Attachment_1_ForestRestorationImplementationPlan.pdf

Camp Rilea

Forest Restoration

Implementation Plan Prepared by

Dylan Dunlap, Dunlap Forest Contracting, R&R Contracting

For the Oregon Military Department (OMD)

5/5/2026

Table Of Contents

Goals 3

Location 4

Data Collection and Findings 5

Prescriptions and Implementation 7

Notifications and Permits 20

Safety Considerations 22

Maps 23

Goals This forest restoration plan has been designed in coordination with OMD staff to serve several different purposes. Through proper implementation of this plan, the forest at Camp Rilea will achieve the following goals:

• Enhanced training grounds, offering transitions in vegetation and visibility.

• Maneuverability for training formation changes.

• Ecosystem improvement by use of native trees and vegetation in areas where they have been previously removed or outcompeted by invasive species.

• Thinning of unhealthy or invasive trees and vegetation.

• Improved habitat for native animal species.

• Reduced fire danger in shooting range back stops.

• Comply with all laws outlined in the Oregon Forest Practices Act (OFPA).

There is a temporal element to achieving these goals, as it will take years to achieve the desired future conditions. It is important to consider how the forest will change and the adaptations that will need to be made throughout the project’s duration.

Location The project forest is located at the Camp Rilea Armed Forces Training Center (Camp Rilea), 33168 Patriot Way, Warrenton, OR 97146. Camp Rilea is located between the Pacific Ocean and Highway 101. The property spans almost three miles of beach from north to south and is just over a mile wide at its widest point. Land use and types vary greatly throughout Camp Rilea. To the west, there is beach and heavily saturated swamps with a closed canopy. As you move more inland, the ground and canopy transition to sporadic openings and dryer soil. Vegetation and tree spacing are also inconsistent in these areas.

The central/south eastern portion of Camp Rilea is the Cantonment area, where the primary facilities are located.

For the purposes of this plan, the working areas are broken into four different priority areas.

Each priority area has multiple forest types from open meadows to heavily overstocked trees and vegetation. Work should be completed sequentially in the order of the priority area numbers, starting with 1. Priority area (PA) 1 is furthest north, with PA 2 being slightly further south from that. PA 3 is the furthest south, with PA 4 being just north.

Data Collection and Findings Sampling

Prior to writing prescriptions, sufficient information was needed in order to replicate desired conditions. Exemplary training areas were identified by OMD staff and utilized as models for other training areas that did not have those conditions. Within these areas, data was collected to assist in replicating the desired conditions across other training areas (TAs). The areas most portraying desired conditions were TA 006, TA 010, and TA 001.

Within the TA-s, 35 survey plots were taken with a radius of 1/50th of an acre. Data was collected with the intent of identifying the density and species of trees and vegetation in exemplary areas. Information collected included:

• Location (training area)

• Plot #

• Tree Species

• Tree Count

• Snag Count

• Tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)

• Tree Height

• Predominant Vegetation Type and Coverage %

• Ground Vegetation Coverage %

• Large Woody Debris (4” Diameter+)

• Visibility Classification

• Additional Notes

Results

Data collected in the plot samples showed correlations in trees per acre (TPA) and vegetation coverage percentage for each visibility class. Three visibility classes were established based on visibility distance (in meters) within the plot. The classes are:

• 5-10m

• 30-50m

• 50-100m

Impediments to visibility were caused by two factors which were trees/snags, and brushy vegetation. Several different tree species were noted including shore pine (Pinus contorta), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), red alder (Alnus rubra), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). The most prominent by far were shore pine and Sitka spruce. As for visibility impeding vegetation, a variety of species were found including English holly (Ilex aquifolium), red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), cascara buckthorn (Frangula purshiana), etc. All survey data is available in the supplementary “Camp Rilea Plot Card” Excel spreadsheet.

