Attachment 4 - FGS-I_Jun2015.pdf

ENVIRONMENTAL

FINAL GOVERNING STANDARDS

ITALY

SEPTEMBER 7, 2012

Revision 2 (June 2015)

CNREURAFSWA Environmental PSC 817 Box 108

FPO AE 09622-0108

+39 081 568-2886

ITALY Revalidations and Updates

September 2012 Italy FGS i

Revalidations and Updates

IAW DODI 4715.5, paragraph 6.3.6.

Action Date Posted By

Full Revision September 2012 CNREURAFSWA

Corrected References September 2013 CNREURAFSWA

Full Revision – Chapters 3 and 6 June 2015 CNREURAFSWA

Administrative Changes – Chapters 1,2,4,5, 7 through 19 June 2015 CNREURAFSWA

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ITALY Table of Contents

September 2012 Italy FGS ii

Chapters Page 1 Overview 1-1 2 Air Emissions 2-1 3 Drinking Water 3-1 4 Wastewater 4-1 5 Hazardous Material 5-1 6 Hazardous Waste 6-1 7 Solid Waste 7-1 8 Medical Waste 8-1 9 Petroleum, Oil, & Lubricants 9-1 10 [Reserved] 10-1 11 Pesticides 11-1 12 Historic & Cultural Resources 12-1 13 Natural Resources & Endangered Species 13-1 14 Polychlorinated Biphenyls 14-1 15 Asbestos 15-1 16 [Reserved] 16-1 17 Lead-Based Paint 17-1 18 Spill Prevention & Response Planning 18-1 19 Underground Storage Tanks 19-1

Appendices Appendix A List of Hazardous Substances & Materials Appendix B.1 Characteristics of Hazardous Waste Appendix B.2 Waste Disposal Activities Appendix B.3 Waste Recovery Activities Appendix B.4 Non-Hazardous Waste Recovery Activities Appendix B.5 Hazardous Waste Recovery Activities Appendix B.6 Persistent Organic Pollutants Appendix C Determination of Worst Case Discharge Planning Volume

Addendums Addendum 1 EU List of Hazardous Materials Addendum 2 European List of Wastes

ITALY - 1 Overview

September 2012 Italy FGS 1-1

C1. CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW

C1.1. PURPOSE

C1.1.1. The primary purpose of these Final Governing Standards (FGS) is to provide environmental compliance criteria at United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) installations in Italy. This document implements DoD Instruction 4715.05, “Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations,” dated 22 April 1996, and is based upon DoD 4715.05-G, “Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document” (OEBGD), dated 1 May 2007.

C1.2. APPLICABILITY

C1.2.1. These FGS provide environmental compliance criteria applicable to actions for DoD Components at installations located in Italy.

C1.2.2. These FGS represent minimum criteria; DoD Components may impose additional criteria provided those policies and directives do not directly conflict with these FGS.

C1.2.3. Activities and installations shall notify the DoD Lead Environmental Component (LEC) of any directly conflicting DoD Component policies or directives they discover prior to imposing criteria more protective than provided in these FGS.

C1.2.4. Other than required authorizations for certain activities, DoD Components shall not enter into agreements with Italian authorities at any level that establishes a criterion for compliance with an environmental criterion different than provided in these FGS without the prior written approval of the DoD LEC.

C1.3. EXEMPTIONS

These FGS do not apply to:

C1.3.1. DoD installations that do not have more than de minimis potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., offices whose operations are primarily administrative, including defense attaché offices, security assistance offices, foreign buying offices, and other similar organizations), or for which the DoD Components exercise control only on a temporary or intermittent basis.

C1.3.2. Leased, joint use, and similar facilities to the extent that the DoD does not control the instrumentality or operation that a criterion seeks to regulate.

September 2012 Italy FGS 1-2 Revision 2

C1.3.3. Operations of U.S. military vessels or the operations of U.S. military aircraft, or off installation operational and training deployments. Off-installation operational deployments include cases of hostilities, contingency operations in hazardous areas, and when U.S. forces are operating as part of a multi-national force not under full control of the United States. Such excepted operations and deployments shall be conducted in accordance with applicable international agreements, other DoD Directives (DoDDs) and DoD Instructions (DoDIs), and environmental annexes incorporated into operation plans or operation orders. However, these FGS apply to support functions for U.S. military vessels and U.S. military aircraft provided by the DoD Components, including management or disposal of off-loaded waste or material.

C1.3.4. Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, which are covered under Executive Order (E.O.) 12344 “Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program,” and conducted pursuant to 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 7158.

C1.3.5. The determination or conduct of remediation to correct environmental problems caused by the Department of Defense's past activities, conducted in accordance with DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.8, “Environmental Remediation Overseas.”

C1.3.6. Environmental analyses conducted under E.O. 12114, “Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions.”

C1.4. DEFINITIONS

For purposes of these FGS, unless otherwise indicated, the following definitions apply:

C1.4.1. Criteria and Management Practices. Particular substantive provisions of the OEBGD that are used by the DoD LEC to develop these FGS.

C1.4.2. Existing Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project in use or under construction before 1 October 1994, unless it is subsequently substantially modified.

C1.4.3. Final Governing Standards. A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or a specific management practice.

C1.4.4. Host Nation. Throughout this document the term “host nation” refers to Italy.

C1.4.5. Local National. A DoD employee hired under Italian employment conditions, including local subcontractors’ employees.

C1.4.6. New Facility. Any facility and/or building, source, or project with a construction start date on or after 1 October 1994, or a pre-existing facility that has been substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C1.4.7. Substantial Modification. Any modification to a facility and/or building the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

September 2012 Italy FGS 1-3 Revision 2

C1.5. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

C1.5.1. The DoD Components shall establish and implement an environmental audit program to ensure that overseas installations assess compliance with these FGS at least once every 3 years at all major installations.

