Attachment_13_YELL_SFMP_25OCT21.pdf

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Structural Fire Management Plan

October 25, 2021

Yellowstone National Park Structural Fire Management Plan

Signatures

Revised by: __ _____ Britton Gray, Structural Fire Chief

Reviewed by:

Deputy Superintendent, Michael Tranel

Chief of Yellowstone Center for Resources, Nancy Finley

Chief of Concessions Management, Zach Allely

Chief of Facility Management, Duane Bubac

Regional Structural Fire Manager, Todd Neitzel

Approved by:

Chief Ranger Resource Visitor Protection, Sarah Davis

Approved by:

Superintendent, Cam Sholly

Table of Contents Signatures

Emergency Contact Telephone Numbers

Introduction

Purpose

Park Facilities Covered

Description

Commercial Services

Wildland Fires

Implementation

Compliance

Authorities

1 Fire and Life Safety Objectives

1.1 General

1.2 Life Safety

1.3 Preservation of Park’s Mission

1.4 Preservation and Protection of Collections

1.5 Historic Structures

2 Terms Explained

2.1 Common National Park Service – Structural Fire Management Plan Terms

3 Responsibilities

3.1 Park Superintendent

3.2 Regional Structural Fire Management Officer (RSFMO)

3.3 Occupational Safety and Health Manger

3.4 Park Chief Ranger

3.5 Fire Chief, Structural Fire Department (Structural Fire Chief)

3.6 Deputy Fire Chief, Structural Fire Department (Deputy Fire Chief)

3.7 Park Fire Management Officer

3.8 Park Chief of Facility Management

3.9 Park Concessions Manager

3.10 Park Housing Officer

3.11 Senior Supervisors

4 Organization

4.1 Positions

4.1.1 Structural Fire Chief

4.1.2 Deputy Fire Chief

4.1.3 Assistant Chief, Structural Fire Department (Assistant Chief)

4.1.4 Fire Inspector

4.1.5 Seasonal Firefighters

4.1.6 Fire Company Coordinators

4.1.7 Engine Company Officer (ECO)

4.1.8 Apparatus Driver/Operator (ADO)

4.1.9 Structural Firefighter

4.2 Engine Companies

4.2.1 North District

4.2.2 Lake District

4.2.3 West District

4.2.4 Additional Resources

5 Fire Prevention Inspection Procedures

5.1 Inspection Authorization

5.2 Report Distribution – Abatement Tracking

5.3 Identification of Hazards / Deficiencies Process

5.4 No Hazards Identified

5.5 Housing Fire Inspections

5.6 Inspection Frequency

5.7 Inspection Reporting

6 Fire Event Procedures

6.1 Responsible Personnel

6.2 Notification of Engine Company

6.3 Evacuation Signal

6.4 Meeting Designation

6.5 Disabled Requirements

6.6 Extinguisher Use

6.7 Standpipe Fire Hose Stations (Interior Hose Cabinets)

6.8 Utilization of Hose House Equipment

6.9 Procedures

7 Fire Prevention Training Requirements

7.1 Fire Prevention Training Requirements

7.2 Special Training

7.3 Training Contents

7.4 Fire Inspector Training

7.5 Fire Watch

8 Fire Drills

8.1 Fire Drill Frequency

8.2 Documentation

9 Exit Requirements

9.1 Responsibility

9.2 Exit Obstruction

9.3 Unlock Exit Requirement

9.4 Exit Illumination

9.5 Exterior Exit Locations

9.6 Storage under Exits

9.7 Blockage of Doors

9.8 Smoke Barrier and Fire Doors

9.9 Exit Door Maintenance

9.10 Evacuation Plan

10 Housekeeping

10.1 Housekeeping Practices

11 Electrical Installation and Equipment

11.1 Equipment Operation

11.2 Extension Cord Use

11.3 Appliance Usage

11.4 Portable Heaters

11.5 Electrical Cord Protection

11.6 Overloading

11.7 Flammable Liquid and Light Fixture Clearances

11.8 Coffee Makers

11.9 Fuses, Switches, and other Electrical Components

11.10 Compliance with National Electric Code (NEC)

11.10.1 Work will be accomplished by qualified personnel

11.10.2 All work will meet NFPA 70, National Electric Code (NEC)

11.10.3 Routine maintenance requirements

11.11 Removal of abandoned wiring

12 Smoking Policy

12.1 Smoking Policy

13 Wildland Urban Interface (WUI)

13.1 Inspection Requirements

13.2 Facility Gutters

13.3 Vegetation Clearance

13.4 Roofing Materials

13.5 Siding, Facia, Soffit, Trim and Decking

13.6 Fire Rings and Open Fires

13.7 Firewood

13.8 Defensible Space Illustration

14 Portable Fire Extinguishers

14.1 Inspection Cycle

14.2 Installation Requirements

14.3 Location Requirements

14.4 Usage Requirements

14.5 Vehicle Requirements

14.6 Obsolete Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers

14.7 Procurement and Replacement

14.8 Personnel Training

14.9 Proper Procedures for Use

15 Fire Protection Systems - Fixed

15.1 Introduction

15.2 New Systems

15.3 Design Documentation Review Process

15.4 Alterations

15.5 Construction Progress Meetings

15.6 Final Acceptance Commissioning and Inspection

15.7 Fixed Fire Protection Systems Inspection and Maintenance

15.8 Obstructions

15.9 Tampering or Impedance

15.10 Egress (Exit) Placarding and Illumination

15.11 Inventory of devices and heads

15.11.1 Sprinkler Heads

15.11.2 Initiating Devices

15.11.3 Smoke Alarms

16 Public Assembly Facility Requirements

16.1 Special Consideration

16.2 Occupancy Load

16.3 Established Procedures

16.4 Written Designation

16.5 Decoration Requirements

16.6 Restaurant Requirements

16.7 Kitchen Hood System Requirements

16.8 Requirements for Commercial Services Contracts

