Attachment 6 - Design and Construction Standards for Southern Region Facilities.pdf

Southern Region Design and Construction Standards Page 1 of 28 Design and Construction Standards

Design and Construction Standards For Southern Region Facilities Revised: 10 December 2021

I. GENERAL

1. This document provides baseline technical guidance for Forest Service facilities that are new construction or involve a major renovation. These standards incorporate agency direction and lessons learned by the Region in constructing and renovating its portfolio. These standards are written with FS-owned facilities in mind, but the general principle applies to leased facilities.

2. Where appropriate, different standards are provided for owned Administrative, owned Developed Recreation, and leased Administrative facilities.

3. These standards are written to be incorporated into project planning documents and “Owner’s Project Requirements” for certification under third party green building rating systems.

4. This document is a starting point for the designer of record. If a conflict arises between this document, other project direction, or the code, notify the Forest Service in writing and provide a recommendation for resolution.

5. These standards are for the guidance of Architects, Engineers, and contractor in the technical design of new buildings, additions to buildings and building renovations. They are minimum standards. Actual design should be consistent with the overall program, building quality, and scope of project. The design should be in context with, and in harmony with, the existing buildings and appropriate architectural character.

6. Components accepted for installation must be current production model or running line that will allow for the expeditious reorder of parts or materials. Avoid the acceptance or installation of unique, special order components without local vendor representation which would make it difficult (and in some cases impossible) to obtain replacement parts or materials..

7. All new buildings and major renovations of more than 1000 Gross Square feet shall have an energy analysis performed.

II. DEFINITIONS

A. Building Codes and Standards

1. Forest Service Owned Facilities: the “Code” includes both the Building Codes and Reference Standards listed in Part III of this document. The Regional Director of Engineering is the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

2. Forest Service Leased Facilities:

a. Where there IS a State or Locally adopted building code: The locally adopted code is the code for permitting and inspection, but follow Part IIIA unless there is a conflict with the local code. Resolve the conflict by complying with the most stringent requirement.

b. Where there is NOT a State or Locally adopted building code: Follow requirements for Forest Service Owned Facilities and provide a third party code review.

c. For initial alterations under a Lease, use the document versions listed in Part IIIA as the current edition specified in the Lease.

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d. For later alterations under a Lease, request and use the current version of these standards.

B. Project Manual

1. Furnish: supply and deliver to the project site, ready for installation.

2. Install: place into position, complete and ready for service or use.

3. Provide: Furnish and Install.

4. Supply: Same as Furnish.

5. Basis of Design: Same as a reference product, but where the designer of record needs to specify key parameters, such as size, to convey design intent.

Examples: HVAC units, light fixtures.

6. Reference Product: A name brand product used to illustrate design intent, but not constrain the designer of record or constructor by overly limiting competition.

Example: Henry Blueskin SA is a reference product for a self-adhering weather resistive barrier that is a SBS rubberized asphalt membrane with a polyethylene laminate impermeable to air, liquid water and water vapor. Grace, Carlisle, and Tremco all manufacture equivalent systems.

7. Mandatory Product: This category of product will be used very sparingly, generally for systems connecting to government networks and other enterprise systems or for compatibility with existing installed materials, equipment, or systems. Examples include the Lenel LNL-X4420 controller for access control systems and the ION 7550 Advanced Meter.

C. Design-Build

1. Possible

2. Feasible

3. Practical

III. CODES AND STANDARDS

A. Building Codes

For Forest Service Owned facilities or facilities leased where there is no applicable state or local building code, the following documents shall serve as “the code” for this project.

1. IBC - International Building Code; 2021.

2. IEBC – International Existing Building Code, 2021.

3. IFC - International Fire Code; 2021.

4. IFGC - International Fuel Gas Code; 2021.

5. IGCC - International Green Construction Code, 2021.

6. IPC - International Plumbing Code; 2021.

7. IMC - International Mechanical Code; 2021.

8. IWUIC – International Wildland-Urban Interface Code, 2021.

9. NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code; 2020.

10. NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code; 2021.

B. Reference Standards

In addition to the codes listed above or local building codes, the following documents are also incorporated into the definition of "the code" for the purposes of this project, except for administrative provisions. For the standards below, the Authority Having Jurisdiction is the US Forest Service.

1. ABAAS – Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Standards; 2015.

2. ASHRAE 55 - Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy; 2020.

3. ASHRAE 62.1 - Ventilation For Acceptable Indoor Air Quality; 2019.

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4. ASHRAE 90.1 – ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2019 -- Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

5. ASHRAE – Achieving Zero Energy: Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings; 2019.

6. ASHRAE (FUND) - ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals; 2021.

7. ASHRAE Guideline 0 – The Commissioning Process, 2019.

8. ASHRAE Guideline 4 – Preparation of Operating and Maintenance

Documentation for Building Systems, 2019..

9. BEIG - US Forest Service FS-710 - The Built Environment Image Guide for the

National Forests and Grasslands; 2001.

https://www.fs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fs_media/fs_document/TheBuiltEnviro nmentImageGuide-2001-09.pdf

10. BOMA Z65.1 – Office Buildings: Standard Methods of Measurement; 2010.

11. BOMA Z65.3 – Gross Areas of a Building: Standard Methods of Measurement;

2009.

12. BOMA Z65.3 – Gross Areas of a Building: Standard Methods of Measurement;

2009.

13. CEQ – Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings and Associated

Instructions, December 2020.

14. FEMA (MAPS) - FEMA Map Service Center; U.S. Federal Emergency

Management Agency; www.fema.gov/business/nfip.

