Att_C_M4P1_Project_Specifications.pdf

COUNTY OF SACRAMENTO

Department of Waste Management and Recycling

CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS

FOR

MODULE 4, PHASE 1 BASE LINER SYSTEM

KIEFER LANDFILL

Project Manager: Rachel Davis, P.E.

Sacramento County Department of Waste Management and Recycling

(916) 876-9425 davisrac@saccounty.net

Bidding Documents, Contract Requirements, and Technical Specifications

CONTRACT NO. 4462

August 2019

NOTE: The County of Sacramento Standard Construction Specifications, revised January 2016 are hereby made a part of these Specifications. The Standard Construction Specifications may be downloaded at http://www.saccountyspecs.net.

DOUG SLOAN, DIRECTOR

DEPARTMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING

ATTACHMENT C

mailto:%20davisrac@saccounty.net http://www.saccountyspecs.net/

CONTRACT 4462

MODULE 4, PHASE 1 BASE LINER SYSTEM

KIEFER LANDFILL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

00020 Notice to Contractors 00030 Proposal, Designation of Subcontractors, Bid Form 01000 Special Provisions

Specifications for the Construction of Module 4, Phase 1 Base Liner System

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGES

01010 Summary of Work 01010 - 1 to 7 01025 Measurement and Payment 01025 – 1 to 26 01035 Modification Procedures 01035 – 1 to 2 01050 Field Engineering 01050 – 1 to 2 01052 Layout of Work and Surveys 01052 - 1 to 4 01090 References 01090 - 1 to 5 01190 Health and Safety 01190 - 1 to 3 01200 Project Meetings 01200 – 1 to 4 01300 Submittals 01300 - 1 to 5 01310 Construction Schedule 01310 – 1 to 2 01400 Quality Control 01400 - 1 to 3 01500 Construction Facilities 01500 - 1 to 6 01560 Temporary Controls 01560 - 1 to 9 01600 Materials and Equipment 01600 - 1 to 2 01630 Product Options and Substitutions 01630 - 1 to 2 01700 Contract Closeout 01700 – 1 to 4 02070 Selective Demolition 02070 – 1 to 3 02110 Clearing, Grubbing, and Stripping 02110 - 1 to 2 02169 Protective Plywood Cover 02169 – 1 to 1 02200 Site Earthwork 02200 - 1 to 25 02230 Surface Water Drainage Structures 02230 - 1 to 4 02270 Erosion and Sediment Control 02270 – 1 to 6 02589 Geoelectric Leak Location Survey Support 02589 – 1 to 5 02710 Corrugated High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

02710 – 1 to 3

02711 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe 02711 - 1 to 6 02771 Geotextile 02771 - 1 to 8 02772 Geosynthetic Ballast System 02772 – 1 to 5 02774 Drainage Geocomposite 02774 – 1 to 10 02778 HDPE Geomembrane

02778 – 1 to 29 02779 Geosynthetic Clay Liner 02779 – 1 to 11

ATTACHMENT C

03300 Cast In Place Concrete 03300 - 1 to 9 15000 Mechanical System 15000 - 1 to 8 15200 Valves 15200 – 1 to 6 16000 Electrical Work 16000 - 1 to 24

Kiefer Landfill Module 4, Phase 1 Base Liner System DIVISION 2 - SITEWORK

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SECTION 02778

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes furnishing and installing the 60-mil single sided and double-sided textured HDPE geomembrane for the composite liner system in accordance with the Specifications and the Construction Drawings.

1.2 Related Sections:

A. Section 02200 — Site Earthwork.

B. Section 02771 – Geotextile.

C. Section 02774 – Geocomposite.

D. Section 02779 – Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL).

1.3 REFERENCES

A. ASTM International, latest version:

1. ASTM D638 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.

2. ASTM D1004 - Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting.

3. ASTM D1238 - Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer.

4. ASTM D1505 - Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density Gradient Technique.

5. ASTM D1603 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics.

6. ASTM D3895 - Standard Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

7. ASTM D4218 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle Furnace Technique.

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8. ASTM D4437 - Standard Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible Polymeric Sheet Geomembranes.

9. ASTM D4759 - Standard Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics.

10. ASTM D4833 / D4833M - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products.

11. ASTM D5321 / D5321M - Standard Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by Direct Shear.

12. ASTM D5397 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test.

13. ASTM D5596 - Standard Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics.

14. ASTM D5721 - Standard Practice for Air Oven Aging of Polyolefin Geomembranes.

15. ASTM D5885 - Standard Test Method for Oxidative Induction Time of Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

16. ASTM D5994 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Textured Geomembrane.

17. ASTM D6365 - Standard Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomembrane Seams using the Spark Test.

18. ASTM D6392 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo Fusion Methods.

19. ASTM D6243 / D6243M – Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method.

20. ASTM D6693 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Non-reinforced Polyethylene and Non-reinforced Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes.

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21. ASTM D7238 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Exposure of Unreinforced Polyolefin Geomembrane Using Fluorescent UV Condensation Apparatus.

22. ASTM D7466 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Asperity Height of Textured Geomembrane.

B. Geosynthetic Institute (GSI):

1. GM6 - Pressurized Air Channel Test for Dual Seamed Geomembranes.

2. GM13 - Test Methods, Properties and Testing Frequency for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Smooth and Textured Geomembranes.