In order to develop thinning and planting prescriptions, the collected data was analyzed for trends in tree spacing and vegetation density. For each visibility class, TPA was calculated (including snags for the purpose of visibility) to determine ideal tree stocking. Brushy vegetation presence was collected based on the % of visibility reduction within the plot caused by brushy plants and shrubs. The breakdown of TPA and vegetation coverage percentage for each visibility class is the following:

The data analysis revealed an obvious trend: the lower the visibility, the higher the TPA and vegetation coverage. The visibility classes and their respective tree and plant densities were used to craft prescriptions for implementation of this plan.

This data was collected in areas with mature stand conditions. Trees had an average DBH of 15.3” and an average height of 56.6’. The areas where work will be performed do not resemble these conditions, so it may take several entries of each activity to achieve the desired outcomes. Stand conditions within the project area were derived from the 2021 AKS Forest Management Plan. The Management Plan was not used to develop figures for desired future conditions.

TPA Veg. Coverage % TPA Veg. Coverage % TPA Veg. Coverage % 317 58.3 232 17.6 130 8

Visibility Class Breakdown 5-10m 30-50m 50-100m

Prescriptions and Implementation Ideally the implementation of these prescriptions will be carried out to the exact specifications of this plan, though it is unlikely that conditions are met without challenges.

If any deviations from this plan are required to achieve the desired future conditions, the contractor should gain approval from OMD staff and ensure compliance with the OFPA.

Operations should begin slowly, allowing time for crew leads and OMD staff to ensure proper application of each prescription.

Tree and vegetation retention will depend on the use and goals of each priority area. In all four PAs, improvement of forest health is a focus. This will be achieved through the thinning of overstocked trees and vegetation making resources more available. It will also be achieved through promotion of biodiversity by planting desired species and thinning undesired trees and vegetation. Other goals specific to each PA include the reduction of wildfire risk (PAs 2 and 4 only), and optimization of ground maneuver training (certain areas within PAs 1, 2, and 3).

Improving TAs for ground maneuverability will rely on desired visibility and transitions. The standard visibility is 30-50m but transitions to 5-10m of visibility are necessary every 200- 300m, or every 3-4 acres. Open areas and meadows provide visibility up to a few hundred meters, which are also important for training. See the “Training Area Example” below for reference on visibility class transitions.

Wildfire fuel reduction will be achieved through thinning and pruning. Tree spacing will be increased in the fuel reduction area to improve firefighting mobility and reduce overall fuel load. Remaining trees will have their branches pruned up to 4’ off the ground. All thinned trees, branches, and vegetation will be removed from the area for the same reasons stated above.

200-300 M

Training Area Example

5-10M Visibility

30-50M Visibility

100-200M Visibility

Road 0'-1"

1 Inch Equals 200M

Priority Area 1

PA 1 spans 5 different TAs- TA 007, TA 008, TA 009, TA 011, TA 012. Each TA has different densities with TA 009 and TA 012 being somewhat open, with pockets of tightly packed Shore Pine. TA 007, TA 008, and TA 011 are very overstocked Shore Pine stands with dense underbrush. Thinning will be required throughout all of PA 1, but planting should only be needed in TA 009 and TA 012. The combined average TPA for these areas was estimated around 1,171 per the 2021 AKS Management Plan.

Thinning Prescription:

Thinning can be done year-round, though due to fire precautions and labor constraints within the industry, it is typically performed during the spring. Trees and shrubs should NOT be retained in plantation style with a perfectly spaced grid. They should instead be retained with variable spacing while following per acre stocking standards. Foremen/crew leads, in coordination with OMD staff, should establish locations for 5-10m visibility transition bands every 200-300m, or every 3-4 acres.

Initial Treatment:

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m and 30-50m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 10’ x 10’ (436 TPA). Any lower density may result in lack of wind firmness since the trees currently rely on each other for support.

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Subsequent Treatment (after trees have had time to become windfirm, 7-8 years):

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 11.5’ x 11.5’ (330 TPA).

