Submitted to:

Ulster County 313 Shamrock Lane Kingston, NY 12401 p 845-389-3176 e dgru@co.ulster.ny.us

Prepared by:

Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc.

1744 Washington Avenue Ext.

Rensselaer, New York 12144 p +1 518 283 0534 f +1 518 283 6276 e hartgen@hartgen.com www.hartgen.com

An ACRA Member Firm www.acra-crm.org

August 2026

ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

Matthewis Persen House Roof, Stormwater Drainage & Site Work

CFA #141080/EPF 241080

Matthewis Persen House City of Kingston Ulster County, NY

HAA 6435-MON-PLAN

24PR11605

Matthewis Persen House Roof, Stormwater Drainage & Site Work, Ulster County, City of Kingston, NY Archeological Monitoring Plan i

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

SHPO Number: 24PR11605

Involved Agencies: New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

(OPRHP)

State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)

Phase of survey: Archeological monitoring plan

LOCATION INFORMATION

Municipality: City of Kingston

County: Ulster

ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN OVERVIEW

Monitoring Area: 0.21 acres (857 m2)

Known Precontact Sites: Matthewis Persen House Site (USN 11140.003122)

Known Historic Sites: Matthewis Persen House (USN 11140.000108)

Monitoring Objective: The Archeological Monitor will observe the Contractor’s excavations across the entire Project as the whole APE can be considered archeologically sensitive. The bounds of all planned ground disturbances are well defined so the expected disturbances are horizontally limited, but with some excavations extending to 60 inches below surface the vertical integrity of the site will be adversely affected by the planned work. Monitoring will continue to add to temporal understandings of the House and provide further documentation of potential features dating as far back as the 17th century and continue to increase the richness of the historical record of the Matthewis Persen House.

Report Authors: Samuel Bourcy, MA RPA

Date of Report: August 18, 2026 ii

TABLE of CONTENTS

ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

1 Introduction

1.1 Project Description

2 Historical and Environmental Context 3 Archeological Monitoring Methodology

3.1 Objective

3.2 Archeological Research Questions

3.3 Monitoring

3.3.1 Data Recovery Measures

3.3.2 Feature Excavation

3.3.3 Unit Excavation

3.4 Communication Plan

3.5 Human remains

3.6 Artifacts and Laboratory

3.7 Curation

3.8 Report Preparation

4 Health and Safety 5 Bibliography

Maps Appendix 1: State Historic Preservation Office/New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Human Discovery Protocol (January 2025) Appendix 2: Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians Policy for Treatment and Disposition of Human Remains and Cultural Items Appendix 3: Delaware National Historic Preservation Inadvertent Discovery Policy & Protocols for Archaeology Consultation

Table List

Table 1. Project contacts

Map List

Map 1. Project Location Map 2. Project Map Map 3. Proposed Ground Disturbance Map

Figure List

Figure 1. Proposed ground disturbance locations for Project highlighted in yellow, orange, and green (Drawing courtesy of Thaler Reilly Wilson Architecture & Preservation, 2026).

Figure 2. Schematic Designs of the proposed garden layout at the Matthewis Persen House with location of test trenches overlain (highlighted in red). Designs from the early 2000’s renovation project.

ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

1 Introduction

This document constitutes the Archeological Monitoring Plan for the proposed Matthewis Persen House Roof, Stormwater Drainage & Site Work (Project) located in the Town of Kingston, Ulster County, New York. This investigation will be conducted to comply with Section 14.09 of the State Historic Preservation Act and will be reviewed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). The investigation was conducted according to the New York Archaeological Council’s Standards for Cultural Resource Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections (1994), which are endorsed by OPRHP. This report has been prepared according to OPRHP’s State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) Phase I Archaeological Report Format Requirements (2005).

1.1 Project Description

The Project is located within the City of Kingston, NY (Map 1). The proposed work will involve the restoration of the National Register Listed (NRL) Matthewis Persen (USN 11140.000108) roof and drainage systems which would include ground disturbing activities such as trenching and the installation of new underground drainage pipes as well as the removal of existing utilities where necessary. Ground disturbances are projected to extend no deeper than 60 inches below surface but could be variable depending on site conditions. The area of potential effects (APE) encompasses approximately 857 m2 (0.21 acres) (Map 2).