3. GM19 - Seam Strength and Related Properties of Thermally Bonded Polyolefin Geomembranes.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Batch: A quantity of resin, usually the capacity of one rail car, used in the fabrication of high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane sheet. The finished sheet will be identified by a roll number corresponding to the particular quantity of resin used.

B. Bridging: The condition when geomembrane becomes suspended over its subgrade due to contraction of the material or poor installation.

C. Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Consultant: The party, independent from Manufacturer or Installer that is responsible for observing and documenting activities related to the quality assurance of production and installation of the geosynthetic components of the lining system.

D. Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Laboratory: The party, independent from the Owner, Manufacturer, Fabricator, and Installer, responsible for conducting tests on samples of geosynthetics obtained at the site.

E. Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Monitor: The site representative of the CQA Consultant.

F. Extrudate: The molten polymer which is emitted from an extruder during seaming using either extrusion fillet or extrusion flat methods. The polymer is initially in the form of a ribbon rod, bead or pellets.

G. Geomembrane Manufacturer: The party responsible for the production of the geomembrane rolls from resin and for the quality of the resin.

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H. Geomembrane: An essentially impermeable membrane used as a solid or liquid barrier. Synonymous term for flexible membrane liner (FML).

I. Geomembrane Subsurface: The soil or geosynthetic surface on which the geomembrane lies.

J. Installer: The party responsible for field handling, transporting, storing, deploying, seaming, temporary restraining (against wind), and installation of the geomembrane.

K. Panel: The unit area of geomembrane that will be seamed in the field. A panel is identified as a roll or portion of a roll without any seams.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. The Contractor shall identify the Geomembrane Manufacturer and Installer, and shall furnish the following Installer qualifications in accord with the appropriate Section:

1. Installer approval by Manufacturer.

2. Installer qualifications.

3. Personnel qualifications.

B. The Contractor shall submit the following Quality Control Documents and warranty information at the times indicated:

1. Manufacturer’s Quality Control Manual after Notice of Award.

2. Samples of Manufacturer’s material warranty and installation warranty from the Contractor after the Notice of Award.

3. Certificate of Acceptance of Geomembrane Subgrade by Contractor for each area to be covered by the geomembrane, signed by the installation supervisor, prior to the start of installation (beginning installation shall mean acceptance and approval of existing subsurface condition).

4. Quality control documentation prepared during installation, within fifteen (15) calendar days following partial completions during on-going construction.

C. The Contractor shall submit the following Manufacturer data to the CQA Officer and Engineer in accordance with Section 01300 – Submittals. The Contractor shall obtain the CQA Officer’s acceptance of applicable submittals before material shipment.

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1. Resin Data:

a. Statement of production date or dates.

b. Certification stating that resin meets Specification requirements.

c. Certification stating all resin is from the same resin supplier and is of one resin type.

d. Copy of quality control certificates issued by the resin supplier.

e. Test reports from resin supplier.

f. Laboratory test results and certification stating resin meets the Specification requirements presented in Table 02778-1.

2. Geomembrane:

a. Statement of production date or dates.

b. Laboratory test results and certification stating geomembrane meets the Specification requirements presented in Table 02778-2.

c. Certification stating all geomembrane is furnished by one Manufacturer, and all geomembrane is manufactured from one resin type obtained from one resin supplier.

d. Statement certifying that no reclaimed polymer is added to resin (other than up to 10 percent reworked geomembrane material). If reclaimed polymer is used, it must be from a similar HDPE resin as the parent material.

e. Geomembrane delivery, storage, handling, and installation instructions.

f. Provide representative samples of the geomembrane to be used for interface strength testing presented in Tables 02778-3 and Table 02778-4. Interface strength testing will be performed by the CQA Laboratory prior to final approval of the geomembrane material. Submitted geomembrane samples shall be a minimum of 1 foot by 1 foot square and come from material subjected to the other required conformance tests produced specifically for this project.

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TABLE 02778-1

PROPERTIES FOR HDPE RESIN

PROPERTY TEST

DESIGNATION

TEST

REQUIREMENTS(1) FREQUENCY

Density ASTM D1505 0.932 g/cm3 1 per Resin Lot (i.e. Batch, Railcar)

Melt Flow Index ASTM D1238 Condition E

1 g/10 minutes maximum

1 per Resin Lot (i.e. Batch, Railcar)

Note: 1 Tests are to be conducted on natural resin prior to the addition of carbon black or other color additive.

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TABLE 02778-2

PROPERTIES FOR SINGLE AND DOUBLE SIDED TEXTURED HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

PROPERTY TEST

DESIGNATION

ACCEPTANCE

VALUE

MQC

TESTING

FREQUENCY

Average Thickness (min)1

Lowest Individual Thickness1

ASTM D5994 60 mil 55 mil

Each Roll Each Roll

Asperity Height, mils2 ASTM D7466 Minimum 20 mils average measurement and as needed to meet shear strength requirements

Every 2nd Roll (Both Sides

Tested)