15. FHWA FP-14 – Standard Specifications for the Construction of Roads and

Bridges on Federal Highway Projects; 2014.

https://flh.fhwa.dot.gov/resources/specs/

16. FSORAG - Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Accessibility Guidelines; 2013 https://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/accessibility/

17. FSTAG - Forest Service Trails Accessibility Guidelines; 2013 https://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/accessibility/

18. NPS-Historic – The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, 2017. https://www.nps.gov/tps/standards/treatment-guidelines-2017.pdf

19. NFPA 914 - Code for Fire Protection of Historic Structures; 2019.

20. NFPA 1194 – Standard for Recreational Vehicle Parks and Campgrounds; 2021.

21. NREL Solar Ready and Microgrid resources:

a. Microgrid-Ready Solar PV - Planning for Resiliency:

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/70122.pdf

b. Solar Ready Buildings Planning Guide:

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46078.pdf

c. Solar Ready: An Overview of Implementation Practices:

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51296.pdf

d. FEMP Tech Asst Portal link:

https://www4.eere.energy.gov/femp/assistance/

22. SMACNA - IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction; 2008.

C. Key Agency Direction

1. Forest Service Manual https://cms.fs.usda.gov/directives/list

a. FSM 6440 – Real Property Management

b. FSM 6460 – Waste Prevention, Recycling, Acquisition and Green

Purchasing

c. FSM 7310 – Buildings and Related Facilities

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2. Forest Service Handbook https://cms.fs.usda.gov/directives/list

a. FSM 7309.11: Facilities Handbook

3. Other Agency Direction (Provided by FS Staff as needed to contractors and cooperators)

a. EM-7310-4 – Facilities Planning; 2002. (NOTE: this document will be provided as needed to contractors. FS employees may find on the Washington Office Engineering, Technology, and Geospatial Services site https://fsweb.wo.fs.fed.us/nfs/etg/index.shtml).

IV. DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION STANDARDS

A. Building Information Modeling (BIM)

1. BIM is required for all new construction and major renovation owned projects and on all new, succeeding, and superseding lease projects with substantial alterations.

2. Autodesk Revit and Civil 3D are the Forest Service’s BIM platforms. The Forest Service’s current adopted version is 2020. Adoption of the 2022 version is expected in calendar year 2022.

3. The Forest Service is still developing customized BIM standards reflective of our size and scale. Use GSA’s BIM standards and guidelines.

https://www.gsa.gov/real-estate/design-construction/3d4d-building-information-modeling

B. Drawings

1. Minimum Standards:

a. Provide a key map and key plans to show the location of the work site.

b. Provide sufficient information to enable the constructor to determine from the drawings alone the total quantities of all materials and equipment required to execute the work.

c. Locate all equipment, piping, and ductwork accurately and free of interference with all other building components.

d. Present plans of all trades with the same orientation.

e. Present all information in any orderly manner, legible, and consistent with the highest professional standards.

f. Provide plans for International Building Code and Life Safety Code approval. Plans will clearly show exit paths and the measured distances to exits, exit capacities and all fire rated wall conditions.

g. Have imprinted on each sheet the registration seal and legal signature of the registered designer who is responsible for designs.

2. Drawing Medium:

a. Use Forest Service supplied templates and titleblocks.

b. Follow the Forest Service’s CAD standards, which are based on the US

National CAD Standard.

c. Standard Drawing Size: US Architectural D size, 36 inches wide by 24 inches tall. All items and text should be readable when reduced in size by 50 percent to Architectural B size paper, 18 inches wide by 12 inches tall.

d. Plot all drawings to the same sheet size for all trades.

e. The Project title and record date will be the same on all sheets.

f. All new buildings and major renovations shall be in Revit BIM model.

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g. Each trade to be a separate model linked to the respective trades for the design.

h. Upon final submittal each file shall be stand-alone files and shall not be collaborative files.

i. Each Family element shall have the CSI specification referenced, basis of design manufacture, size and model number.

3. Drafting Standards

a. Drawings to be numbered per the Uniform Drawing System - Drawing Set Organization as published in the United States National Cad Standards Manual.

b. Line Work: Line widths shall be graded for identification purposes from very thin (hatching patterns) to wide (elements cut in horizontal or vertical sections) using a consistent pattern.

c. Lettering:

(1) Lettering, when printed full size, shall not be smaller than 1/8" in height. Lettering shall be both legible and readable at a 50 percent reduced size.

(2) When specifications are placed on drawings or long explanatory notes are used, normal sentence case can be used.

d. Scales: Minimum scale is 1/8” = 1’-0”. The FS preferred minimum scale is 3/16” or ¼”. Key plans may use a smaller scale.

e. Symbols and abbreviations: Provide a legend of symbols and abbreviations used for each discipline.

4. Site Plans:

a. Show all outside piping and mechanical equipment on the architectural site plan. If necessary, repeat this information on separate engineering site plans for clarity.

b. Show underground utilities in plan and profile. See individual sections for additional requirements for each type of utility. Plan and profile drawings shall be provided for the following as a minimum:

(1) Gravity drainage systems

(2) Pressure systems with pipe sizes exceeding 3”, except for steam and condensate.

(3) All steam and condensate piping.

(4) All medium voltage electric duct banks.

(5) All concrete encased ductbanks containing one or more 4” conduits or containing more than (2) 2” conduits.

5. Floor Plans:

a. Number all rooms and spaces. Plan the Room Numbering to be consistent with a graphical wayfinding scheme that must be developed and approved at schematic design. Provide room net area with the room tag.

b. Show all fixtures and equipment on the plans.

c. On the Reflected Ceiling Plan show all light fixtures, including exit signs and emergency lights, HVAC supply and return grilles, sprinkler heads, and audio and video equipment.

d. Provide separate Furniture Plans as needed.