2 Historical and Environmental Context

The Matthewis Persen House is at the corner of John and Crown Streets in Kingston, New York (Map 2), within the Hudson Valley and east of the Catskill Mountains. The Hudson River lies to the east, with Esopus Creek to the north and Rondout Creek to the south. Both creeks enter the Hudson within approximately 17 kilometers (11 mi) of each other and historically provided access between the Catskill Mountains and the Hudson River corridor.

The APE is level and contains no steeply sloped areas. Slopes greater than 12 percent are generally considered unsuitable for sustained human occupation, New York State archeological fieldwork standards typically exclude them from testing (NYAC 1994).

Previous surveys classified the soils within the APE, which inform archeological sensitivity by indicating past climatic conditions and changes in local hydrography. The APE contains Riverhead fine sandy loams formed in a proglacial delta during the last ice age. Sandy loams extend to approximately 125 centimeters (49 in) below the surface, with sand continuing to approximately 158 cm (62 in). No hydric soils are anticipated.

Humans have occupied the area of present-day New York State for nearly 14,000 years, over which time they have left behind a great deal of archeological and historical evidence. Examination of that evidence for the surrounding region forms the basis for assessing the APE’s archeological sensitivity.

The APE has high archeological sensitivity. Within one mile of the Matthewis Persen House are 30 known archeological sites which include 22 precontact sites, six historic sites, and two cemeteries. Their number indicates long-standing use of the surrounding area. Most relevant to the proposed ground disturbance is the Matthewis Persen House Site (USN 11140.003122), which lies within the Project boundaries. Materials identified by the survey at this site represent those most likely to be encountered during the proposed work, including stone projectile points, lithic flakes, fire-cracked rock, precontact pottery, historic metals, ceramics, glass, clay pipes, and other European-manufactured goods.

The Matthewis Persen House is a 17th-century structure associated with the initial European colonization of the area and is listed in the National Register (USN 11140.000108). This pre-Revolutionary structure has been a historical aspect of the City of Kingston since 1664 when Jan Hendrickse Persen constructed the house and passed it to his son Matthys Persen. After it burned down during the Burning of Kingston during the

Revolutionary War. The surrounding yard, including the area proposed for excavation, may contain materials associated with the earliest occupants of the region, contact between Indigenous peoples and European colonists, as well as the later owners of the property who changed their use of the structure from personal residence to public house, and then back to a personal residence. The historic documentation of these ownership changes suggests significant changes to the yard landscapes over the previous three centuries. This could mean a variety of alterations to the yard space have occurred and left notable subsurface evidence.

Previous archeological work, conducted by Dr. Joseph Diamond (Diamond 2004) and Jay R. Cohen, Inc. (Jay R. Cohen, Inc. 2004) in 2004, included a Phase 3 data recovery around the immediate vicinity of the House documented in Figure 1 and a Phase 1B as documented in Figure 2. This work was conducted as part of the Matthewis Persen House renovation project and ahead of gardens proposed for installation at the Matthewis Persen House by the City of Kingston. The gardens were never installed. The excavation locations conducted during these surveys are visible in Figure 1 along the west and north sides of the house as well as to the south (blue highlights in Figure 1) and in Figure 2 further out into the yard to the south and east of the house.

The Phase 3 excavations of Units 1 and 2 along the north and west of the house identified pipestems, rubble from house repairs, earthenwares, window glass, Dutch ‘Roemers’ or drinking glasses, a burn layer from the Burning of Kingston (1663), and a variety of ceramics dating back to the late 17th century. The excavations of these two units also identified precontact projectile points (Levanna, Orient Fishtail, and Meadowood-like), fire cracked rock (FCR), and lithic debitage from stone tool maintenance (Diamond 2004:34–37; Jay R. Cohen, Inc.

2004).

Figure 1. Proposed ground disturbance locations for Project highlighted in yellow, orange, and green (Drawing courtesy of Thaler Reilly Wilson Architecture & Preservation , 2026).

Figure 2. Schematic Designs of the proposed garden layout at the Matthewis Persen House with location of test trenches overla in (highlighted in red). Designs from the early 2000’s renovation project.

