Attachment 5. TE 01 Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties - 2009.pdf

DRAFT

Fort Bliss A Landscape Handbook for

Historic Properties

Prepared for

U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss Directorate of Public Works – Environmental Division

Fort Bliss, Texas

Prepared by

John Milner Associates, Inc.

Charlott esville, Virginia in cooperation with

Ecological Communications Corporation Austin, Texas

Stewardship Obligations

Fort Bliss encompasses numerous historic buildings, structures, and landscape areas that date from 1891 to the 1950s. The properties discussed in this handbook are located within the Fort Bliss Main Post Historic District, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as signifi cant in the areas of architecture, military history, landscape architecture, and community planning and development, and are associated with signifi cant events and time periods in the history of the U.S. Army. These buildings, structures, and landscape are remarkably intact and serve as lasting reminders of the important contributions of Fort Bliss to American history.

Since passage of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966, federal cultural resource managers have been tasked with evaluating, managing, and planning for the care of historic properties under their jurisdiction. The United States Army is responsible for the long-term care of the historic properties within Fort Bliss under Army Regulation (AR) 200-1, “Environmental Protection and Enhancement,” and Section 106 of the NHPA.

The landscapes contained within these historic properties are recognized as critically important components of the historical mosaic of American life. In order to ensure good stewardship of these historic landscapes, the Army requires that any work carried out on or near a historic property should not cause damage to the fabric or context of the landscapes within. In that light, this handbook provides guidelines for plantings and furnishings being considered within these historic properties. However, Regulation 420-1 is the overriding rule pertaining to grounds maintenance and no guidance in the handbook is considered to contradict this regulation. Nor does this handbook override any anti-terrorism standards set by the Department of Defense.

Although organizations may occupy historic buildings within the Main Post for only a short time, efforts to maintain the historic nature of the property make it possible for future occupants to experience and appreciate the legacy that was passed on by the Army and the nation. In keeping with the greater responsibility for stewardship stressed by the Army, occupants of a historic property are stewards of this historic legacy and are responsible for respecting and protecting the historic property under their care.

This handbook supplies useful guidance in helping to achieve these laudable goals.

Introduction The Chihuahuan Desert Region

Historic Fort Bliss

Historic Landscape Planning

Fort Bliss Guide to Landscaping Approach to Landscape Planning

Water-Smart Landscape Planning

Plant Selection

Landscape Concepts for Specifi c Administrative Areas 1893 Queen Anne Barracks

1915 Barracks and Kitchen/Mess Halls

1919 7th Cavalry Cantonment Barracks and Mess Halls

1921 General Purpose Warehouses

1921 and 1939 Organizational Garages

1935 1st Cavalry Division Barracks

1939 1st Cavalry Division Guard Quarters

1939 1st Cavalry Division Blacksmith Shops

Plant Lists and Illustrations Suggested Plants for Fort Bliss

Technical Guidelines Plant Installation

Plant Maintenance

Recommended Reading

Important Telephone Numbers

Credits could go in this area.

Table of Contents

2 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

The Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties is considered to be the primary tool in assisting post maintenance and unit personnel to design and plan their landscape. While Regulation 420-1, as provided by the Directorate of Public Works (DPW), outlines policies, procedures and responsibilities for grounds maintenance, this handbook focuses on choosing the right plants for different historic buildings and sound gardening and water conservation techniques.

Developed by the DPW Environmental Division, this handbook is a comprehensive guide demonstrating planting schemes for various historic buildings and a practical guide to planting and landscape. It incorporates many of the landscape-planning principles and methods prescribed in the Southwest Regional Historic Landscape Management Plan by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratory and developed as a guide for landscape design within the Fort Bliss Main Post Historic District.

This handbook introduces useful techniques for planting lawns, trees, shrubs and other plants near historic properties, including provisions to:

Preserve the historic character of historic • administrative buildings within the Main Post;

Improve the public image of the post;•

Improve the comfort and aesthetics of entrances and • outdoor use areas; and

Provide landscape water conservation • recommendations.

Please read the handbook carefully before embarking on any new landscape schemes within the Main Post Historic District. The handbook is intended to help save grounds maintenance time and money by recommending plant materials that are appropriate to the desert climate, called “xeric,” thus reducing the need for excessive watering (fi gure 1). The handbook also introduces general landscape design principles, addresses common landscape maintenance problems, discusses water conservation practices, and provides an extensive plant selection list.

The Chihuahaun Desert Region El Paso is located in the arid southwest ecoregion known as the Chihuahuan Desert region, a relatively dry area with high air and soil temperatures. Direct sun radiation is strong here, as is outgoing radiation, which causes extreme variations between night and day temperatures with common nocturnal frosts in the winter months. Annual precipitation in the region is only eight inches, and the native vegetation is xerophytic (requiring little water), widely dispersed, and provides limited ground cover. Many annual species are present, but some appear only after a heavy rain. The soil lacks an organic layer (humus). Alkaline conditions are present, and caliche soil (hardpan) below the surface is typical. Soils are shallow and well-drained.

Land The majority of the Chihuahuan Desert region lies within Mexico. In the United States, the region consists of land in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas, encompassing approximately 85,200 square miles.