Density (min avg.), g/cm3 ASTM D1505 0.940 200,000 lb

Tensile Properties (min avg.) both directions ASTM D6693, Type

IV

• Yield strength (min.) 126 lb/in-width

20,000 lb

• Break strength (min.) 90 lb/in-width 20,000 lb

• Yield elongation (min.) 1.3” GL 12% 20,000 lb

• Break elongation (min.) 2.0” GL 100% 20,000 lb

Tear Resistance (min avg.) ASTM D1004, Die C 42 lb 45,000 lb

Puncture Resistance (min avg.) ASTM D4833/ D4833M 120 lb 45,000 lb

Carbon Black Content (range) 3, 4 ASTM D4218 2.0-3.0% 20,000 lb

Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D5596 Note 5 45,000 lb

SP-NCTL, (5 specimens9 ) (minimum) ASTM D5397 300 hrs Each Resin Lot

Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) (min avg) 6

Standard OIT ASTM D3895 100 minutes 200,000 lb

Or

High Pressure OIT ASTM D5885 400 minutes 200,000 lb

Oven Aging at 85 deg. C for 90 days (min avg), 6 ASTM D5721 Each Formulation

Standard OIT ASTM D3895 55 %

Or

High Pressure OIT ASTM D5885 80 %

UV Resistance retained after 1,600 hrs 7 ASTM D7238 Each Formulation

High Pressure OIT (min avg) .8 ASTM D5885 50 %

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Notes:

1. The results obtained from D5994 shall be an average of all readings taken; this result must meet or exceed the specified value for minimum average thickness. In addition, all individual readings taken to obtain the average cannot be less the specified average thickness requirement.

2. Of 10 readings, 8 out of 10 must be a minimum 18 mils, and the lowest individual ready must be 15 mils. Each side shall be tested for each sample taken from double sided textured geomembrane.

3. Other methods such as D1603 (tube furnace) or D6370 (TGA) are acceptable if an appropriate correlation to D4218 (muffle furnace) can be established.

4. Carbon black content is only measured on the black backing of the white-surfaced geomembrane, if applicable. Prior to measuring the carbon black content, the white surface shall be scrapped or ground off to avoid misrepresentative results in the final result. Contact the manufacturer for an approved method of testing.

5. Carbon black dispersion for 10 different views: All 10 in Categories 1 or 2.

6. The manufacturer has the option to select either of the OIT methods listed to evaluate the antioxidant content in the geomembrane.

7. The condition of the test shall be 20-hr. UV cycle at 75 deg. C followed by 4-hr. condensation at 60 deg. C.

8. UV resistance is based on percent retained value regardless of the original HP-OIT value.

9. All specimens shall meet the requirements as shown.

TABLE 02778-3

INTERFACE PROPERTIES1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13

BASE DOUBLE COMPOSITE LINER

NORMAL LOAD

(PSF)

REQUIRED SHEAR STRENGTH

(MINIMUM) (PSF)

5,000 900

10,000 1,750

15,000 2,525

20,000 3,200

TABLE 02778-4

INTERFACE PROPERTIES1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13

SIDE SLOPE COMPOSITE LINER

NORMAL LOAD

(PSF)

REQUIRED SHEAR STRENGTH

(MINIMUM) (PSF)

5,000 900

10,000 1,750

15,000 2,525

20,000 3,200

Notes for Tables 02778-3 and 02778-4:

1. The following sample testing configuration shall be used with testing as a multi-component or “sandwich” for:

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a. Base Double Composite Liner: Operations soil (loosely tamped in place) / 8-oz/sy non-woven geotextile filter/ drainage gravel / 12-oz/sy non-woven geotextile cushion/ 60-mil double-sided-textured HDPE geomembrane / hydrated GCL / geocomposite drainage layer / 60-mil double-sided-textured HDPE / hydrated GCL / foundation layer soil. The material orientations shall be as directed by the CQA Officer.

b. Side Slope Composite Liner: Operations soil (loosely tamped in place) / 60-mil single-sided-textured HDPE (textured side down against GCL) / hydrated GCL / foundation layer soil

2. Test the sample configurations at a frequency of two tests per configuration according to ASTM D5321 or D6243 under normal loads shown in Tables 02778-3 and 02778-4 using properly calibrated equipment.

3. Compact the foundation layer soil to 90 percent relative compaction and 3 percent above the optimum moisture content per ASTM D1557.

4. Measure and report asperity height of geomembrane (both sides for double-sided-textured geomembrane), moisture content of GCL before and after the test, and peel strength of GCL.

5. Hydrate GCL separately at 10 psi normal load for a minimum of 48 hours. Apply normal load first and then start soaking.

6. Once GCL is hydrated and sample sandwich configured and loaded to the corresponding normal stress, allow sample to consolidate at least 48 hours or until t90 is reached as measured by the √t method (ASTM D2435).

7. Spray lower surface of geocomposite, both surfaces of geomembrane, and upper surface of GCL with distilled water.

8. Apply the test normal load at 1,000 lbs. / minute.

9. Shear at 0.04 inches / minute.

10. Minimum specified post peak strengths (at 3 inches deformation) or the lower value between peak and the strength at 3 inches deformation.

11. At the completion of the test, the third party laboratory shall photograph and record the location where shearing occurred, and the general conditions of the samples.

12. The results of the test shall be reported in graphical and tabular forms including:

a. Shear force versus shear displacement curves for all design normal loads.

b. Peak and large displacement (i.e. at 3 inches shear displacement) shear strengths.

c. Friction angle and adhesion determined from the best fits to peak and post-peak shear strengths versus normal stress curves.

d. Friction angles determined as the secant to the specified normal stress point on the actual peak and the post-peak shear strength versus normal stress curves.

3. Welding Extrudate:

a. Production date or dates.

b. Manufacturer’s certification stating that the welding extrudate is of the same resin type and formulation as the geomembrane.

c. Manufacturer’s quality control test results for the welding extrudate supplied and used for this project.