Unit 14 and shovel tests 1, 2, and 3 all identified a similar assemblage of artifact types but at higher quantities and including a trade bead showing use of the land during the Contact period between Europeans and Indigenous Americans. This points to the land being utilized and occupied before during and after European contact and colonization (Diamond 2004:62–65).

The results of the survey from the Phase 1B work identified an almost identical assemblage of artifacts but as the focus of this work was to record the subsurface stratigraphy it also identified a regular progression of 18th and 19th century surfaces with few modern disturbances (Jay R. Cohen, Inc. 2004). The 18th century surfaces also appeared to contain 17th century materials so the full extent of the House’s existence, from construction to the modern day, is expected to be represented in the remaining material record. Additionally, anywhere not known to be previously disturbed is very likely to be archeologically intact and with a predictable progression of artifact types descending through each stratigraphic layer.

Broadly, the location of the APE near navigable waterways that provided food, water, and transportation supports the potential for a rich and continuous archeological record within the proposed ground disturbance areas. Monitoring should therefore expect to encounter cultural materials and features representing the full span of human occupation in the region, extending back approximately 14,000 years. Higher quantities of artifacts and features should be expected in all locations of ground disturbance in the Matthewis Persen House yard.

3 Archeological Monitoring Methodology

3.1 Objective

The objective of the archeological monitoring is to identify and document archeological deposits that may be encountered in areas that were previously inaccessible for archeological survey. The area to be monitored is within the small yard space surrounding the Matthewis Persen House and will be generally confined to predetermined trenches to be excavated for the removal of older drainage utilities and the installation of new utilities (Figure 1). Ground disturbance is expected up to depths of 60 inches (~152 cm) in certain areas but could extend deeper depending on site conditions.

3.2 Archeological Research Questions

The following research questions provide a framework for documenting any significant deposits that are impacted during construction. It is not guaranteed that these will be answered, and the study will not be limited to these questions:

• Is there evidence of former outbuildings or additions to the Matthewis Persen house that have since been removed?

• Are the known 17th and 18th century surfaces or deposits still intact and are there visible features that could help further define what activities occurred in the yard?

3.3 Monitoring

The Archeological Monitor will observe the Contractor’s excavations across the entire Project as the entire APE can be considered archeologically sensitive, including the specific locations of planned ground disturbance (Map 3). On the basis of observations, the Archeological Monitor may request a short-term cessation of work in order to record information or to more thoroughly evaluate exposed archeological deposits. This could include 15 minutes of stoppage to only photograph the cultural resource and/or 2 hours of stoppage to photograph, draw, and measure a specific cultural resource. This would be for resources such as in-situ historic foundations or other large scale archeological features identified in the areas if planned ground disturbance.

The Archeological Monitor may direct the Contractor’s workers in the use of machinery on a limited basis to assist in the exposure of particular material of archeological importance. This assistance will comprise work which would otherwise be done without archeological involvement, but where archeological direction can ensure that significant material is not disturbed.

The Archeological Monitoring will inspect excavation areas, soil profiles, backdirt piles, and will collect artifact and soil samples as appropriate. The Monitor will map and document all archeological deposits using field notes, photography, and measured scale drawings. The locations of archeological deposits will be mapped with an EOS Arrow GPS Unit.

3.3.1 Data Recovery Measures

If the Archeological Monitor identifies National Register eligible archeological deposits that cannot be adequately recorded during a short cessation of work and cannot be avoided, the Archeological Monitor will consult with the involved parties identified in the Communication Plan (Section 3.4) to determine the appropriate level of effort to be devoted to data recovery. The length of the necessary work could extend to 2 days of stoppage to allow for sufficient archeological excavation efforts. The archeological monitor will endeavor to complete communications to determine the necessary level of effort within 24 hours. During this time, work in the immediate vicinity of the find must halt and the area of concern fenced or otherwise protected from construction activities. Once the area is secured activity in other portions of the site may continue during the consultation process.

3.3.2 Feature Excavation

Features encountered will be bisected, recorded, and excavated by stratigraphic levels. All artifacts will be collected. Samples of feature soils and/or charcoal will be collected as appropriate. Profiles and plan view will be drawn when appropriate. The location of each feature will be mapped with a Trimble GPS unit and plotted on the project map. Feature excavations will be photographed.