17 Heating and Cooking Appliances

17.1 Attendance Requirements

17.2 Open Flame Restrictions

17.3 Cleaning

17.4 Grills

17.5 Obstruction to Egress

17.6 Hot Plate Requirements

17.7 Listing Requirements

18 Open Flame Use and Fireplaces

18.1 Open Flame Policy

18.2 Restaurants

18.3 Additional Precautions

17.3 Open Flames on Premises

19 Welding, Cutting, Blazing, and Related Permits (Hot Work)

19.1 Purpose

19.2 Applicability

19.3 RM-58 Requirements

19.4 Definitions

19.4.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

19.4.2 Hot Work

19.4.3 Permit

19.4.4 Designee for the Structural Fire Chief

19.4.5 Shall

19.4.6 Welding and Allied Processes

19.5 Authority Having Jurisdiction Responsibilities

19.6 Application Requirements

19.7 Permits and Systems Requirements

19.8 Permit Procedures

19.9 Location of Work to be Performed

19.10 Requirements for the Hot Work Location

19.11 Restrictions

19.12 Fire Watch Requirements

19.13 Fire Extinguisher Requirements

19.14 Weld Gases and Requirements

19.15 Tar Kettles

19.16 Open Flames and Premises

19.17 Containers that Previously Held Flammable or Combustible Products

19.18 Tool Safety

20 Flammable/Combustible Liquids

20.1 Storage Requirements

21 Fire Hydrants and Water Supply

21.1 Requirements for Shutting off Water Supply

21.2 Connections to Fire Hydrants

21.3 Parking near Fire Hydrants

21.4 Damage Reporting

21.5 Snow Removal Requirements

21.6 Hydrant Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

21.7 Hydrant Fire Flow Testing

22 Fireworks

22.1 Park Policy

22.2 Fireworks Performance

23 Explosives

23.1 Storage, Transportation and Use of Powders and Other Explosives

23.2 Signage

24 Compressed Gases

24.1 Storage and Separation of Stored Cylinders

24.2 Securing Requirements

24.3 Valve Protection

24.4 Cylinders and Arrestors

24.5 Signage

25 Vehicle Parking and Storage

25.1 Obstructions to Hydrants or Fire Emergency Access Routes

25.2 Parking Restrictions to Fuel Storage

25.3 Designated Building

25.4 Storage of Fuel Powered Equipment

25.5 Enforcement

26 Aircraft

26.1 Safety Procedures

26.2 Training

26.3 Fueling Designation

26.4 Fueling Process Areas Prohibited

26.5 Use of Electrical Extension Cords

26.6 Vehicle Parking

26.7 Ground Servicing and Static Grounding in Compliance with NFPA and OSHA

26.8 Portable Fire Extinguishers (PFE)

27 Marine and Marina Operations

27.1 Fire Safety Procedures

27.2 Smoking

27.3 Training

27.4 Maintenance of Fueled Watercraft

27.5 Use of Electrical Equipment and Extension Cords

27.6 Berthing and Storage

27.7 Marina and Dock Fire and Life Safety

27.8 Fuel Stations and Docks

27.9 NPS Watercraft

28 Hazardous Materials Incident

28.1 Method of Containment

28.2 Employee Solicitation

28.3 Use of Protective Gear

28.4 Visitor Solicitation

28.5 Initial Training Requirements

28.6 Certification Requirements

28.7 HAZMAT Clean-up Disposal

29 Fire Apparatus Right of Way

29.1 Obstruction of Fire Lanes

29.2 Passing Requirements

29.3 Yield to Emergency Vehicles

29.4 Emergency Vehicle Driver Compliance

29.5 Fire Hose

29.6 Alternate Routes

30 Contract Management

30.1 Pre-construction Meetings

30.2 Construction Safety Policies

30.3 New Construction Policy

30.4 System Requirements per RM-58

30.5 Change of Occupancy

30.6 Demolition Work

30.7 Final Construction Documents

29.8 Final Acceptance and Commission

29.9 Final Project Certificate of Occupancy

31 Contractors and Commercial Services Contracts

31.1 Procedures

31.2 Commercial Services Contracts

32 Employee Housing

32.1 Occupant Responsibilities

32.2 Inspection Requirements for Residential Smoke Alarms

32.3 Inspection Requirements for Fire Extinguishers

32.4 Carbon Monoxide Detectors

31.5 Inspection Requirements for Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems

33 Self-Help Construction Projects

34 Post Fire Incident Reviews

34.1 Post Fire Incident Review Members

34.2 Fire Investigation Requirements

34.3 Fire Investigation Resources

34.4 Serious Accident Investigation

34.5 Structural Fire Investigations

34.5.1 REPORTING

34.5.2 INVESTIGATION TYPE DESCRIPTIONS

35 Bulk Fuel Storage and Fueling Stations

35.1 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

35.2 Smoking

35.3 Fire Protection

35.4 Housekeeping

36 Fire Company Operations

36.1 Engine Company Operations

36.1.1 Engine Company Standards

36.1.2 Standard Operating Procedures

36.1.3 After Action Reviews (AAR)

36.1.4 Operational Deficiencies

36.1.5 Training Needs

36.2 Staffing and Response Area

36.2.1 Exterior fire suppression

36.2.2 Interior fire suppression (initial crew)

36.2.3 Motor vehicle accident

36.2.4 Fire alarm activation

36.3 Fire Department Dispatching Matrix

36.4 Fire Department Response Time

36.5 Volunteers and “Volunteers in Parks”

36.5.1 Volunteers

36.5.2 Volunteers in Parks (VIP)

36.6 Engine Company Training

36.7 Pre-incident Plans

36.8 Personal Protective Equipment

36.9 Emergency Operations

36.10 Incident Management

36.11 Outside Agency Response

37 Appendices

37.1 Annual Prevention Inspection

37.2 Hot Works Permit