D. The Contractor shall submit the following schedule and drawings to the CQA Officer for review in accordance with Section 01300 – Submittals. The

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Contractor shall obtain the CQA Officer’s acceptance of applicable submittals before geomembrane shipment.

1. An installation schedule that shall include working days, hours to be worked per day, week and per shift. Indicate any weather delay built into schedule.

2. Proposed Panel Layout Drawings that, once approved, shall be the basis for installing the geomembrane. Approved layout drawing shall be submitted to the CQA Officer in AutoCAD and PDF formats.

E. Submit the following equipment and personnel information 7 calendar days prior to installation:

1. Equipment list stating quantity and types to be used.

2. List of personnel assigned to perform the seaming operations.

F. Submit to the Engineer and CQA Officer within 15 calendar days following installation completion:

1. Certificate stating the geomembrane has been installed in accordance with the Contract Documents.

2. Manufacturer’s material warranty and the Contractor’s installation warranty.

3. Record Drawings showing measured locations of panels, seams, repairs, patches, and destructive samples. Record Drawings shall be prepared in accordance with Sections 01300 and 01052 and provided for CQA Officer’s approval.

4. Contractor shall provide copies of test results conducted to the CQA Officer.

1.6 QUALIFICATIONS

A. Installer shall be approved by the geomembrane Manufacturer.

1. Company Qualifications:

a. The installation company shall have worked in a similar capacity on at least five projects similar in complexity to the Project described in the Contract Documents with each of those projects at least 500,000 square feet in size.

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b. The installation company shall have installed a minimum of 10 million square feet of polyethylene geomembrane.

2. Personnel Qualifications:

a. Installation supervisor/field engineer shall have worked in a similar capacity on at least two jobs similar in size and complexity to the project described in the Contract Documents.

b. The master seamer shall have completed a minimum of 5,000,000 square feet of geomembrane seaming work using the type of seaming apparatus proposed for use on this Project.

c. Other seamers shall have seamed a minimum of 1,000,000 square feet of geomembrane.

1.7 QUALITY CONTROL

A. The number of resin lots utilized in the production of the geomembrane must be minimized (i.e. resin lot associated with the geomembrane contains a minimum of 40 rolls of finished product).

B. The Contractor/Installer shall not charge any time or material expenses, related to a plant visit by the CQA Consultant to visit the plant during manufacturing.

C. Render assistance as necessary for CQA Consultant to collect product samples.

1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Conform to the manufacturer’s requirements to prevent damage to geomembrane.

B. Delivery:

1. Materials shall be delivered to the site only after the CQA Consultant accepts required submittals, conformance testing results, and the interface strength test results.

2. Delivery of rolls shall be made using open flatbed trucks.

3. Manufacturer shall provide unloading straps with the rolls delivered to the site.

4. Damaged geomembrane shall be separated from undamaged geomembrane and each shall be stored at locations designated by the

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CQA Monitor until proper disposition of material is determined by CQA Officer.

5. The CQA Officer shall be the final authority regarding damage.

6. Deliver in rolls, do not fold.

7. Geomembrane delivered without proper documentation shall be stored separately until documentation is received and accepted by CQA Consultant.

8. The Geosynthetic Inventory Received Log shall be completed by the CQA Monitor during geomembrane delivery.

C. On-Site Storage:

1. The geomembrane shall be stored within the Contractors staging area or as otherwise designated by the Engineer.

2. The geomembrane shall be protected from puncture, dirt, grease, water, moisture, mud, mechanical abrasions, excessive heat, or other damage.

3. The geomembrane shall be stored on a prepared level surface, but not on wooden pallets.

4. The rolls of geomembrane may be stacked per manufacturer’s recommendation but shall not exceed three rolls in height.

D. On-Site Handling:

1. Use appropriate handling equipment to load, move, or deploy geomembrane from rolls. Appropriate handling equipment includes cloth chokers and spreader bar for loading, and spreader and roll bars for deployment. Dragging panels on ground surface shall not be permitted.

2. Do not fold geomembrane; folded geomembrane shall be rejected.

3. Contractor shall be responsible for pick-up and transporting of material from storage area to work area.

E. Damaged Geomembrane:

1. Geomembrane damage shall be documented by the CQA Monitor and Contractor/Installer.

2. Damaged geomembrane shall be repaired, if possible, in accordance with these Specifications or shall be replaced at no cost.

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1.9 WEATHER CONDITIONS

A. Geomembrane shall not be deployed when:

1. The ambient air temperature is above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or below 40°F, measured 6 inches above the geomembrane surface.

Deployment may be acceptable during prevailing warmer or colder weather conditions if the provisions for seaming, sampling, and testing per Part 3 of this section can be satisfied, and approval is received from the CQA Officer.

2. During precipitation.

3. In the presence of excessive moisture (fog, dew, mist, etc.).

4. In areas of ponded water.

5. In the presence of excessive winds (sufficient to lift panels and prohibit efficient placement of the panels).

1.10 INSTALLATION WARRANTY

A. Installation: Prior to installation, Submit manufacturers and installers written warranty against product and installation defects. Limits of liability must be accepted by the County.

B. Provide a minimum of 2 years non-prorated warranty for the installation against defects.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 GENERAL

A. The resin used in the production of the geomembrane material shall be HDPE, new, first quality, compounded and manufactured specifically for producing HDPE geomembrane. Resin types shall not be intermixed.

