ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND INADVERTENT DISCOVERY PLAN FOR THE

OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

SALEM MOTOR POOL SOLAR PROJECT,

SALEM, MARION COUNTY, OREGON

Prepared for

Department of Administrative Services

Salem, Oregon

July 28, 2025

REPORT NO. 5468

Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc.

3510 NE 122nd Ave. ● Portland, OR ● 97230 Phone 503 761‐6605 ● Fax 503 761‐6620

DAS Salem Motor Pool Solar Project, Salem, Marion County, Oregon July 28, 2025

Archaeological Monitoring Plan and Inadvertent Discovery Plan AINW Report No. 5468

‐1‐

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING

AND INADVERTENT DISCOVERY PLAN FOR THE

OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

SALEM MOTOR POOL SOLAR PROJECT,

SALEM, MARION COUNTY, OREGON

INTRODUCTION

The Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS) is proposing upgrades to install solar arrays to the south of the Salem Motor Pool parking lot in the city of Salem, Marion County, Oregon. The project is in Section 36 of Township 7 South, Range 3 West, Willamette Meridian (Figure 1). A 2.12‐acre area was originally proposed for the project, but this was later reduced to 0.93 acres, and the eastern portion was removed from the project (Figure 2). The project area consists of a grassy field that is bounded by the Salem Motor Pool to the north, Ryan Drive SE to the west, the AAA Salem Service Center to the south, and undeveloped fields to the east. The project is entirely on State of Oregon‐owned land managed by DAS.

The proposed construction includes vegetation removal where the solar arrays will be installed, placement of solar arrays on the surface, installation of a buried electrical line that connects to utilities to the north of the project area at the Salem Motor Pool, and erecting a chain link fence and gate around the solar arrays. Vegetation clearance is anticipated to remove trees and shrubs only as needed, and may impact up to 45 centimeters (cm) (18 inches [in]) below the surface. The proposed trench for the buried electrical line will be up to 75 cm (30 in). The chain link fence will be anchored by 8‐ to 10‐cm (3‐ to 4‐in) diameter posts in concrete excavated to a depth of up to 1 meter (m) (3.3 feet [ft]) below the ground surface. Construction access is proposed in the southwest corner of the project area from Ryan Drive SE.

The project area and the wider area to the north and east were previously surveyed in 1977 for the original development of the Salem Motor Pool. While no resources were documented from this survey, an obsidian nodule and lithic flakes that were determined to have “probably resulted from heavy equipment moving over the exposed gravels,” and materials from the early to mid‐twentieth century were noted on the surface (Hartmann 1977). During construction of the Salem Motor Pool to the north of the current project area, it was reported that an archaeological site was being destroyed (Long 1978). The

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) outlined the destruction of the site in a memo (dated

July 14, 1978), but no site form was prepared (Long 1978).

Under contract with DAS, Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc. (AINW), conducted an archaeological survey and testing and evaluation for the Salem Motor Pool Solar project (Lorain et al

2025). The archaeological work was conducted on State‐owned land under Archaeological Excavation

Permit No. AP‐3925, issued by SHPO, for City of Salem Planning Department review. The project was directed by AINW staff who meet the Secretary of the Interior’s professional qualifications standards for archaeology (36 CFR Part 61, Appendix A). The survey was completed in compliance with SHPO guidelines and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines in Archaeology.

‐2‐

One pre‐contact archaeological resource, site 35MA456 (temporary number 24/3497‐1), was identified and delineated during the survey. Site 35MA456 was largely identified in the eastern portion of the surveyed area, and a small outlier portion of the site was identified in the western portion. A previous archaeological survey of the Salem Motor Pool parking lot intersected the northern portion of the current project area and identified two archaeological isolates, including isolate 23/3347‐2, approximately 10 m (33 ft) north of site 35MA456 (Figure 2) (Sarjeant 2023).

DAS and AINW coordinated with the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, the Confederated

Tribes of Siletz Indians, the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs, and the City of Salem throughout the project. DAS and AINW attended the Salem Roundtable on October 21, 2024, and May 12, 2025, to discuss the results of the archaeological fieldwork, project redesign, and archaeological monitoring.

Following the survey and coordination with Tribes and the City of Salem, the project was redesigned to complete the installation of the solar arrays while avoiding the eastern portion of the site, and this portion was removed from the project (Figure 2). The smaller western portion of the site within the revised project area that will be impacted by the project was evaluated for its significance and contribution for site 35MA456 to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). One 1x1‐m

(3.3x3.3‐ft) test unit was excavated in the western portion of the site (Figure 2). The deposit within the western portion of site 35MA456 was recommended to be non‐contributing to the eligibility of the site to be listed in the NRHP.