6. Roof Plan:

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a. Show all equipment, piping, and any ductwork located on roof. Show all roof penetrations and provide appropriate details of each type condition.

Use standard details of the National Roofing Contractors Association (N.R.C.A.) and SMACNA.

7. Building Sections:

a. Indicate all building components including ductwork and piping.

b. In spaces such as ceiling spaces above hallways or any other space where

HVAC ductwork or piping is located, show the location and elevation of each trade’s work.

8. Isometrics, Schematic Diagrams, Typical and Special Details: Use to clarify plan and section views.

C. Project Manuals

1. Organize Project Manuals using the CSI MasterFormat, 2018 edition or later

2. Division 00: The Forest Service will provide an example contract and solicitation for reference for FS owned projects.

3. Division 01: The Forest Service will provide the Division 01 for each FS owned project. Do not edit Division 01 without approval from the Forest Service.

4. Preferred Master Specification System: BSD Softlink’s Speclink.

D. Cost Estimates and Cost Models

1. Project definition, planning, and early programming: Use comparable projects to generate a square foot cost supplemented with select assemblies to flesh out.

The purpose of this estimate is often to request project funding.

2. Complete programming: Use square foot costs supplemented by key assemblies organized by UniFormat classification

3. Schematic Design and Design Development: Use assemblies organized by UniFormat classification

4. Construction Documents: full quantity survey organized using MasterFormat.

V. GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND PRINCIPLES

A. General Provisions

1. Replace minimum equipment and envelope efficiency provisions in ASHRAE 90.1-2019 with those in IGCC 2021 unless authorized by the Forest Service in writing.

2. Provide exterior color schemes that are compatible with the surrounding environment and existing structures.

3. Use wood and wood products where economical and practical. Incorporate mass timber where feasible.

B. Space and functional elements:

1. In all new construction and where feasible in major renovations, provide at least one all gender toilet room. If multiuser male and female toilet facilities are provided, locate the all gender toilet room near them. Follow the same concept when the program requires bathing facilities.

2. In new administrative facilities or major renovations, provide a Wellness room.

3. Provide dedicated custodial spaces.

VI. HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

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A. Minimum Standard for New Buildings and Major Renovations:

1. Energy modeling is required for all conditioned new buildings and major renovations at least 1000 square feet.

2. For buildings less than 5,000 square feet, meet the requirements of the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings where practical.

3. For buildings over 5,000 square feet, meet the requirements of the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings. Third Party Green Building Certification may be used to demonstrate compliance.

B. Third Party Green Building Certification

1. Registration and certification is required for all new buildings and major renovations of 10,000 square feet or more.

2. Substantial compliance is required for all new buildings and major renovations of 5,000 square feet or more but less than 10,000 square feet.

3. Acceptable Rating Systems and Minimum Achievement Levels:

a. US Green Building Council, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Version 4.0 (LEED 4.0) at the Silver Certification level.

b. Green Building Initiative: Green Globes 2021 Certification at the Two Green Globes level.

C. Changes to IGCC

1. Use IGCC as the minimum standard requirements for all conditioned buildings not pursuing third party green building certification.

2. Baseline criteria: Follow the requirements of IGCC with the following amendments:

a. Change Section 501.3.1.1-Allowable Sites from Mandatory to Preferred

b. Change Section 701.4.1.1--On Site Renewable Energy Systems from

Mandatory to Preferred.

VII. COORDINATED WORK

A. Furniture

1. Who does what:

a. Forest Service:

(1) Procures furniture and arranges installation with Constructor

(2) Assigns seating

b. Designer of record

(1) Prepares general arrangement based on “blocks” or Forest Service provided typical arrangements

(2) Ensures block arrangement complies with codes

c. Constructor

(1) Coordinates with Forest Service for installation

(2) The constructor installs power whips furnished by the furniture vendor.

(3) The constructor provides voice and data cabling within furniture systems.

2. Basis of Design

a. The Forest Service has two office furniture BPAs for office furniture.

Manufacturer and primary lines are listed below for reference.

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b. Electrical for systems furniture is an 8-wire, 3-circuit system where each circuit has an independent neutral wire.

c. Panel and Spine based Systems:

(1) Haworth Compose

(2) Knoll: Dividends Horizon

3. Planning notes

a. Use closed rooms and other elements to break up workstation clusters

b. Arrange workstations along a linear spine away from walls in clusters of 6 to 12 workstations. Workstation sizes do not include enclosing panels.

Panels for all systems are 3 inches thick and are provided on all sides of a workstation.

c. Where practical, arrange workstations away from windows. If space is available under windows, plan for 18 inch deep counter height storage under windows

d. At the end of rows not along a wall, plan for 18 inch deep storage.

e. Do not use one power whip to feed more than 8 workstations.

f. Where feasible, feed power and data from floor or wall connections.

g. Provide each workstation with a regular circuit and an isolated ground receptacle.

h. Standard workstation sizes:

(1) 6 feet wide by 6 feet deep

(2) 6 feet wide by 4 feet deep

(3) The 6x4 may be reduced in size by FS in the long dimension to not less than 4 feet wide.

B. Audio-Visual Equipment

1. Who does what:

a. Forest Service:

(1) Procures AV system and coordinates installation with Constructor

b. Designer of record

(1) Prepares design based on FS provided space and technical standards

(2) Makes rough screen size determinations based on room size and shape to inform architectural design.

(3) Designs power and conduit based on these standards for work by others.

c. Constructor

(1) Coordinates with Forest Service for installation

(2) Makes final hard-wired connections for work other than low voltage

AV cabling. Examples include screen raising and lowering controls on- line voltage.