3.3.3 Unit Excavation

Where deemed appropriate to investigate findings, units will be excavated with typical dimensions of 1 x 1 meter and will be passed through 0.25-inch hardware mesh and examined for both precontact (Native American) and historic artifacts. Records of soils depths, Munsell colors, textures, artifact content, and other relevant observations will be kept. Profiles and plan view will be drawn when appropriate. The location of each unit will be mapped with a Trimble GPS unit and plotted on the project map. Unit excavation fieldwork and unit wall stratigraphy will be photographed.

3.4 Communication Plan

The project contacts are listed in Table 1 below:

Table 1. Project contacts

Project role Agency/Organization Contact person Contact information

Archeological Monitoring Hartgen Archeological

Associates, Inc.

Samuel Bourcy e. sbourcy@hartgen.com

p. 838.900.3518

Project sponsor Ulster County David C. Gruskiewicz e. edgru@co.ulster.ny.us

p. 845.389.3176

Engineer/Architect Thaler Reilly Wilson

Architecture & Preservation

Stephen F. Reilly

e. sreilly@trw - arch.com

p. 518.375.3162

Permitting and Reviewing agency

SHPO Josalyn Ferguson, Ph.D e.

Josalyn.Ferguson@parks.ny.gov

p. 518.268.2166

Consulting parties St. Regis Mohawk Tribe

THPO

Darren Bonaparte e. darren.bonaparte@srmt -nsn.gov

p. 518.358.2272 x2163

Stockbridge - Munsee

Mohican THPO

Jeffrey Bendremer e. thpo@mohican - nsn.gov

p. 413.884.6029

Delaware Nation THPO Katelyn Lucas e. klucas@delawarenation -nsn.gov

p. 405.246.2448

Delaware Tribe of Indians

THPO

Martina Thomas e. mthomas@delawaretribe.org

p. 918.337.6590 x111

Contractor TBD TBD TBD

• The Archeological Monitor and the Contractor will communicate to identify which construction activities require monitoring.

• The Contractor will notify the Archeological Monitor at least 1 week in advance of the start of excavations within the designated monitoring area.

• Involved parties will be notified at the start and end of archeological monitoring.

• The Archeological Monitor will distribute periodic status updates by email as findings warrant.

• If the Archeological Monitor identifies National Register eligible archeological deposits that cannot be adequately recorded during a short cessation of work and cannot be avoided, the Archeological Monitor will consult with the involved parties to determine the appropriate level of effort to be devoted to data recovery.

mailto:sbourcy@hartgen.com mailto:edgru@co.ulster.ny.us sreilly@trw-arch.com mailto:Josalyn.Ferguson@parks.ny.gov darren.bonaparte@srmt-nsn.gov darren.bonaparte@srmt-nsn.gov thpo@mohican-nsn.gov klucas@delawarenation-nsn.gov klucas@delawarenation-nsn.gov mthomas@delawaretribe.org

• The Archeological Monitor will promptly notify involved parties of any unanticipated discoveries (e.g. human remains), highly significant findings, or unintended impacts to cultural resources while the fieldwork is in progress.

• The contractor has not been selected and when contact information becomes available the Communication Plan will be updated.

3.5 Human remains

If human remains are discovered during monitoring, the Archeological Monitor will notify the project contacts listed above and will implement the human remains discovery protocol in Appendix 1-3. Monitoring does not include the study, storage, or re-internment of any human finds, beyond the initial identification, field documentation, and reporting of any such finds.

3.6 Artifacts and Laboratory

All precontact (Native American) cultural material identified during the fieldwork will be collected. Significant historic artifacts such as glass, ceramics, food remains, hardware, and miscellaneous items will be collected.

Coal, ash, cinder, brick, and modern materials will be noted. Artifacts collected will be placed in paper or plastic bags labeled by provenience and inventoried in a bag list. Artifacts will be cleaned and entered into a Microsoft Access database that will be included in tabular format in the report.

3.7 Curation

The cultural material assemblage from the data recovery study will make an important contribution to the study of New York history. As such, the collection should be placed in a suitable repository where it will be available for archeologists and other scholars to use in comparative analyses and studies. The New York State Museum (NYSM) is considered a suitable final repository for the collection. If the NYSM does not accept the collection, Hartgen will work with SHPO to find a viable alternative repository.