The terrain is mostly high desert, consisting of undulating plains, elevations near 4,000 feet, and isolated mountains rising 2,000-5,000+ feet. Few perennial water courses exist (the Rio Grande, the Pecos, and their large tributaries), but many washes (arroyos) that are dry most of the year fi ll up when it rains. Those basins with no outlets drain into shallow playa lakes that typically dry up during rainless periods. Winds constantly blow across the desert and hit high velocities in early spring and fall.

Flora Native vegetation is represented primarily by small-leaved and thorny shrubs, with small trees in areas where soils are deep. Cottonwoods and other trees are confi ned mostly to the few waterways. High mountains contain oak and juniper woods. Plant groups range from creosote-tarbush stands to gramma grasslands to yucca-juniper savannahs.

Shrubs frequently grow in open stands. Cacti such as prickly pear are abundant, and yucca, creosote, and agave are also common in the desert. Ocotillo grow on rocky slopes, and juniper and pinyon pines grow at rocky outcrops in plateau area.

Climate The area’s climate is distinctly arid with long, hot summers, brief, cold winters, and occasional hard freezes. Spring

Figure 1. Existing xeric plants at Fort Bliss.

Introduction

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 3 by shading the buildings, lowered inside temperatures.

Bermuda grass lawns were planted as early as 1894 to control the dusty soils and help mitigate the harsh desert environment. For example, in the 1890s, when the Queen Anne offi cers’ quarters were established, the buildings were quite exposed to the hot and dusty conditions. However, by 1910, a dense planting of mature street trees had been installed, which provided sun protection and wind breaks for the quarters (see fi gure 3).

Historic Landscape Planning Historic landscape planning allows for the gradual addition of elements around a building in a logical and environmentally-sustainable way that is also sensitive to the historic character of the building and its setting.

This handbook offers guidance to building managers and contractors who occupy the historic Main Post buildings.

These buildings are part of the local history of El Paso, the regional history of the military in the American Southwest, and our national heritage. The protection of historic buildings, structures, objects, and landscape at Fort Bliss is not only a commitment that the Army recognizes in principle, but also a responsibility codifi ed by law and regulations as part of the Army’s role in defending the nation and its ideals.

Occupants of historic buildings on the Main Post have certain responsibilities as stewards of those properties, including their landscape settings. At the same time, as workplaces, these buildings should be comfortable, attractive, effi cient, and easy to use. The information presented in this handbook refl ects the historical and environmental sensitivity of the historic district, but also recognizes the need for adaptations that support use. The design principles presented in the following section, Fort Bliss Guide to Landscaping, should guide all landscape modifi cation decisions related to historic administrative buildings at Fort Bliss, however minimal.

and early summer are extremely dry; three-quarters of the precipitation comes in summer monsoons, the rest as gentle rain or snow in winter. The desert receives approximately 8 inches of rain annually, and up to 20 inches falls in the mountains. Severe droughts occur about every 20 years and have been recorded since the 1890s. El Paso is located in Zone 8 of the plant hardiness zones commonly referred to in gardening catalogs, in landscape guides, and on seed packets.

Historic Fort Bliss Like many frontier forts established throughout the latter half of the 1800s, Fort Bliss was constructed in an environment with few amenities. Assistant Quartermaster Capt. George Ruhlen, who was in charge of the design and construction of the post throughout the early 1890s, carefully recorded the environmental conditions of the region and used this information to produce an appropriate post design. An integral component of his design provided for the introduction of shade trees, shrubs, and grasses in and around the row of offi cer’s quarters. These included grass on the parade fi eld and trees along its perimeter. Capt.

Ruhlen believed that the introduction of suffi cient plantings would help to beautify the post, continue a military tradition, and provide relief from the sun, wind, and dust. Over time, the appearance of the desolate post was improved as many new types of plants were introduced (fi gure 2).

From the beginning, the commanders and design boards involved in the planning and expansion of the fort wrote of the importance of planting trees and grass to mitigate the harsh temperatures and blowing dust. At fi rst, they tried using plant types more suitable to the eastern United States, which did not generally survive. Subsequent plantings of native and other drought-tolerant plants were much more succesful.

Historically, shade trees were the dominant landscape feature. Trees were placed in double rows at regular intervals to line the streets (fi gure 3). Buildings were surrounded by trees, which provided shade for walls and roofs. These trees reduced radiant heat from streets, and, Figure 2. Plantings around a residence at Ft. Bliss.

Figure 3. Double rows of trees line the streets at Ft. Bliss.

4 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

As per anti-terrorism standards, maintain a clear zone • around each building of 10 meters (33 feet) in which there is no vegetation that allows for concealment of 150 mm (6 inch) high objects. To do this, avoid using low shrubs or trees with limbs that extend to the ground (fi gures 5 and 6). Very low groundcovers, trees with higher canopies, or other plants that do not allow concealment are acceptable in this area. Beyond the clear zone, any form of plant is allowed.

To further address security concerns, keep an open • sight line above shrubs and below trees canopies, approximately 4-8 feet above the ground (fi gure 7). At street corners and driveways, keep shrubs shorter than 30 inches and trees limbed up to at least 4 feet.

Approach to Landscape Planning Approach landscape design and installation around historic buildings at Fort Bliss using a process that will help preserve historic and environmental features:

First, identify and record historic landscape features, such as trees, planting beds, walls, and pathways, by comparing historic photographs and other documents with existing conditions. Note if important entrances, windows, or architectural details are currently blocked by vegetation.