(3) Provide blocking, conduit, and boxes shown on the design. Provides power, voice, and data cabling.

2. Audio-visual systems will not connect to the Forest Service network except through FS issued devices. Design AV networks to not need a connection to the internet for operation. AV contractor shall provide the temporary connections needed for installation and scheduled in person maintenance if the FS Guest network is not available or adequate.

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C. Electronic Safety and Security

1. Who does what:

a. Forest Service provides:

(1) Two static IP addresses

(2) PC workstation for client control

(3) Coordination with FS and USDA IT organizations

(4) End user credentials

(5) Analog phone lines for

b. Designer of record

(1) Prepares general arrangement based on “blocks” or Forest Service provided typical arrangements

(2) Ensures block arrangement complies with codes

c. Constructor

(1) Coordinates with Forest Service for installation

(2) The Constructor provides all system hardware, integration, and software licenses for the system.

2. Access Control Systems

a. New access control systems shall comply with HSPD-12 requirements and integrate with the USDA Enterprise Physical Access Control System (EPACS). USDA EPACS is a Lenel system.

b. Systems shall use Lenel hardware and software in order to integrate with USDA EPACS. While other manufacturers can provide an HSPD-12 compliant system, USDA only provides software updates and integration with Lenel. Adhering to USDA requirements minimizes the long term total cost of ownership to the FS for these systems.

c. Exterior, suite entrance, and Law Enforcement Secure Storage card readers shall have numeric keypads for card and PIN authentication outside of normal business hours. All other doors can use keypadless readers.

d. Do not use door hardware with integral readers to meet this requirement.

e. Verify with Forest Service all part numbers during design and construction for full compatibility with EPACS.

3. Intrusion Detection Systems

a. Integrate with CCTV, Access Control, and Fire Alarm systems.

b. Do not connect to FS network.

c. Set system to dial out over analog phone lines to 3 locations

(1) Federal Protective Service MegaCenter

(2) FS Law Enforcement

(3) Other FS directed person

4. Closed Circuit Television Systems (CCTV)

a. IP based systems are acceptable but shall be on a separately switched network from the main FS network.

b. Locate network video recorder in main telecom room.

c. Locate control workstation as determined during Design Development or

Design Intent Drawings.

D. Voice and Data Network

1. Who does what:

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a. Forest Service provides:

(1) Routers and Switches

(2) Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS)

(3) Phones

(4) Access Points

(5) Patch cables for workstations and office spaces

(6) Incoming services

b. Designer of record prepares design based on Forest Service Standards and integrated with building electrical. Provides Forest Service with number of analog circuits needed to procure.

c. Constructor provides:

(1) Spaces

(2) Equipment racks

(3) Cableways and Conduit

(4) Cabling from patch panels to jacks

2. General notes:

a. FS wired and wireless networks may NOT be used for building controls and equipment.

b. All voice and data horizontal cabling except for wireless access points shall be CAT 6. Use CAT 6A for wireless access points

c. All equipment on the Forest Service network must be provided by the Forest Service except where noted. Other products to be provided by the Constructor may use the same cabling, but cannot connect to the FS switches. Use a different color patch cable in telecom rooms for these systems.

d. Telecom rooms:

(1) Provide a main telecom room inside FS demised space on each floor of FS office space

(2) When the Forest Service has more than 5,000 square feet of space in a separate suite from the main suite, provide an additional telecom room.

(3) For smaller suites or where runs will be more than 200 feet, a closet with double doors and a single equipment rack is acceptable.

(4) Provide fiber and copper backbone cabling from satellite telecom rooms to the main telecom room. Where such cabling is outside Government demised space, install the cabling inside secure conduit.

(5) Provide secondary telecom rooms or closets when horizontal cable lengths are likely to exceed 295 feet.

E. Land Mobile Radio Systems

1. Who does what:

a. Forest Service: Provides equipment in telecom room and base stations

b. Designer of record: Locates and designs antennas and towers based on

FS project specific requirements. Integrates LMR into building electrical systems.

c. Constructor: Provides tower, antenna, and internal distribution cabling based on the approved design for equipment installation by the Forest Service

F. Moving

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1. Who does what:

a. Forest Service: arranges and pays for moves unless otherwise arranged in the Contract.

b. Designer of record: Does not apply

c. Constructor: Coordinates with Forest Service for moving services

Assembly-Level Technical Standards:

A SUBSTRUCTURE

A10 – FOUNDATIONS

A. Do not use wood foundations or wood in foundations.

B. Concrete slab-on-grade:

1) Minimum 5 inches thick, use rebar instead of WWF for reinforcement.

2) Office live loads:

a) Office area: 100 pounds per square foot

b) Office areas with compaction storage: 300 pounds per square foot.

c) FS-owned offices are normally single story, with the occasional two-story structure. Over their life span, they may be reconfigured and changed to accommodate emerging needs.

3) Where compaction storage is planned in new construction and an access floor is not specified, recess slab to allow for level entry of compaction storage.

4) Extend underslab vapor barriers under grade beams to top of slab.

5) Provide underslab radon vent system in new construction.

6) Seal penetrations and material joints in slabs to prevent pest entry using corrosion resistant material. Example solutions include stainless steel mesh “skirts” clamped to service penetration before the slab is poured.

C. Slope grade away from buildings at least 5 percent. Provide a pest resistant ground break of crushed stone, pavers, or concrete at least 24 inches wide around perimeter of building.

D.

A20 – BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION

A. Where possible, do not construct basements or crawlspaces.

B. Where crawlspaces are required, provide conditioned crawlspaces supplying conditioned air.

1) In new construction, provide concrete floors.