• For areas with a desired future condition of 30-50m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 13’ x 13’ (258 TPA).

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Target unhealthy, visibly defective, small, and tightly spaced (or any other characteristic defined by OMD) Shore Pine and Sitka Spruce. For brushy vegetation, target removal of Scotch broom, English holly, cascara buckthorn, and salmonberry, *NOTE: do not chip invasive species such as Scotch broom. The chipped material may be used to mulch around seedlings and should be weed free to reduce the establishment of competitive vegetation.* Retain wax myrtle and huckleberry species where possible. Hard packed soil conditions allow for thinned trees and vegetation to be masticated or chipped in place throughout most of the PA. Dense vegetation and possibly saturated soil conditions may make chipping in place difficult in TA 008. Trees and vegetation can be removed by hand or machine, such as skid steer or tractor. If machines are utilized, the operator must minimize soil damage. The vehicle and chipper combination must also aim to minimize soil disturbance.

Thinned material may be piled for burning in locations where safe distance from live trees can be maintained. Hand piles should be 6’ x 6’ x 6’ in size and at least 12’ away from live trees. Machine piles may reach a size of 12’ x 12’ x 12’ but must be constructed on flat ground, at least 50’ away from live trees. All piles should have a 4’ x 4’ wax paper tarp covering ignition fuels. Due to environmental concerns, plastic tarps should not be utilized. Materials with a diameter greater than 10” should be chipped to reduce long burning fuels in slash piles.

Significant amounts of Scotch broom slash are present in PA 1 as a result of the Scotch Broom Removal Project. Though the Scotch broom has been cut and the stems sprayed, the biomass remains in the project area and significantly impedes training maneuverability. Several methods may be utilized to manage the Scotch broom slash which include mastication, piling and burning, and manual lopping with chainsaws.

Contractor and OMD staff should collaborate to decide which method is most suitable. If machines are utilized, the operator must minimize soil damage.

Due to the extensive seedbank remaining after the Scotch broom treatment, germination of new Scotch broom plants is expected. To mitigate the potential of Scotch broom dominating again, a foliar spot spray is recommended. Scotch broom seedlings should be treated annually with 3% Garlon 3A.

Planting Prescription:

In areas where planting occurs, mowing of Scotch broom and grass will no longer be operationally feasible and other treatment methods will need to be utilized. These areas should undergo a site prep treatment such as broadcast spray with 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch Broom or Glyphosate for grasses prior to being planted. The site prep should occur during the late summer to mid fall prior to winter planting. Site prep may also be done by grubbing away rows of sod down to bare soil with a hazel hoe.

Planting should occur during the winter months, when weather conditions are suitable for planting (cool enough for ample soil moisture to be present). This will also allow time for seedlings to establish in the soil prior to the spring and summer when the soil dries. To ensure seedlings are available for planting during the correct time of year, the proper quantity of stock should be reserved the summer prior to planting. For both trees and shrubs, scalp away debris and organic material to create a 12” diameter ring of soil. Trees and shrubs should NOT be planted in plantation style with a perfectly spaced grid. They should instead be planted with variable spacing while following per acre stocking standards. Foremen/crew leads, in coordination with OMD staff, should establish locations for 5-10m visibility transition bands every 200-300m, or every 3-4 acres.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at an average spacing of 10’x10’ (436 TPA).

Compared to shore pine, both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at an average spacing of 10’x10’, 5’ from each tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 30-50m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at a spacing of 11’x11’ (360 TPA). Both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at a spacing of 22’x22’, 5.5’ from every other tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Consider spreading chipped organic material around newly planted seedlings during initial planting for moisture retention and reduction of competitive vegetation. The chips should be spread around 6-8” in radius around the base of the tree. This may yield better results in particularly sandy soils. If this is not done initially, and there are high rates of mortality among planted trees due to weather conditions, chipped organic material should be spread around newly planted seedlings during interplanting.