B. The geomembrane shall be nominal 60-mil-thick textured geomembrane (single and double sided) via blown film, coextruded, or microspiked HDPE as shown on the Construction Drawings and shall meet the latest requirements of GRI GM13 except where modified by this Specification. In addition, the Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance Laboratory must be GAI-LAP Accredited. Geomembrane resin material shall meet the requirements of Table 02778-1. Geomembrane shall meet the requirements of Table 02778-2.

C. Materials used shall be produced in North America. Material from other sources may be used with prior written approval by the Engineer or CQA Officer.

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D. Geomembrane shall be supplied in rolls, free of holes, pinholes, bubbles, blisters, excessive gels, undispersed resins, contamination by foreign matter, and nicks and cuts on roll edges. Each roll shall be identified with labels indicating at minimum: identification number, nominal thickness, length, width, manufacturer, and plant location.

E. All additives for UV protection, thermal stability, color, texturing, or processing agents must not “bloom” to the surface over time or inhibit welding.

F. The geomembrane and composite liner system shall meet the interface shear strength requirements of Table 02778-3 and Table 02778-4.

G. Welding Extrudate:

1. Extrudate used to produce extrusion welds shall be made from same resin type and formulation as the geomembrane.

2. Extrudate shall be free of contamination by moisture or foreign matter.

2.2 MANUFACTURER SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Resin:

1. Do not use post-consumer recycled materials in manufacturing.

Reworked material from manufacturing of geomembrane such as edge trim can be used up to a maximum of 10 percent of the final product.

2. Resin material shall meet the requirements of Table 02778-1. The properties shall be verified by the geomembrane manufacturer prior to utilizing the resin in manufacturing.

B. Geomembrane:

1. The geomembrane shall meet the minimum requirements of the latest version of GRI GM13 and as modified in Table 02778-2. These properties shall be verified by the geomembrane manufacturer.

2.3 EQUIPMENT

A. Welding equipment and accessories shall meet the following requirements:

1. Equipped with gauges showing temperatures both in the apparatus and at the nozzle (extrusion welder) or at the wedge (wedge welder).

2. Maintained in adequate number to avoid delaying work.

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3. Supplied by a power source capable of providing constant voltage under a combined-line load.

4. Provided with splash pad large enough to catch spilled fuel under an electric generator where operating over the liner system.

B. Tensiometers, capable of quantitatively measuring geomembrane seam strength, shall meet the following requirements:

1. Equipped with a gauge accurate to ± 2 pounds per inch (ppi) of geomembrane seam width.

2. Provided with required dies.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 SURFACE CONDITIONS

A. Examine the areas and conditions under which work of this Section shall be performed. Correct conditions detrimental to timely and proper completion of the Work. Notify the CQA Consultant of such conditions and proposed corrective actions before correcting unsatisfactory conditions. Do not proceed until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Damage to geomembrane subsurface during geomembrane deployment or other activities shall be repaired prior to installation.

B. Beginning installation shall mean acceptance and approval by the Installer of the existing subsurface condition.

3.3 DEPLOYMENT

A. It is the Installer’s responsibility that each panel deployed shall be assigned a simple and logical identifying code consistent with the submitted proposed panel layout drawings. The coding system shall be subject to approval by the CQA Monitor.

B. No more panels shall be deployed in 1 day than can be welded during that same day. Tack welding may be acceptable as a temporary measure with CQA Monitor’s approval.

C. Geomembrane shall be visually inspected during deployment for imperfections and faulty or suspect areas shall be marked for repair. At the CQA Consultant’s

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D. Deployment of the geomembrane shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Repair damage to subsurface or GCL prior to deployment of geomembrane. All foreign substances on the surface of the GCL shall be removed prior to deployment of geomembrane.

2. Geomembrane panels shall be unrolled using methods that shall not damage, stretch, or crimp the geomembrane and shall protect the underlying subsurface from damage.

3. Ballast, that shall not damage the geomembrane, shall be used to prevent uplift due to wind.

4. Methods used shall minimize wrinkles.

5. Personnel walking on the geomembrane shall not engage in activities or wear types of shoes that could damage the geomembrane. Smoking shall not be permitted while working on the geomembrane.

6. Contractor shall not allow vehicle traffic on geomembrane surface, with the exception of an approved ATV used for material deployment after CQA Officer approval. Other vehicle and equipment restrictions for travel on the geomembrane shall conform to limitations shown in Table 02200- 1.

7. Equipment shall not damage the geomembrane by handling, trafficking, leakage of hydrocarbons, or any other means. Geomembrane shall be protected in areas of heavy traffic by placing geotextile, extra geomembrane (sacrificial), or other suitable materials. Material used for protection shall be temporary and shall not be used as any part of the permanent installation.

8. Geomembrane folds shall be removed by cutting out folded material and repairing in accordance with Section 3.6, or by pulling on the geomembrane sheet adjacent to the fold. All geomembrane folds that excessively crimp or damage the material shall be cut out and repaired.

E. Sufficient material shall be provided to allow for geomembrane shrinkage and contraction.

F. It is the Contractor’s and Installer’s responsibility to take necessary measures to prevent excess condensation on the geomembrane from adversely impacting the subsurface.

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G. Geomembrane must be deployed to completely cover GCL at the end of each day.

3.4 SEAMING

A. Seams shall meet the following requirements:

1. Seams shall be oriented perpendicular to the line of the slope crest (i.e. down and not across slope).

2. Number of seams in corners, odd-shaped geometric locations, and outside corners shall be minimized.

3. No horizontal seams shall be allowed on slopes steeper than 10 horizontal to 1 vertical (10H:1V). Seams perpendicular to slopes greater than 10H:1V shall be located on flat areas at least 5 feet away from the crest or toe of the slope.