2) In existing buildings going through major renovations with ventilated crawlspaces, convert to conditioned.

B SHELL

B10 – SUPERSTRUCTURE

B1010: Floor Construction A. Office loading: In new construction with floors above grade, do not reduce corridor live load below 100 PSF.

B. Where mechanical systems need to be located in conditioned attics, construct a mechanical room with pull down access stair. Plan for stair rough opening width of at least 30 inches.

B1020: Roof Construction

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A. Use steep sloped roofs (2:12 pitch or greater) to the most feasible extent. Consult with Forest Service before using low sloped roofs.

B. Prefabricated wood truss design:

1) Top and bottom chords: 2x6 minimum size, No. 1 or better grade. Consider future bottom chord loading for storage and equipment.

2) Webs: 2x4 minimum size, No. 2 or better grade

B20 – EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE

B2010: Exterior walls A. General

1) Provide exterior color schemes that are compatible with the surrounding environment and existing structures.

2) Provide continuous water, air, thermal, and vapor control layers on all buildings. On all conditioned buildings, provide continuous external insulation in addition to any cavity insulation.

3) Do not use the interior layer of gypsum board in exterior envelopes as the air control layer.

4) In FS owned buildings, do not use cold formed steel framing.

5) Back Ventiliation of Cladding: Minimum 3/8", required for all cladding types.

6) Provide a continuous drainage plane under cladding.

7) Provide through wall flashing from water control layer to exterior. Provide head flashings over all openings.

8) Exterior sheathing: Solid sheathing of ½ inch nominal thickness rated for exterior use on all walls not cast-in-place or masonry. Acceptable sheathing types:

a) Glass mat faced gypsum board

b) APA Structural panels with or without integral weather resistive barrier.

c) APA Structural panels with integral weather resistive barrier and integral insulation.

d) Rigid insulation panels do not count for solid exterior sheathing.

B. Finishes:

1) Fibercement Lap Siding: Smooth texture, lap siding, maximum 6” exposure, coordinating trim. Acceptable for use over entire facade.

2) Fibercement Board-and-Batten Siding: Smooth texture, 1x2 or 1x3 battens, battens at 12 or 16 inches on center, coordinating trim. Acceptable for use over entire facade.

3) Cellular PVC trim is acceptable in sensitive locations.

4) Stucco and EIFS: Water managed systems. Acceptable for use over secondary facade areas.

5) Consult with the Forest Service before specifying alternative finish wood siding products, such as shou sugi ban. Use only domestic species, preferably species native to the Southern Region.

6) Do not use products that with a picture of wood or use fake looking surface patterns instead of wood.

B2020: Exterior windows A. Provide sloping sill pans with back dams on all windows. Provide full depth sill flashing using elastomeric membrane or fluid applied flashing.

B. Glazing

1) Glazing units shall meet the IGCC maximum SHGC without the use of projections or other shading devices.

2) Provide tempered glazing where required by the IBC.

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3) Provide impact resistant glazing in high wind regions and where needed for additional security.

C. Storefront and Curtain Walls

1) Framing systems:

a) Fluoropolymer coated, thermally broken, extruded aluminum.

b) Factory gel coated, thermally broken, pultruded fiberglass.

c) Use of other materials require FS approval in writing based on a multifactor evaluation including domestic manufacturing, energy performance, wind and impact performance, and long term durability.

2) Glazing:

a) Maximum Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): 0.25

b) Minimum Visible Light Transmittance (VLT): 50 percent

c) Minimum Light to Solar Gain Ratio: 1.5

d) Maximum u-factor: 0.25

D. Windows

1) Window construction (in order of preference):

a) Extruded aluminum clad wood windows.

b) Pultruded fiberglass clad wood windows.

c) Pultruded fiberglass windows.

d) Use of other materials require FS approval in writing based on a multifactor evaluation including domestic manufacturing, energy performance, wind and impact performance, and long-term durability.

2) Performance Standards

a) Energy Star Certification: Required when available for the product type.

b) Maximum Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): 0.21

c) Minimum Visible Light Transmittance (VLT): 42 percent

d) Minimum Light to Solar Gain Ratio: 1.5

e) Maximum assembly u-factor: 0.25

B2030: Exterior doors A. Construction: Same options as B2020-Exterior Windows B. Arrangement and Hardware: Same as C1020-Interior Doors C. Exterior doors with operable exterior trim:

1) Provide overhead cover. In locations that regularly receive snow and ice, slop cover away from the path of travel.

2) Provide entryway floor system compliant with IGCC. Locate scraper surface outside with a minimum length of 5 feet in the direction of travel.

3) Provide boot scraper in addition to scraper surface in admin buildings.

4) All exterior doors shall be locked to entry from the exterior and never locked in the direction of egress. Primary entrances shall have access control hardware.

B30 – ROOFING

B3010: Roof Coverings A. Soffits and Fascia

1) Fascia: Fully flash with fluoropolymer coated aluminum.

2) Soffits: Transparent stained 1x6 tongue and groove wood, painted fibercement, or fluoropolymer coated aluminum.

3) Gutters and downspouts: Fluoropolymer coated aluminum.

B. Roof assembly:

1) Use compact, unvented roof assemblies above the structural deck in all new construction where possible and in major renovations where feasible.

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2) Provide conditioned attics in all new construction. In major renovations, convert attics to conditioned.

C. Roofing

1) Minimum three-year aged SRI:

a) Slope less than or equal to 2:12: 64

b) Slope more than 2:12: 29

2) Steep Slope Underlayments: use self-sealing and fully-adhered water and ice proofing membrane with slip resistant walking surface and 180 day minimum exposure limit. Do not use asphaltic felt paper underlayments without written FS approval.