The elk and deer populations at Camp Rilea are considerably large and pose a threat to the success of planted seedlings. To reduce browse from elk and deer, OMD should consider installing bud caps to protect the terminal bud which drives upward growth, or mesh tubes encapsulating the tree that are supported by bamboo rods. Bamboo rods without tubes may also be installed next to seedlings to mark their location for subsequent maintenance.

Shortly after planting, 1-3 years of release treatments may be needed to ensure survival of desired seedlings. Release treatments, which should occur in the spring, may include chemical application or mechanical treatment. For chemical application, a prescription of 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch broom or Glyphosate for grasses as a circle or row spray is recommended. Mechanical methods such as a string trimmer or a small field/brush cutter may also be utilized.

Priority Area 2

PA 2 spans TA 005, TA 007, and TA 009. Both have similar stand conditions of variously spaced Shore Pine and Sitka Spruce with open meadows of grassy understory. Thinning will be required throughout all of PA 2, but planting will only be needed in TA 007 and TA

009. The combined average TPA for these areas was estimated around 1,171 per the 2021 AKS Management Plan.

Thinning Prescription:

Thinning can be done year-round, though due to fire precautions and labor constraints within the industry, it is typically performed during the spring.

• Thin trees to 110 TPA (20-foot spacing). Target unhealthy, visibly defective, small, and tightly spaced (or any other characteristic defined by OMD) Shore Pine. The Sitka Spruce located in this PA are more wind tolerant and serve as a good bullet stop compared to Shore Pine. Retain trees that are firmly rooted, with high likelihood of surviving a high wind event. Prune retained trees by cutting all branches up to 4’ off of the ground. For brushy vegetation, target removal of Scotch broom, English holly, cascara buckthorn, and salmonberry. *NOTE: do not chip invasive species such as Scotch broom. The chipped material may be used to mulch around seedlings and should be weed free to reduce the establishment of competitive vegetation.* All thinned trees, branches, shrubs, and downed wood will be removed from the area (TA 005) and chipped, masticated or piled to reduce fuel load. Trees and vegetation can be removed by hand or machine, such as skid steer or tractor. If machines are utilized, the operator must minimize soil damage. TA 005 has a slope of 12-35%, the steepest of all project areas. Skid roads along the slope may be utilized to remove material to the road.

NOTE: trees may contain bullets

All thinned material should be removed from the PA. Once removed, it may be piled for burning in designated locations where safe distance from live trees can be maintained.

Piling material should be done in coordination with OMD staff. Hand piles should be 6’ x 6’ x 6’ in size and at least 12’ away from live trees. Machine piles may reach a size of 12’ x 12’ x 12’ but must be constructed on flat ground, at least 50’ away from live trees. All piles should have a 4’ x 4’ wax paper tarp covering ignition fuels. Due to environmental concerns, plastic tarps should not be utilized. Materials with a diameter greater than 10” should be chipped to reduce long burning fuels in slash piles.

Planting Prescription:

In areas where planting occurs, mowing of Scotch broom and grass will no longer be operationally feasible and other treatment methods will need to be utilized. These areas should undergo a site prep treatment such as broadcast spray with 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch Broom or Glyphosate for grasses prior to being planted. The site prep should occur during the late summer to mid fall prior to winter planting. Site prep may also be done by grubbing away rows of sod down to bare soil with a hazel hoe.

Planting should occur during the winter months, when weather conditions are suitable for planting (cool enough for ample soil moisture to be present). This will also allow time for seedlings to establish in the soil prior to the spring and summer when the soil dries. To ensure seedlings are available for planting during the correct time of year, the proper quantity of stock should be reserved the summer prior to planting. For both trees and shrubs, scalp away debris and organic material to create a 12” diameter ring of soil. Trees and shrubs should NOT be planted in plantation style with a perfectly spaced grid. They should instead be planted with variable spacing while following per acre stocking standards. Foremen/crew leads, in coordination with OMD staff, should establish locations for 5-10m visibility transition bands every 200-300m, or every 3-4 acres.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at an average spacing of 10’x10’ (436 TPA).