C1.5.2. DoDI 4715.4, “Pollution Prevention,” implements policy, assigns responsibility, and prescribes procedures for implementation of pollution prevention programs throughout the DoD.

As a matter of DoD policy, DoDI 4715.4 should be consulted for particular requirements that apply to activities outside the United States. Pollution prevention should be considered in developing the criteria and management practices for these FGS. Where economically advantageous and consistent with mission requirements, pollution prevention shall be the preferred means for attaining compliance with these FGS.

C1.5.3. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement these FGS would normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a U.S. or host nation regulatory authority for the applicable test method. In the absence of a certified laboratory, analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has an established reliable record of quality assurance compliance with standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

C1.5.4. Unless otherwise specified, all record keeping requirements, including assessments, inspection records, logs, manifests, notices, forms, and formats, are described in DoD 8910.1-M, “DoD Procedures for Management of Information Requirements”

C1.5.5. These FGS do not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, the DoD, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals. Although these FGS refer to DoDDs and DoDIs, it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those directives/instructions as required to implement the policies found in DoDI

4715.5. These FGS do not change other DoD or service directives/instructions, or alter DoD or service policies.

C1.5.6. References to websites that are not controlled by the DoD are intended for informational purposes, solely to facility compliance with the existing FGS in this document.

Any other requirement, standards or criteria listed in the website shall not be incorporated by references as a Final Governing Standard. Reference to the website does not establish any obligation to comply with other requirements, standards, or criteria listed in the website.

Referenced websites that are not under the control of the DoD may be changed at any time without notice to the DoD.

C1.6. WAIVERS

C1.6.1. If compliance with an FGS criteria at a particular installations or facilities would seriously impair operations, adversely affect relations with Italian authorities, or require substantial expenditure of funds at an installation that has been identified for closure or at an installation that has been identified for a realignment that would remove the requirement, a DoD Component may ask the DoD LEC to waive the particular criteria. See DoD Instruction 4715.5, September 2012 Italy FGS 1-4 Revision 2

Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations, and EUCOM Compliance Instruction (ECI) 4804.01, Environmental Security, for complete waiver procedures.

C1.7. AUTHORIZATIONS AND REPORTING

C1.7.1. The Italian Base Commander (IBC) is the formal representative of the installation and serves as the liaison with host nation authorities. Any formal interaction or interaction of common (U.S. and Italian) interest with Italian authorities should be conducted with the cognizance of the IBC.

C1.7.2. The DoD Components shall not directly obtain authorizations (including, but not limited to licenses and permits) from Italian authorities. If an authorization is required, DoD Components will assist the IBC by providing reports, records or otherwise helping him/her with their liaison duties.

C1.7.3. If the IBC obtains an authorization on behalf of the DoD Component and the authorization requires a more protective criteria than prescribed in the FGS, the criteria in the authorization shall be the compliance criteria. However, if an authorization allows less protective criteria, then the FGS will be the compliance criteria unless a waiver is obtained.

C1.7.4. If the installation at issue does not fall under the responsibility of an IBC, the DoD installation may request clarification from the DoD LEC via the chain of command.

C1.7.5. Contractors performing work for DoD must comply with all Italian laws and regulations including obtaining all necessary licenses, permits, and/or authorizations.

Notwithstanding the use of contracts, DoD Components and agencies are required to comply with these FGS unless exempted under Section C1.3., Exemptions.

C1.7.6. Certificates obtained from appropriate Italian authorities (e.g., tank tightness testing) do not fall within the definition of an authorization for which the IBC has responsibility. Request for such services shall be forwarded directly to the appropriate organizations without involving the IBC.

C1.8. ACCESS TO INSTALLATIONS & INFORMATION BY ITALIAN AUTHORITIES

Inspections and non-routine requests for information by Italian authorities shall be coordinated with the IBC and reported to the DoD LEC via the Component chain-of-command. To the maximum extent possible, U.S. military personnel shall lead the review of DoD Component activities by Italian authorities during inspections.

C1.9. LEGAL PROTECTIONS FOR U.S. FORCES EMPLOYEES

C1.9.1. Legal protections afforded DoD personnel investigated or charged by a host nation with alleged offenses arising out of any act or omission done in the performance of official duty vary depending upon the status of the individual under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement

September 2012 Italy FGS 1-5 Revision 2

(SOFA) and other applicable international agreements. In general, there is a greater ability for the U.S. to assert a primary right to exercise criminal jurisdiction over a military service member of the force as opposed to a member of the civilian component. There is no such right with respect to local national employees. Accordingly, military service members should assume responsibility under these FGS in lieu of DoD civilians or local national employees where non-compliance may result in a host nation enforcement action.

C1.9.2. Installations, activities, and personnel should immediately contact their servicing legal office when faced with possible or actual host nation enforcement actions in order to maximize protections afforded to DoD personnel under the NATO SOFA, bilateral agreements, and U.S. and DoD regulations, and to secure legal representation for the subjects of the enforcement action (including local national employees). Installations will report possible or actual Italian enforcement actions to the DoD LEC via their chain-of-command.

C1.9.3. If the host nation authorities seek to question a DoD employee regarding his or her official duties, a representative from installation legal should accompany the employee. The installation legal representative should clarify with the host nation authorities whether the employee is questioned as a suspect or a witness, and the employee advised accordingly. It may not be readily apparent whether the host nation legal proceeding is criminal or administrative in nature. This point should be clarified as soon as possible since different procedures may apply depending on the answer. Installations will report interview by Italian authorities to the DoD LEC via their chain-of-command.