4. Seam coding system shall be compatible with panel coding system established in accordance with Article 3.3 of this Specification.

5. If seaming with a wedge welder, panels shall be shingled on all gradients such that the overlapping panel is upgradient of the underlying panel.

B. During Welding Operations:

1. At least one Master Seamer, meeting the qualifications requirements specified in Article 1.6 shall be present.

2. Other welders, meeting the qualification requirements specified in the Article 1.6, shall be provided in adequate number to avoid delaying work.

3. The Master Welder shall provide direct supervision over other welders.

C. Test Welds:

1. Test welds shall be performed on geomembrane samples to verify welding equipment operations and performance of seaming methods and conditions.

2. No welding equipment or welder shall be allowed to perform production welds until equipment and welders have successfully completed a test weld.

3. Frequency of Test Welds:

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a. Minimum of two test welds per day or shift for each welding apparatus and each technician utilizing the equipment, shall be made: one made prior to the start of work and one completed at mid shift. If equipment is shut down for longer than 1 hour an additional trial weld shall be performed.

b. Additional test welds shall be performed when requested by the CQA Monitor.

4. Test welds shall be made under the same surface and environmental conditions as the production welds (i.e. in contact with geomembrane subsurface and similar ambient temperature).

5. Each test weld sample shall be at least 3 feet long and 12 inches wide with the seam centered lengthwise.

6. Two, 1 inch wide test strips shall be cut from opposite ends of the trial weld (total of four). Two specimens shall be tested for peel strength and peel separation, and two specimens tested for shear strength utilizing the procedures outlined in ASTM D6392. Results of tests performed on the trial weld specimens shall conform to the latest version of GRI GM19 Table 1(a) for 60 mil HDPE geomembrane. The requirements are summarized in Table 02778-5:

TABLE 02778-5

PROPERTIES FOR HDPE TEST WELDS

PROPERTY TEST

DESIGNATION TEST REQUIREMENT 3

Wedge Weld 1, 2:

Peel Strength Peel Separation Shear Strength

ASTM D6392

91 lb/in 25 %

120 lb/in

Extrusion Weld 2:

Peel Strength Peel Separation

78 lb/in 25 %

120 lb/in

Notes:

1. Both tracks of the wedge weld shall be tested for peel properties.

2. 2 of 2 specimens must pass all criteria.

3. Acceptable break (failure) codes per the description outlined in ASTM D6392-12 are:

Wedge Weld = AD and AD-Brk <25 % Extrusion Weld = AD1, AD2 and AD-WLD (as long as strength is achieved)

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7. The test weld shall be repeated, in its entirety, when any of the test weld samples fail in either peel or shear.

8. When repeated test welds fail, the tested welding apparatus and welder shall not be used for welding until the reason for the failing tests is identified and corrected. A passing test weld shall be performed following correction.

D. Install geomembrane using the following general seaming procedures:

1. The surface of the geomembrane shall be clean of grease, moisture, dust, dirt, debris, or other foreign material.

2. Panels shall overlap by a minimum of 3 inches for extrusion and 4 inches for hot-wedge welds unless otherwise approved by the CQA Monitor.

3. Solvents or adhesives shall not be used unless the product is approved in writing by the CQA Officer.

4. Adequate material shall be provided to allow peel testing of both sides of a double-wedge weld.

E. The Installer shall extend welds to the outside edge of panels placed under anchor berms or in anchor trenches.

F. If required, the Installer shall be responsible for providing a firm subsurface by using a flat board, a conveyor belt, or similar hard surface directly under the seam overlap to achieve adequate support during seaming operations.

G. Adequate lighting shall be provided if seaming operations are carried out at night.

H. Fishmouths or wrinkles at seam overlaps shall be cut to achieve a flat overlap.

The cut fishmouths or wrinkles shall be extrusion welded or patched where the overlap is more than 3 inches. When there is less than 3 inches overlap, an oval or round patch extending a minimum of 6 inches beyond the cut in each direction shall be used.

I. The Installer Quality Control (QC) Technician shall log every 2 hours:

1. Temperature on the geomembrane surface.

2. Extrudate temperatures in barrel and at nozzle (extrusion welder).

3. Operating temperature of hot wedge (hot-wedge welder)

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4. Preheat temperature.

J. Ambient temperature, measured 6 inches above geomembrane surface, shall be logged every 2 hours. Geomembrane shall be deployed between ambient temperatures of 40° F to 104° F and when the relative humidity is less than 80 percent, unless other limits are approved, in writing, by the CQA Officer.

Deployment of geomembrane below 40° F shall only be allowed after it has been verified that the material can be seamed according to these Technical Specifications, and is approved by the CQA Officer. When the temperature is below 50° F, preheating by hot air device 1 inch in front of the extruder shall be provided. Special test welds may be required to verify that weather conditions are not adversely impacting seam quality.

K. Defects and Repairs:

1. The geomembrane shall be examined for defects, holes, blisters, undispersed raw materials, and any sign of contamination by foreign matter. The geomembrane surface shall be clean at the time of the examination.

2. Each suspect location shall be repaired and non-destructively tested.

Geomembrane shall not be covered at locations that have been repaired until test results with passing values are available.