3) Wind resistance: 90 PSF

4) Asphalt Shingles: 50 year architectural

5) Metal Roofs: Double-lock standing seam with concealed fasteners for field seaming with special tool, 1-1/2" ribs at 16 inches on center, smooth surface, fluoropolymer coating on aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel.

6) Membrane roofing:

a) NOTE: consult with FS Regional Office before designing.

b) Type: As recommended by the manufacturer for the application and the climate zone.

c) Installation method: Fully Adhered

d) Provide solid coverboard and sheet air barrier above structure and below insulation.

e) Provide coverboard above insulation.

C INTERIORS

C10 – INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION

C1010: Partitions

C1020: Interior doors A. Doors and Frames

1) Locking and Access Controlled Doors:

a) Use single doors to the most practical extent. For high traffic locations or where equipment and supplies are being moved, increase door width to 42 inches.

Use 48 inch wide doors with the prior approval of the Forest Service.

b) Where double doors with locks and access control are required, install a removable, key locking mullion on the secure side to allow use of rim-style exit devices. Integrate key into facility keying system.

B. Non-Electrified Hardware

1) Hardware grade: Grade 1 as defined and certified by the Builders Hardware

Manufacturers Association.

2) Keying: Grand Master.

3) Locks: Mortise or cylinder locks.

4) Lock cylinders: Interchangeable core

C. Electrified Hardware

1) Networked access controlled doors:

a) Door Closure Contacts: concealed type on hinge side of door.

b) Electrified Mortise Locks: electromechanical operation, fail secure operation, operable exterior trim, 12 or 24 volt potential, maximum 950 milliamps current, integrated Request-to-Exit and latch monitor sensors Basis of Design: Sargent 8200 series.

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c) Electrified Exit Devices: electromechanical operation, fail secure operation, operable exterior trim, 12 or 24 volt, maximum 950 milliamps current, integrated Request-to-Exit and latch monitor sensors. Basis of Design: Sargent 80 series.

d) Electrified Hinges: Electrical function concealed when door is in either the open or closed position. Basis of Design: McKinney CC option on hinges.

e) Card Reader: FIPS-201 compliant with keypad located on the latch side of the door.

f) Magnetic locks: Not Allowed.

g) Electric Strikes: Not Allowed.

2) Standalone access controlled doors

a) For locations with 4 or less access controlled doors, a battery-powered standalone electric lock may be used where directed by the Forest Service.

Pre-drill doors for future conversion to wired access control system and provide junction box above door and conduit in door frame for wiring.

b) Reference Product: Schlage AD-200, with FIPS-201 compliant card reader.

Provide handheld USB programmer and control software.

C1030: Fittings A. Casework

1) Cabinets

a) In break areas, provide base cabinets that provide a continuous 34 inch above finish floor surface.

b) At sinks requiring a frontal approach, use a fixed sloped skirt instead of operable doors.

c) Generally, plastic laminate clad boxes and faces are preferred for administrative facilities. Wood veneer may be used in meeting spaces and other more formal areas.

2) Countertops

a) Administrative facility break rooms, kitchens, meeting areas: quartz composite.

b) Toilet rooms: light pattern solid surface with integral bowls

B. Laboratory Casework: provide wood veneer casework with epoxy resin or phenolic resin countertops as appropriate for the work expected to be conducted in the lab spaces.

C. Toilet Compartments

1) Solid Phenolic

2) Solid Color Reinforced Composite

D. Toilet Accessories: Stainless steel, provide all accessories of a type from one manufacturer.

E. Lockers

1) Gear lockers: 18 inches wide, 24 inches deep, 84 inches tall with sloping top.

Provide large ventilation openings and integral combination lock with master key override. Division between half height and full height will be made during design.

FS will often provide these as part of the furniture contract.

2) Other lockers: as defined in the program. These will often be provided by the FS as part of the furniture contract.

F. Signage

1) All signs shall be accessible

2) Administrative facilities:

a) Provide room name and number on all signs

b) For private offices, provide changeable insert for occupant name

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c) For meeting rooms and focus rooms, provide “occupied/not occupied” slider.

G. Window treatments

1) Mini-blinds: Provide for all windows.

2) Roller Shades: Consider for Open Offices and Conference Rooms if within project budget.

3) Open Offices: Translucent, 10 percent light transmittance, manual drive.

4) Conference Rooms: two roll, 1 translucent (same as for open office), 1 blackout.

Low voltage drive integrated with lighting controls.

C20 – STAIRS—NOT USED

C30 – INTERIOR FINISHES

C3010: Wall Finishes A. Painting and Coating:

1) Comply with GS 11, SCAQMD 1103, and the following:

a) 0 grams per liter of VOCs for interior field paints.

b) 50 grams per liter of VOCs for interior trim paints.

c) 50 grams per liter of VOCs for interior field applied transparent wood stains and coatings.

B. Tiling

1) Install tile over concrete backer board, glass mat backer board, or extruded polystyrene foam panel with integral waterproofing membrane part of a complete waterproofing system.

C. Wall Coverings

1) Wall base: Rubber cove, stained wood, or painted wood.

2) Trim Around Windows: stained wood or painted wood.

3) Vinyl wallcovering:

a) Do not use on exterior walls.

b) Request Forest Service approval before specifying for interior walls.

c) Do not use in restrooms in place of non-porous resilient wall coverings.

C3020: Floor Finishes A. Carpeting

1) Broadloom Carpet: Do not use.