C1.10. DoD LEAD ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT

C1.10.1. The DoD LEC for these FGS is the Commander, Navy Region Europe Africa Southwest Asia. Any questions or comments pertaining to these FGS shall be sent to:

Commander, Navy Region Europe Africa Southwest Asia PSC 817 Box 108

FPO AE 09622

DSN Voice (314) 626-2886

DSN FAX (314) 626-2878

Commercial +39 081-568-2886

ITALY - 2 Air Emissions

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-1

C2. CHAPTER 2

AIR EMISSIONS

C2.1. SCOPE

This Chapter contains minimum standards for air emissions sources. Criteria addressing open burning of solid waste are contained in Chapter 7, “Solid Waste.” Criteria addressing asbestos are contained in Chapter 15, “Asbestos.” The requirements listed within this chapter apply unless more protective requirements are established in a site-specific authorization.

C2.2. DEFINITIONS

C2.2.1. Biodiesel. Vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. The composition of biodiesel fuels allowed for use in combustion is given in Table 2.5.

C2.2.2. Biogas. Combustible gas derived from the anaerobic and methanogenic fermentation of organic substances different from waste and having the following characteristics:

C2.2.2.1. Composition made mainly of methane and carbon dioxide;

C2.2.2.2. Maximum content of sulfur compounds, expressed as hydrogen sulfide, of 0.1% v/v;

C2.2.2.3. Used in the same industrial complex where it is produced.

C2.2.3. Biomass. Biological material derived from living or recently living organisms.

Biomasses allowed for use in combustion include:

C2.2.3.1. Vegetable material derived from dedicated cultivations or from mechanical treatment of non-dedicated cultivations;

C2.2.3.2. Vegetable material derived from forest management operations or pruning;

C2.2.3.3. Vegetable material derived from mechanical treatment of wood or wood residues;

C2.2.3.4. Vegetable material derived from mechanical treatment of agricultural products;

C2.2.3.5. Defatted olive pomace with the following characteristics:

C2.2.3.5.1. Ash ≤ 4% (m/m);

C2.2.3.5.2. Humidity ≤ 15% (m/m);

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-2

C2.2.3.5.3. N-hexane ≤ 30 mg/kg (ppm);

C2.2.3.5.4. Calorific value ≥ 15,700 MJ/kg (6.7e+6 BTU/lb);

C2.2.3.5.5. Absence of organic chlorinated solvents.

C2.2.4. Cold Cleaning Machine. Any device or piece of equipment that contains and/or uses liquid solvent, into which parts are placed to remove soil and other contaminants from the surfaces of the parts or to dry the parts. Cleaning machines that contain and use heated, nonboiling solvent to clean the parts are classified as cold cleaning machines.

C2.2.5. Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incinerator (CISWI) Units. Any combustion device that combusts commercial and industrial waste in an enclosed device using controlled flame combustion without energy recovery that is a distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility (including field-erected, modular, and custom incineration units operating with starved or excess air). CISWI units do NOT include Municipal Waste Combustor Units, Sewage Sludge Incinerators, Medical Waste Incinerators, and Hazardous Waste Combustion Units.

C2.2.6. Emission. Every solid, liquid and gaseous substance introduced in the atmosphere that can cause atmospheric pollution.

C2.2.7. Emulsion Oil. Stable emulsions of water-heating oil, water-kerosene, water-light or medium oil distillate emulsions with the following characteristics:

C2.2.7.1. Water content within the range 10-30%;

C2.2.7.2. Emulsions stabilized by the use of < 3% of surfactants;

C2.2.7.3. Not containing fluorine compounds, chlorine compounds, and heavy metals.

C2.2.8. Fossil Fuel. Natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat.

C2.2.9. Freeboard Ratio. The ratio of the solvent cleaning machine freeboard height to the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the solvent cleaning machine.

C2.2.10. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). A compound consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon often used as a replacement for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS).

C2.2.11. Incinerator. Any furnace used in the process of burning solid or liquid waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter, including equipment with heat recovery systems for either hot water or steam generation.

C2.2.12. Licensed Professional. A professional installing thermal civil plants who has been licensed by the Competent Authority.

C2.2.13. Motor Vehicle. Any commercially available vehicle that is not adapted to military use which is self-propelled and designed for transporting persons or property on a street

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-3 or highway, including but not limited to, passenger cars, light duty vehicles, and heavy duty vehicles.

C2.2.14. Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units. Any equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste (MSW) including, but not limited to, field-erected MWC units (with or without heat recovery), modular MWC units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units.

Municipal waste combustion units do NOT include pyrolysis or MWC units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit, cement kilns that combust MSW, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.

C2.2.15. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Any household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded from residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, hospitals (nonmedical), nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel.

Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge;

wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

C2.2.16. Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS). Those substances listed in Table 2.2.

C2.2.17. Particulate Matter (PM). Total suspended particulates with a size from 0.001 μm to 500 μm, determined considering a content of O2 within the anhydrous gas emission equal to 3% in volume for liquid and gaseous fuels and to 6% in volume for solid fuels and referred to the volume of dry gaseous emissions reported to normal conditions 0ºC (32°F) and 0.1013 Mpa (14.7 pounds per square inch (psi)).

C2.2.18. Pathological Waste. Waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

C2.2.19. Perfluorocarbon (PFC). A compound consisting solely of carbon and fluorine often used as a replacement for ODS.

C2.2.20. Process Heater. A device that is primarily used to heat a material to initiate or promote a chemical reaction in which the material participates as a reactant or catalyst.

C2.2.21. Pyrolysis. The endothermic gasification of hospital waste and/or medical/infectious waste using external energy.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-4

C2.2.22. Recycling. The reuse of ODS after a cleaning process based on filtration and drying. For refrigerants, recycling includes the recharge of equipment carried out on site.

