ATTACHMENT 4 - Specifications Volume 4.pdf

CONSTRUCT CLC COTTAGE - HOSPICE

VA PROJECT NO.: 438-420

SCHEMMER PROJECT NO.: 06054.034

100% CD

SUBMITTAL

VOLUME 4

JUNE 2021

Prepared By:

VA PROJECT NO. 438-420

SCHEMMER NO. 06054.034

JUNE 2021 VAMC SIOUX FALLS

00 01 10-1

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

VHA MASTER SPECIFICATIONS

VOLUME 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 00 01 10

DIVISION 00 - SPECIAL SECTIONS DATE

00 01 15 List of Drawing Sheets 06-30

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 00 00 General Requirements 06-30 01 32 16.15 Project Schedules (small Projects – Design/Bid/Build) 06-30

01 33 23 Shop Drawings, Product Data, and Samples 06-30 01 33 24 Electronic Submittal Procedures 06-30 01 35 26 Safety Requirements 06-30 01 42 19 Reference Standards 06-30 01 45 00 Quality Control 06-30 01 45 29 Testing laboratory services 06-30 01 57 19 Temporary Environmental Controls 06-30 01 58 16 Temporary Interior Signage 06-30 01 74 19 Construction Waste Management 06-30 01 91 00 General Commissioning Requirements 06-30

DIVISION 02 – EXISTING CONDITIONS

02 21 13 Site Surveys 06-30 02 41 00 Demolition 06-30 02 82 13.13 Glovebag Asbestos Abatement 06-30

DIVISION 03 – CONCRETE

03 30 00 Cast-in-Place Concrete 06-30

DIVISION 04 – MASONRY

04 05 13 Masonry Mortaring 06-30 04 05 16 Masonry Grouting 06-30 04 20 00 Unit Masonry 06-30 04 72 00 Cast Stone Masonry 06-30

DIVISION 05 – METALS

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing 06-30 05 12 13 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel 06-30 05 31 00 Steel Decking 06-30 05 40 00 Cold-Formed Metal Framing 06-30 05 50 00 Metal Fabrications 06-30 05 51 00 Metal Stairs 06-30

VA PROJECT NO. 438-420

SCHEMMER NO. 06054.034

JUNE 2021 VAMC SIOUX FALLS

00 01 10-1

DIVISION 06 – WOOD, PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES

06 10 00 Rough Carpentry 06-30

DIVISION 07 - THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

07 13 00 Sheet Waterproofing (Showers) 06-30 07 21 13 Thermal Insulation 06-30 07 22 00 Roof and Deck Insulation 06-30 07 27 27 Air & Vapor Barrier 06-30 07 31 14 Metal Shingles 06-30 07 53 23 Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer Roofing 06-30 07 60 00 Flashing and Sheet Metal 06-30 07 61 16 Standing Seam Metal Roofing 06-30 07 84 00 Firestopping 06-30 07 92 00 Joint Sealants 06-30 07 95 13 Expansion Joint Cover Assemblies 06-30

DIVISION 08 - OPENINGS

08 11 13 Hollow Metal Doors and Frames 06-30 08 14 00 Interior Wood Doors 06-30 08 41 13 Aluminum Entrances 06-30 08 44 13 Glazed Curtain Walls 06-30 08 71 00 Door Hardware 06-30 08 71 13 Automatic Door Operators 06-30 08 80 00 Glazing 06-30

DIVISION 09 – FINISHES

09 06 00 Schedule for Finishes 06-30 09 22 16 Non-Structural Metal Framing 06-30 09 29 00 Gypsum Board 06-30 09 30 13 Ceramic/Porcelain Tiling 06-30 09 51 00 Acoustical Ceilings 06-30 09 54 23 Linear Metal Ceilings 06-30 09 65 13 Resilient Base and Accessories 06-30 09 65 16 Resilient Sheet Flooring 06-30 09 65 19 Resilient Tile Flooring 06-30 09 91 00 Painting 06-30

DIVISION 10 – SPECIALTIES

10 26 00 Wall and Door Protection 06-30 10 28 00 Toilet, Bath, and Laundry Accessories 06-30 10 44 13 Fire Extinguisher Cabinets 06-30

DIVISION 12 – FURNISHINGS

12 24 00 Window Shades 06-30 12 32 00 Manufactured Wood Casework 06-30 12 36 00 Countertops 06-30

VAMC SIOUX FALLS VA PROJECT NO. 438-420 JUNE 2021

CONSTRUCT CLC COTTAGE - HOSPICE SCHEMMER NO. 06054.034

00 01 10-3

VOLUME 2

DIVISION 21- FIRE SUPPRESSION

21 08 00 Commissioning of Fire Suppression System 06-30 21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems 06-30

DIVISION 22 – PLUMBING

22 05 11 Common Work Results for Plumbing 06-30 22 05 12 General Motor Requirements for Plumbing Equipment 06-30 22 05 19 Meters and Gages for Plumbing Piping 06-30 22 05 23 General-Duty Valves for Plumbing Piping 06-30 22 07 11 Plumbing Insulation 06-30 22 08 00 Commissioning of Plumbing Systems 06-30 22 11 00 Facility Water Distribution 06-30 22 11 23 Domestic Water Pumps 06-30 22 13 00 Facility Sanitary and Vent Piping 06-30 22 14 00 Facility Storm Drainage 06-30 22 35 00 Domestic Water Heat Exchangers 06-30 22 40 00 Plumbing Fixtures 06-30 22 42 26 Commercial Disposers 06-30 22 62 00 Vacuum Systems for Laboratory and Healthcare Facilities 06-30 22 63 00 Gas Systems for Laboratory and Healthcare Facilities 06-30

DIVISION 23 – HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR

CONDITIONING (HVAC)