Following the archaeological fieldwork at site 35MA456, AINW recommended archaeological monitoring during ground disturbance work for the project to ensure the project does not impact potentially intact and significant deposits within the site. Tribes, the City, and SHPO agreed with this recommendation. This monitoring plan and Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) contain procedures to be followed during ground disturbance work. A list of contacts and their information is included in this plan.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring activities will be conducted under an archaeological excavation permit issued by

SHPO. The objective of an archaeological monitoring plan is to avoid impacts to intact archaeological deposits, and recover additional information about an archaeological site, if present. Archaeological deposits may be found inadvertently when the archaeological monitor is not present. General procedures for recognition of an archaeological resource or site and notification are outlined below. A list of contacts is included at the end of the monitoring plan.

Notification

Notifications and communication will be via email, unless a party requests AINW to communicate via telephone. The following procedures will be followed when notifying and coordinating with SHPO, Tribes, City, and other parties regarding the fieldwork.

‐3‐

AINW will provide notification prior to the start of the fieldwork. If there is a break in the work, that will also be communicated, as will the restart of work.

Weekly summaries of field results will be emailed to DAS, SHPO, Tribes, and City.

Field visits during the construction phase excavations are welcome, and will need to be prearranged.

Preconstruction Meeting

The objective of the preconstruction meeting is to review the areas to be monitored, and to go over the procedures for coordination and notification of discoveries. Communication is critical to the success of the monitoring plan and ensures a monitor is present when needed. The roles and responsibilities of the monitor and other project personnel need to be outlined prior to construction.

Communication protocols will be reviewed. A list of contacts is at the end of this monitoring plan. If additions or changes in contacts need to be made, a revised contact list may be prepared and distributed to all pertinent parties.

The responsibilities of each party—contractor, DAS, City, archaeologist, Tribes, and others—will be identified.

Scheduling procedures for archaeological monitors will need to be outlined. The period of advance notice for an archaeological monitor will be determined and agreed upon by the archaeologist, DAS project manager, and the contractor.

Safety procedures need to be followed.

Archaeological site information should not be disclosed widely, and the need for confidentiality will be provided to construction personnel. However, this monitoring plan is designed to be used by senior project and construction personnel.

Monitoring During Excavations

DAS will ensure that an archaeologist is present to perform on‐site monitoring during ground‐disturbance activities that will impact native soils. This includes the following activities.

Vegetation clearance to remove trees and shrubs to clear the ground surface for the project, as needed. It is anticipated this work will impact up to 45 cm (18 in) below the surface.

Trench excavations for electrical utilities that are anticipated to be approximately 1 m (3.3 ft) wide and 75 cm (30 in) deep.

Angering for earth anchors to install solar arrays. The earth anchors are anticipated to be 8 cm

(3 in) in diameter, and excavated to 3 m (6.7 ft) deep.

‐4‐

Excavations for posts to install a chain link fence around the solar arrays. The posts are anticipated to be 8‐ to 10‐cm (3‐ to 4‐in) in diameter, and excavated up to 1 m (3.3 ft) below the surface.

Ground disturbance to install construction access to the project area from Ryan Drive SE.

Landscaping.

The archaeological monitor will keep a daily log of construction and monitoring activities and actions taken to assure compliance with the monitoring plan. As noted previously, a weekly summary of field results will be emailed to DAS, SHPO, Tribes, and City.

At some point during the project, it may become clear that an archaeological monitor may not need to be present during ground‐disturbing activities within previously disturbed sediment or fill material, or during excavations within soil that precludes the possibility for archaeological deposits given the age of deposition. The project archaeologist will determine if the ground disturbance is within soils that predate human settlement in the area, is within modern fill material, or is within sediment that has clearly been previously disturbed during the project. Once the project archaeologist has made this determination and informed the consulting parties, archaeological monitoring may cease during ground‐disturbing activities at that specific location.

If artifacts or features are observed during monitoring, a new archaeological resource may be identified. All ground‐disturbing activities within 30 m (100 ft) of the potential discovery will be stopped until it is determined that work may recommence. Construction work will be halted so that the discovery can be documented, photographed, and mapped in‐place using a Global Positioning System unit. If the discovery needs additional archaeological excavations, AINW will notify DAS, SHPO, Tribes, and the

City. The procedures to be followed in the event of an inadvertent discovery that needs additional excavation or protection are summarized below and in the attached IDP.