C2.2.23. Stack. Any point in a source covered by criteria contained in C2.3.1., C2.3.2., C2.3.3., C2.3.4., or C2.3.5. designed to emit pollutants.

C2.2.24. Steam/Hot Water Generating Unit. A device that combusts any fuel and produces steam or heats water or any other heat transfer medium. This definition does not include nuclear steam generators or process heaters.

C2.2.25. Substantially Modified. Any modification to a facility/building, the cost of which exceeds $1 million, regardless of funding source.

C2.2.26. Thermal Civil Plant. Any unit or group of interconnected units designated to heat living areas, also in non-residential buildings, and produce hot water for civil and sanitary uses.

For the purposes of this Chapter, thermal civil plants are units with a capacity > 35 kW (119,000 BTU/hr) and lower than:

C2.2.26.1. 1 MW (3.4 million BTU/hr) if fueled with biomass, oil, emulsion oil and/or biodiesel;

C2.2.26.2. 0.3 MW (1 million BTU/hr) if fueled with fuel oil or emulsion oil;

C2.2.26.3. 3 MW (10.2 million BTU/hr) if fueled with natural gas and LPG; or

C2.2.26.4. 3 MW (10.2 million BTU/hr) if fueled with biogas.

C2.2.27. Vapor Cleaning Machine. A batch or in-line solvent cleaning machine that boils liquid solvent which generates solvent vapor that is used as a part of the cleaning or drying cycle.

C2.2.28. Wood Residue. Bark, sawdust, slabs, chips, shavings, mill trim, and other wood products derived from wood processing and forest management operations.

C2.3. CRITERIA

C2.3.1. Steam/Hot Water Generating Units. The following standards apply to units that commenced construction on or after 1 October 1994 or that were substantially modified since 1 October 1994.

C2.3.1.1. DoD installations operating thermal civil plants will obtain a declaration prepared and signed by the licensed professional who installed the thermal civil plants describing the technical characteristics of the plant. Installations will provide the declaration upon request to the Italian Base Commander.

C2.3.1.2. Air Emission Standards. The following criteria apply to units with a maximum design heat input, including thermal civil plants.

C2.3.1.2.1. Steam/hot water generating units and associated emissions controls, if applicable, must be designed to meet the emission standards for specific sized units shown in

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Table 2.1 at all times, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, malfunction, or when emergency conditions exist.

C2.3.1.2.2. Thermal civil plants shall comply with the emission limit for particulate matter (PM) of 50 mg/Nm3, except during periods of start up, shut down, soot blowing, and malfunction. Installations shall verify annually compliance with this limit. Records shall be maintained and provided to the Italian Base Commander upon request. Verification is not required for boilers fed by LNG, natural gas, LPG, light and medium oils meeting the requirements of Table 2.4, and by emulsions with the following characteristics:

C2.3.1.2.2.1. Stable emulsions water-heating oil, water-kerosene, water-light and medium oil distillates;

C2.3.1.2.2.2. Water content within the range 10-30%;

C2.3.1.2.2.3. Emulsions stabilized by the use of < 3% of surfactants;

C2.3.1.2.2.4. Not containing fluorine compounds, chlorine compounds, and heavy metals.

C2.3.1.2.3. The composition of liquid fuels allowed for use in combustion is given in Table 2.4, whereas characteristics of allowed biodiesel are reported in Table 2.5. The use of lignite, steam coal, metallurgic coke and gas coke, and anthracite is prohibited in thermal civil units.

C2.3.1.2.4. For units combusting liquid or solid fossil fuels, fuel sulfur content (weight %) and higher heating value will be measured and recorded for each new shipment of fuel. Use these data to calculate sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions and document compliance with the SO2 limits using the equation in Table 2.1. Alternatively, install a properly calibrated and maintained continuous emissions monitoring system to measure the flue gas for SO2 and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2).

C2.3.1.2.5. Installations that possess an authorization to emit greenhouse gas shall monitor emissions. Installations that do not exceed the 3MW power ceiling, or whose aggregate power (i.e., several boilers) results in <20MW, are excluded from this requirement.

C2.3.1.3. Air Emissions Monitoring. All civil thermal plants with a thermal capacity >

1.5 MW (approx. 5.1 million BTU/hr) shall have a temperature monitoring device and a continuous oxygen and carbon monoxide monitoring device.

C2.3.1.3.1. For units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 8.8 MW (approx. 30 million BTU/hr): Opacity, except that continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) is not required where gaseous or distillate fuels are the only fuels combusted.

C2.3.1.3.2. For fossil fuel fired units with a maximum design heat input capacity > 29 MW (approx. 100 million BTU/hr): NOX and either O2 or CO2.

C2.3.2. Incinerators. Operation of on-site incinerators requires an authorization (see Chapter 1 for the process). The following requirements do not apply to incinerators combusting

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-6 hazardous waste or munitions. Refer to Chapter 6, “Hazardous Waste,” for information regarding hazardous waste disposal and incineration.

C2.3.2.1. Incinerators shall comply with air emission limits as established in Table 2.3-a and Table 2.3-b. All incinerators shall be designed, constructed, equipped and managed as follows:

C2.3.2.1.1. Infectious sanitary waste shall be introduced directly into the incinerator without being mixed with other waste categories.

C2.3.2.1.2. Unit design: each incineration line has to be equipped with an auxiliary burner that is used during start up and shut down to raise and maintain operating temperature until waste is placed in the combustion chamber. Minimum residence time for waste in the combustion chamber is two seconds. The burner is not to be fed with fuels that can result in higher emissions than those generated by diesel oil, liquefied gas or natural gas. The burner shall automatically maintain the following combustion gas temperatures:

C2.3.2.1.2.1. Minimum temperature in the combustion chamber: after the last air inflow, combustion gases shall reach and maintain a homogeneous temperature of ≥ 850°C (1,562°F).