3.8 Report Preparation

An archeological monitoring report will be prepared in a format acceptable to OPRHP. As appropriate, the report will contain text, tables, color maps and photographs, stratigraphic profiles, and an artifact inventory.

The report will include sufficient detail to allow future archeologists to make informed decisions regarding the presence or absence of archeological materials at depths greater than the current Project’s impacts. If Data Retrieval excavations are undertaken, the report will include historical context and comparative data sufficient to interpret the deposits and to address the research questions above and/or other questions that emerge during fieldwork.

4 Health and Safety

Archeological monitoring will involve working near heavy equipment. There is a potential for incidents involving personnel being struck by or against heavy equipment or materials, resulting in fractures, cuts, punctures, crushing, or death.

The Archeological Monitor shall take the following precautions:

• Wear the following personal protective equipment (PPE) in additional to standard field attire: hard hats, bright colored vests, and safety glasses.

• Be visible to and communicate clearly with the equipment operator, especially when intending to move into the area where the backhoe arm can reach.

• Do not stand behind or approach any machine from the rear. Do not stand alongside any machine unless clearly visible to the operator.

• Work directly with the operator using an agreed-upon set of hand signals and clearly signal, visually and audibly, when operation should halt.

• Maintain frequent eye contact with the equipment operator and always be aware of speed and direction of travel.

• Never work in front of or under moving equipment.

• Make sure equipment operator can see you at all times.

The Archeological Monitor will follow safe work practices as described in Hartgen’s corporate Health and Safety Plan (Appendix 2).

5 Bibliography

Diamond, Joseph E. 2004. Archaeological Excavations at the Matthewis Persen House, Kingston NY: Volume 1.

Kingston, NY.

Jay R. Cohen, Inc. 2004. Preliminary Archaeological Testing at the Matthewis Persen House Garden. Jay R. Cohen, Inc., Kingston, NY.

New York Archaeological Council. 1994. Standards for Cultural Resource Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections in New York State. New York Archaeological Council.

Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). 2005. New York State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) Phase I Archaeological Report Requirements. OPRHP, Waterford, New York.

Maps

Appendix 1: State Historic Preservation Office/New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Human Discovery Protocol (January 2025)

Division for Historic Preservation

P.O. Box 189, Waterford, New York 12188-0189 • (518) 237-8643 • www.nysparks.com

State Historic Preservation Office/ New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation

Human Remains Discovery Protocol (January 2025)

If human remains are encountered during construction or archaeological investigations for projects being reviewed under Section 14.09 of the State Historic Preservation Act or Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the New York State Historic Preservation Office (“SHPO”) recommends that the following protocol be implemented.

• Human remains shall be treated with dignity and respect. Should human remains or suspected human remains be encountered, work in the general area of the discovery shall stop immediately and the location shall be secured and protected from damage and disturbance.

• If skeletal remains are identified and the archaeologist is not able to conclusively determine if they are human, the remains and any associated materials shall be left in place. A qualified forensic anthropologist, bioarchaeologist, or physical anthropologist shall assess the remains in situ to help determine if they are human.

• If the remains are determined to be human, law enforcement, the SHPO, the appropriate

Indigenous Nations, and the involved state and federal agencies shall be notified immediately.

If law enforcement determines that the burial site is not a criminal matter, no skeletal remains or associated materials shall be removed until appropriate consultation has concluded.

• If human remains are determined to be Indigenous, they shall be left in place and protected from further disturbance until a plan for their avoidance or removal is fully implemented. Please note that avoidance is the preferred option of the SHPO and the Indigenous Nations. The involved agency shall consult SHPO and the appropriate Indigenous Nations to develop a plan of action. Photographs of Indigenous human remains and associated materials should not be taken without consulting with the involved Indigenous Nations.

• If human remains are determined to be non-Indigenous, the remains shall be left in place and protected from further disturbance until a plan for their avoidance or removal is fully implemented. Please note that avoidance is the preferred option of the SHPO. The involved agency shall consult SHPO and other appropriate parties to develop a plan of action.

• The SHPO recommends that burial information is not released to the public to protect burial sites from possible looting.