23 05 11 Common Work Results for HVAC 06-30 23 05 12 General Motor Requirements for HVAC and Steam

Generation Equipment 06-30

23 05 41 Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC Piping and Equipment

06-30

23 05 93 Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing for HVAC 06-30 23 07 11 HVAC and Boiler Plant Insulation 06-30 23 08 00 Commissioning of HVAC Systems 06-30 23 09 23 Direct-Digital Control System for HVAC 06-30 23 21 13 Hydronic Piping 06-30 23 21 23 Hydronic Pumps 06-30 23 22 13 Steam and Condensate Heating Piping 06-30 23 23 00 Refrigerant Piping 06-30 23 25 00 HVAC Water Treatment 06-30 23 31 00 HVAC Ducts and Casings 06-30 23 34 00 HVAC Fans 06-30 23 36 00 Air Terminal Units 06-30 23 37 00 Air Outlets and Inlets 06-30 23 38 13 Commercial-Kitchen Hoods 06-30 23 40 00 HVAC Air Cleaning Devices 06-30 23 73 00 Indoor Central-Station Air-Handling Units 06-30 23 81 00 Decentralized Unitary HVAC Equipment 06-30

00 01 10-4

23 82 00 Convection Heating and Cooling Units 06-30 23 82 16 Air Coils 06-30

VOLUME 3

DIVISION 26 – ELECTRICAL

26 05 11 Requirements for Electrical Installations 06-30 26 05 13 Medium-Voltage Cables 06-30 26 05 19 Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors and Cables 06-30 26 05 26 Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems 06-30 26 05 33 Raceway and Boxes for Electrical Systems 06-30 26 05 41 Underground Electrical Construction 06-30 26 05 73 Overcurrent Protective Device Coordination Study 06-30 26 08 00 Commissioning of Electrical Systems 06-30 26 09 23 Lighting Controls 06-30 26 12 19 Pad-Mounted, Liquid-Filled, Medium-Voltage Transformers 06-30 26 24 16 Panelboards 06-30 26 26 00 Power Distribution Units for Static Uninterruptible

Power Systems 06-30

26 27 26 Wiring Devices 06-30 26 29 11 Motor Controllers 06-30 26 29 21 Enclosed Switches and Circuit Breakers 06-30 26 41 00 Facility Lightning Protection 06-30 26 43 13 Surge Protective Device 06-30 26 51 00 Interior Lighting 06-30 26 56 00 Exterior Lighting 06-30

DIVISION 27 – COMMUNICATIONS

27 05 11 Requirements for Communications Installations 06-30 27 05 26 Grounding and Bonding for Communications Systems 06-30 27 05 33 Raceways and Boxes for Communications Systems 06-30 27 08 00 Commissioning of Communications Systems 06-30 27 10 00 Control, Communication and Signal Wiring 06-30 27 11 00 Communications Equipment Room Fittings 06-30 27 15 00 Communications Structured Cabling 06-30 27 51 16 Public Address and Mass Notification Systems 06-30 27 52 23 Nurse Call and Code Blue Systems 06-30

DIVISION 28 – ELECTRONIC SAFETY AND SECURITY

28 05 00 Common Work Results for Electronic Safety and Security 06-30 28 05 13 Conductors and Cables for Electronic Safety and

Security 06-30

28 05 28.33 Conduits and Backboxes for Electronic Safety and Security

06-30

28 08 00 Commissioning of Electronic Safety and Security Systems 06-30 28 13 00 Physical Access Control System 06-30 28 31 00 Fire Detection and Alarm 06-30

00 01 10-5

VOLUME 4

DIVISION 31 – EARTHWORK

31 20 11 Earthwork (Short Form) 06-30

DIVISION 32 – EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 05 23 Cement and Concrete for Exterior Improvements 06-30 32 17 23 Pavement Markings 06-30 32 31 40 High Security Gate 06-30 32 90 00 Planting 06-30

DIVISION 33 – UTILITIES

33 10 00 Water Utilities 06-30 33 30 00 Sanitary Sewer Utilities 06-30 33 40 00 Storm Sewer Utilities 06-30 33 63 00 Steam Energy Distribution 06-30

31 20 11 - 1

SECTION 31 20 11

EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION:

This section specifies the requirements for furnishing all equipment, materials, labor and techniques for earthwork including excavation, fill, backfill and site restoration utilizing fertilizer, seed and/or sod.

1.2 DEFINITIONS:

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil, frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic materials, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable.

2. Existing Subgrade (except footings): Same materials as above paragraph, that are not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items, with the possible exception of improvement by compaction, proofrolling, or similar methods of improvement.

3. Existing Subgrade (footings only): Same as Paragraph 1, but no fill or backfill. If materials differ from reference borings and design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Resident

Engineer's approval.

B. Earthwork: Earthwork operations required within the new construction area. It also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings and sewer and other trenchwork throughout the job site.

C. Degree of Compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in ASTM

D698.

D. The term fill means fill or backfill as appropriate.

1.3 RELATED WORK:

A. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES.

B. Safety Requirements: Section 00 72 00, GENERAL CONDITIONS, Article, ACCIDENT PREVENTION.

VAMC SIOUX FALLS VA PROJECT NO. 438-420 MAY 2021

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C. Protection of existing utilities, fire protection services, existing equipment, roads, and pavements: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS.

D. Subsurface Investigation: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, Article, PHYSICAL DATA.

1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION:

A. Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on the surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material and obstructions encountered.

B. Rock Excavation:

1. Solid ledge rock (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock).

2. Bedded or conglomerate deposits so cemented as to present characteristics of solid rock which cannot be excavated without blasting; or the use of a modern power excavator (shovel, backhoe, or similar power excavators) of no less than 0.75 cubic meter (1 cubic yard) capacity, properly used, having adequate power and in good running condition.

3. Boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 0.4 cubic meter (1/2 cubic yard) or more.

1.7 SUBMITTALS:

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT

DATA, AND SAMPLES.

C. Qualifications of the commercial testing laboratory or Contractor’s testing facility shall be submitted.

1.8 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. Publications are referenced in the text by the basic designation only.

B. American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA):

2004....................American Standard for Nursery Stock

C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

T99-10..................Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop

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T180-10.................Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density

Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg [10 lb]

Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop

D. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

C33-03..................Concrete Aggregate

D698-e1.................Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil

Using Standard Effort

D1140-00................Amount of Material in Soils Finer than the No.

200 (75-micrometer) Sieve

D1556-00................Standard Test Method for Density and Unit

Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

D1557-09................Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil

Using Modified Effort

D2167-94 (2001).........Standard Test Method for Density and Unit

Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon

Method

D2487-06................Standard Classification of Soil for Engineering

Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)

D6938-10................Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and

Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods

(Shallow Depth)

E. Standard Specifications of South Dakota State Department of

Transportation, latest revision.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS:

A. Fills: Materials approved from on site and off site sources having a minimum dry density of 1760 kg/m3 (110 pcf), a maximum Plasticity Index of 20, and a maximum Liquid Limit of 45. Material for use as site fill shall be clean, inorganic, low-plasticity lean clay or silt, or a combination of these two materials.

B. Granular Fill:

1. Under concrete slab, granular fill shall consist of clean, poorly graded crushed rock, crushed gravel, or uncrushed gravel placed beneath a building slab with or without a vapor barrier to cut off the capillary flow of pore water to the area immediately below.

Fine aggregate grading shall conform to ASTM C33 with a maximum of 3 percent by weight passing ASTM D1140, 75 micrometers (No. 200) sieve

31 20 11 - 4 and no more than 2 percent by weight passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) size sieve.

2. Bedding for sanitary and storm sewer pipe, crushed stone or gravel graded from 13 mm (1/2 inch) to 4.75 mm (No. 4).

C. Fertilizer: (5-10-5) delivered to site in unopened containers that clearly display the manufacturer's label, indicating the analysis of the contents.

D. Sod: As described within specification Section 32 90 00 PLANTING.

E. Requirements For Offsite Soils: Offsite soils brought in for use as backfill shall be tested for TPH, BTEX and full TCLP including ignitability, corrosivity and reactivity. Backfill shall contain less than 100 parts per million (ppm) of total hydrocarbons (TPH) and less than 10 ppm of the sum of Benzene, Toleune, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene

(BTEX) and shall not fail the TCLP test. TPH concentrations shall be determined by using EPA 600/4-79/020 Method 418.1. BTEX concentrations shall be determined by using EPA SW-846.3-3a Method5030/8020. TCLP shall be performed in accordance with EPA SW-846.3-3a Method 1311.

Provide Borrow Site Testing for TPH, BTEX and TCLP from a composite sample of material from the borrow site, with at least one test from each borrow site. G. Buried Warning and Identification Tape:

Polyethylene plastic and/or metallic core or metallic-faced, acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic warning tape manufactured specifically for warning and identification of buried utility lines.

Provide tape on rolls, 3 inch minimum width, color coded as specific below for the intended utility with warning and identification imprinted in bold black letters continuously over the entire tape length. Warning and identification to read, “CAUTION, BURIED (intended service) LINE BELOW” or similar wording. Color and printing shall be permanent, Unaffected by moisture or soil. Warning tape color codes:

Red: Electric

Yellow: Gas, Oil, Dangerous Materials

Orange: Telephone and Other Communications

Blue: Water Systems

Green: Sewer Systems

White: Steam Systems

Gray: Compressed Air

F. Warning Tape for Metallic Piping: Acid and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing

31 20 11 - 5 requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of tape shall be 0.076 mm (0.003 inch). Tape shall have a minimum strength of 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) lengthwise, and 8.6 MPa (1250 psi) crosswise, with a maximum 350 percent elongation.

G. Detectable Warning Tape for Non-Metallic Piping: Polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of the tape shall be 0.102 mm

(0.004 inch). Tape shall have a minimum strength of 10.3 MPa (1500 psi) lengthwise and 8.6 MPa (1250 psi) crosswise. Tape shall be manufactured with integral wires, foil backing, or other means of enabling detection by a metal detector when tape is buried up to 0.9 m

(3 feet) deep. Encase metallic element of the tape in a protective jacket or provide with other means of corrosion protection.

H. Detection Wire for Non-Metallic Piping: Detection wire shall be

Insulated single strand, solid copper with a minimum of 12 AWG.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION:

A. Clearing: Clearing within the limits of earthwork operations as described or designated by the Resident Engineer. Work includes removal of trees, shrubs, fences, foundations, incidental structures, paving, debris, trash and any other obstructions. Remove materials from the

Medical Center.

B. Grubbing: Remove stumps and roots 75 mm (3 inches) and larger diameter.

Undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 75 mm (3 inches) diameter, and nonperishable solid objects which will be a minimum of 900 mm (3 feet) below subgrade or finished embankment may be left.

C. Trees and Shrubs: Trees and shrubs, not shown for removal, may be removed from the areas within 4500 mm (15 feet) of new construction and

2250 mm (7’-6”) of utility lines if such removal is approved in advance by the Resident Engineer. Remove materials from the Medical Center.

Box, and otherwise protect from damage, existing trees and shrubs which are not shown to be removed in the construction area. Repair immediately damage to existing trees and shrubs by trimming, cleaning and painting damaged areas, including the roots, in accordance with standard industry horticultural practice for the geographic area and plant species. Building materials shall not be stored closer to trees and shrubs that are to remain, than the farthest extension of their limbs.