C2.3.2.1.2.2. Minimum temperature in the combustion chamber in the event that wastes contain > 1% of halogenated compounds (as Cl): 1,100°C (2,012°F).

C2.3.2.2. Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The following standards apply to all units. These requirements do not apply to any portable units (field deployable), pyrolysis units, or units that burn only pathological, low-level radioactive waste, or chemotherapeutic waste.

Refer to Chapter 8, “Medical Waste,” for other requirements pertaining to medical waste management.

C2.3.2.2.1. All MWI must be designed and operated according to the following good combustion practices (GCP):

C2.3.2.2.1.1. Unit design: dual chamber.

C2.3.2.2.1.2. Minimum temperature in primary chamber: 760-870°C (1400- 1600°F).

C2.3.2.2.1.3. Minimum temperature in secondary chamber: 982-1204°C (1800- 2200°F).

C2.3.2.2.1.4. Minimum residence time in the secondary chamber: 2 seconds.

C2.3.2.2.1.5. Incinerator operators must be trained in accordance with applicable Service requirements.

C2.3.3. Perchloroethylene (PCE) Dry Cleaning Machines. The following requirements apply to all dry cleaning machines. These requirements do not apply to coin-operated machines.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-7

C2.3.3.1. Emissions from PCE dry cleaning machines installed before 1 October 1994 that use > 7,570 liters (2,000 gallons) per year of PCE (installation wide) in dry cleaning operations must be controlled with a refrigerated condenser, unless a carbon absorber was already installed. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at ≤ 7.2°C (45°F). Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.3.2. All PCE dry cleaning systems installed on or after 1 October 1994 must be of the dry-to-dry design with emissions controlled by a refrigerated condenser. The temperature of the refrigerated condenser must be maintained at ≤ 7.2°C (45°F). Dry cleaning machines and control devices must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4. Chromium Electroplating and Chromium Anodizing Tanks. Electroplating and anodizing tanks must comply with one of the three methods below for controlling chromium emissions. Implement one of the following methods that is most appropriate to suit local conditions:

C2.3.4.1. Option 1: Limit chromium emissions in the ventilation exhaust to 0.015 milligrams per dry standard meter3 (mg/dscm). Control devices/methods must be operated according to manufacturer recommendations.

C2.3.4.2. Option 2: Use chemical tank additives to prevent surface tension of the electroplating or anodizing bath from exceeding 45 dynes per centimeter (cm) as measured by a stalagmometer or 35 dynes/cm as measured by a tensiometer. Measure the surface tension prior to the first initiation of electric current on a given day and every 4 hours thereafter.

C2.3.4.3. Option 3: Limit chromium emissions to the maximum allowable mass emission rate (MAMER) calculated using the following equation: MAMER = ETSA x K x 0.015 mg/dscm, where: MAMER = the alternative emission rate for enclosed hard chromium electroplating tanks in mg/hr; ETSA = the hard chromium electroplating tank surface area in feet2 (ft2); K = a conversion factor, 425 dscm/(ft2-hr). Option 3 is ONLY applicable to hard chrome electroplating tanks equipped with an enclosing hood and ventilated at half the rate or less than that of an open surface tank of the same surface area.

C2.3.5. Halogenated Solvent Cleaning Machines. These requirements apply to all solvent cleaning machines that use solvent which contains > 5% by weight: methylene chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2), perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4), trichloroethylene (CAS No. 79-01-6), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CAS No. 71-55-6), carbon tetrachloride (CAS No. 56-23-5), chloroform (CAS No. 67-66-3), or any combination of these halogenated solvents.

C2.3.5.1. All cold cleaning machines (remote reservoir and immersion tanks) must be covered when not in use. Additionally, immersion type cold cleaning machines must have either a 1-inch (2.54-cm) water layer or a freeboard ratio of ≥ 0.75.

C2.3.5.2. All vapor cleaning machines (vapor degreasers) must incorporate design and work practices which minimize the direct release of halogenated solvent to the atmosphere.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-8

C2.3.6. Units Containing ODS Listed in Table 2.2. The following criteria apply to direct atmospheric emissions of ODS, HFCs, and perfluorocarbons (PFC) from refrigeration equipment and ODS from fire suppression equipment listed in Table 2.2.

C2.3.6.1. Except as allowed in C2.3.6.2 and C2.3.6.3, use (i.e., utilization in maintenance or servicing of any products and equipment) or critical uses of ODS, as listed in Table 2.2, is prohibited. Running an existing system without maintenance (e.g., using a refrigerator) would not be classified as use.

C2.3.6.2. Halons may only be used for critical uses as specified in Table 2.6.

C2.3.6.3. The use of ODS may be allowed:

C2.3.6.3.1. In essential laboratory and analytical use.

C2.3.6.3.2. As feedstock (i.e., undergoes chemical transformation in a process in which it is entirely converted from its original composition and its emissions are insignificant).

C2.3.6.3.3. As process agents (i.e. used as chemical process agents in the applications allowed under recognized industry standards).

C2.3.6.3.4. As halon substitutes in existing fire protection systems specified in Table 2.6 under the following conditions:

C2.3.6.3.4.1. Original halons contained in such fire protection systems shall be replaced completely;

C2.3.6.3.4.2. Halons withdrawn shall be destroyed in accordance with Table 2.7.

C2.3.6.4. The use of virgin HCFCs in the maintenance and servicing of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment shall be prohibited from 1 January 2010, in equipment existing at that time. The use of all HCFCs in the maintenance and servicing of all refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment shall be prohibited from 1 January 2015.