Next, identify and record environmental conditions. These include building orientation and the availability of sun to support the plants desired; prevailing wind patterns, which can affect survival of plants within that particular microclimate; fertility of soils and depth to caliche; and the existence of underground utilities, such as gas, sewer, or water lines, or overhead utilities such as electrical or telephone lines. Locate existing plants and determine if any should be removed due to condition or other factors.

Then, identify changes to the landscape that are desired for use and comfort, such as locations where shade or extra parking is desired, or entrances created or marked.

Consider needs for visibility for safety and security.

Finally, develop a design that accomplishes the desired changes, but preserves historic features and ameliorates undesirable environmental conditions. Consider the following guidelines:

Create an identifi able and inviting image for main • building entrances. Do not obscure entrances with vegetation or crowd them with plants that grow too large for the space. Use color and textural accents to help wayfi nding, while at the same time maintaining an unobstructed view of the front entrance area.

Maintain a 2-foot no-planting zone of stone mulch • around historic buildings to reduce potential water and plant damage to foundations and to allow for maintenance access to the buildings (fi gure 4).

Fort Bliss Guide to Landscaping

Figure 6. Do maintain clear space within 33 feet of buildings.

Figure 5. Don’t place low branching plants within 33 feet of buildings.

Figure 4. Maintain a 2-foot no planting zone of stone mulch.

Figure 7. Maintain an open sight line above shrubs and below tree canopies, approximately 4-8 feet above the ground.

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 5

Do not plant taller shrubs or small, dense trees in a • manner that blocks visibility from windows important for security surveillance. Instead, plant such vegetation along the sides and corners of buildings to frame or accentuate the building architecture.

To avoid a cluttered appearance, use a limited palate of • plant species around each building (fi gures 8 and 9).

Water-Smart Landscape Planning Reduce the amount of water to be used in the landscape by using a combination of good design, careful plant selection and location, proper soil preparation, judicious use of irrigation, and application of mulch.

Select • drought-tolerant native and adapted plants that are suited to the arid climate and local soil conditions.

Lists of recommended plants are included at the end of this handbook (refer to Plant Lists and Illustrations).

Avoid plants that are susceptible to pest and disease problems or cannot easily adapt to the climate of the Main Post. Use drought-tolerant grasses such as Bermuda for lawns.

Locate• large-species trees to shade buildings and cooling units in the summer in order to reduce energy costs (fi gure 10). Plant deciduous trees on the east, south, and west sides of buildings to block the sun during the hottest time of the day and year. Do not plant evergreen trees close to the south sides of buildings because they block winter sunlight. If space permits, use evergreen trees to block harsh westerly or prevailing winds.

Figure 9. Do restrict planting designs to a limited variety of plants.

Figure 8. Don’t use too many different species of plants.

Group• plants with similar water needs. Evergreens may need winter watering, whereas deciduous trees do not. In general, trees will need to be deeply watered at approximately two-week intervals to encourage strong, deep, root development.

Prepare • the soil according to recommendations made by the local soil testing services for the particular plants selected. Choosing appropriate plants will alleviate many of the problems associated with poor soil conditions. An exception may be where there is caliche, which is a deposit of calcium carbonate beneath the soil surface. In El Paso, caliche is generally white and often contains stone or gravel, forming a hardpan layer that is impervious to roots and water. Refer to Plant Installation in the Technical Guidelines portion of this handbook if caliche soil is a problem in the area.

Plant Selection When selecting plants, use species recommended in this handbook (refer to Plant Lists and Illustrations). These are recommended because they:

Are similar in appearance to vegetation used during the • historic periods addressed.

Have sizes and shapes that complement the architecture • of the historic buildings.

Are native or adapted to the region.•

Can survive on low-to-average water use.•

Can survive in alkaline soil.•

Require minimal maintenance.•

Can withstand the wind, heat, and cold extremes of the • arid climate.

Figure 10. Locate large-species trees to shade buildings and cooling units in the summer months.

6 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Existing Conditions – Building 13

Proposed Conditions – Building 13 – Dense shrubs are removed and replaced with small deciduous tree and low perennials.

Building Description Buildings 13 and 111 were originally constructed in 1893 as housing for enlisted men and administrative offi ces.

They were based on the Offi ce of the Quartermaster General standard plan with simplifi ed Queen Anne or Folk Victorian style elements. Along with the adjacent barracks constructed in 1915, these buildings form the important eastern enclosure of the parade ground.

Design Intent Protect building foundation from water and root • damage.

Remove dense shrub plantings next to structures as per • DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Measures for Buildings (DoD Antiterrorism Measures) report.

Preserve historic landscape character by use of grass and • street trees on the east side of Pershing Road parallel to the parade ground.

Provide shade for human comfort as well as a cooling • mechanism for structures and interior temperatures.

Allow unobstructed views from windows by planting at • corners or below window levels.

Indicate building entrances by use of small deciduous • trees with transparent foliage or columnar evergreen trees, with minimum 4-foot height to canopy.

1893 Queen Anne Barracks

Existing Character – Building 111

Existing Character – Building 13

Context Map

N

Landscape Concepts for Specific Administrative Areas

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 7

Existing Conditions – Building 111

Planting Plan – Building 13

Existing large trees to remain

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Groundcover/perennials along front of building max. 6” ht.(typ.)