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D. Stripping Topsoil: Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, the limits of earthwork operations shall extend anywhere the existing grade is filled or cut or where construction operations have compacted or otherwise disturbed the existing grade or turf. Strip topsoil as defined herein, or as indicated in the geotechnical report, from within the limits of earthwork operations as specified above unless specifically indicated or specified elsewhere in the specifications or shown on the drawings. Topsoil shall be fertile, friable, natural topsoil of loamy character and characteristic of the locality. Topsoil shall be capable of growing healthy horticultural crops of grasses.

Stockpile topsoil and protect as directed by the Resident Engineer.

Eliminate foreign material, such as weeds, roots, stones, subsoil, frozen clods, and similar foreign materials, larger than 0.014 cubic meter (1/2 cubic foot) in volume, from soil as it is stockpiled. Retain topsoil on the station. Remove foreign materials larger than 50 mm (2 inches) in any dimension from topsoil used in final grading. Topsoil work, such as stripping, stockpiling, and similar topsoil work, shall not, under any circumstances, be carried out when the soil is wet so that the tilth of the soil will be destroyed.

1. Concrete Slabs and Paving: Score deeply or saw cut to insure a neat, straight cut, sections of existing concrete slabs and paving to be removed where excavation or trenching occurs. Extend pavement section to be removed a minimum of 300 mm (12 inches) on each side of widest part of trench excavation and insure final score lines are approximately parallel unless otherwise indicated. Remove material from the Medical Center.

E. Disposal: All materials removed from the property shall be disposed of at a legally approved site, for the specific materials, and all removals shall be in accordance with all applicable Federal, State and local regulations. No burning of materials is permitted onsite.

3.2 EXCAVATION:

A. Shoring, Sheeting and Bracing: Shore, brace, or slope to its angle of repose banks of excavations to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and utilities, in compliance with OSHA requirements.

1. Extend shoring and bracing to the bottom of the excavation. Shore excavations that are carried below the elevations of adjacent existing foundations.

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2. If the bearing of any foundation is disturbed by excavating, improper shoring or removal of shoring, placing of backfill, and similar operations, provide a concrete fill support under disturbed foundations, as directed by Resident Engineer, at no additional cost to the Government. Do not remove shoring until permanent work in excavation has been inspected and approved by Resident Engineer.

B. Excavation Drainage: Operate pumping equipment , and/or provide other materials, means and equipment as required, to keep excavations free of water and subgrades dry, firm, and undisturbed until approval of permanent work has been received from Resident Engineer. When subgrade for foundations has been disturbed by water, remove the disturbed material to firm undisturbed material after the water is brought under control. Replace disturbed subgrade in trenches by mechanically tamped sand or gravel. Groundwater flowing toward or into excavations shall be controlled to prevent sloughing of excavation slopes and walls, boils, uplift and heave in the excavation and to eliminate interference with orderly progress of construction. French drains, sumps, ditches or trenches will not be permitted within 0.9 m (3 feet) of the foundation of any structure, except with specific written approval, and after specific contractual provisions for restoration of the foundation area have been made. Control measures shall be taken by the time the excavation reaches the water level in order to maintain the integrity of the in situ material. While the excavation is open, the water level shall be maintained continuously, at least 0.5 m (1.64 feet) below the working level. Operate dewatering system continuously until construction work below existing water levels is complete. Submit performance records weekly. Measure and record performance of dewatering system at same time each day by use of observation wells or piezometers installed in conjunction with the dewatering system.

Relieve hydrostatic head in pervious zones below subgrade elevation in layered soils to prevent uplift.

C. Blasting: Blasting shall not be permitted.

D. Building Earthwork:

1. Excavation shall be accomplished as required by drawings and specifications.

2. Excavate foundation excavations to solid undisturbed subgrade.

3. Remove loose or soft material to solid bottom.

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4. Fill excess cut under footings or foundations with 25 MPa (3000 psi) concrete, poured separately from the footings.

5. Do not tamp earth for backfilling in footing bottoms, except as specified.

E. Trench Earthwork:

1. Utility trenches (except sanitary and storm sewer):

a. Excavate to a width as necessary for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of the work.

b. Grade bottom of trenches with bell-holes, scooped-out to provide a uniform bearing.

c. Support piping on suitable undisturbed earth unless a mechanical support is shown. Unstable material removed from the bottom of the trench or excavation shall be replaced with select granular material placed in layers not exceeding 150 mm (6 inches) loose thickness.

d. The length of open trench in advance of pipe laying shall not be greater than is authorized by the Resident Engineer.

e. Provide buried utility lines with utility identification tape.

Bury tape 300 mm (12 inches) below finished grade; under pavements and slabs, bury tape 150 mm (6 inches) below top of subgrade

f. Bury detection wire directly above non-metallic piping at a distance not to exceed 300 mm (12 inches) above the top of pipe.

The wire shall extend continuously and unbroken, from manhole to manhole. The ends of the wire shall terminate inside the manholes at each end of the pipe, with a minimum of 0.9 m (3 feet) of wire, coiled, remaining accessible in each manhole. The wire shall remain insulated over its entire length. The wire shall enter manholes between the top of the corbel and the frame, and extend up through the chimney seal between the frame and the chimney seal. For force mains, the wire shall terminate in the valve pit at the pump station end of the pipe.

g. Bedding shall be of the type and thickness shown. Initial backfill material shall be placed and compacted with approved tampers to a height of at least one foot above the utility pipe or conduit. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for the full length of the pipe. Care shall be taken to ensure thorough compaction of the fill under the

31 20 11 - 9 haunches of the pipe. Except as specified otherwise in the individual piping section, provide bedding for buried piping in accordance with AWWA C600, Type 4, except as specified herein.

Backfill to top of pipe shall be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM

D 698 maximum density. Plastic piping shall have bedding to spring line of pipe.