37.3 Fire Hazard Report

37.4 Fire Prevention Checklist

37.5 Housing Safety Inspection

37.6 Fire Event Procedures

37.7 NFPA 1 Combustible Vegetation

NFPA 1 – National Fire Code; 10.14 Combustible Vegetation

37.8 Certificate of Occupancy

37.9 Electrician Letter

Emergency Contact Telephone Numbers

Superintendent:

Cam Sholly

Primary: 307-344-2002 Secondary:

Deputy Superintendent:

Michael Tranel

Primary: 307-344-2002 Secondary: 307-254-7426

Chief Ranger:

Sarah Davis

Primary: 307-344-2124 Secondary: 307-699-5269

Deputy Chief Ranger:

Christopher Flesch

Primary: 307-344-2170 Secondary: 307-690-4053

Emergency Services Manager:

Phil Basak

Primary: 307-344-2103 Secondary: 307-250-6919

Structural Fire Chief:

Britton Gray

Primary: 307-344-2190 Secondary: 406-581-2580

Public Affairs Specialist:

Morgan Warthin

Primary: 307-344-2010 Secondary: 406-404-5096

Chief Facility Management:

Duane Bubac

Primary: 307-344-2026 Secondary: 307-250-8830

Chief Yellowstone Center for Resources:

Nancy Finley

Primary: 307-344-2528 Secondary: 307-250-9988

Chief of Cultural Resources:

Tobin Roop

Primary: 307-344-2224 Secondary: 406-581-8870

Museum Curator:

Miriam Watson

Primary: 307-344-2662 Secondary: 406-589-7044

Occupational Safety and Health Manger:

Kevin Gappert

Primary: 307-344-2030 Secondary: 406-852-0140

Chief of Concessions Management:

Zach Allely

Primary: 307-344-2560 Secondary: 307-250-8848

Hebgen Basin Fire Department Automatic aid West side

Primary: 406-646-9073 Secondary:

Regional Structural Fire Manager (RSFM) Todd Neitzel

Primary: 303-969-2723 Secondary: 303-895-9836

Introduction

Historically, structural fires have caused significant damage to National Park Service (NPS) resources. These fires have also resulted in death and numerous injuries. Effective structural fire management is essential to the protection of human life, property, and irreplaceable cultural resources.

The Structural Fire Management Plan establishes the policies and procedures that manage Yellowstone National Park fire protection program. The purpose of this plan is to prevent fires and reduce loss from fire. It provides guidance to assist the Superintendents and Park staff with the protection of people, property, and resources under their control.

Life safety is paramount in all NPS structural fire management activities. Furthermore, the National Park Service is committed to protecting all resources entrusted to its care and will focus on preventing fires and minimizing the damage resulting from structural fires in accordance with DO-58/RM-58, DO/RM-50B Occupational Health and Safety Program, NPS Management Policies, Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) regulations, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards, where required. It applies to all NPS and concession personnel assigned or attached to units in the National Park Service, including all contractors, concessioners, tenant organizations, and housing residents.

Purpose This Structural Fire Management Plan (SFMP) sets forth the operational policies and procedures necessary to establish and implement a structural fire prevention and protection program in Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone). The SFMP’s purpose is to prevent and reduce losses from fires. In the event of a fire the prevention provides for a smaller fire that has a greater chance of being extinguished by fire suppression crews. It provides guidance to assist superintendents and park staff with protecting people, property, and the resources under their control.

Structural fire management is defined as the protection of people, building content, structures (including vehicles, watercraft, and aircraft), resources, and the landscape surrounding these structures from the effects of fire. At the park level, a fully implemented SFMP is the most effective way to achieve structural fire management goals. This SFMP shall establish written fire prevention and protection requirements that:

• Meet the needs of the Park.

• Minimize accidental fires and related fire losses.

• Provide for prompt detection, reporting, and control, extinguish, and investigation of fires.

• Establish abatement procedures.

• Provide for the safe evacuation of building occupants.

• Reduce injury and loss of life and property.

• Provide for education in fire safety and firefighting operations

Park Facilities Covered The requirements and action items of this SFMP apply to all Yellowstone facilities, whether owned or leased, regardless of the occupant using the facility.

Description Yellowstone receives over 4 million visitors each year and has 636,316 overnight stays each year, not including park employees. Most park visitors are involved in some kind of recreational visitation.

Major developed areas are Canyon, Grant, Lake, Mammoth, Tower, and Old Faithful. These areas have hotel lodging, cabin rentals, restaurants, cafeterias, fuel station, repair stations, and gift shops. Two additional areas that provide for overnight lodging are Norris and Madison with a large campground located in each district.