Parking

NTS

Parad e G ro u n d

Planting Plan – Building 111

Existing large trees to remain

Gravel

Large replacement tree to match existing

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht.

canopy (typ.)

Small deciduous trees to enhance entrance min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Groundcover/perennials along front of building max. 6” ht. (typ.)

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Grass

Gravel

HVAC

Grass

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Proposed Conditions – Building 111 – Deciduous trees provide shade and a columnar evergreen enhances the building entrance.

Cupressus sempervirens

Prosopis glandulosa

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

N at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

GROUNDCOVERS & PERENNIALS

Callirhoe involucrata Winecups 0.5’ Drosanthemum speciosum Ice Plant 0.5’

Dyssodia acerosa (Thymophylla acerosa)

Shrubby Dogweed 0.5’

Zephryanthes species Rain Lily 0.5’

GRASSES

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 60’

Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’ Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana (A.

smallii) Sweet Acacia 25’

Leuceana retusa Goldenball Leadtree 20’

Parkinsonia x cercidium ‘Desert Museum’

Palo Verde hybrids 20’

Pe re nn ia l F av or ite s

Callirhoe involucrata

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Drosanthemum speciosum

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.Acacia farnesiana

W ild fl o w er .o rg

8 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Building Description Buildings 11, 12, 15, 112-118, 122, 123, and 125 were all constructed in 1915 during the First Expansion Period at Fort Bliss. It was through this expansion program that Fort Bliss was converted from an infantry post into a cavalry installation as part of a larger Army effort aimed to increase security along the U.S.-Mexico border. Buildings 11, 12, and 112-118 were built as housing for enlisted men and also as administrative offi ces. With the exception of 118, each set of two barracks shared a single Mess Hall set some distance to the back of the barracks, creating an open yard between. Along with the adjacent barracks constructed in 1893, these buildings form the important eastern enclosure of the parade ground.

Design Intent Protect building foundations from water and root • damage.

Remove dense shrubs next to structures as per • DoD Antiterrorism Measures report.

Preserve historic landscape character by retaining and • replacing when necessary existing street trees and retaining grass in planting areas below the trees.

Preserve historic planting scale and rhythms of the • historic landscape by removing dense shrubs to west of the sidewalk underneath the street trees.

Retain historic planting formality and symmetry by • grouping of small deciduous trees and avoiding random placement of any shrubs.

Provide shade for HVAC units between buildings and • to shade the structures.

Install power lines underground.•

1915 Barracks and Kitchen Mess Halls

Existing Character – Building 122

Existing Character – Building 113

Existing Conditions – Building 122

Context Map

N

Proposed Conditions – Building 122 – Deciduous trees provide shade and enhance the building site.

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 9

Existing Conditions

Planting Plan

Large deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Small deciduous trees at entrance

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht.

canopy (typ.)

Grass

Gravel

Gravel

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Groundcover/ perennials max. 6” ht. (typ.)

Small deciduous trees at entrance

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Existing large trees to remain

NTS

Proposed Conditions – Dense shrubs removed and deciduous trees planted and low (6” max. height) perennials.

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

GROUNDCOVERS & PERENNIALS

Callirhoe involucrata Winecups 0.5’ Drosanthemum speciosum Ice Plant 0.5’

Dyssodia acerosa (Thymophylla acerosa)

Shrubby Dogweed 0.5’

Zephryanthes species Rain Lily 0.5’

GRASSES

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak 50’ Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 50’ Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’ Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana (A.

smallii) Sweet Acacia 25’

Leuceana retusa Goldenball Leadtree 20’

Parkinsonia x cercidium ‘Desert Museum’

Palo Verde hybrids 20’

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Drosanthemum speciosum

Prosopis glandulosa

N at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

Acacia farnesiana

W ild fl o w er .o rg

Quercus virginiana

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Pe re nn ia l F av or ite s

Callirhoe involucrata

10 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Buildings 440, 442-444, and 448-452 are the remaining portion of the original group of thirty buildings that supported the Army’s Mexican Border Zone Project and early efforts to create a cavalry division along the U.S.- Mexico border. The building cluster is defi ned by Merritt Road, Pershing Road, Howze Street, Sheridan Road, and Gregg Road. The buildings were constructed to be serviceable, but do not strongly display characteristics of any particular architectural style. Buildings 448-452 were constructed as barracks and Buildings 440 and 442-444 as mess halls set to the rear of the barracks, creating an open yard between. It should be noted that Buildings 442 and 443 were originally one building.

Design Intent Protect building foundations from water and root • damage.

Remove dense shrubs next to structures as per • DoD Antiterrorism Measures report.

Provide shade for structures, entrances and gathering • areas by grouping medium to large deciduous trees.

Create a sense of place for these buildings by providing • large deciduous street trees on Pershing Road.

Avoid confl icts with existing utility wires by using • small to medium plants near the structures, including small deciduous trees no greater than 15 feet in height.

Retain and complement the scale of the structures with • appropriate sized plants.

Separate parking and planting areas with ornamental • grasses, accent plants, and colorful perennials with a maximum height of 4 feet, planted a minimum of 33 feet from the structure.

1919 7th Calvary Cantonment Barracks and Mess Halls

Existing Conditions

Proposed Conditions – Dense shrubs removed and deciduous trees planted for shade at entrances and gathering areas.

Existing Character

Existing Character

Context Map

N

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 11

Proposed Conditions – Transparent grasses enhance site and soften parking area.