Compared to shore pine, both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at an average spacing of 10’x10’, 5’ from each tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 30-50m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at a spacing of 11’x11’ (360 TPA). Both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at a spacing of 22’x22’, 5.5’ from every other tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Consider spreading chipped organic material around newly planted seedlings during initial planting for moisture retention and reduction of competitive vegetation. The chips should be spread around 6-8” in radius around the base of the tree. This may yield better results in particularly sandy soils. If this is not done initially, and there are high rates of mortality among planted trees due to weather conditions, chipped organic material should be spread around newly planted seedlings during interplanting.

The elk and deer populations at Camp Rilea are considerably large and pose a threat to the success of planted seedlings. To reduce browse from elk and deer, OMD should consider installing bud caps to protect the terminal bud which drives upward growth, or mesh tubes encapsulating the tree that are supported by bamboo rods. Bamboo rods without tubes may also be installed next to seedlings to mark their location for subsequent maintenance.

Shortly after planting, 1-3 years of release treatments may be needed to ensure survival of desired seedlings. Release treatments, which should occur in the spring, may include chemical application or mechanical treatment. For chemical application, a prescription of 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch broom or Glyphosate for grasses as a circle or row spray is recommended. Mechanical methods such as a string trimmer or a small field/brush cutter may also be utilized.

Priority Area 3

PA 3 is located within TA 001 with a small portion in TA 002. It is primarily comprised of large open meadows, overly stocked and heavily vegetated Shore Pine stands, and mature forest with well-spaced trees and very little understory brush. Planting of trees and shrubs will be needed in the open meadows while planting of just shrubs will be needed in the mature forest type area. The mature forest type has an estimated 164 TPA per the AKS management Plan. The overstocked stand will require thinning. The average TPA for the overstocked area was estimated around 1,171 per the 2021 AKS Management Plan.

Thinning Prescription:

Thinning can be done year-round, though due to fire precautions and labor constraints within the industry, it is typically performed during the spring. Trees and shrubs should NOT be retained in plantation style with a perfectly spaced grid. They should instead be retained with variable spacing while following per acre stocking standards. Foremen/crew leads, in coordination with OMD staff, should establish locations for 5-10m visibility transition bands every 200-300m, or every 3-4 acres.

Initial Treatment:

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m and 30-50m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 10’ x 10’ (436 TPA). Any lower density may result in lack of wind firmness since the trees currently rely on each other for support.

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Subsequent Treatment (after trees have had time to become windfirm, 7-8 years):

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 11.5’ x 11.5’ (330 TPA).

• For areas with a desired future condition of 30-50m visibility, thin trees to a spacing of 13’ x 13’ (258 TPA).

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Target unhealthy, visibly defective, small, and tightly spaced (or any other characteristic defined by OMD) Shore Pine and Sitka Spruce. For brushy vegetation, target removal of Scotch broom, English holly, cascara buckthorn, and salmonberry, *NOTE: do not chip invasive species such as Scotch broom. The chipped material may be used to mulch around seedlings and should be weed free to reduce the establishment of competitive vegetation.* Retain wax myrtle and huckleberry species where possible. Hard packed soil conditions allow for thinned trees and vegetation to be chipped or masticated in place throughout most of the PA. Trees and vegetation can be removed by hand or machine, such as skid steer or tractor. If machines are utilized, the operator must minimize soil damage. The vehicle and chipper combination must also aim to minimize soil disturbance.

Thinned material may be piled for burning in locations where safe distance from live trees can be maintained. Hand piles should be 6’ x 6’ x 6’ in size and at least 12’ away from live trees. Machine piles may reach a size of 12’ x 12’ x 12’ but must be constructed on flat ground, at least 50’ away from live trees. All piles should have a 4’ x 4’ wax paper tarp covering ignition fuels. Due to environmental concerns, plastic tarps should not be utilized. Materials with a diameter greater than 10” should be chipped to reduce long burning fuels in slash piles.