NOTE: If human remains are encountered outside of a Section 14.09 or Section 106 project, you must follow the procedures of the New York State Unmarked Burial Site Protection Act (https://nysm.nysed.gov/unmarked-burial-site-protection-act).

Appendix 2: Stockbridge - Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians Policy for Treatment and Disposition of Human Remains and Cultural Items

Stockbridge-Munsee Community

Band of Mohican Indians Policy for

Treatment and Disposition of Human Remains and Cultural Items That May be Discovered Inadvertently

Purpose The purpose of this policy is to outline procedures that will be followed by all agencies, contractors or others in the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains or cultural materials that are identified as potentially Stockbridge-Munsee (Mohican).

Treatment and Disposition of Human Remains and Cultural Items

1) The federal agency or contractor shall contact the Stockbridge-Munsee Community immediately, but no later than three days after the discovery of the remains and/or artifacts at the contact information below:

updated September 2022

Jeff Bendremer, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (THPO) thpo@mohican-nsn.gov 413-884-6029 office 715-881-2254 cell

If unavailable, contact:

Bonney Hartley, Tribal Historic Preservation Manager

Bonney.Hartley@mohican-nsn.gov 413-884-6048 office

Monique Tyndall, Cultural Affairs Director

Monique.Tyndall@mohican-nsn.gov 715-793-4270 office

Linda Mohawk Katchenago, Administrator

Linda.Katchenago@mohican-nsn.gov 715-793-4355 office

2) Place tobacco with human remains and/or funeral objects.

3) Cover remains and funeral objects with a natural fiber cloth such as cotton or muslin when possible.

4) No photographs will be taken.

5) The preferred treatment of inadvertently discovered cultural materials and/or human remains is to leave them in-situ (in place) and protect them from further disturbance.

6) Non-destructive “in-field” documentation of the remains and cultural items shall be carried out only in consultation with the Tribe, who will determine appropriate methods of recordation depending upon the circumstances.

7) If the remains and cultural items are to remain in-situ, the requirements of 43 CFR 10 Sections 10.4–10.6 will have been fulfilled.

8) The specific location(s) of discovery shall be withheld from disclosure (with the exception of local law officials and tribal officials as described above) and protected to the fullest extent by federal law.

9) If remains and funeral objects are to be removed from the site, specific procedures and considerations will be determined by Stockbridge-Munsee Tribe in consultation with the federal agency.

mailto:thpo@mohican-nsn.gov mailto:Monique.Tyndall@mohican-nsn.gov

Appendix 3: Delaware National Historic Preservation Inadvertent Discovery Policy & Protocols for Archaeology Consultation

DELAWARE NATION HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Inadvertent Discovery Policy & Protocols for Archaeology Consultation

The purpose of this policy is to outline procedures and expectations for tribal consultation to be followed by all agencies, contractors, etc. during ALL archaeological work, and/or in the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains or cultural archaeological materials affiliated as Native American within Delaware Nation’s homelands and areas of interest.

Procedures for Inadvertent Discovery of Funerary Remains and Objects:

1. If ANY potentially sensitive Native American archaeological resources (see list on next page), human remains, or animal burials are encountered, all onsite work shall cease in the immediate area with a 50-foot buffer of the discovery location until Delaware Nation is consulted or unless prior agreements are in place. See list on next page for resources or feature warranting notification to our office.

2. The lead agency shall contact the following representatives immediately (concurrently with the SHPO):

3. Place tobacco (looseleaf preferred) with human remains and/or funerary objects if possible, and cover and/or wrap them with a natural fiber cloth such as cotton or muslin (unbleached).

4. Absolutely NO photographs are to be taken of human remains, animal burials, or funerary objects, nor drawings made, unless deemed necessary in consultation with Delaware Nation. Any photographs or drawings should be redacted from any reports that will be broadly distributed, along with locational details. Just using written or textual descriptions of sites is preferred.

5. Human or animal remains and any items deemed funerary or sacred should NOT be cleaned or processed, and handling should be limited. Non-destructive “in-field” documentation of the remains and cultural items shall be carried out in consultation with Delaware Nation, who will determine appropriate methods of recordation depending upon the circumstances.