Planting Plan

Ornamental grasses and accent plantings 3-4’ ht.

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht.

canopy (typ.)

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Grass

Large deciduous or evergreen trees min. 4’ hit. canopy (typ.)

Gravel

Small deciduous tree min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Gravel

Gravel

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Grass

NTS

Parking

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

ACCENT PLANTS

Agave spp. Century Plant varies Dasylirion wheeleri Sotol 15’ Yucca elata Soaptree Yucca 10’

GRASSES

Ornamental Grasses Nassella (Stipa) tennuissima Feather Grass 2’

Pennisetum setaceum Red Fountain Grass 4’

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak 50’ Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 50’ Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’ Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Agave spp.

Dasylirion wheeleri

Yucca elata

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt s

JM

A C ol le ct io n

Pennisetum setaceum

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Prosopis glandulosa

N at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

12 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Proposed Conditions – Deciduous trees are in scale with building mass and parking is clearly delineated.

Building Description Buildings 1101-1124 were constructed in 1921 as part of a larger Army effort to more effi ciently manage its supply operations. The construction of this zone of warehouses in the Main Post initiated a trend of post development to the east. While not particularly distinguished architecturally and described as Industrial in style, this group of 24 large buildings, arranged in a four by six array, is remarkable for its overall mass and the two remaining lengths of abandoned railroad tracks that run between each set of 12 buildings and connect the warehouses to the principal railway through Fort Bliss.

Design Intent Defi ne parking spaces for effi ciency and organization • of open space between buildings.

Provide parking bumpers to prevent disturbance to • planting areas and building foundations.

Avoid confl ict with existing utility lines by using • medium to small trees with a maximum height of 15 feet.

Provide shade for parking areas where planting space • is available.

Complement existing functions of the warehouses • by providing sun tolerant plants with little to no maintenance.

1921 General Purpose Warehouses

Existing Character

Existing Character

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 13

Proposed Conditions – Tree plantings form a vegetative screen along building rows.

Planting Plan

NTS

Gravel Parking

Area

Raised concrete walkway

Planting bed with gravel mulch over topsoil

Gravel parking area

Medium or large deciduous or evergreen trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 60’

Pinus eldarica Afghan, Mondel Pine 70’

Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak 50’ Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 50’ Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache 40’ Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’

Quercus buckleyi Texas Red Oak, Spanish Oak 40’

Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Robinia X ambigua Locust Pink/ Purple selections 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 35’

Ulmus parvifl ora True Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm

40’

Prosopis glandulosa

N at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

Cupressus sempervirens

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Pinus eldarica

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Sapindus saponaria

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt

14 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Existing Conditions – 1921 Organizational Garages

Proposed Conditions – 1921 Organizational Garages – Planting space is extended in front of buildings, with trees providing shade and scale.

Building Description Buildings 1334 and 1336 were constructed in 1921, the former as a motor vehicle repair garage and the latter as a riding hall. They were originally constructed of reinforced concrete with steel framing, but in 1934, the walls of Building 1334 were fi lled in with adobe brick. Both are described as Utilitarian in style, based on standard military plans. These garages were constructed as part of the larger Army effort to manage supply operations.

Buildings 762 and 767 were constructed in 1939 as large, open, utilitarian garages. The two hangar type buildings have reinforced concrete fl oors, stuccoed adobe brick walls, and large pilasters that suggest a connection to the Spanish Eclectic style.

Design Intent 1921 Buildings

Move jersey barriers to the north to create more planting • space in front of Building 1334.

Defi ne and establish grass planting beds.•

Provide shade between buildings for HVAC units and • replace grass with gravel mulch.

Provide visual interest for the buildings by planting • small trees and colorful groundcover or perennials.

1939 Buildings

Complement existing conditions at Building 762 with • small deciduous tree plantings or columnar evergreens.

Defi ne gravel areas and entrances for Building 769 to • match existing conditions at Building 762.

Provide visual interest for the buildings by planting • small deciduous trees and or columnar evergreens.

1921 and 1939 Organizational Garages

Existing Character – 1939 Organizational Garages

Existing Character – 1921 Organizational Garages

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 15

Planting Plan – 1921 Organizational Garages

Existing tree Gravel

Gravel

Existing concrete pad

Parking

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht.

canopy (typ.)

Existing tree

Large deciduous trees to match existing

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Grass

Groundcover/perennials max. 6” ht. (typ.)

NTS NTS

Recycling Yard

Existing Conditions – 1939 Organizational Garages

Proposed Conditions – 1939 Organizational Garages – Tree massing provides shade and scale for buildings.

Planting Plan– 1939 Organizational Garages

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht.

canopy (typ.)

Columnar evergreen trees min. 4’ ht. to branching (typ.)