Pre‐contact and historic‐period artifacts will be collected during monitoring, if observed. If large amounts of non‐diagnostic construction debris (such as brick fragments, wood fragments, or metal) are encountered, these items will not be collected during monitoring. Artifacts will be collected under an archaeological excavation permit and analyzed in AINW’s laboratory in Portland, Oregon.

Significant archaeological deposits that may be found in the project area could consist of the following, for example.

A historic‐period archaeological feature such as a privy, cesspool, vault or shaft feature, building foundation, or other structural feature that is more than 75 years old.

A cluster of bottles, cans, and other refuse more than 75 years old.

A Native American feature such as a large area of charcoal or charcoal‐stained soil with a cluster of rocks, indicative of a hearth, fire pit, or sweat locations.

‐5‐

Native American stone tools such as projectile points or other flaked stone tools and groundstone tools such as bowls, mortars, and grinding slabs, or a cluster of formed tools or burned animal bones.

Bones that appear to be human or the remains of a burial (these would not be collected but will require additional procedures, see IDP), funerary items, or sacred objects.

If the significant features or archaeological deposits described above are encountered, AINW has the authority to stop work and notify the construction manager, DAS, City, Tribes, and SHPO. AINW will coordinate with SHPO and Tribes regarding recommendations for additional archaeological fieldwork. The procedures to be followed in the event of an inadvertent discovery that needs additional excavation or protection are outlined in the attached IDP.

Reporting

If artifacts are observed during monitoring, an email will be sent DAS, City, Tribes, and SHPO at the end of the day. While work is active, AINW will provide, in an email, a weekly summary of findings to DAS, City, Tribes, and SHPO. A report documenting the monitoring will be prepared at the close of the monitoring.

INADVERTENT DISCOVERY PLAN

This plan has been prepared to outline procedures for dealing with inadvertent discoveries of archaeological resources and/or human remains during the course of project construction. It is intended to comply with applicable laws and regulations, describe the procedures DAS will follow to address inadvertent discoveries, and provide direction and guidance to project personnel should an inadvertent discovery occur.

DAS will ensure that the provisions of this plan are carried out. During construction activities, the DAS project manager and archaeological monitor will have overall authority to initiate action for archaeological resource or human remains discoveries and will be responsible for assuring communication of any such event to the appropriate authorities as outlined below. These duties may be delegated to the project archaeologist. The DAS project manager or archaeological monitor will have the authority to temporarily stop work in the area of potential archaeological resource or human remains discoveries.

Procedures for Inadvertent Discoveries of Archaeological Resources

If any member of the construction work force or archaeological monitor believes that he or she has found an archaeological resource discovery, all work adjacent to the discovery will stop. The construction work force or archaeological monitor will immediately notify the DAS project manager.

Contact details are provided at the end of this document. If human skeletal remains are involved, the procedures described in the next section will be followed. The area of work stoppage should be adequate

‐6‐ to provide for the security and integrity of the discovery. An archaeological resource discovery could consist of, for example:

an area of charcoal or charcoal‐stained soil;

a cluster of Native American stone tools or stone flakes;

a cluster of bones or burned rocks in association with stone tools or stone flakes; or a cluster of tin cans or bottles older than 75 years.

The construction manager or archaeological monitor will take appropriate steps to protect the discovery site. At a minimum, the immediate area of the discovery site will be flagged and avoided.

Vehicles and equipment will not be permitted to traverse the discovery site. Work in the immediate area of the discovery will not recommence until the project archaeologist has reviewed the situation and indicates that it is safe to do so. The area of work stoppage will be adequate to provide for the security, protection, and integrity of the discovery. The site should be kept secure from further impacts and trespass. Security measures will be taken to prevent illicit activities such as looting or vandalism. A buffer of at least 30 m (100 ft) should be maintained, if possible.

In the event of an archaeological resource discovery, the archaeological monitor will examine the location of the discovery and, in coordination with the project archaeologist, determine whether the discovery is a significant archaeological resource. If the project archaeologist determines that the discovery was deposited within the last 75 years and is not archaeological, such as architectural debris, the construction manager will be immediately advised to remove the stop‐work order. Project construction outside the discovery location may continue while documentation and assessment of the discovery proceed.