C2.3.6.5. Recovery Requirements for ODS. ODS identified in Table 2.2. shall be recovered as follows using equipment operated by trained personnel:

C2.3.6.5.1. ODS contained in commercial and industrial refrigeration/air-conditioning equipment, equipment containing solvents, fire protection systems, and fire extinguishers shall be recovered for disposal in accordance with DoD 4160.21-M, Defense Materiel Disposition Manual, Chapter 10.

C2.3.6.5.2. ODS contained in domestic refrigerators and freezers shall be recovered per DoD 4160.21-M, Defense Materiel Disposition Manual, Chapter 10.

C2.3.6.5.3. ODS contained in products, installations, and equipment other than those mentioned above shall be recovered, if practicable, per DoD 4160.21-M, Defense Materiel Disposition Manual, Chapter 10.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-9

C2.3.6.5.4. ODS recovered for destruction may only be subject to destruction technologies listed in Table 2.7.

C2.3.6.6. Refrigerant Venting Prohibition. Any class I or class II ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerant shall not be intentionally released in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, industrial process refrigeration units, air conditioning units, or motor vehicle air conditioners. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover ODS, HFC, and PFC refrigerants are not subject to this prohibition.

C2.3.6.7. Refrigerant Leak Monitoring and Repair. Monitor and repair refrigeration equipment for ODS leakage in accordance with the following criteria and repair, if found to be leaking.

C2.3.6.7.1. Equipment containing a quantity of ODS > 3 kg (6.6 lbs) shall be monitored for leaks as follows:

C2.3.6.7.1.1. Yearly, for equipment with an ODS quantity of 3 to 30 kg (6.6 lbs to 66 lbs);

C2.3.6.7.1.2. Every six months for equipment with an ODS quantity 30 kg (66 lbs to 660 lbs) to 300 kg;

C2.3.6.7.1.3. Every three months > 300 kg (660 lbs).

C2.3.6.7.2. Monitoring shall be conducted using a leak detector with a sensitivity > 5g/year. The monitoring shall be conducted both on the high pressure side with the equipment operating, and on the low pressure side with the equipment turned off.

C2.3.6.7.3. Any detected leak shall be repaired as soon as possible and in any event within 14 days. The equipment or system shall be checked for leakage within 1 month after a leak has been repaired to ensure that the repair has been effective. The equipment or system can be turned on only after the repair.

C2.3.6.8. Halons shall not be intentionally released into the environment while testing, maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of halon-containing equipment or using such equipment for technician training. This venting prohibition does NOT apply to the following halon releases:

C2.3.6.8.1. De minimis releases associated with good faith attempts to recycle or recover halons (i.e., release of residual halon contained in fully discharged total flooding fire extinguishing systems).

C2.3.6.8.2. Emergency releases for the legitimate purpose of fire extinguishing, explosion inertion, or other emergency applications for which the equipment or systems were designed.

C2.3.6.8.3. Releases during the testing of fire extinguishing systems if each of the following is true: systems or equipment employing suitable alternative fire extinguishing agents are not available; release of extinguishing agent is essential to demonstrate equipment

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-10 functionality; failure of system or equipment would pose great risk to human safety or the environment; and a simulant agent cannot be used.

C2.3.7. Motor Vehicles. These criteria apply to DoD-owned motor vehicles as defined in the definitions section (C2.2.13.).

C2.3.7.1. All vehicles shall be inspected every two years to ensure that no tampering with factory-installed emission control equipment has occurred. CO emissions for gasoline vehicles manufactured according to European specifications after 1986 will not exceed 3.5% in volume. For gasoline vehicles manufactured in Europe prior to 1986, the CO emission will not exceed 4.5% in volume. Motor vehicles manufactured according to European specifications and equipped with diesel engines will not exceed a 50% opacity (45% for buses).

C2.3.7.2. Use only unleaded gasoline (with a maximum lead content of 0.013 g/L) in vehicles that are designed for this fuel. The maximum lead content for lead-bearing gasoline is

0.15 g/L.

C2.3.8. Stack Heights. Hg is the good engineering practice stack height necessary to minimize downwash of stack emissions due to aerodynamic influences from nearby structures.

C2.3.8.1. Stacks shall be designed and constructed to heights at least equal to the largest Hg calculated from either of the following two criteria:

C2.3.8.1.1. Hg = H + 1.5L, where H is the height of the nearby structure measured from the ground level elevation at the base of the stack, and L is the lesser of height or projected width of the nearby structure(s). A structure is determined to be nearby when the stack is located within 5L of the structure envelope but not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile). This calculation shall be performed for each structure nearby the stack being studied to determine the greatest Hg.

C2.3.8.1.2. Hg is the height demonstrated by a fluid model or a field study, which ensures that the emissions from a stack do not result in maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant as a result of atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects created by the source itself, nearby structures, or nearby terrain features ≥ 40% in excess of the maximum ground-level concentrations of any air pollutant experienced in the absence of such atmospheric downwash, wakes, or eddy effects. For purposes of this paragraph, “nearby” means not > 0.8 km (0.5 mile), except that the portion of a terrain feature may be considered to be nearby, which falls within a distance of up to 10 times the maximum height (Ht) of the feature, not to exceed 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) if such feature achieves a height (Ht) 0.8 km from the stack that is ≥ 40% of the good engineering practice stack height determined by the formulae provided in C2.3.8.1.1. of this part or 26 meters (85.3 feet), whichever is greater, as measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack. The height of the structure or terrain feature is measured from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-11

Table 2.1. Emission Standards for Steam Generating Units a

Maximum Design Heat Input Capacity 10 – 100 million BTU/hr Size >100 million BTU/hr Fuel Type PM Opacity b

SO2

c PM Opacity b

SO2

c NOX d

Gaseous N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.20 Gaseous - Coal Derived N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.50 Liquid Fossil Fuel N/A 20% 0.50e 0.10 20% 0.80 0.30 Solid Fossil Fuel 0.10 20% 1.20 0.10 20% 1.20 0.70 Other Solid Fuel f 0.30 20% N/A 0.20 20% N/A N/A Notes:

N/A = Not applicable.

a. Standards do not apply during periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, soot blowing, or when emergency conditions exist. Unless specified otherwise, emission standards are in lb/million BTU.

b. The opacity standards do not apply to units < 30 million BTU/hr. The 20% standard applies to the average opacity over a 6-minute period. A 30% opacity value is allowed for one 6-minute period per hour.

c. SO2 is best controlled and compliance documented by limiting fuel sulfur content.