Planting Prescriptions:

In areas where planting occurs, mowing of Scotch broom and grass will no longer be operationally feasible and other treatment methods will need to be utilized. These areas should undergo a site prep treatment such as broadcast spray with 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch Broom or Glyphosate for grasses prior to being planted. The site prep should occur during the late summer to mid fall prior to winter planting. Site prep may also be done by grubbing away rows of sod down to bare soil with a hazel hoe.

Planting should occur during the winter months, when weather conditions are suitable for planting (cool enough for ample soil moisture to be present). This will also allow time for seedlings to establish in the soil prior to the spring and summer when the soil dries. To ensure seedlings are available for planting during the correct time of year, the proper quantity of stock should be reserved the summer prior to planting. For both trees and shrubs, scalp away debris and organic material to create a 12” diameter ring of soil. Trees and shrubs should NOT be planted in plantation style with a perfectly spaced grid. They should instead be planted with variable spacing while following per acre stocking standards. Foremen/crew leads, in coordination with OMD staff, should establish locations for 5-10m visibility transition bands every 200-300m, or every 3-4 acres.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 5-10m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at an average spacing of 10’x10’ (436 TPA).

Compared to shore pine, both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at an average spacing of 10’x10’, 5’ from each tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• For areas with a desired future condition of 30-50m visibility, plant western hemlock plugs and/or Sitka spruce plugs at a spacing of 11’x11’ (360 TPA). Both species are underrepresented throughout the project area and planting plugs will likely provide for faster root system establishment than bare root stock. Red alder would have very little opportunity for success in sandy soils due to their well-drained nature and low nutrient density. Western red cedar is native to the Oregon coast but would be heavily targeted by the elk population at Camp Rilea. After the trees have established (4-6 years), plant wax myrtle at a spacing of 22’x22’, 5.5’ from every other tree. High rates of mortality among planted trees and shrubs will require interplanting. If interplanting is required, interplant to the same density. Consider variations of stock type or species if one species performs better than the other. If survival of planted trees and shrubs is high, thinning may be required and should follow the same thinning prescription above.

• Areas with a desired future condition of 50-100m or 100-200m should be left untreated.

Consider spreading chipped organic material around newly planted seedlings during initial planting for moisture retention and reduction of competitive vegetation. The chips should be spread around 6-8” in radius around the base of the tree. This may yield better results in particularly sandy soils. If this is not done initially, and there are high rates of mortality among planted trees due to weather conditions, chipped organic material should be spread around newly planted seedlings during interplanting.

The elk and deer populations at Camp Rilea are considerably large and pose a threat to the success of planted seedlings. To reduce browse from elk and deer, OMD should consider installing bud caps to protect the terminal bud which drives upward growth, or mesh tubes encapsulating the tree that are supported by bamboo rods. Bamboo rods without tubes may also be installed next to seedlings to mark their location for subsequent maintenance.

Shortly after planting, 1-3 years of release treatments may be needed to ensure survival of desired seedlings. Release treatments, which should occur in the spring, may include chemical application or mechanical treatment. For chemical application, a prescription of 3% Garlon 3A for Scotch broom or Glyphosate for grasses as a circle or row spray is recommended. Mechanical methods such as a string trimmer or a small field/brush cutter may also be utilized.

Priority Area 4

PA 4 is within TA 003 and TA 004. Both have similar stand conditions of variously spaced Shore Pine and Sitka Spruce with open meadows of grassy understory. Thinning will be required throughout all of PA 2, but no planting will be needed. The combined average TPA for these areas was estimated around 1,171 per the 2021 AKS Management Plan.

Thinning Prescription:

Thinning can be done year-round, though due to fire precautions and labor constraints within the industry, it is typically performed during the spring.