2) Carpet Tile:

a) Basis of Design: Interface

b) Size: 50 cm x 50 cm.

c) Adhesive: Adhesiveless installation using TacTiles.

d) Backing: GlasBac RE

e) Yarn: Type 6,6 nylon, solution dyed.

f) Face Weight: 20 ounces per square yard.

g) Total Recycled content: minimum 60 percent.

h) Environmental Certification: Green Label Plus

B. Ceramic and Porcelain Tile

1) Provide decoupling mats on all substrates. Reference product: Schluter DITRA.

2) Where sloped installations are required, use sloping panels part of an integrated shower installation and waterproofing system instead of mortar bed. Reference product: Schluter KERDI.

C. Resilient Flooring

1) Certification: FloorScore Certified by the Resilient Floor Covering Institute.

2) Exception: Electrostatic discharge tile

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3) Adhesives and Sealants: Comply with SCAQMD 1168 and GS 36.

D. Electrostatic Discharge Flooring: generally not required for FS network rooms.

E. Entryway systems: provide at all doors with vestibules or that are primary entrances.

Provide boot scraper outside.

C3030: Ceiling Finishes A. Acoustical Ceiling Tile

1) Match tile appearance in open plan and enclosed areas if different tiles are used for acoustical performance.

2) Suspended Lay-in Acoustical Ceilings for open plan and large social spaces where sound blocking is provided by deck to deck partitions:

a) Size: 24 x 24 inches, thickness as required.

b) Preferred Edge Detail: Square or Beveled Tegular.

c) Acceptable Edge Detail: Square Lay-in.

d) Light Reflectance Coefficient: 0.85

e) Noise Reduction Coefficient: 0.9.

f) Articulation Class: 190.

3) Suspended Lay-in Acoustical Ceilings for Enclosed Spaces:

a) Size: 24 x 24 inches, thickness as required.

b) Preferred Edge Detail: Square or Beveled Tegular.

c) Acceptable Edge Detail: Square Lay-in.

d) Light Reflectance Coefficient: 0.85

e) Noise Reduction Coefficient: 0.75.

f) Articulation Class: 170.

g) Ceiling Attenuation Class: 35 minimum

B. Acoustical Clouds and Baffles: as appropriate to provide equivalent sound control to complete acoustical tile ceiling

C. Panelized wood ceilings: provide higher acoustical performance system.

D. Hard Ceilings: Where used for interactive spaces, provide additional sound absorption.

D SERVICES

General note: Provide only wired networks for detection, control, and monitoring systems.

These wired networks may use CAT 6 type cable and ethernet networking, but shall not connect to the FS networks or internet connections. Do NOT provide systems reliant on outside reporting or cloud-based systems in FS owned buildings.

D10 – CONVEYING

A. Consult with the FS Regional Office before designing or specifying.

D20 – PLUMBING

A. Metering

1) Natural and LP Gas: See Section D3010 - Energy Supply

2) Water: Where a municipal utility meter is not provided for each building on a site, provide a manual read meter for each building with water service at the water service entrance. Provide a meter at fire engine tank filling stations.

3) Sanitary Sewer: defined in program or at schematic design for each project.

B. Break and Café spaces

1) Provide icemaker connection for refrigerators

2) Provide connection for commercial coffee maker above breakroom counters

3) Provide single compartment accessible sink with gooseneck faucet, lever handles, and sprayer.

Southern Region Design and Construction Standards Page 18 of 28

a) High pressure laminate counters: use drop-in stainless steel

b) Solid Surface: drop-in stainless steel or integral solid surface block

c) Quartz composite: Undermounted stainless steel

C. Drinking Fountains

1) Administrative sites: Provide surface mount, accessible, two-level electric water cooler with integral bottle filler and filtration for all drinking fountain locations

2) Recreation Areas: Provide accessible, two-level fountain with pushbutton water filler without refrigeration or filtration.

D. Restroom Fixtures

1) Sensor actuated fixtures may be provided in lieu of the mechanical fixtures. Where provided, use battery powered fixtures instead of hard wired.

2) Urinal: Vitreous china, wall hung, flush valve, 0.125 gpf

3) Lavatory:

a) Bowl: integral to counter for solid surface counters, steel undermount for quartz composite counters

b) Faucet: momentary pushbutton metering sensor, adjustable cycle time, single-lever temperature adjustment, 0.5 gpm aerator, mixing valve below counter to limit HW supply to 105 degrees.

4) Water Closets:

a) Administrative: Vitreous china, floor mounted, pressure assist flush tank, 1.0-

1.25 gpf. Use wall mounted if available. Consider piston flushometer if available and appropriate.

b) Recreation: Vitreous china, wall-hung, piston-type single flush manual flushometer, 1.0-1.25 gpf.

5) Shower: Single lever mixing valve and 1.5 gpm flow restrictor.

6) Accessible shower heads for administrative facilities: handheld with wall mounted bar.

7) Accessible shower heads for recreation facilities: Provide surface mounted integral fixture with two fixed shower heads, metering valve, and diverter. Reference product: Bradley HN250 Surface Mounted ADA Compliant Wall Shower.

E. Water heaters

1) Toilet Buildings without showers: (2-5 gallon) electric storage tank water heaters.

a) Toilet Buildings with showers: Consider electric heat pump if recovery time is acceptable, otherwise use electric storage.

b) Administrative facilities without showers: (2-5 gallon) electric storage tank water heaters located near point of use.

c) Administrative facilities with showers: Electric heat pump water heater, high efficiency natural gas water heater if natural gas is already in use, geothermal hot water if building has geothermal HVAC system

F. Hose Bibb:

1) Non-secure areas: quarter-turn non-freeze exposed connection, integral vacuum breaker located behind a locking access door.

2) Secure areas: quarter-turn non-freeze exposed connection, integral vacuum breaker with vandal resistant handle.

