Chinese wisteria malanga, elephant ear

Zone

N,C, S

C, S

C S

S

N, C, S

S

N, C, S

S

C, S

N, C

S

S

C

N, C, S

S

N, C, S

N, C, S

S

N, C, S

N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

N, C, S

C, S

N, C, S

S

C, S

N, C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

C, S

N, C

1 Does not include Ficus microcarpa var. fuyuensis, which is sold as “green island ficus”.

2 Historically this non-native has been referred to as Lantana camara, a species not known to occur in Florida.

3 Does not include the native endemic Spermacoce neoterminalis.

4 Microsorum grossum has been previously misidentified as Microsorum scolopendria.

* Added to the FLEPPC List of Invasive Species in 2019.

Plant names are those published in the Atlas of Florida Plants (http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu). For historical species nomenclature see “Guide to Vascular

Plants of Florida Third Edition.” Wunderlin and Hansen, University of Florida Press. 2011.

CATEGORY II

Invasive exotics that have increased in abundance or frequency but have not yet altered Florida plant communities to the extent shown by Category 1 species. These species may become Category 1 if ecological damage is demonstrated.