• Thin trees to 110 TPA (20-foot spacing). Target unhealthy, visibly defective, small, and tightly spaced (or any other characteristic defined by OMD) Shore Pine. Sitka Spruce serves as a good bullet stop compared to Shore Pine. Retain trees that are firmly rooted, with high likelihood of surviving a high wind event. Prune retained trees by cutting all branches up to 4’ off of the ground. For brushy vegetation, target removal of Scotch broom, English holly, cascara buckthorn, and salmonberry.

*NOTE: do not chip invasive species such as Scotch broom. The chipped material may be used to mulch around seedlings and should be weed free to reduce the establishment of competitive vegetation.* All thinned trees, branches, shrubs, and downed wood will be removed from the area (TA 003 and TA 004) and chipped, masticated, or piled to reduce fuel load. Trees and vegetation can be removed by hand or machine, such as skid steer or tractor. If machines are utilized, the operator must minimize soil damage.

NOTE: trees may contain bullets

All thinned material should be removed from the PA. Once removed, it may be piled for burning in designated locations where safe distance from live trees can be maintained.

Piling material should be done in coordination with OMD staff. Hand piles should be 6’ x 6’ x 6’ in size and at least 12’ away from live trees. Machine piles may reach a size of 12’ x 12’ x 12’ but must be constructed on flat ground, at least 50’ away from live trees. All piles should have a 4’ x 4’ wax paper tarp covering ignition fuels. Due to environmental concerns, plastic tarps should not be utilized. Materials with a diameter greater than 10” should be chipped to reduce long burning fuels in slash piles.

Notifications and Permits Notification of operations is required for certain activities under the OFPA. For this project, use of chainsaws, chippers, and heavy equipment requires notification through the Forest Activity Electronic Notification and Reporting System (FERNS). This is because they qualify as power-driven machinery which is required to be notified. There are several resource concerns related to these activities within the working area. Resource protection is addressed in the following written plan that was submitted with the notification through

FERNS.

Written Plan and NOAP

Dylan Dunlap dylan@dunlapforestcontracting.com

Subject: Camp Rilea Forest Restoration Plan - Thinning Address: 33168 Patriot Way Warrenton, OR 97146

To whom it may concern, This written plan addresses resource protections for forest restoration operations at the Camp Rilea Armed Forces Training Center. Protected resource sizes and classifications were determined utilizing the Oregon Department of Forestry FPA Streams and Steep Slopes model.

Poorly spaced and unhealthy trees and vegetation will be felled and chipped or piled, essentially acting as a thorough pre-commercial thinning.

Several unnamed small fish streams fall within the project area. Other protected resources within the project area include Slusher Lake, which is greater than 8 acres, and several large wetlands greater than 8 acres.

Trees and vegetation adjacent to the protected resources will be felled in a way which minimizes the risk of entering streams, lakes, or wetlands. Any tree that disturbs a protected resource will be removed from the protected resource.

The operator, R&R Contracting, will review this plan with the landowner, Oregon Military Department, prior to the start of the operation.

Thank you, Dylan Dunlap

2/10/2026

Safety Considerations All work related to this project should be carried out safely. Beyond normal forestry-related safety challenges, there are several safety considerations specific to this project:

• Bullets in trees- Within PAs 2 and 4, trees serving as bullet stops beyond firing ranges may contain bullets. Chipping trees with bullets in them may cause metal shrapnel to become projectiles posing a serious safety risk. Any tree deemed to be unsafe for chipping should be reduced/disposed of in a method approved by both the crew and OMD staff.

• Live fire ranges- PAs 2 and 4 are within the surface danger zone (SDZ) where there may be live fire during working hours. The crew should coordinate with OMD staff to assign when and where work will be completed. This will ensure operations are out of the way of training.

• Snags/danger trees- Standing dead trees and other various trees posing danger to the crew may be found throughout the working area. These may be felled by the crew with OMD staff approval. Any snags or danger trees that the crew does not feel comfortable falling or working around, can be felled by OMD Fire staff.