SO2 emissions (lb/ million BTU) = 0.02 X sulfur content of fuel (%) / heat content of fuel (HHV, million BTU/lb fuel).

[E.g., for fuel oil with 0.5% sulfur, SO2 = 0.02 X 0.5 / 0.019 = 0.53 lb/million BTU.]

d. Emission limitation for NOX is based on a 30-day rolling average. NOX standard does not apply when a fossil fuel containing ≥ 25% by weight of coal refuse is burned in combination with gaseous, liquid, or other solid fossil fuel.

e. Instead of 0.5 lb/million BTU of SO2, fuel oil combustion units may comply with a 0.5% average fuel sulfur content limit (weight %) which is statistically equivalent to 0.5 lb/million BTU.

f. Other solid fuels include wood or waste derived fuels.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-12

Table 2.2. Class I and II Ozone-Depleting Substances

Class I CFC - 11 CFC -114 CFC - 215 Halon - 1211 CFC - 12 CFC - 115 CFC - 216 Halon - 1301 CFC - 13 CFC - 211 CFC - 217 Halon - 2402 CFC - 111 CFC - 212 Carbon Tetrachloride CFC - 112 CFC - 213 Methyl Chloroform CFC - 113 CFC - 214 Methyl Bromide CHFBr2 C2H2F3Br C3HF6Br C3H3F4Br

HBFC-2201

(CHF2Br)

C2H3FBr2 C3H2FBr5 C3H4FBr3

CH2FBr C2H3F2Br C3H2F2Br4 C3H4F2Br2 C2HFBr4 C2H4FBr C3H2F3Br3 C3H4F3Br C2HF2Br3 C3HFBr6 C3H2F4Br2 C3H5FBr2 C2HF3Br2 C3HF2Br5 C3H2F5Br C3H5F2Br C2HF4Br C3HF3Br4 C3H3FBr4 C3H6FBr C2H2FBr3 C3HF4Br3 C3H3F2Br3 Chlorobromomethane C2H2F2Br2 C3HF5Br2 C3H3F3Br2

Class II HCFC – 21 HCFC – 133a HCFC – 225cb HCFC – 243 HCFC – 22 HCFC – 141b HCFC – 226 HCFC – 244 HCFC – 31 HCFC – 142b HCFC – 231 HCFC – 251

HCFC – 121 HCFC – 151 HCFC – 232 HCFC – 252

HCFC – 122 HCFC – 221 HCFC - 233 HCFC – 253

HCFC – 123 HCFC – 222 HCFC – 234 HCFC – 261

HCFC – 124 HCFC – 223 HCFC – 235 HCFC – 262

HCFC – 131 HCFC – 224 HCFC – 241 HCFC – 271

HCFC – 132b HCFC – 225ca HCFC – 242

Note:

All isomers of the above chemicals are ODS, except isomers of (1,1,1-trichloroethane (also known as methyl chloroform)) such as 1,1,2-trichloroethane.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-13

Table 2.3-a. Emission Standards for Incinerators (daily averages)

Pollutant Daily Average Values Particulate Matter 10 mg/m3 Gaseous and vapor organic compounds (as TOC)

10 mg/m3

Gaseous and vapor chlorine inorganic compounds (as HCl)

10 mg/m3

Gaseous and vapor fluorine inorganic compounds (as HF)

1 mg/m3

Sulfur dioxides (as SO2) 50 mg/m3 Nitrogen dioxide (as NO2)1,2 200 mg/m3 If not established otherwise in the air emission authorization:

Emission Standards Concentrations3

Existing MWC units4

MWC units that begin new construction or undergo substantial modification4

CISWI

32-250 tpd >250 tpd 32-250 tpd >250 tpd All units Opacity 10% 10% 10% Dioxins/ furans

125 ng/dscm See Note5 13 ng/dscm 125 ng/dscm 0.41 ng/dscm

Cadmium 0.10 mg/dscm

0.040 mg/dscm

0.020 mg/dscm

0.10 mg/dscm

0.004 mg/dscm

Lead 1.6 mg/dscm 0.44 mg/dscm 0.20 mg/dscm 1.6 mg/dscm 0.04 mg/dscm Mercury 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm 85% reduction or 0.080 mg/dscm

0.47 mg/dscm

Fugitive ash 5% of hourly observation period

5% of hourly observation period

N/A

Notes:

1. A waiver can be obtained for NOX for urban waste incinerators already existing on 14 February 1998 provided that the daily average is lower than 20 mg/m3.

2. A waiver can be obtained for NOX until 1 January 2010 for urban waste incinerators with nominal capacity > 6 t/h and lower than 16 t/h already existing on 14 February 1998, provided that the daily average is lower than 400 mg/m3.

3. Emission standard concentrations (mg/dscm, ppmv) are corrected to 7% oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions.

mg/dscm = milligram per dry standard meter3, ng = nanogram, ppm = parts per million.

4. Construction or modifications that were undertaken pursuant to existing (or previous) FGS are not subject to these requirements. These criteria are not intended to require retrofitting of MWC units.