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

GROUNDCOVERS & PERENNIALS

Callirhoe involucrata Winecups 0.5’ Drosanthemum speciosum Ice Plant 0.5’

Zephryanthes species Rain Lily selections 0.5’

GRASSES

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 60’

Pinus eldarica Afghan, Mondel Pine 70’

Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’ Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia 25’

Leuceana retusa Goldenball Leadtree 20’

Parkinsonia x cercidium ‘Desert Museum’

Palo Verde hybrids 20’

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Pinus eldarica

Leuceana retusa

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Drosanthemum speciosum

Acacia farnesiana

W ild fl o w er .o rg

16 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Buildings 500, 503, 504, 512, 515, and 516 were constructed in 1935 as a part of a larger nationwide Army housing program. They were originially used as enlisted men’s barracks to replace the 7th Cavalry buildings that had already been razed. These barracks represent the last concerted effort by the Army to maintain a force of cavalry at the post. Located along Pershing Road and forming a spatial edge to the east end of the parade grounds, these six, three-story buildings are distinctive for their size, massing, and Spanish Eclectic architectural style, identifi able by red tile roofs, prominent arches, and stuccoed facades. These double-stem T-plan buildings were arranged in two three-building clusters forming an open space at their centers, which is overlooked by broad, two-story, arcaded porches.

A planted courtyard with seating is featured at the center of the cluster of Buildings 500, 503, and 504, while a large parking lot has been installed at the center of the cluster formed by Buildings 512, 515, and 516.

Design Intent Remove dense shrubs next to structures as per • DoD Antiterrorism Measures report.

Retain and complement the architectural character and • scale of the buildings with appropriately sized plant material.

Simplify the landscape by removing random scattering • of shrubs along Holbrook Road.

Organize the landscape by grouping plantings to form • spaces, occupy corners and mark entrances.

Maintain minimum 4-foot high canopies on both • existing and proposed trees as per DoD Antiterrorism Measures report.

1935 1st Calvary Division Barracks

Existing Conditions

Existing Conditions – Large dense shrub plantings are removed. Trees provide scale and transparent shrubs enhance corners.

Existing Character – Building 512

Existing Character

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 17

Planting Plan

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Groundcover/perennials max. 6” ht. (typ.)

Existing trees to remain

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Grass

Gravel

Transparent ornamental grasses, shrubs, or accent plantings 3-4’ ht.

Existing large trees to remain

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Large deciduous or evergreen trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

NTS

Planted courtyard with seating

Proposed Conditions – Trees enhance entrance and provide shade and scale.

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

ACCENT PLANTS

Agave spp. Century Plant varies

GRASSES

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

SHRUBS

Caesalpinia pulcherrima Red Bird-of- Paradise 6’

Calliandra eriophylla Fairy Duster 3’

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more)

Pinus eldarica Afghan, Mondel Pine 70’

Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana Sweet Acacia 25’

Leuceana retusa Goldenball Leadtree 20’

Parkinsonia aculeata Mexican Palo Verde, Retama 25’

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Calliandra eriophylla

Ph oe ni x

D es er t B ot an ic al

G ar de ns

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Sapindus saponaria

Parkinsonia aculeata

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt s El

P as o W at er

U til ity

Agave spp.

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

18 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Buildings 611-613 and 649-651 were constructed in 1939 as blacksmith and saddle shops to serve the needs of the cavalry division. They were built on the north and south edges of a larger cluster of cavalry buildings close to the center of the Main Post. At the center of the cluster, fl anking Taylor Street, are the guard quarters for this division. Between the quarters and the shops lie long brick buildings that were previously used as stables. Built in a simplifi ed Craftsman style, these six buildings are constructed of reinforced concrete, red brick, and gable roofs with chimneys on each site. They originally had four bays each with stable doors on one side and windows on the other three.

Design Intent Provide shade with medium to large deciduous tree • plantings.

Restore, repair curbing to form planting beds and • contain soil and gravel mulch.

Use gravel mulch for ease of maintenance and general • character of the Blacksmith Shops.

Respect planting limitations due to required concrete • slabs, concrete walks, and chain link fencing related to current building functions.

Avoid confl ict with existing utility lines by use of small • trees no greater than 15 feet in height.

1939 1st Calvary Division Blacksmith Shops

Existing Character

Existing Conditions

Existing Character

Context Map

N

Proposed Conditions – Tree plantings provide shade and scale to building mass.

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 19

Proposed Conditions – Existing tree remains and medium to large deciduous trees create shade and screening.

Planting Plan

Install curb to match existing

NTS

Parking Parking

Existing tree

Gravel

Medium or large deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak 50’ Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 50’ Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache 40’ Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’

Quercus buckleyi Texas Red Oak, Spanish Oak 40’

Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Robinia X ambigua Locust Pink/ Purple selections 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 35’

Ulmus parvifl ora True Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm

40’

Sapindus saponaria

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt s

Quercus virginiana

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Prosopis glandulosa

N at io na l P ar k Se rv ic e

20 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Building Description Buildings 627-629 and 631-633 are located at the center of the 1st Cavalry Division stable cluster, fl anking Taylor Street. They were constructed in two phases, half in 1934 and half in 1939, and served as the quarters for the cavalry division guards. Each building is a one-story duplex, constructed from reinforced concrete and common bond red brick in a simplifi ed Colonial Revival style, with a single projecting porch, a steep gable, and a single chimney at the center that serves both units. It is notable that these six buildings face each other in a symmetrical arrangement fl anking Taylor Street and in a way that emphasizes their residential scale.

Design Intent Remove dense shrubs next to structures as per • DoD Antiterrorism Measures report.

Repair and restore rock retaining walls and curbs to • defi ne limits to planting areas.

Provide color and character with low perennials along • the rock walls and curb edges.

Provide shade with small to medium deciduous trees.•

Provide shade with large deciduous trees near the street • and to reinforce historic residential character.

Retain residential scale by use of small to medium trees • near the structures.