Maps

0 400200 Meters

0 2,0001,000 Feet

Map Date: 27 April 2026 Map Author: Carl Anderson Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Vantor, Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, Oregon State Parks, State of Oregon GEO, WA State Parks GIS, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/ NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS

Camp Rilea Forest Management Proposed Project Priority Areas

TA 08

TA 12

TA 13

TA 10

TA 07

TA 09

TA 05

TA 06

TA 04

TA 03

TA 01

TA 11

TA 02

Legend

Priority Area 1

Priority Area 2

Priority Area 3

Priority Area 4

Training Site Proposals - Clipped to Priority Areas

Pre-Commercial Thin for Maneuver Training

Fuel Reduction

Plant for 30-50m Visibility

Plant for 5-10m Visibility

Seasonal Wetland

Trail - Open Area

Year-Round Wetland

Site Boundary

Training Areas

SDZ Extent

0 200100

0 1,000500 Feet

Map Date: 27 April 2026 Map Author: Carl Anderson Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Vantor, Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, Oregon State Parks, State of Oregon GEO, WA State Parks GIS, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/ NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS

Camp Rilea Forest Management Proposed Project Priority Area 1

TA 08

TA 12

TA 13

TA 10

TA 07

TA 09

TA 05

TA 11

Legend

Priority Area 1 - 133.3 Acres

Functional Units

UF1 - 97.8 Acres

UF4 - 35.5 Acres

Site Boundary

Training Areas

SDZ Extent

Wetlands

Training Site Proposals - Clipped to Priority Areas

Pre-Commercial Thin

Plant for 30-50m Visibility

Plant for 5-10m Visibility

Seasonal Wetland

Trail - Open Area

0 1,000500 Feet

Map Date: 27 April 2026 Map Author: Carl Anderson Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Vantor, Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, Oregon State Parks, State of Oregon GEO, WA State Parks GIS, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/ NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS

Camp Rilea Forest Management Proposed Project Priority Area 2

TA 08

TA 10

TA 07

TA 09

TA 05

TA 06

TA 04

TA 03

Legend

Priority Area 2 - 59.4 Acres

Functional Units

UF1 - 32.3 Acres

UF4 - 27.1 Acres

Site Boundary

Training Areas

SDZ Extent

Wetlands

Training Site Proposals - Clipped to Priority Areas

Pre-Commercial Thin

Fuel Reduction

Plant for 30-50m Visibility

0 1,000500 Feet

Map Date: 27 April 2026 Map Author: Carl Anderson Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Vantor, Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, Oregon State Parks, State of Oregon GEO, WA State Parks GIS, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/ NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS

Camp Rilea Forest Management Proposed Project Priority Area 3

TA 04

TA 03

TA 01

TA 02

Legend

Priority Area 3 - 65.9 Acres

Functional Units

UF1 - 2 Acres

UF3 - 34.1 Acres

UF4 - .26 Acres

UF6 - 1.5 Acres

Open Meadow - 28 Acres

Site Boundary

Training Areas

SDZ Extent

Wetlands

Training Site Proposals - Clipped to Priority Areas

Pre-Commercial Thin

Plant for 30-50m Visibility

Seasonal Wetland

0 8040

0 400200 Feet

Map Date: 27 April 2026 Map Author: Carl Anderson Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10N

Microsoft, Vantor, Esri, NASA, NGA, USGS, Oregon State Parks, State of Oregon GEO, WA State Parks GIS, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA, USFWS

Camp Rilea Forest Management Proposed Project Priority Areas

TA 05

TA 06

TA 04

TA 03

TA 01

TA 02

Legend

Priority Area 4 - 145.4 Acres

Functional Units

UF4 - 46.2 Acres

Site Boundary

Training Areas

SDZ Extent

Wetlands

Training Site Proposals - Clipped to Priority Areas

Fuels Reduction