2. Sanitary and storm sewer trenches:

a. Trench width below a point 150 mm (6 inches) above top of the pipe shall be 600 mm (24 inches) for up to and including 300 mm

(12 inches) diameter and four-thirds diameter of pipe plus 200 mm

(8 inches) for pipe larger than 300 mm (l2 inches). Width of trench above that level shall be as necessary for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of the work.

b. The bottom quadrant of the pipe shall be bedded on suitable undisturbed soil or granular fill. Unstable material removed from the bottom of the trench or excavation shall be replaced with select granular material placed in layers not exceeding 150 mm (6 inches) loose thickness.

1) Undisturbed: Bell holes shall be no larger than necessary for jointing. Backfill up to a point 300 mm (12 inches) above top of pipe shall be clean earth placed and tamped by hand.

2) Granular Fill: Depth of fill shall be a minimum of 75 mm (3 inches) plus one-sixth of pipe diameter below the pipe of 300 mm (12 inches) above top of pipe. Place and tamp fill material by hand.

c. Place and compact as specified the remainder of backfill using acceptable excavated materials. Do not use unsuitable materials.

d. Use granular fill for bedding where rock or rocky materials are excavated.

e. Provide buried utility lines with utility identification tape.

Bury tape 300 mm (12 inches) below finished grade; under pavements and slabs, bury tape 150 mm (6 inches) below top of subgrade

f. Bury detection wire directly above non-metallic piping at a distance not to exceed 300 mm (12 inches) above the top of pipe.

The wire shall extend continuously and unbroken, from manhole to manhole. The ends of the wire shall terminate inside the manholes at each end of the pipe, with a minimum of 0.9 m (3 feet) of wire, coiled, remaining accessible in each manhole. The

31 20 11 - 10 wire shall remain insulated over its entire length. The wire shall enter manholes between the top of the corbel and the frame, and extend up through the chimney seal between the frame and the chimney seal. For force mains, the wire shall terminate in the valve pit at the pump station end of the pipe.

g. Bedding shall be of the type and thickness shown. Initial backfill material shall be placed and compacted with approved tampers to a height of at least one foot above the utility pipe or conduit. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for the full length of the pipe. Care shall be taken to ensure thorough compaction of the fill under the haunches of the pipe. Except as specified otherwise in the individual piping section, provide bedding for buried piping in accordance with AWWA C600, Type 4, except as specified herein.

Backfill to top of pipe shall be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM

D698 maximum density. Plastic piping shall have bedding to spring line of pipe.

F. Site Earthwork: Excavation shall be accomplished as required by drawings and specifications. A surcharge will be required as shown on the drawings. Remove subgrade materials that are determined by the

Resident Engineer as unsuitable, and replace with acceptable material.

If there is a question as to whether material is unsuitable or not, the

Contractor shall obtain samples of the material, under the direction of the Resident Engineer, and the materials shall be examined by an independent testing laboratory for soil classification to determine whether it is unsuitable or not. When unsuitable material is encountered and removed, the contract price and time will be adjusted in accordance with Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and

CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable. Adjustments to be based on meters (yardage) in cut section only. All existing utilities under the new building shall be re-routed and in full operation prior to the removal/disconnection of the existing utilities.

All existing utilities under the new building shall be relocated/removed prior to placement of the surcharge.

G. Finished elevation of subgrade shall be as follows:

1. Pavement Areas - bottom of the pavement or base course as applicable.

2. Planting and Lawn Areas - 100 mm (4 inches) below the finished grade, unless otherwise specified or indicated on the drawings.

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3.3 FILLING AND BACKFILLING:

A. General: Do not fill or backfill until all debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials have been removed from the excavation. Proof-roll exposed subgrades with a fully loaded dump truck. Use excavated materials or borrow for fill and backfill, as applicable. Do not use unsuitable excavated materials. Do not backfill until foundation walls have been completed above grade and adequately braced, waterproofing or dampproofing applied, and pipes coming in contact with backfill have been installed, and inspected and approved by Resident Engineer.

C. Placing: Place material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm (8 inches) in loose depth and then compacted. Do not place material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost.

D. Compaction: Use approved equipment (hand or mechanical) well suited to the type of material being compacted. Do not operate mechanized vibratory compaction equipment within 3000 mm (10 feet) of new or existing building walls without the prior approval of the Resident

Engineer. Moisten or aerate material as necessary to provide the moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining the specified compaction with the equipment used. Compact each layer to not less than

95 percent of the maximum density determined in accordance with the following test method ASTM D698 . Backfill adjacent to any and all types of structures shall be placed and compacted to at least 90 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesive materials or 95 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesionless materials to prevent wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structure.

E. Borrow Material: Borrow material shall be selected to meet the requirements and conditions of the particular fill or embankment for which it is to be used. Borrow material shall be obtained from the borrow areas selected by the Contractor. Unless otherwise provided in the contract, the Contractor shall obtain from the owners the right to procure material, pay royalties and other charges involved, and bear the expense of developing the sources, including rights-of-way for hauling.

3.4 GRADING:

A. General: Uniformly grade the areas within the limits of this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth the finished surface within specified tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points

31 20 11 - 12 where elevations are indicated, or between such points and existing finished grades. Provide a smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

B. Cut rough or sloping rock to level beds for foundations. In unfinished areas fill low spots and level off with coarse sand or fine gravel.

C. Slope backfill outside the building away from the building walls for a minimum distance of 3048 mm (10 feet) at a minimum five percent (5%) slope.

D. The finished grade shall be 150 mm (6 inches) below bottom line of windows or other building wall openings unless greater depth is shown.

E. Place crushed stone or gravel fill under concrete slabs on grade tamped and leveled. The thickness of the fill shall be 150 mm (6 inches), unless otherwise indicated.