Housing areas for government employees are Mammoth, Tower, Lamar, Northeast Entrance, Canyon, Lake, East Entrance, Grant, South Entrance, Bechler, West Entrance, Madison, Old Faithful, and Norris. There are 484 housing units for NPS employees.

Yellowstone has 1,945 structures for a total of 4,335,754 square feet with a conservative replacement value of two billion dollars. The NPS is the owner of all these facilities. Yellowstone does not have any in holders. Since 2003 a fire suppression system has been mandatory in all new structures and those receiving a major renovation.

Commercial Services There are several concessioners working in Yellowstone. The concessions operations utilize 833 buildings for a total of 2,566,767 square feet.

Retail Concessioner (CC-YELL002) Retail Concessioner operates ten general stores and five grills. Retail Concessioner occupies 31 facilities for a total of 279,258 square feet. Of these facilities six are dormitories and two are residences.

Medical Clinic Operator Medical Clinic Operator operates the three clinics in Yellowstone. Medical Clinic Operator occupies 8 facilities for a total of 27,393 square feet. This includes 5 multi-unit employee residences.

Lodging Concessioner (CC-YELL077) Lodging Concessioner operates hotels, lodges, six dining rooms, three cafeterias, two grills, cabin rentals, marina operation, trail rides, campgrounds, and winter snow coach operations. Lodging Concessioner occupies 778 buildings for a total of 2,126,666 square feet. For employees this includes 22 dormitories, 79 employee cabins, 19 employee residences. For Park guests they manage 386 guest cabins, 8 Lodge/Hotel/Inns, 14 multi-level guest lodges, and 5 campgrounds.

Service Station Concessioner (CC-YELL004) Service Station Concessioner operates seven filling stations and three repair stations. Service Station Concessioner occupies 16 facilities for a total of 32,617 square feet. This includes 7 dormitories and one employee residence.

Wildland Fires Yellowstone has a high potential for wildland fires from June until October annually in one or more areas of the Park. The Park sees an average of 22 fires for a total near 8,000 acres annually over the past 30 years, excluding the historic 1988 fire season. Wildland fire suppression will be managed in accordance with the 2014 Yellowstone National Park Fire Management Plan.

Implementation When signed by the Superintendent of Yellowstone, this structural fire management plan becomes Yellowstone’s policy and procedure for the prevention, mitigation, early intervention, education, and suppression of structural fire as well as the necessary and appropriate fire safety training.

Upon SFMP implementation, all division chiefs and other appropriate personnel will be briefed on its contents and copies will be made available to all personnel. It is the responsibility of the Structural Fire Chief to review the SFMP annually. The SFMP will also be reviewed after significant changes to any Yellowstone infrastructure (pipelines and utilities), after Yellowstone has acquired new structures or has released structures to another agency or organization, and after a major fire incident.

With implementation, Yellowstone shall engage in the execution of the SFMP to the fullest extent possible to include fire prevention activities, inspections, and training as outlined in the plan, and the establishment of subsidiary standard operating procedures or guidelines (SOPs, SOGs). The Structural Fire Chief will secure the services of the Regional Structural Fire Management Officer (RSFMO), as needed, to evaluate Yellowstone’s fire prevention and protection program.

Compliance Life Safety is, and will always be, the first priority in all NPS structural fire management activities. Furthermore, NPS and Yellowstone National Park is committed to protecting all resources entrusted to its care and will focus on preventing fires and minimizing the damage resulting from structural fires in accordance with Director’s Order and Reference Manual #58 Structural Fire Management (DO/RM-58), Director’s Order and Reference manual #58B Occupational Health and Safety Program (DO/RM-58B), Director’s Order and Reference manual #36 Housing Management (DO/RM-36) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes and standards. Department Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s), Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) policies and NPS Management policies may also be used to prevent fires, minimize damage, and reduce injuries where required.

“The NPS hereby adopts, and will enforce as minimum standards, the most current version of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Fire Prevention Code (NFPA 1), Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) and all other associated codes and standards. The purpose of these codes is to prescribe minimum requirements necessary to establish a reasonable level of fire safety, and to protect from the hazard created by fire. NPS adopted standards may be at variance with state and/or local fire safety codes. Where conflicts arise in the codes and standards, the service will adhere to the more stringent requirements.”

- Director’s Order 58

The NFPA family of Codes and Standards will be used in all new construction and rehabilitation, alteration, remodeling projects. Additionally, all new buildings, buildings undergoing major renovation, or buildings with a change of occupancy, will have automatic sprinkler system protection and automatic fire detection. DO/RM-58 shall be referenced where policy is not clearly addressed in this Plan. All requests for exemptions on installed fire systems and variations of fire codes will be addressed with the Structural Fire Chief prior to any changes being made.

Authorities The Superintendent has appointed the Structural Fire Chief the responsibility and authority to manage the structural fire responsibilities of Yellowstone National Park. In addition, the Structural Fire Chief of Yellowstone National Park is appointed Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) by the Regional Director.

Per DO/RM-58 and the Regional Director, the Regional Structural Fire Manager (RSFM) is the AHJ for structural fire and life safety matters in the region. The RSFM is the first point of contact for appeal request concerning decisions or direction given by the Structural Fire Chief.

All matters of policy, as they pertain to structural fire prevention, protection, education, and life safety, shall be reviewed, and approved by the Structural Fire Chief prior to implementation.

1 Fire and Life Safety Objectives

1.1 General

Fire and life safety objectives provide a means to measure success. Fire safety objectives should address life safety and the preservation of the site mission, collections, and structures. It is essential that fires be prevented to protect life and property as well as the irreplaceable cultural resources within the Park.