6. The preferred treatment of funerary materials and human or animal burials is to leave them in-situ (in place) and protect them from further disturbance. If remains and/or cultural items are to remain in-situ, the requirements of 43 CFR 10 Sections 10.4-10.6 will have been fulfilled.

7. Our preference is that NO remains or potential funerary artifacts should be taken off site and should be housed in on-site facilities until Delaware Nation consults on next steps. If remains or artifacts must be removed from the site, procedures must be determined in consultation with Delaware Nation.

Delaware Nation requests that no artifacts, but especially funerary remains and objects, should ever be removed from the state they were found in, including for lab documentation or analysis purposes.

8. The specific location(s) of discoveries shall be withheld from public disclosure (with the exception of local law officials, necessary consulting agencies, and tribal officials as described above) and protected to the fullest extent by federal law.

Carissa Speck, Historic Preservation Director cspeck@delawarenation-nsn.gov 405-901-1715 x 1301

Katelyn Lucas, Historic Preservation Officer klucas@delawarenation-nsn.gov 405-544-8115

DELAWARE NATION HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Inadvertent Discovery Policy & Protocols for Tribal Consultation

Delaware Nation’s Historic Preservation Office treats ALL discoveries of Native American materials or features during any archaeological survey work and/or data recovery work essentially the same as inadvertent discoveries. We request daily or weekly updates on what artifacts and features are found (if any) so that we can consult on ALL stages of the work. We may send tribal monitors to be onsite during work, but still request updates regardless of whether or not we sent monitors to ensure everyone is kept informed and given time to review findings. Even in data recovery work where we expect that artifacts and/or remains will need to be removed and relocated to avoid destruction, we still expect to be consulted throughout the process to ensure all potential funerary or otherwise sacred materials are identified correctly and handled properly.

General Guidelines for Archaeological Work:

• NO artifacts should be taken off site, cleaned, processed, or be subject to invasive/destructive analysis—and should be housed in the on-site facilities—until they are reviewed by consulting Tribal Nations. We underscore NO cleaning until review, for cleaning both disrespects tribal protocols for sensitive materials and could destroy valuable scientific evidence on materials

• Our preference if human remains, animal burials, and/or funerary objects are discovered is always to leave them in-situ, halt all further work (following procedures on previous page), and request that projects avoid further impacts to the site

• If, in consultation with Delaware Nation, it is determined that funerary remains or objects canNOT be left in-situ and must be removed to protect them from destruction:

Any soils or other materials collected with them or having touched them should be kept with them, as Delaware Nation will also want those repatriated. This includes ALL materials found in one soil profile above and below, even charcoal, soil samples, any debitage or other items

General Guidelines for Identifying Sensitive Materials:

Anything found within the same soil profile, or one soil profile above and below, of human remains OR animal burials is also considered funerary by our office and should be treated as such. We will want to review more closely anything else found within half a mile of the location so that we can assess the broader cultural landscape. Workers should be able to provide general information on where materials are being found even during ongoing work, so that we can flag other potentially sensitive sites. Below is a general list of items we would flag as sensitive even if remains are not immediately present, and request be treated as sensitive unless we receive additional information that would suggest otherwise.

• Human remains

• Animal burials or remains of unusual or non-food species (dog, eagle, hawk, bear, turtle, otter, fisher)

• Shell middens

• Pottery in the following categories: complete pieces, pieces with effigies, large deposits, pieces intentionally/ceremonially broken

• Anything with carvings or effigies

• Crystals, fossils, fossilized teeth or bone

• Wampum or treaty medals

• Any metal or metal alloy materials including copper or brass wire, pendants, clothing adornments

• Any fabrics, textiles, and/or woven items including grass mats, especially if found in proximity to personal items

• Any materials with evidence of painting on them, painting making, or storage of paints, especially ochre

• Large deposits of debitage, points, tools, especially ones that look like they were intentionally/ceremonially broken

• Anything found with evidence of burning

• ALL personal items: including beads, jewelry, pendants, earrings, mirrors, combs, pipes (either complete pipes or pipe fragments), and human or animal figures. Sensitive beads include beads made of shell, bone/ivory, clay, wood, stone, or glass. European trade beads were adopted by Native Americans and used for personal clothing, jewelry, and ceremonial pieces.