G. Piping

1) Insulation

a) Domestic Hot Water

1. 1” and smaller: 1” flexible elastomeric

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2. 1-1/4” to 4”: 1-1/2” flexible elastomeric

b) Domestic Cold Water

1. 1” and smaller: 1/2” flexible elastomeric

2. 1-1/4” to 4”: 1-1/2” flexible elastomeric

2) Sanitary Sewer

a) Above Grade: PVC, ASTM D 2665, Schedule 40, solvent welded joints.

b) Below Grade: PVC, ASTM D 2665, Schedule 40, solvent welded joints. Use

Schedule 80 if there is possibility of traffic

3) Domestic Water

a) Above Grade:

1. Diameter 1 inch or less: cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), type B

a. Fittings: plastic vs brass as normative

b. Rationale: local material and tool availability to support small repairs and alterations during service life

i. stuff

2. Diameter greater than 1 inch: Copper tube, ASTM B 88, Type L, hard drawn.

b) Below Slab-on-Grade: Copper tube, ASTM B 88, Type K, annealed

c) Site Distribution: PVC, HDPE, or ductile iron. Consult with FS before specifying on each project.

d) For facilities that are expected to close seasonally, design water supply piping to allow for complete draining of the system to the building meter shutoff valve.

Provide multiple drain points to speed draining.

e) Below Concrete or Asphalt: Provide Schedule 80 PVC sleeve for water pipe.

H. Valves & Accessories

1) Provide durable identification tag on all valves.

2) Provide shut off valves to water supply for each fixture.

3) Floor Drain: Nickel-bronze square strainer..

4) Hub Drain: Schedule 40 PVC, ASTM D 2729.

5) Trap Seal Protection: flexible, removable self closing elastomeric plug, and up to 33 gpm capacity. Do not use trap primers without prior written approval.

I. Special Plumbing Systems: requirements are defined for each project.

D30 – HVAC

A. General

1) Design Conditions:

a) Summer Interior Design Conditions:

1. Daytime Setpoint: 74 deg F, plus or minus 2 deg F .

2. Night Setback: 85 deg F.

b) Winter Interior Design Conditions:

1. Daytime Setpoint: 68 deg F, plus or minus 2 deg F .

2. Night Setback: 60 deg F.

c) Humidity Design Conditions, all seasons:

1. Maximum Interior Relative Humidity (Occupied Hours): 60 percent, maximum.

2. Maximum Interior Relative Humidity (Unoccupied Hours): 60 percent, maximum.

3. Minimum Interior Relative Humidity: 10 percent.

d) Outside Air Design Conditions:

Southern Region Design and Construction Standards Page 20 of 28

1. Summer Outside Air Design Temperature: 0.4 percent cooling design condition listed in ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.

2. Dehumidification Design Temperature: 0.4 percent dehumidification design condition listed in ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.

3. Winter Outside Air Design Temperature: 99.6 percent heating design condition listed in ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook.

2) Ventilation Requirements:

a) Meet ASHRAE 62.1 minimum requirements, provide continuous ventilation during occupied hours. Consult with the Forest Service before increasing ventilation airflow above code requirements.

b) Pre treat outdoor air for temperature and humidity control in all seasons.

c) Examine the use of demand controlled ventilation to increase ventilation rates without unduly increasing energy use

d) Provide balanced ventilation for all conditioned buildings.

e) UVC light: Use only for coil disinfection purposes only. Discuss with FS staff before specifying.

D3010: Energy Supply A. Metering

1) Natural and LP Gas: Where a utility meter is not provided for each building on a site, provide a manual read meter for each building at gas service entrance.

D3020: Heat Generating Systems—Not used

D3030: Cooling Generating Systems—Not used

D3040: Distribution System A. Ducts: Use round duct for ducts 10 inches and smaller. Limit flex duct runs to 5 feet in straight runs only. Do not use flexible duct for turns and bends. Use sheet metal boots at diffusers to connect flexible duct.

B. Return air: Use ducted returns instead of plenum returns.

C. Filtration: Use MERV 14 or higher for new and replacement systems on all air handlers. Check existing systems to remain for viability of MERV 14 or higher filtration and provide highest filter rating possible without system modification.

D3050: Terminal & Package Units A. System Selection: Use one of the following system types:

1) Ground-source heat pump, closed loop.

2) High-efficiency air conditioner with natural gas furnace (do not use propane equipment without prior approval by the Forest Service).

3) High-efficiency air-to-air heat pump

4) Variable refrigerant flow air conditioners and heat pumps

B. Use a small mini-split air conditioner to provide continuous cooling to telecommunications rooms. Use 4kW for equipment heat load unless otherwise specified by the Forest Service.

D3060: Controls & Instrumentation A. Provide thermostat and humidistat controls for all zones.

B. Provide carbon dioxide sensors for demand controlled ventilation in high-density zones.

C. Do not use DDC systems without the prior approval of the Forest Service.

D3070: Systems Testing & Balancing A. Provide fundamental commissioning of all new HVAC systems and retrocommissioning for all systems modified or in buildings receiving major renovations.

Southern Region Design and Construction Standards Page 21 of 28

B. Where feasible and specified, provide enhanced commissioning or retrocommissioning.

D3080: Not Used

D3090: Other HVAC Systems and Equipment—No special requirements

D40 – FIRE PROTECTION

A. Fire suppression systems

1) Clean agent fire suppression systems

a) System type: FM200

b) Use: special rooms as designated in the program. Install all system components within the space being protected

2) Water based systems: no special requirements

3) Provide NFPA 13D or NFPA 13R fire suppression in all residential occupancies

4)…