The following goals have been established for Yellowstone:

• Life safety

• Preservation of site mission

• Preservation and protection of collections

The Park’s fire protection and prevention program is successful utilizing the following:

• Building design

• Building construction

• Installation and maintenance of fire detection, notification, and suppression systems

• Regularly fire and life safety inspections of buildings and fire protection systems

• Developing collections management and protection plans

• Fire safety training and education

• Establishing and maintaining cooperative fire agreements

• Providing and maintaining an effective and well-trained fire department that is familiar with and can respond to the unique aspects and nature of the Park’s cultural heritage properties.

1.2 Life Safety

Life safety shall always be the priority and goal of the fire and life safety program. To limit the probability of death or injury to visitors, staff, and firefighters, the following goals need to be met:

• When life safety deficiencies occur immediate corrective action to remedy the deficiency will occur.

Working with Facility Management and utilizing Facility Management Software System (FMSS) work orders need to be generated to track deficiencies and ensure corrective actions were accomplished. The Structural Fire Chief is responsible for working with division leads and Facilities Management to ensure life safety work orders are initiated, tracked, and corrective actions are achieved.

• The Structural Fire Chief shall ensure Project Management Information System (PMIS) requests are initiated for outstanding fire and life safety capital improvements and the installation of fire protection systems.

• Fire suppression, detection and notification systems will remain active and code-compliant, and the applicable inspection, testing, and maintenance is accomplished in according NFPA and NPS standards.

The Structural Fire Chief is responsible for ensuring this is accomplished.

• An active fire safety awareness program to educate Park and commercial services employees, their families, and the public.

• Inspect all facilities for fire and life safety deficiencies. As a minimum, these inspections shall be undertaken on an annual basis. The Structural Fire Chief shall ensure that annual fire and life safety inspections are being performed and documented, and that deficiencies are documented, reported, and corrected.

• Ensure the Structural Fire Department is equipped and trained for response.

1.3 Preservation of Park’s Mission

The following objectives focus on limiting the probability and extent of damage to assets critical to the Park’s mission. Such assets include equipment, functions, documents, resources, and structures.

The ability to preserve and protect structures is critical to the implementation of an effective structural fire management program. To this end, the following objectives support the Park’s mission:

• All construction plans require review and approval by the Structural Fire Chief and when applicable a third-party review.

• New construction will be in accordance with the most current edition of the International Building Code (IBC), NFPA codes, and NPS policies. When code changes occur during the construction planning process, the codes that were in effect at the time of original approval shall remain in effect unless the change in code is retroactive.

• All new buildings, buildings undergoing major alteration, building to be renovated beyond component renewal, and buildings where there is a change in occupancy will have automatic fire suppression and automatic fire detection systems installed.

• Where an alternative automatic fire suppression system is appropriate for the building and/or collections, the rationale for the alternate solution and documentation that indicates how the alternate system will meet the intent of the sprinkler requirement shall be submitted to the Structural Fire Chief for review and approval. Final construction documents must be submitted to the Structural Fire Chief for review. Third Party certification must be indicated on the drawings provided by the contractor’s Fire Protection Engineer or other persons approved by the Structural Fire Chief, and the drawings and specifications must be in compliance with NPS structural fire requirements.

• New and existing fire detection and suppression systems shall be designed and installed to allow monitoring by the Yellowstone Communication Center.

• Fire and life safety inspections shall, as a minimum, be undertaken on an annual basis. Inspection frequencies may be increased for specific structures as identified by the Structural Fire Chief. These inspections will be used to identify and eliminate potential fire and life safety risks to structures.

• Pre-incident plans shall be developed for all structures identified by the park and are to be shared with the fire departments partners. Walkthroughs of the target hazards should be conducted by engine companies.

• Each pre-incident plan shall identify, at a minimum, basic floor plan, potential threats, alarm panels, sprinkler risers and valves, utility access and shut-offs, fire department connections, water supplies, roof access, apparatus access, and predetermined strategies and tactics where applicable.

• The book of pre-incident plans shall be on all fire apparatus. The structural fire training plan will utilize the pre-incident plans.

• Post-fire incident facility stabilization procedures shall be developed that will validate facility soundness and mitigate further damage from wind, rain, extreme temperatures, smoke, heat, flame, fire crew salvage, and overhaul operations.

• Post-fire stabilization procedures shall be developed in accordance with guidance from the State Historic Preservation Officer and NPS authorities on historic preservation. Procedures and recommendations may also be provided by the NPS Region 6,7,8 historic architects. Every attempt shall be made to preserve the historic integrity of historic structures.

1.4 Preservation and Protection of Collections

Collections include historic artifacts, archival materials, photographs, natural history specimens, and archeological collections displayed or stored on site. These items are often one-of-a-kind, unique, or rare and if attacked by fire and combustion products may be completely destroyed or damaged beyond recovery. Fire protection objectives will focus on limiting the probability of destruction or damage to collections and records by flame, heat, smoke and corrosive byproducts, and suppression water during a fire.

NPS Management Policies 2006, 5.3.1.2 (second paragraph) states:

In the preservation of historic structures and museum and library collections, every attempt will be made to comply with national building and fire codes. When these cannot be met without significantly impairing a structure’s integrity and character, management and use of the structure will be modified to minimize potential hazards rather than modifying the structure itself.