In the event that the discovery has been deemed an archaeological resource, the project archaeologist will inform the DAS project manager immediately. DAS or the project archaeologist will then be responsible for notifying SHPO and the Tribe(s). Every effort will be made to ensure that notifications are made within 24 hours of the determination that an archaeological resource had been discovered. The project archaeologist will submit documentation including photographs of the discovery site to DAS, the City, SHPO, and the Tribes. The notification will do one of the following.

Describe how further project construction will be conducted to avoid the discovered resource.

Provide the project archaeologist’s opinion regarding whether the resource is or is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and request permission from SHPO and the

Tribe(s) for construction to recommence if the resource is not eligible.

Indicate that a site evaluation or treatment plan is being prepared and will be submitted as soon as possible.

‐7‐

Procedures for Inadvertent Discoveries of Human Remains

The procedures outlined in this section apply to all situations where a) human remains are observed, and b) it is not obvious and immediately apparent that skeletal remains (i.e., articulated bones, teeth, or fragments thereof) which are found are non‐human in origin. Any human remains that are discovered during construction will be treated with dignity and respect at all times.

If any member of the construction work force or archaeological monitor believes he or she has made an inadvertent discovery of human skeletal remains, all work at the location of the discovery will be stopped and the DAS project manager will be notified. The area of work stoppage will be adequate to provide for the security, protection, and integrity of the remains. At a minimum, the immediate area of discovery will be flagged or fenced‐off. Vehicles and equipment will also not be permitted to traverse the discovery site. Do not call 911 or contact the media. Do not take photographs of the discovery.

If it is unclear whether the skeletal remains are human or non‐human, the construction manager or archaeological monitor will call the project archaeologist to identify the skeletal remains. In‐field examination by the project archaeologist or a designated osteologist may include partial exposure of the discovery, but exposure will be limited to the minimum extent necessary to confirm whether the find is human or non‐human.

If the project archaeologist determines that the remains are not human (that is, identified as animal bones), but have an archaeological association, then the procedures for the inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources outlined in the previous section will be followed.

If the results of the examination indicate that the remains are not human and do not have an archaeological association, construction will be permitted to resume immediately.

If the remains are human, the project archaeologist will immediately notify the Oregon State

Police, DAS, SHPO, Commission on Indian Services, and Tribe(s). Contact details are provided at the end of this document. The Oregon State Police will determine whether the remains are

“forensic” and would be under the coroner’s jurisdiction, or are “non‐forensic.” Representatives of the affected Tribes(s) in coordination with DAS and SHPO will consider the appropriate resolution and will come to a consensus regarding avoidance or reinterment of the remains elsewhere.

‐8‐

REFERENCES

Hartman, Glenn

1977 Letter to Ted Long, SHPO, Re: Archaeological Survey for the State Motor Pool Facility. From the Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University. On file, State Historic Preservation

Office, Salem, Oregon.

Long, Edward T.

1978 New State Motor Pool Site. On file, State Historic Preservation Office, Salem, Oregon.

Lorain, Michael, Carmen Sarjeant, Eva Hulse, and John Fagan

2025 Archaeological Survey and Tetsing and Evaluation for the Department of Administrative Services

Salem Motor Pool Solar Project, Salem, Marion County, Oregon. Archaeological Investigations

Northwest, Inc. Report No. 5229. Prepared for Oregon Department of Administrative Services, Salem.

Sarjeant, Carmen

2023 Archaeological Survey for the Department of Administrative Services Salem Motor Pool Parking Lot and EV Charging Upgrades Project, Salem, Marion County, Oregon. Archaeological Investigations

Northwest, Inc. Report No. 4996. Prepared for Oregon Department of Administrative Services, Salem.

‐9‐

CONTACT INFORMATION

Oregon Department of Administrative Services

Mark Wright, Construction Project Manager 1

Planning & Construction Management Services

DAS Enterprise Asset Management

1225 Ferry Street SE, U100

Salem, OR 97301‐4281

Cell Phone: 503‐932‐3706

Email: Mark.L.WRIGHT@das.oregon.gov

City of Salem

Kimberli Fitzgerald, Historic Preservation Officer/City Archaeologist

Phone: 503 540‐2397

Cell Phone: 503 351‐7578

Email: kfitzgerald@cityofsalem.net

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office

Primary Contact Alternate Contact

John Pouley, M.A., R.P.A Jamie French

State Archaeologist Assistant State Archaeologist

725 Summer Street NE, Suite C 725 Summer Street NE, Suite C

Salem, OR 97301 Salem, OR 97301

Phone: 503‐480‐9164 Phone: 503‐979‐7580

Email: John.Pouley@oregon.gov Email: Jamie.French@oregon.gov

Commission on Indian Services

Dr. Elissa Bullion Patrick Flanagan

State Physical Anthropologist Executive Director

900 Court Street NE, Room 167 900 Court Street NE, Room 167

Salem, OR 97301 Salem, OR 97301

Phone: 971‐707‐1372 Phone: 503‐986‐1067

Email: Elissa.Bullion@oregonlegislature.gov Email: LCIS@oregonlegislature.gov;