F. Finish subgrade in a condition acceptable to the Resident Engineer at least one day in advance of the paving operations. Maintain finished subgrade in a smooth and compacted condition until the succeeding operation has been accomplished. Scarify, compact, and grade the subgrade prior to further construction when approved compacted subgrade is disturbed by contractor's subsequent operations or adverse weather.

G. Grading for Paved Areas: Provide final grades for both subgrade and base course to +/- 6 mm (0.25 inches) of indicated grades.

3.5 LAWN AREAS:

A. General: Harrow and till to a depth of 100 mm (4 inches), new or existing lawn areas to remain, which are disturbed during construction.

Establish existing or design grades by dragging or similar operations.

Do not carry out lawn areas earthwork out when the soil is wet so that the tilth of the soil will be destroyed. Plant bed must be approved by

Resident Engineer before sodding operation begins.

B. Finished Grading: Begin finish grading after rough grading has had sufficient time for settlement. Scarify subgrade surface in lawn areas to a depth of 100 mm (4 inches). Apply topsoil so that after normal compaction, dragging and raking operations (to bring surface to indicated finish grades) there will be a minimum of 100 mm (4 inches) of topsoil over all lawn areas; make smooth, even surface and true grades, which will not allow water to stand at any point. Shape top and bottom of banks to form reverse curves in section; make junctions with undisturbed areas to conform to existing topography. Solid lines within grading limits indicate finished contours. Existing contours, indicated

31 20 11 - 13 by broken lines are believed approximately correct but are not guaranteed.

C. Fertilizing: Incorporate fertilizer into the soil to a depth of 100 mm

(4 inches) at a rate of 12 kg/100 m2 (25 pounds per 1000 square feet).

D. Sodding: Topsoil shall be firmed by rolling and during periods of high temperature the topsoil shall be watered lightly immediately prior to laying sod. Sod strips shall be tightly butted at the ends and staggered in a running bond fashion. Placement on slopes shall be from the bottom to top of slope with sod strips running across slope. Secure sodded slopes by pegging or other approved methods. Roll sodded area with a roller not to exceed 225 kg/m (150 pounds per foot) of the roller width to improve contact of sod with the soil.

E. Watering: The Resident Engineer is responsible for having adequate water available at the site. As sodding is completed in any one section, the entire sodded area shall be thoroughly irrigated by the contractor, to a sufficient depth, that the underside of the new sod pad and soil, immediately below sod, is thoroughly wet. Resident

Engineer will be responsible for sod after installation and acceptance.

3.6 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL:

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Medical Center property.

B. Disposal: Transport surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on Medical Center property. Stockpile or spread soil as directed by Resident Engineer.

1. Remove waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Medical Center property.

C. Place excess excavated materials suitable for fill and/or backfill on site where directed.

D. Remove from site and dispose of any excess excavated materials after all fill and backfill operations have been completed.

E. Segregate all excavated contaminated soil designated by the Resident

Engineer from all other excavated soils, and stockpile on site on two

0.15 mm (6 mil) polyethylene sheets with a polyethylene cover. A designated area shall be selected for this purpose. Dispose of excavated contaminated material in accordance with State and Local requirements.

31 20 11 - 14

3.7 CLEAN-UP:

Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Provide site clear, clean, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations. Remove debris, rubbish, and excess material from the Medical Center Property.

- - - E N D - - -

32 05 23 - 1

SECTION 32 05 23

CEMENT AND CONCRETE FOR EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Subbase for concrete pavements.

2. Curbs, gutters, and combination curbs and gutters.

3. Pedestrian Pavement: Walks, grade slabs, wheelchair curb ramps, steps and patios.

4. Vehicular Pavement: Driveways and parking areas.

5. Equipment Pads: Transformers and other utility pads.

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

A. Field Testing: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES.

B. Subgrade Preparation and Subbase Compaction: Section 31 20 00, EARTHWORK.

1.3 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Comply with references to extent specified in this section.

B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

1. M147-65-UL-04 - Materials for Aggregate and Soil-Aggregate Subbase, Base and Surface Courses.

2. M233-86 - Boiled Linseed Oil Mixture for Treatment of Portland

Cement Concrete.

C. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

1. 305R-10 - Guide to Hot Weather Concreting.

2. 306R-10 - Guide to Cold Weather Concreting.

D. American National Standards Institute (ANSI):

1. B101.3 - Wet DOCF of Common Hard Surface Floor Materials (Including

Action and Limit Thresholds for the Suitable Assessment of the

Measured Values).

E. ASTM International (ASTM):

1. A615/A615M-16 - Deformed and Plain Carbon Steel Bars for Concrete

Reinforcement.

2. A996/A996M-15 - Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete

Reinforcement.

3. A1064/A1064M-16 - Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete.

32 05 23 - 2

4. C33/C33M-16 - Concrete Aggregates.

5. C94/C94M-16 - Ready Mixed Concrete.

6. C143/C143M-15a - Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete.

7. C150/C150M-16 - Portland Cement.

8. C171-16 - Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete.

9. C260/C260M-10a - Air Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.

10. C309-11 - Liquid Membrane Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete.

11. C494/C494M-15a - Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.

12. C618-15 - Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.

13. C979/C979M-16 - Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.

14. C989/C989M-14 - Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars.

15. C1240-15 - Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures.

16. D1751-04 (2013)e1 - Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete

Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient

Bituminous Types).

17. D5893/D5893M-10 - Cold Applied, Single Component, Chemically Curing

Silicone Joint Sealant for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements.

18. D6690-15 - Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied, for Concrete and

Asphalt Pavements.