Maintain grass around structures to the edge of the rock • walls and curbs.

1939 1st Calvary Division Guard Quarters

Existing Character – Building 628

Existing Character – Building 632

Context Map

N

Proposed Conditions – Small stone wall is retained and repaired. Gravel is used in rear of buildings.

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 21

Proposed Conditions – Grass is retained in front and sides of building.

Trees provide shade and scale.

Planting Plan

Repair/restore stone retaining wall

2’ Gravel strip next to building

Large or medium trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Small deciduous trees min. 4’ ht. canopy (typ.)

Grass

Parking

Parking

Groundcover/perennials max. 6” ht. (typ.)

Groundcover/perennials max. 6” ht. (typ.)

NTS

Note: Please see the Plant Lists and Illustrations section at the back of this handbook for a complete listing of recommended plants.

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height

GROUNDCOVERS & PERENNIALS

Callirhoe involucrata Winecups 0.5’ Drosanthemum speciosum Ice Plant 0.5’

Dyssodia acerosa (Thymophylla acerosa)

Shrubby Dogweed 0.5’

GRASSES

Turf Grasses Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass 2”

TREES

Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Thornless Honeylocust 45’

Quercus virginiana or fusiformis

Escarpment Live Oak 40’

Sapindus saponaria var.

drummondii

Western Soapberry 30’

Ulmus parvifl ora True Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm

40’

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana (A.

smallii) Sweet Acacia 25’

Chilopsis linearis Desert Willow 25’ Fraxinus cuspidata Fragrant Ash 20’

Parkinsonia aculeata Mexican Palo Verde, Retama 25’

Prosopis pubescens Screwbean Mesquite 20’

Chilopsis linearis

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Quercus virginiana

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Acacia farnesiana

W ild fl o w er .o rg

Parkinsonia aculeata

El P as o

W at er U til ity

Pe re nn ia l F av or ite

Callirhoe involucrata

22 Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties

Plant Lists and Illustrations Scientifi c Name Common Name Height Width Evergreen or

Deciduous Water Req.

ACCENT PLANTS

Agave spp. Century Plant varies varies Evergreen L Dasylirion wheeleri Sotol 15’ 4’ Evergreen L Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo 15’ 6’ Decidious L Hesperaloe parvifl ora Red Yucca 5’ 4’ Evergreen L Opuntia engelmannii Prickley Pear Cactus 6’ 4’ Evergreen L Opuntia imbricata Cholla 9’ 4’ Evergreen L Yucca elata Soaptree Yucca 10’ 4’ Evergreen L

COLOR PERENNIALS

Baileya multiradiata Desert Marigold 1.5’ 1’ Perennial/Biennial L Berlandiera lyrata Chocolate Daisy 2’ 1’ Perennial L Callirhoe involucrata Winecups 0.5’ 2’ Perennial L Coreoposis lanceolata Coreopsis 2’ 1’ Perennial L Dyssodia acerosa (Thymophylla acerosa) Shrubby Dogweed 0.5’ 1’ Perennial L Echinacea purpurea Purple Conefl ower 3’ 1’ Perennial L

Gaillardia aristata Blanket Flower selections 1’ 1’ Perennial L

Gazania X hybrids Clumping Gazania 1’ 1’ Perennial L Glandularia (Verbena) goodingii Gooding Verbena 1.5’ 4’ Perennial L Hibiscus coulteri Yellow Desert Mallow 2’ 1’ Perennial L Justica spicigera Desert Honeysuckle 4’ 5’ Perennial L-M Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot Daisy 1’ 1’ Perennial L Penstemon ambiguus Sand Penstemon 4’ 3’ Perennial L Psilostrophe tagetina Paper Flower 1.5’ 1’ Perennial L

Ratibida columnaris Mexican Hat or Conefl ower 2’ 1’ Perennial L

Zephryanthes species Rain Lilly selections 0.5’ .5’ Perennial L Zinnia acerosa Desert Zinnia 1’ 1’ Perennial L

GRASSES

Ornamental Grasses Muhlenbergia capillaris Gulf Coast Muhly Grass 2’ 3’ Warm Season L Muhlenbergia rigens Muhly Grass 3’ 3’ Warm Season L Nassella (Stipa) tennuissima Feather Grass 2’ 2’ Warm Season M

Pennisetum setaceum (sterile only) Red Fountain Grass selections 4’ 4’ Deciduous M

Turf Grasses

Cynodon dactylon Hybrid Bermudagrass selections 2” varies Warm Season M

GROUND COVERS

Baccharis pilularis Coyote Bush 2’ 5’ Evergreen L Dalea capitata Lemon Dalea 1’ 5’ Evergreen L

Dalea greggii Prostrate or Trailing Indigo Bush 1’ 6’ Semi-Evergreen L

Drosanthemum speciosum Ice Plant 0.5’ 3’ Semi-Evergreen L Glandularia (Verbena) rigida Sandpaper Verbena 2’ 4’ Perennial L Lantana montevidensis ‘New Gold’ New Gold Lantana 2’ 3’ Deciduous L