FlanagP@oregonlegislature.gov

Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community

Briece Edwards, THPO Chris Bailey

9615 Grand Ronde Road Phone: 503‐879‐1675

Grand Ronde, OR 97347 Email: Chris.Bailey@grandronde.org

Phone: 503‐879‐2084

Email: Briece.Edwards@grandronde.org ;

thpo@grandronde.org

‐10‐

Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians

Peter Sv‐gvs (Black Bear) Hatch

201 SE Swan Avenue

Siletz, OR 97380

Phone: 541‐444‐8319

Email: PeterH@ctsi.nsn.us;

culturalresources@ctsi.nsn.us

Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon

Larry Squiemphen, THPO David Witt, Review & Compliance Specialist Contractor

P.O. Box C Phone: 503‐894‐6618

Warm Springs, OR 97761 Email: thpo@ctwsbnr.org

Phone: 541‐553‐2002

Email: lawrence.squiemphen@ctwsbnr.org;

thpo@ctwsbnr.org

Project Archaeologist—AINW

Primary Contact Secondary Contact

Carmen Sarjeant, Senior Archaeologist Jo Reese, President/Senior Archaeologist

3510 NE 122nd Avenue 3510 NE 122nd Avenue

Portland, OR 97230 Portland, OR 97230

Phone: 503‐761‐6605 Phone: 503‐761‐6605

Cell Phone: 971‐645‐5763 Cell Phone: 971‐409‐697

Fax: 503‐761‐6620 Fax: 503‐761‐6620

Email: carmen@ainw.com Email: jo@ainw.com

Oregon State Police

Primary Contact Secondary Contact:

Sergeant Ryan Tague Dispatch Northern Command Center

Cultural Resources/Inadvertent Discovery Phone: 503‐731‐3030 or 800‐442‐0776

Phone: 541‐576‐4393

Email: rtague@osp.oregon.gov

Marion County Medical Examiner

3180 Center St NE # 1217

Salem, OR 97301

Phone: 503‐588‐5530

‐11‐

Figure 1. Topographic map showing the location of the DAS Salem Motor Pool Solar project area, Salem, Marion County, Oregon.

‐12‐

Figure 2. Aerial photograph showing the locations of shovel tests in the surveyed area, the test unit in the current project area, archaeological site 35MA456, and previously recorded isolate 23/3347‐2. Ground disturbing activities within the project area are recommended to be monitored by an archaeologist. The eastern portion of site

35MA456 is no longer in the project area.

DAS Salem Motor Pool Solar Project Revised July 28, 2025

Salem, Marion County, Oregon AINW Report No. 5205

Inadvertent Discovery Plan for the

Oregon Department of Administrative Services

Salem Motor Pool Solar Project

This plan should be followed should any archaeological sites, objects, or human remains be found.

In the event that ground‐disturbing activities or other activities related to project construction uncover protected cultural material (see definitions below), the following actions shall be taken:

1. When an unanticipated discovery of protected cultural material or human remains occurs, work in the immediate area must stop and the contractor shall completely secure the location and contact:

a) Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS): Mark Wright, 503‐932‐3706.

b) City of Salem: Kimberli Fitzgerald, 503 540‐2397 [office]; 503 351‐7578 [cell].

c) Archaeological Investigations Northwest, Inc. (AINW): Primary Contact: Carmen

Sarjeant, 971‐645‐5763 [cell]; 503‐761‐6605 [office]; Secondary Contact: Jo Reese, 971‐409‐6979 [cell]; 503‐761‐6605 [office].

2. If AINW confirms that the discovery consists of cultural material (see definitions below), the contractor shall immediately contact:

a) Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS): Mark Wright, 503‐932‐3706.

b) City of Salem: Kimberli Fitzgerald, 503 540‐2397 [office]; 503 351‐7578 [cell].

c) The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office: Primary Contact: John Pouley, 503‐480‐9164; Secondary Contact: Jamie French, 503‐979‐7580.

d) And must consult with appropriate Native American Tribes for finds of Native

American origin. The Legislative Commission on Indian Services (LCIS) will designate the appropriate Tribes; contact Elissa Bullion, 971‐707‐1372, or Patrick

Flanagan, 503‐986‐1067. Tribal contacts listed below.