1.4 PREINSTALLATION MEETINGS

A. Conduct preinstallation meeting at project site minimum 30 days before beginning Work of this section.

1. Required Participants:

a. Contracting Officer's Representative.

b. Architect/Engineer, if requested by COR.

c. Inspection and Testing Agency.

d. Contractor.

e. Installer.

f. Other installers responsible for adjacent and intersecting work, including excavation, plantings and traffic markings.

2. Meeting Agenda: Distribute agenda to participants minimum 3 days before meeting.

a. Installation schedule.

b. Installation sequence.

c. Preparatory work.

d. Protection before, during, and after installation.

e. Installation.

32 05 23 - 3

f. Terminations.

g. Transitions and connections to other work.

h. Inspecting and testing.

i. Other items affecting successful completion.

3. Document and distribute meeting minutes to participants to record decisions affecting installation.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittal Procedures: Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Submittal Drawings:

1. Show size, configuration, and fabrication and installation details.

2. Show reinforcing.

3. Include jointing plan for concrete pavements, curbs and gutters.

C. Manufacturer's Literature and Data:

1. Description of each product, including color selections (if applicable).

2. Installation instructions.

3. Maintenance instructions.

D. Samples:

1. SCHEDULE FOR FINISHES, with mix data.

E. Test reports: Certify products comply with specifications.

1. Concrete materials.

2. Select subbase materials.

3. Field test reports.

F. Certificates: Certify products comply with specifications.

1. Expansion joint filler.

2. Reinforcement.

3. Curing materials.

4. Concrete protective coating.

G. Qualifications: Substantiate qualifications comply with specifications.

1. Installer.

H. Concrete mix design.

I. Select subbase job-mix design.

J. Proposed hot and cold weather concreting methods.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications:

1. Regularly installs specified products.

2. Installed specified products with satisfactory service on five similar installations.

32 05 23 - 4

a. Project Experience List: Provide contact names and addresses for completed projects.

B. Preconstruction Testing:

1. Engage independent testing laboratory to perform tests and submit reports.

a. Deliver samples to laboratory in number and quantity required for testing.

2. Concrete mix design.

3. Select subbase job-mix design. Report the following:

a. Material sources.

b. Gradation.

c. Plasticity index.

d. Liquid limit.

e. Laboratory compaction curves indicating maximum density at optimum moisture content.

1.7 DELIVERY

A. Deliver steel reinforcement to prevent damage.

B. Before installation, return or dispose of distorted or damaged steel reinforcement.

C. Bulk Products: Deliver bulk products away from buildings, utilities, pavement, and existing turf and planted areas. Maintain dry bulk product storage away from contaminants.

1.8 STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Store products indoors in dry, weathertight facility.

B. Protect products from damage during handling and construction operations.

1.9 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Hot Weather Concreting Procedures: ACI 305R.

B. Cold Weather Concreting Procedures: ACI 306R.

1. Use non-corrosive, non-chloride accelerator admixture.

2. Do not use calcium chloride, thiocyanates or admixtures containing more than 0.05 percent chloride ions.

1.10 WARRANTY

A. Construction Warranty: FAR clause 52.246-21, "Warranty of

Construction."

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 CONCRETE MATERIALS

A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150/C150M, Type I or II.

32 05 23 - 5

B. Coarse Aggregate: ASTM C33/C33M; size to suit application.

C. Fine Aggregate: ASTM C33/C33M.

D. Mixing Water: Fresh, clean, and potable.

E. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C260/C260M.

F. Chemical Admixtures: ASTM C494/C494M.

G. Expansion Joint Filler: ASTM D1751.

H. Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete: ASTM C171.

2.2 SELECT SUBBASE

A. Subbase: AASHTO M147; Grade A.

1. Select granular material composed of sand, sand-gravel, crushed stone, crushed or granulated slag, with or without soil binder, or combinations of these materials.

SUBBASE GRADING REQUIREMENTS

Sieve Size Percentage Passing by Mass

Grades

(mm) (in) A B C D E F

50 2 100 100

25 1 75-95 100 100 100 100

9.5 3/8 30-65 40-75 50-85 60-100

4.47 No. 4 25-55 30-60 35-65 50-85 55-100 70-100

2.00 No. 10 15-40 20-45 25-50 40-70 40-100 55-100

0.425 No. 40 8-20 15-30 15-30 25-45 20-50 30-70

0.075 No. 200 2-8 5-20 5-15 5-20 6-20 8-25

B. Other Acceptable Gradations: Materials within three to five percent, plus or minus, of specified gradation, or as recommended by the geotechnical engineer and approved by the Contracting Officer's

Representative.

2.3 FORMS

A. Forms: Wood, plywood, metal, or other materials, approved by

Contracting Officer's Representative, of grade or type suitable to obtain type of finish specified.

1. Plywood: Exterior grade, free of defects and patches on contact surface.

2. Lumber: Sound, grade-marked, S4S stress graded softwood, minimum

50 mm (2 inches) thick, free from warp, twist, loose knots, splits, or other defects.

3. Form Coating: As recommended by Architect/Engineer.

B. Provide forms suitable in cross-section, depth, and strength to resist springing during depositing and consolidating concrete.

32 05 23 - 6

1. Do not use forms varying from straight line more than 3 mm in

3000 mm (1/8 inch in 10 feet), horizontally and vertically.

C. Provide flexible or curved forms for forming radii.

2.4 CONCRETE CURING MATERIALS

A. Concrete curing materials, conform to one of the following:

1. Burlap: Minimum 233 g/sq. m (7 ounces/sq. yd.) dry.

2. Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete: ASTM C171.