Subject to the previous paragraph, when warranted by the significance of a historic structure or a museum or library collection, adequate and appropriate fire detection, warning, and suppression systems will be installed.

Structural fire management programs involving cultural resources will comply with appropriate NFPA codes and standards.

The Park’s Resource Management Division will develop a preservation and protection plan that addresses the probability of post-fire damage during salvage and overhaul, and from mold, mildew, moisture, exposure, and temperature changes. The plan shall address the potential for protection in place, as well as removal and relocation pre-fire, during a fire, and post fire. The plan shall support the collections’ management policies and include:

• Selecting fire detection and suppression systems that are specifically appropriate to the nature of museum property in the space, and to the structure in which it is housed. The goal is to identify a fire as soon as possible, preferably during its incipient (smoldering) phase before destructive flames appear, and if flames do appear to quickly suppress fire growth.

• Making spaces housing museum property fire-resistant to the extent possible given the nature of the structure. The goal is to prevent a fire that originates outside of the space that houses collections items from entering the space that holds collections.

• Storing museum property records in an appropriate fire and burglary-resistant container or vault, and ensure the enclosure is locked when not in use. Housing a copy of these records in a second off-site location is advised for records redundancy.

• Addressing museum property needs in preventing, detecting, and suppressing fire.

• Avoiding the placement of incompatible and higher risk items (i.e., photocopiers) within spaces that house collections items.

• Avoiding the storage of flammable liquids in the museum property storage area.

Curatorial and preservation personnel are responsible for salvaging and restoring damaged and undamaged collections in accordance with DO/RM-28, NFPA 909 and NFPA 914. Structural Fire Chief shall be involved in the planning process.

Curatorial recovery planning includes the development of action plans that:

• Sets priorities for salvage of collections.

• Establishes the recovery priority sequence (triage) that will be utilized for the post-fire safeguard, stabilization, and recovery of collections items. This information should be period and periodically updated and provided to the Structural Fire Chief for their use assisting with the fire control and post-fire recovery.

• Coordinates salvage recovery procedures with facility management staff for critical collections. Facilities management should identify and secure professional services as needed (i.e., architectural, engineering, contractor) to stabilize and commence recovery of the structure or space(s) that house collections to prevent further damage due to fire impact, weather, or other environmental factors.

• Utilizes protective coverings and devices as appropriate.

• Coordinates site security with NPS or other approved law enforcement agency to prevent unauthorized entry to the damaged structure and to maintain a secure chain of custody for the damaged structure, through transport to the temporary alternate housing location and at the temporary housing facility.

• Prepares for and manages the removal of collections from fire areas and maintains an inventory of relocated materials.

• Establishes and maintains a contact list of refrigerated vans and warehousing facilities to transport or store fire or water damaged items and engages the services of these firms as necessary.

• Identifies responsible organizations with the capacity and ability to restore collections. Capacity should be based on the largest anticipated fire area.

• Lists other curatorial facilities and professionals with the appropriate recognized credentials to assist with the stabilization and recovery of collections damage.

See NPS Museum Handbook Part 1, Chapter 9 for additional details regarding the safeguarding of collections from fire.

1.5 Historic Structures

Historic Structures include those buildings and/or sections of buildings that are either listed or eligible for listing in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Buildings (Secretary’s Standards).

The Secretary’s Standards recognize the importance of fire and life safety for the occupants of historic structures and the preservation of these properties. They also recognize the importance of implementing contemporary fire protection features and systems in a sympathetic and effective manner. A summary of the general recommendations from the Standards are:

• Comply with life-safety codes

• Abatement of hazardous materials

• Working with code officials (AHJ) to investigate systems, methods, and devices to make the building code compliant with life-safety codes

• Using relevant sections of existing codes regarding life safety for historic buildings and as appropriate provide alternative code compliance methods

• Install sensitively designed fire suppression systems, such as sprinklers, so that the historic features and finishes are preserved.

• Apply fire retardant coatings when appropriate, such as intumescent paint to protect structural systems.

For the historic structures within Yellowstone the Structural Fire Chief (AHJ) shall be responsible for the review and approval of alternative compliance measures.

Additional details and references for how to apply fire protection features and systems in the Park’s historic structures can be found in the Secretary’s Standards.

2 Terms Explained

2.1 Common National Park Service – Structural Fire Management Plan Terms

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure relative to fire protection.

District and Company Coordinator: Found in parks with significant structural fire risk. This position is responsible for engine company operations and training.

Emergency Action Plan: Designated actions that employers and employees must take to ensure safety from fire and other emergencies within a facility. Regulations for emergency action plans are covered in OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.38.

Engine Company: A unit of the fire department in command of one or more firefighting vehicles.

Facility Manager: Responsible for managing fire-safe facilities and equipment under their jurisdiction.

Fire Brigade: An industrial unit trained to respond to and mitigate fires and emergencies in the industrial setting.

Fire Department: A group of people organized to engage in rescue, fire suppression, and related activities.

Fire Hazard: A fire hazard is any situation, process, material, or condition that, based on applicable data, can cause a fire or explosion or provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of the fire or explosion and that poses a threat to life or property.

Fire Deficiency: A fire deficiency requires a subjective analysis to determine the priority required for the corrective action. They are prioritized according to their seriousness and assigned a code. These codes are used to input the most serious deficiencies into the Park’s Facilities Management Software System (FMSS) for identification and correction.

Fire Door: An internal door installed in a building to separate sections or certain areas, to prevent damage by heat or smoke in the event of a fire.

Fire Prevention: Measures directed at reducing the likelihood of fire and/or avoiding the inception of fire.