L. Extrusion seaming shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Adjacent panels shall be tack bonded together using procedures that do not damage the geomembrane, allow required tests to be performed, and are not detrimental to final seaming.

2. Welding apparatus shall be purged of heat-degraded extrudate before welding.

3. The geomembrane surface shall be abraded a maximum of 1/4 inch beyond the weld bead area.

4. The geomembrane surfaces shall be cleaned of oxidation using a disc grinder, or equivalent, not more than a 1 hour before extruding seam.

5. The top edges of the geomembrane shall be beveled before extrusion welding.

6. The ends of all seams, which are more than 5 minutes old, shall be ground when restarting the weld.

7. Grinding shall not remove more than 5 percent of liner thickness.

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8. Grind marks shall be perpendicular, not parallel, to seams.

M. Hot-wedge welding shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Welding apparatus shall be automated, self-propelled, and equipped with devices giving applicable temperatures and pressures.

2. Edges of cross seams shall be ground to a smooth incline (top and bottom) prior to welding.

3. A smooth insulating plate or fabric shall be placed beneath the hot-wedge welding apparatus after usage to protect geomembrane.

4. The Contractor shall ensure that methods are used to protect against moisture build-up between geomembrane panels.

5. The Contractor shall ensure that patches are placed over the intersection of all seams in accordance with the repair procedures described in Article 3.6.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. General:

1. The Contractor shall participate in and conform to all terms and requirements of the Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan. The Installer shall be responsible for assuring this participation. Quality assurance requirements are as specified in this Section or in the CQA Plan.

B. Conformance Testing (Performed by the CQA Officer):

1. Conformance samples shall be obtained at a frequency of one sample per lot or one sample every 100,000 sf whichever produces the larger number of samples. The CQA Officer shall be responsible for obtaining samples for testing.

2. The following tests shall be performed on the conformance samples to assess geomembrane characteristics and results shall be evaluated according to ASTM D4759:

a. Thickness: ASTM D5994

b. Tensile strength and elongation: ASTM D6693

c. Puncture resistance: ASTM D4833

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d. Asperity height: ASTM D7466

e. Carbon Black Content: (ASTM D1603 Procedure B)

f. Carbon Black Dispersion: (ASTM D5596)

g. Sheet Density: (ASTM D1505)

h. Interface Shear per Table 02778-3 and Table 02778-4 (ASTM D5321 and D6243)

3. Where optional procedures are noted in the test method, the requirements of the Specifications shall prevail.

4. Additional tests may be performed to verify material or welding conformance with the Specifications (performed by the CQA Officer with assistance from the Installer). Sampling procedures shall conform to the requirements presented in the CQA Plan.

C. Field Construction Testing (Performed by Installer):

1. Installer shall non-destructively test all field seams over their full length using a vacuum test unit, air pressure (for double fusion seams only), spark testing, or other methods approved by the CQA Officer. Non-destructive testing shall be carried out as the seaming progresses and not at completion of all seaming.

2. Vacuum testing shall conform to the following requirements:

a. The equipment shall consist of the following:

1) Vacuum box assemblies consisting of a rigid housing, a transparent viewing window, a soft neoprene gasket attached to the bottom, a port hole or valve assembly, and a vacuum gauge. Two different size boxes shall be provided; one greater than 18 inches in length and the other less than 12 inches.

2) A vacuum pump assembly equipped with a pressure control.

3) A rubber pressure/vacuum hose with fittings and connections.

4) A soapy solution and an applicator.

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b. Testing shall conform to the following procedure:

1) Brush soapy solution on geomembrane.

2) Place vacuum box over the wetted seam area.

3) Ensure that a leak-tight seal is created.

4) Apply approximately 10 inches of mercury (5 psi gauge).

5) Examine the geomembrane through the viewing window for the presence of soap bubbles for not less than 10 seconds.

6) All areas where soap bubbles appear shall be marked and repaired as described in this Section.

7) Repeat procedure with a minimum 3-inch overlap.

3. Air-Pressure Testing (for double seam with an enclosed space) shall conform to the latest version of GRI GM19 and as modified herein.

a. The equipment shall consist of the following:

1) An air pump (manual or motor driven) equipped with pressure gauge capable of generating and sustaining pressure up to 50 psi and mounted on a cushion to protect the geomembrane.

2) A rubber hose with fittings and connections.

3) A sharp hollow needle, or other approved pressure feed device.

4) A pressure gauge with an accuracy of 1 psi.

b. Testing shall conform to the following procedure:

1) Seal both ends of the seam to be tested.

2) Insert needle or other approved pressure-feed device into the channel created by the double-wedge weld.

3) Energize the air pump to a minimum pressure of 30 psi close the valve, and sustain the pressure for at least 5 minutes.

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4) If pressure loss exceeds 2.0 psi or does not stabilize, locate faulty area and repair as described in this Section.

5) Puncture opposite end of the seam to release air. If blockage is present, locate and test seam on both sides of blockage. Alternatively, seam continuity can be confirmed by injecting air at one end of the channel prior o sealing the other end and observing no pressure build up.

6) Remove needle or other approved pressure-feed device and seal penetration holes by extrusion welding and patching.

4. Spark Testing for penetrations or other difficult areas not accessible for vacuum testing.

a. Equipment and Materials.

1) 24 gauge copper wire.

2) Low-amperage electric detector, 20,000 to 30,000 volt, with brush-type electrode capable of causing visible arc up to 3/4 inch from copper wire.

b. Procedures.