3. Curing Compound: ASTM C309, Type 1 clear; liquid membrane forming type, without paraffin or petroleum.

2.5 CONCRETE MIXES

A. Design concrete mixes according to ASTM C94/C94M, Option C.

B. Concrete Type: Air-entrained. See Table I.

C. Maximum Slump: ASTM C143/C143M. See Table II.

TABLE II - MAXIMUM SLUMP

APPLICATION MAXIMUM SLUMP

Curb & Gutter 75 mm (3 inches)

Pedestrian Pavement 75 mm (3 inches)

Vehicular Pavement 50 mm (2 inches) Machine Finished

100 mm (4 inches) Hand Finished

Equipment Pad 75 to 100 mm (3 to 4 inches)

TABLE I - CONCRETE TYPES

Concrete Type

Minimum 28 Day Compressive Strength f'c MPa (psi)

Non-Air-Entrained Air-Entrained

Min. Cement kg/cu. m (lbs./cu. yd.)

Max.

Water Cement Ratio

Min. Cement kg/cu. m (lbs./cu. yd.)

Max.

Water Cement Ratio

A 35 (5000)1,3 375 (630) 0.45 385 (650) 0.40

B 30 (4000)1,3 325 (550) 0.55 340 (570) 0.50

C 25 (3000)1,3 280 (470) 0.65 290 (490) 0.55

D 25 (3000)1,2 300 (500) * 310 (520) *

Footnotes:

1. If trial mixes are used, achieve compressive strength 8.3 MPa (1,200 psi) in excess of f'c. For concrete strengths greater than 35 MPa (5,000 psi), achieve compressive strength 9.7 MPa (1,400 psi) in excess of f’c.

2. For Concrete Exposed to High Sulfate Content Soils: Maximum water cement ratio is 0.44.

3. Laboratory Determined according to ACI 211.1 for normal weight concrete.

32 05 23 - 7

2.6 ACCESSORIES

A. Equipment and Tools: Obtain Contracting Officer's Representative's, approval of equipment and tools needed for handling materials and performing work before work begins.

B. Maintain equipment and tools in satisfactory working condition.

C. Sealants:

1. Concrete Paving Expansion Joints: ASTM D5893/D5893M, Type SL, single component, self-leveling, silicone joint sealant.

2. Concrete Paving Joints: ASTM D6690, Type IV, hot-applied, single component joint sealant.

D. Concrete Protective Coating: AASHTO M233 linseed oil mixture.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Examine and verify substrate suitability for product installation.

B. Protect existing construction and completed work from damage.

C. Prepare, construct, and finish subgrade. See Section 31 20 00, EARTHWORK.

D. Maintain subgrade in smooth, compacted condition, in conformance with the required section and established grade until the succeeding operation has been accomplished.

3.2 SELECT SUBBASE

A. Placing:

1. Place subbase material on prepared subgrade in uniform layer to required contour and grades, and to maximum 200 mm (8 inches) loose depth.

2. When required compacted thickness exceeds 150 mm (6 inches), place subbase material in equal thickness layers.

3. When subbase elevation is 13 mm (1/2 inch) or more below required grade, excavate subbase minimum 75 mm (3 inches) deep. Place and compact subbase to required grade.

B. Compaction:

1. Perform compaction with approved hand or mechanical equipment well suited to the material being compacted.

2. Maintain subbase at optimum moisture content for compaction.

3. Compact each subbase layer to minimum 95 percent or 100 percent of maximum density as specified in Section 31 20 00, EARTHWORK.

C. Subbase Tolerances:

1. Variation from Indicated Grade: Maximum 9 mm (3/8 inch).

32 05 23 - 8

2. Variation from Indicated Thickness: Maximum 13 mm (1/2 inch).

D. Protection:

1. Protect subbase from damage until concrete is placed.

2. Reconstruct damaged subbase before placing concrete.

3.3 SETTING FORMS

A. Form Substrate:

1. Compact form substrate to uniformly support forms along entire length.

2. Correct substrate imperfections and variations by cutting, filling, and compacting.

B. Form Setting:

1. Set forms to indicated line and grade with tight joints. Rigidly brace forms preventing movement.

2. Remove forms when removal will not damage concrete and when required for finishing.

3. Clean and oil forms before each use.

4. Correct forms, when required, immediately before placing concrete.

C. Land Surveyor: Establish control, alignment, and grade for forms.

1. Notify Contracting Officer's Representative immediately when discrepancies exist between field conditions and drawings.

2. Correct discrepancies greater than 25 mm (1 inch) before placing concrete.

D. Form Tolerances:

1. Variation from Indicated Line: Maximum 6 mm (1/4 inch).

2. Variation from Indicated Grade: Maximum 3 mm in 3000 mm (1/8 inch in

10 feet).

3.4 PLACING REINFORCEMENT

A. Keep reinforcement clean from contamination preventing concrete bond.

B. Install reinforcement shown on drawings.

C. Support and securely tie reinforcing steel to prevent displacement during concrete placement.

D. Obtain Contracting Officer's Representative's reinforcement placement approval before placing concrete.

3.5 JOINTS - GENERAL

A. Submit jointing pattern as a shop drawing a minimum of 7 days prior to planned placement of pavement needing approval.

1. Install joints perpendicular to finished concrete surface.

B. Make joints straight and continuous from edge to edge of pavement.

32 05 23 - 9

3.6 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

A. Locate longitudinal and transverse construction joints between slabs of vehicular pavement.

B. Place transverse construction joints whenever concrete placement is suspended for more than 30 minutes.

C. Provide butt-type joint with dowels in curb and gutter at planned joint locations.

D. Provide keyed joints with tie bars when joint occurs in middle third of planned curb and gutter joint interval.

3.7 CONTRACTION JOINTS

A. Tool or cut joints to width, depth, and radius edge using grooving tool, jointer, or saw.

B. Construct joints in curbs and gutters by inserting 3 mm (1/8 inch) steel plates conforming to curb and gutter cross sections.

1. Keep plates in place until concrete can hold its shape.

C. Finish joint edges with edging tool.

D. Score pedestrian pavement with grooving tool or jointer.

3.8…