Fire Prevention Plan: This plan describes how to prevent fires in a facility. Included are employer and employee responsibilities in preventing fires, descriptions of the major worksite fire hazards, requirements for maintaining equipment to prevent or control fire, steps in controlling fuel source hazards, housekeeping controls to prevent hazardous accumulations of combustible and flammable materials, waste and residues, employee training on hazards of materials and processes, and practices for maintenance of heat producing equipment and systems. Regulations for fire prevention plans are covered in OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.38.

Fire Protection: All measures taken to reduce the burden of fire on quality of life. Fire protection includes all aspects of fire protection engineering, fire prevention, fire suppression, hazardous materials response, and related rescue operations.

Fire Protection Condition Assessment (FPCA): A complete survey of park buildings, conducted by a fire protection engineer or other qualified person. The FPCA process identifies fire life safety deficiencies related to the structures.

Fire Suppression: All measures involved in controlling and extinguishing fires. Fire suppression shall include all activities performed at the scene of a fire incident and/or training exercise(s) that expose fire department members to the dangers of heat, flame, smoke, or other products of combustion, explosion, or structural collapse.

Hazard Mitigation: Activities taken to isolate eliminate, or reduce the degree of risk to life and property from hazards, either before, during, or after incident.

Interim Controls: Temporary measures pending permanent corrective action.

Memorandum of Agreement / Mutual Aid Agreement / Memorandum of Understanding: A pre-arranged agreement developed between two or more entities to render assistance to the parties of the agreement. Consult Director’s Orders #20 for further explanation of the terms and conditions of each.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Publishes the National Fire Codes that serve as the standard for NPS fire protection and prevention programs.

Occupancy: Establishes purpose of the structure. NFPA 1017 provides guidance for defining the various usages. The established occupancy directs required fire protection for the specified usage.

Structural Fire Chief: This person must have a broad base of structural fire prevention and response experience.

The position is responsible for the development of fire prevention and response programs that improve and expand the park’s structural fire program.

Plan Review: Review of proposed plan(s) of a building, or portion of a building, for fire protection system, fire assembly, or equipment. The plan can include specifications, cut sheets, and other engineering data. The term includes sketches, site plans, floor plans, shop drawings, and blueprints. Reviews are done by fire protection engineers, fire protection specialists, or state or local fire marshal’s office; however, this must be coordinated with the Structural Fire Chief.

Pre-fire Plan: Advance planning of firefighting operations at a particular location, taking into account all factors that will influence firefighting tactics. A standard form used to outline fire protection features and emergency response goals at a given facility and carried aboard responding apparatus.

Program Review: A process conducted by the Superintendent with guidance from the Regional Structural Fire Manager and other subject matter experts. It is generally a precursor to writing a structural fire management plan.

Standard Operating Procedures / Guidelines (SOPs or SOGs): These written organizational directives establish or prescribe specific operational or administrative methods to be followed routinely, or provide guidance for the performance of designated operations or actions; in some jurisdictions also known as standard operating guidelines.

Standpipes:

Class I standpipe system provides 2-inch hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.

Class II standpipe system provides 1-inch hose stations to supply water for use primarily by the building occupants or by the fire department during initial response.

Class II standpipe shall only be used by trained firefighting personnel.

Class III standpipe system provides 1-inch hose stations to supply water for use by building occupants and 2-in.

hose connections to supply a larger volume of water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.

Class III standpipe shall only be used by trained firefighting personnel.

Structural Fire Apparatus: A motor-driven vehicle or group of vehicles designed and constructed for the specific purpose of fighting structural fires.

Examples include:

• fire engines

• water tenders

• ladder trucks

Structural Fire Engine: A fire department pumper having a rated pump capacity of 750 GPM or more.

Structural Fire Management Plan (SFMP): This plan describes the measures taken for fire prevention, preparedness, and response and recovery actions pertaining to a park service unit.

Superintendents are required to develop a SFMP and submit a copy to the Regional Structural Fire Manager for review.

Structural Fire: An incident involving fire that is not classified as a wildland fire.

Volunteer: Volunteers are individuals (i.e., park employee family members, park partners, concessions employees, etc.) who of their own accord choose to participate in a particular activity.

Volunteers in Parks (VIP): Volunteers in Parks are individuals that have chosen to donate their time towards the support of the mission of the National Park Service. A VIP is anyone who performs work for the NPS under a current, signed volunteer agreement.

3 Responsibilities

The following positions have responsibility for implementation of the Structural Fire Management Plan for Yellowstone.

3.1 Park Superintendent

The Superintendent shall have overall responsibility for the implementation and management of the Park structural fire management program and approval of the Park Plan. Directs and delegates implementation of the Park’s structural fire protection policies through the Park Division Chiefs. Develops and maintains the Park Compendium, outlining transportation access, road closures, and fire apparatus access and restrictions.

The Superintendent shall appoint the Structural Fire Chief as the Park’s liaison between the Park and the regional structural fire management office.

3.2 Regional Structural Fire Management Officer (RSFMO)

The RSFMO is appointed as the regional AHJ by the Regional Director. The RSFMO is responsible for the Regional Structural Fire Management Program, communicating and providing direction to Parks on national fire management policy and program requirements.

3.3 Occupational Safety and Health Manger

The Occupational Safety and Health Manager (Safety Services) is responsible for identifying all requirements from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) affecting the Structural Fire Management Program.

The Park Safety Officer serves as advisor to Fire Chief on occupational safety and health issues.