3. If the discovery consists of human remains, the contractor will stop work in and adjacent to the discovery, completely secure the work area from further disturbance, and will immediately contact:

a) Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS): Mark Wright, 503‐932‐3706.

b) AINW: Primary Contact: Carmen Sarjeant, 971‐645‐5763 [cell]; 503‐761‐6605 [office];

Secondary Contact: Jo Reese, 971‐409‐6979 [cell]; 503‐761‐6605 [office].

c) Oregon State Police DO NOT CALL 911: Primary Contact: Sergeant Ryan Tague, 541‐576‐4393; Secondary Contact: OSP Dispatch, 503‐731‐3030 or 800‐442‐0776.

d) Legislative Commission on Indian Services (LCIS): Primary Contact: Elissa Bullion, 971‐707‐1372; Secondary Contact: Patrick Flanagan, 503‐986‐1067.

e) Appropriate Native American Tribes, as designated by LCIS. Tribal contacts listed below.

f) The Oregon State Historic Preservation Office: Primary Contact: John Pouley, 503‐480‐9164; Secondary Contact: Jamie French, 503‐979‐7580.

g) City of Salem: Kimberli Fitzgerald, 503 540‐2397 [office]; 503 351‐7578 [cell].

NOTE: If you discover bones but are unsure if they are human, contact AINW and stop all work in the area until discovery can be assessed.

No ground disturbing work should occur within at least 30 meters (100 feet) of the potential discovery.

Personnel should NOT take photos of any potential human remains unless specifically directed by the project archaeologist, and then only for identification purposes. Photographs should not be shared or circulated to the public. Keep the discovery confidential; do not talk to the media or public.

Cover the potential discovery from view and protect them from damage or exposure without directly touching the remains, restrict access, and leave in place until directed otherwise.

4. Proceeding with Work

a. Ground‐disturbing activities can proceed after the proper archaeological inspections have occurred, and you are directed that work may proceed.

b. After an inadvertent discovery, some areas may be designated as close monitoring or

“no work” zones.

Cultural material that may be protected by law could include but not be limited to:

Buried layers of black soil with layers of shell, charcoal, and fish and mammal bones;

Buried cobbles that may indicate a hearth feature;

Non‐natural sediment or stone deposits that may be related to activity areas of people;

Stone, bone, shell, horn, or antler tools that may include projectile points (arrowheads)

(Figure 1);

Scrapers, cutting tools, wood working wedges or axes, and grinding stones;

Stone tools or stone flakes (Figure 1);

Perennially damp areas may have preservation conditions that allow for remnants of wood and other plant fibers; in these locations there may be remains including fragments of basketry, weaving, wood tools, or carved pieces;

Concentrations of historic‐period artifacts (glass, ceramic, or metal items over 50 years old)

(Figure 2);

Historic building foundations;

Human remains.

Tribal Contacts:

CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE GRAND RONDE COMMUNITY OF OREGON

Chris Bailey, Cultural Protection Specialist chris.bailey@grandronde.org; 503‐879‐1675

Briece Edwards, Deputy Tribal Historic Preservation Officer thpo@grandronde.org; briece.edwards@grandronde.org;

503‐879‐2084

CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF SILETZ INDIANS

Peter Sv‐gvs (Black Bear) Hatch, History &

Archaeology Specialist culturalresources@ctsi.nsn.us, 541‐444‐8319

Alissa Lane‐Keene, Director alissal@ctsi.nsn.us, 541‐444‐2532 ext. 1373

CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION OF OREGON

Larry Squiemphen, THPO lawrence.squiemphen@ctwsbnr.org;

thpo@ctwsbnr.org; 541‐553‐2002

David Witt, Review & Compliance Specialist Contractor thpo@ctwsbnr.org; 503‐894‐6618

CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE UMATILLA INDIAN RESERVATION

Teara Farrow Ferman, Program Manager, Department of Natural Resources tearafarrowferman@ctuir.org; 541‐276‐3447

Figure 1. Examples of stone tools, lithic debitage, and a bone awl.

Figure 2. Examples of historic‐period artifacts, including ceramic fragments, bottle glass fragments, and square nails.