5. Dioxins/furans limits for units rated >250 tpd capacity: MWC with electrostatic precipitator (ESP)-60 ng/dscm;

MWC with non-ESP-30 ng/dscm.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-14

Table 2.3-b. Emission Standards for Incinerators (30-minutes average)

Pollutant 30-minute Average Values [mg/m3] 100% (A) 97% (B)

Total particulates 30 10 Gaseous and vapor organic compounds (as TOC) 20 10 Gaseous and vapor chlorine inorganic compounds (as HCl) 60 10 Gaseous and vapor fluorine inorganic compounds (as HF) 4 2 Sulfur dioxides (as SO2) 200 50 Nitrogen dioxide (as NO2)1 400 200

Notes:

1. A waiver can be obtained for NOX until 1 January 2010 for urban waste incinerators with nominal capacity lower than 16 t/h already existing on 14 February 1998, provided that the 30-minutes average value is lower than 600 mg/m3 for column A (100%) or 400 mg/m3 for column B (97%).

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-15

Table 2.4. Liquid Fuels

Characteristics Unit Heating oil/kerosene/ light and medium oil distillates

Fuel oil and other heavy oil distillates Recommended Analytical Method or equivalent Very fluid BTZ Fluid BTZ Semi-fluid BTZ Thick ATZ Thick BTZ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Viscosity At 50º C mm2/s <21.2 From 21.2 to 37.4 From 37.5 to 91.0 >91 >91 EN ISO 3104 At 50º C º E <3 From 3.0 to 5.0 From 5.1 to 12.0 >12 >12 EN ISO 3104 At 40º C mm2/s From 2.0 to 7.41 EN ISO 3104

Water & deposits % (V/V) <0.05 <0.05 <1.0 <1.0 UNI 20058 Water % (V/V) <1.5 <1.5 ISO 3733

Deposits % (V/V) <0.5 <0.5 ISO 3735 Sulfur 2 % (m/m) <0.2 <0.3 <1.0 <0.3 <1.0 <0.3 <1.0 <0.3 <4.0 <0.3 <1.0 UNI EN ISO 8754

Carbon residue % (m/m) <6 <15 <6 <15 <6 <15 <18 <6 <15 ISO 6615 Nickel + Vanadium mg/kg <15 <50 <180 <50 <180 <50 <180 <230 <50 <180 UNI E 09.10.024.0

EN 13131

Ash % (m/m) <0.05 <0.10 <0.15 <0.20 <0.20 UNI EN ISO 6245

PCB/PCT mg/kg Non detectable Non detectable Non detectable Non detectable Non detectable Non detectable DIN 51527

EN 12766

Notes:

See section C1.5.3 for laboratory requirements.

ATZ = High sulfur content fuel (up to 3%) BTZ = Low sulfur content fuel (up to 1%)

1. Only for gas oil.

2. Liquid fuels and emulsions with sulfur content >0.3% are not allowed for thermal plants having a capacity lower than 3 MW (10.2 million BTU/hr). Where the sum of Nickel and Vanadium is > 180 mg/kg, fuel oils with sulfur content >3% are not allowed for thermal plants having a capacity > 50 MW (170.6 million BTU/hr).

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-16

Table 2.5. Biodiesel

Characteristics Unit

Recommended Analytical method or equivalent

Limits

Min Max

Viscosity at 40 °C mm2/s EN ISO 3104

ISO 3105 3.5 5.0

Carbon residue (10% distillation residue) % (m/m) EN ISO 10370 - 0.3

Sulfated ash % (m/m) ISO 3987 - 0.02

Water mg/kg EN ISO 12937:2000 - 500

Total contamination mg/kg EN 12662 - 24 Acid value mg KOH/g EN 14104 0.50

Ester content % (m/m) EN 14103 96.5 Monoglyceride content % (m/m) EN 14105 0.80

Diglyceride content % (m/m) EN 14105 0.20 Triglyceride content % (m/m) EN 14105 0.20

Free glycerol % (m/m) EN 14105

EN 14106 0.02

CFPP (cold filter plugging point) °C UNI EN 116

Pour point °C ISO 3016 0

Calorific value MJ/kg

DIN 51900:1989

DIN 51900-

1:1998

DIN 51900-

2:1997

DIN 51900-

3:1977

Iodine value g Iodine/100 g EN 14111 130

Sulfur mg/kg prEN ISO 20846 prEN ISO 20884 10.0

Oxidation stability 110 °C hours EN 14112 4.0

Notes:

See section C1.5.3. for laboratory requirements.

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-17

Table 2.6. Critical Uses of Halon

Application Cut-off date1

(31 December of the stated year)

End date2

(31 December of the stated year)

Category of equipment or facility

Purpose Type of extinguisher

Type of Halon

On military ground vehicles

For the protection of engine compartments

Fixed system

2010 2035

For the protection of crew compartments

Fixed system 1301 2402 2011 2040

Portable extinguisher

1211 2011 2020

On ship military surface ships

For the protection of normally occupied machinery spaces

Fixed system 1301 2402 2010 2040

For the protection of normally unoccupied engine spaces

Fixed system

2010 2035

For the protection of normally unoccupied electrical compartments

Fixed system 1301 1211 2010 2030

For the protection of command centers Fixed system 1301 2010 2030

For the protection of fuel pump rooms Fixed system 1301 2010 2030

For the protection of flammable liquid storage compartments

Fixed system

2010 2030

For the protection of aircraft in hangars and maintenance areas

Portable extinguisher

2010 2016

On military submarines

For the protection of machinery spaces Fixed system 1301 2010 2040

For the protection of command centers Fixed system 1301 2010 2040

For the protection of diesel generator spaces

Fixed system 1301 2010 2040

For the protection of electrical Fixed system 1301 2010 2040

September 2012 Italy FGS 2-18

Application Cut-off date1

(31 December of the stated year)