The Occupational Safety and Health Manger assists the Fire Chief in providing training which complies with OSHA Standards and provides data and reports of unsafe conditions related to structural fire safety.

3.4 Park Chief Ranger

Responsible for addressing structural fire program issues at the leadership team level.

3.5 Fire Chief, Structural Fire Department (Structural Fire Chief) The Fire Chief provides direct operational management and supervision of the Park Structural Fire Management Program and is responsible for overseeing the drafting and updating of the Park Plan as needed.

The Fire Chief has oversight of the internal programs and policies that improve and expand the unit’s structural fire program into one that builds mutually beneficial partnerships with the public.

3.6 Deputy Fire Chief, Structural Fire Department (Deputy Fire Chief) The Deputy Fire Chief provides direct operational management and supervision of the Park Structural Fire Management Program. The Deputy Fire Chief is responsible for drafting and updating the Park Plan as needed.

3.7 Park Fire Management Officer

The Park Fire Management Officer provides oversight for all wildland fire and aviation activities within the Park.

The Park Fire Management Officer provides the Fire Chief with input as it pertains to Wildland Urban Interface administrative and operational policy and procedures.

3.8 Park Chief of Facility Management

The Park Chief of Facility Management assists in establishing contracts for the inspection, maintenance, and testing of all fire suppression and detection systems, and fire extinguishers, identifies a facilities/maintenance liaison for any fire suppression and alarm system issues, is responsible for the mitigation of identified fire and life safety deficiencies, ensures that NPS adopted codes and standards are followed during facility design and construction, alteration, rehabilitation, and renovation, and ensures that the Structural Fire Chief has reviewed and approved all plans for new construction, alteration, renovation, or rehabilitation.

3.9 Park Concessions Manager

The Park Concessions Manager (PCM) is responsible for ensuring that all concessions contracts include explicit language regarding the Park structural fire and life safety practices and policies. The PCM ensures all concessioners comply with Park structural fire and life safety requirements. The PCM ensures all concessions’ proposed construction, renovation, rehabilitation, alteration, and fire detection and suppression systems meet all NFPA codes and applicable standards. These shall be reviewed and approved by the Fire Chief prior to the beginning of work.

3.10 Park Housing Officer

The Park Housing Officer (PHO) notifies the office of the Fire Chief of pending occupancies and schedules a pre-occupancy fire inspection.

The PHO also ensures Park housing units have been inspected by a structural fire program representative prior to being released for occupancy. The PHO distributes fire prevention and safety information, and emergency notification procedures to new occupants, and notifies the Fire Chief of observed or reported fire and life safety hazards in housing.

3.11 Senior Supervisors

Senior supervisors are responsible for the following fire prevention activities within their facility. When multiple senior supervisors reside in the same facility, the Park Structural Fire Chief will appoint one supervisor as the person responsible. Responsibilities include:

• The development and revision of an Emergency Action Plan (Fire Event Procedure) for the facility in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38, 1910.39, and NFPA 101. (See Appendix, 37.6)

• An annual general safety inspection, more frequently if indicated by hazardous conditions, to ensure compliance with 29 CFR 1960.25(c).

• A fire prevention orientation of assigned workers, custodians, and supervisors. A workplace survey to ensure that all work areas are left in a fire-safe condition at the end of each day (coffee pots, heaters, fans, etc. turned off).

• The identification of a person(s) and supervisor responsible for fire prevention inspections and practices in facilities, rooms, or areas which are under lock and key.

• The maintenance of exit and passageway areas to ensure that both are kept clear of storage or obstruction and to ensure exit doors are not locked during occupied hours.

• Monthly fire extinguisher visual inspection.

• Periodic fire (building evacuation) drills.

• Ensuring exits are unlocked, clear of obstructions, illuminated exit signs are operational.

• Ensuring workplace is kept free of trash accumulation and that flammable liquids are properly stored.

• Electrical equipment is used for its intended purpose and extension cords are the proper size.

• Heating and cooking appliances are used properly and turned off after use and after work hours.

4 Organization

4.1 Positions

4.1.1 Structural Fire Chief

The Structural Fire Chief is responsible for monitoring or fulfilling the requirements of DO-58, RM-58, and implementing the Park’s SFMP. The Structural Fire Chief will develop programs that meet the needs of and improve the Park’s structural fire program, building workable partnerships within the Park and with members of the larger fire service community, and ensure that mutual aid and cooperative response programs are developed.

The Structural Fire Chief is also responsible for the leadership, development, counseling, and training of the Park’s fire department members.

The Structural Fire Chief develops and administers an annual budget, revenue sources, and funding mechanisms that reflect the unit’s needs, organizational goals, and budget guidelines.

The Structural Fire Chief will administer the Park’s fire prevention and response program to ensure:

• Annual structure fire safety inspections are conducted.

• Inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire protection and life safety systems and equipment is conducted.

• Building/facility emergency evacuation plans, and procedures are implemented.

• Emergency response plan is implemented.

• Fire department access is provided.

• Fire prevention education and training is conducted.

• Training, qualification, and certification of all Park structural firefighters comply with RM-58.

• All Park engine company operations comply with RM-58.

• Required fire drills are conducted.

• Will review plans for building construction and alterations to existing buildings.

• Will review plans for installation and modification of fire protection systems.

• Fire safety is provided during building construction, alterations, and demolition.

• Fire cause and origin investigations are conducted.

The Structural Fire Chief will ensure fire protection equipment is installed in compliance…