SHRUBS

Acacia constricta Whitethorn Acacia 12’ 10’ Deciduous L Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo Bush 10’ 5’ Deciduous M Artemisia fi lifolia Sand Sagebrush 6’ 5’ Evergreen L Atriplex canescens Four-Wing Saltbush 6’ 8’ Semi-Evergreen L Baccharis sarothroides (male only) Desert Broom 10’ 8’ Evergreen H Caesalpinia pulcherrima Red Bird-of-Paradise 6’ 6’ Deciduous L Calliandra eriophylla Fairy Duster 3’ 4’ Deciduous L Calliandra X hybrid ‘Red Star’ Red Fairy Duster hybrid 5’ 5’ Deciduous L Ceratoides (Krascheninnikovia) lanata Winterfat 3’ 2’ Evergreen L Chrysactinia mexicana Damianita 2’ 2’ Perennial L Dalea frutescens Black Dalea 3’ 5’ Deciduous L Dalea pulchera Indigo Bush 4’ 5’ Evergreen L-M Ericameria laricifolia Turpentine Bush 3’ 3’ Evergreen M Fallugia paradoxa Apache Plume 6’ 5’ Evergreen L Fraxinus greggi Littleleaf Ash 15’ 8’ Semi-Evergreen L

Agave spp.

Dasylirion wheeleri

Pennisetum setaceum

Muhlenbergia capillaris

Callirhoe involucrata

Yucca elata

Opuntia engelmannii

Zinnea acerosa

Hibiscus coulteri

Echinacea purpurea

Berlandiera lyrata

Baileya multiradiata

Melampodium leucanthum

Lantana camaraJuniperus sabina

Dalea frutescens

Caesalpinia pulcherrima Lantana montevidensis

Glandularia rigida Drosanthemum speciosum

Dalea greggii

Calliandra eriophylla

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt s C hi hu ah ua n D es er t P la nt s

Ph oe ni x

D es er t B ot an ic al

G ar de ns

El P as o

W at er U til ity

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

Pe re nn ia l F av or ite s

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt s C hi hu ah ua n D es er t P la nt s

Pa m

P en ic k

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

JM

A

C ol le ct io n

C hi hu ah ua n

D es er t P la nt

Fort Bliss Landscape Handbook for Historic Properties 23

Scientifi c Name Common Name Height Width Evergreen or Deciduous

Water Req.

Juniperus sabina ‘Tamariscifolia’ Tam Juniper 3’ 6’ Evergreen L Lantana camara Bush Lantana 5’ 5’ Perennial L-M Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush 8’ 6’ Evergreen L Leucophyllum frutescens Texas Sage selections 5’ 3’ Deciduous L Leucophyllum laevigatum Chihuahuan Rain Sage 5’ 5’ Evergreen L Nandina domestica Heavenly Bamboo 5’ 3’ Evergreen M Photinia serrulata Chinese Photinia 20’ 10’ Evergreen M Poliomintha incana Desert Rosemary 3’ 4’ Semi-Evergreen L Psorothamnus scoparius Broom Dalea 3’ 4’ Semi-Evergreen L Quercus turbinella Shrub Oak 15’ 10’ Evergreen L

Raphiolepis indica Indian Hawthorne selections 4’ 4’ Evergreen M

Rhus trilobata Threeleaf Sumac selections varies varies Deciduous L

Robinia neomexicana New Mexico Locust 15’ 10’ Deciduous M Rosmarinus offi cinalis Rosemary 3’ 4’ Evergreen L-M Salvia gregii Autumn Sage selections 3’ 2’ Semi-Evergreen M Senna (Cassia) wislizenii Shrubby Senna 7’ 6’ Deciduous L Sophora secundifl ora Texas Mountain Laurel 15’ 10’ Evergreen L Tecoma stans var. angustata Yellow Bells 6’ 4’ Deciduous L-M Tecoma X alata Orange Jubilee 10’ 8’ Deciduous L-M Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill Palm 15’ 7’ Evergreen M Vauquelinia corymbosum var. augustifolia Chisos Rosewood 15’ 10’ Evergreen L Viguiera stenoloba Skeleton Leaf 5’ 5’ Semi-Evergreen L

TREES

Large Trees (50’ or more) Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress 60’ 8’ Evergreen L Pinus eldarica Afghan, Mondel Pine 70’ 30’ Evergreen M Quercus muhlenbergii Chinquapin Oak 50’ 40’ Deciduous M Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust 50’ 25’ Deciduous M Washingtonia fi lifera California Fan Palm 50’ 10’ Evergreen L Washingtonia robusta Mexican Fan Palm 80’ 6’ Evergreen L Medium Trees (between 30’ and 49’) Brahea armata Mexican Blue Palm 30’ 8’ Evergreen L-M

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Thornless Honeylocust selections 45’ 35’ Deciduous M

Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm 40’ 15’ Evergreen M

Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache selections 40’ 30’ Deciduous M

Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite 30’ 30’ Deciduous L

Quercus buckleyi Texas Red Oak, Spanish Oak 40’ 30’ Deciduous M

Quercus virginiana or fusiformis Escarpment Live Oak 40’ 40’ Semi-Evergreen M

Robinia X ambigua Locust Pink/Purple selections 40’ 30’ Deciduous M

Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii Western Soapberry 30’ 20’ Deciduous L Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree 35’ 35’ Deciduous M

Ulmus parvifl ora True Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm 40’ 35’ Deciduous M

Small Trees (less than 30’) Acacia farnesiana (A. smallii) Sweet Acacia 25’ 25’ Deciduous M Catalpa X Chilopsis Chitalpa…