1) Place copper wire within 1/4 inch of the edge of extrusion seam or clamp seal.

2) Pass electrode over seam or clamp area and observe for spark. If a spark is detected perform a repair.

5. Destructive Testing (performed by the Contractor) shall conform to the following requirements:

a. Location and frequency of testing shall be as follows:

1) CQA Monitor to mark destructive test samples locations at a minimum frequency of one test per 500 feet of seam length per welding apparatus.

2) Samples shall be labelled with unique sample ID, date, machine ID, and technician.

3) Locations may be prompted by appearance of excess heating, contamination, offset welds, or suspected defect.

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The CQA Monitor shall be responsible for choosing the locations. The CQA Monitor shall not notify the Installer in advance of selecting locations where seam samples shall be taken.

4) The test frequency may be increased at the discretion of the CQA Monitor.

b. Sampling shall conform to the following procedure:

1) The Installer shall cut samples at locations designated by the CQA Monitor as the seaming progresses to obtain laboratory test results before the geomembrane is covered.

2) The Installer shall number each sample and mark the sample number and location on the as-built panel layout drawing.

c. The Installer shall be responsible for immediately repairing all holes in the geomembrane resulting from destructive sampling.

The integrity of the repair shall be non-destructively tested in accordance with this Section.

d. The destructive sample shall be 12 inches wide by 48 inches long with the seam centered lengthwise. Two 1-inch wide strips shall be cut from each end of the sample and tested and evaluated as described in Article 3.4, Paragraph C.6 and Table 02778-5. The remaining sample shall be cut into three parts for distribution as follows:

1) One portion for the Installer: 12 inches by 12 inches.

2) One portion provided to the CQA Monitor: 12 inches by 18 inches for CQA Laboratory testing. Transmit samples to Laboratory promptly following receipt.

3) One portion for the CQA Monitor to archive: 12 inches by 12 inches.

D. Laboratory testing by the CQA Laboratory shall conform to the latest version of GRI GM19 and as modified herein:

1. Five peel and five shear specimens shall be cut from each laboratory sample. The specimens shall be cut in the pattern shown in Figure 1 of

ASTM D6392.

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2. Minimum acceptable values to be obtained for these tests shall be as summarized in Table 02778-6.

TABLE 02778-6

PROPERTIES FOR HDPE FIELD WELDS

PROPERTY TEST

DESIGNATION

ACCEPTANCE

REQUIREMENT 3

Wedge Weld 1, 2:

Peel Strength

Peel Separation

Shear Elongation

ASTM D6392

91 lb/in (minimum) 25 % (maximum)

120 lb/in (minimum)

50 % (minimum)

Extrusion Weld 2:

Peel Strength

Peel Separation

Shear Elongation

78 lb/in (minimum) 25 % (maximum)

120 lb/in (minimum)

50 % (minimum)

Notes:

1. Both tracks of the wedge weld shall be tested for peel properties.

2. Four of five specimens must pass all criteria; the 5th specimen must meet at least 80% of the specified strength requirement.

3. Acceptable break (failure) codes per the description outlined in ASTM D6392 are:

Wedge Weld = AD and AD-Brk 25 % minimum Extrusion Weld = AD1, AD2 and AD-WLD (w/ strength achieved)

4. Test results from the CQA Consultant shall be provided within 48 hours after receiving samples.

E. The following procedure shall be used for a destructive test failure:

1. The Contractor shall ensure one of the following two options is followed:

a) Reconstruct the seam between any two passed test locations by removing the failed seam and replacing with new material or cap stripping.

b) Trace the weld to an intermediate location at least 10 feet minimum or to where the seam ends, in both directions from the location of the failed test. Check the next seam welded using the same welding device if required to obtain additional sample (i.e. if one side of the seam is less than 10 feet long).

2. The Contractor shall obtain four, 1-inch samples at both locations for an additional field testing.

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3. If these additional test samples pass field tests, then laboratory samples shall be taken.

4. If the laboratory samples pass, then the seam shall be reconstructed or capped between the test sample locations.

5. If any additional samples fail, then the process shall be repeated to establish the zone in which the seam shall be reconstructed.

F. Acceptable seams shall conform to the following requirements:

1. Acceptable seams shall be bounded by two locations from which samples have passed destructive tests.

2. For reconstructed seams exceeding 50 feet, a sample taken from within the reconstructed seam shall also pass destructive testing.

3. Whenever a sample fails, additional testing may be required for seams that were welded by the same welder and welding apparatus or were welded during the same shift.

G. Seams that cannot be non-destructively tested shall conform to the following requirements:

1. If the seam is accessible to testing equipment prior to final installation, the seam shall be non-destructively tested prior to final installation.

2. If the seam cannot be tested prior to final installation, the entire seam shall be cap stripped. The seaming and cap-stripping operations shall be observed by the CQA Officer.

3.6 REPAIR PROCEDURES

A. The Installer shall remove and replace all damaged geomembrane with acceptable geomembrane if damage geomembrane cannot be satisfactorily repaired.

B. Repair, removal, and replacement shall be at Installer’s expense if the damage results from the Installer’s activities.

C. Any portion of the geomembrane exhibiting a flaw, or failing a destructive or non-destructive test shall be repaired. The Installer shall be responsible for repair of damaged or defective areas. Agreement upon the appropriate repair method shall be decided between the CQA Officer, Engineer, and the Installer.

Procedures available include:

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1. Patching: Used to repair large holes (over 3/8 inch diameter),…