A.2.11.3 Attachment E USAGKA Installation Design Guide 2021-10 for DB ktr ref.pdf

Deliverable – CDRL A075 Installation Design Guide

Date - 9 October 2021

Deliverable Description/PWS Reference – Annual update to design requirements.

Changes to previous edition are annotated in Appendix I.

Issues or Questions should be directed to – Ric Morris, PE, 805-355-4970.

Carl.Morris@ammentum.com

Amentum/DynCorp International, LLC • Amentum.com • dyn-intl.com • dilogcap.com

Installation Design Guide U.S. Army Garrison - Kwajalein Atoll

FINAL REPORT

October 9, 2021

PREPARED FOR:

Department of the Army, Honolulu District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

2019 Version Prepared by G70

2021 Revision Prepared by USAG-KA Public Works Engineering i

Table of Contents

SECTION PAGE

1.0 Overview

1.1 Background ..........................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Purpose .................................................................................................................................1-1

1.3 Users .....................................................................................................................................1-2

1.4 Installation Design Guide Structure ....................................................................................1-2

1.5 Environmental Setting .........................................................................................................1-5

1.5.1 Geography ..........................................................................................................1-4

1.5.2 Climate................................................................................................................1-4

1.5.3 Visual Zones .......................................................................................................1-6

1.6 Sustainability Theme............................................................................................................1-9

2.0 Factors Influencing New Construction and Repair Projects

2.1 Status as a National Range .................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Highly Corrosive Environment .............................................................................................2-1

2.3 Leased Installation from Foreign Government ...................................................................2-1

2.3.1 Antiterrorism and Force Protection ...................................................................2-1

2.3.2 Accessibility Requirements ...............................................................................2-2

2.4 Unexploded Ordnance Hazard ............................................................................................2-2

2.5 Availability of Resources and Long Supply Time ................................................................2-3

2.5.1 Asphalt/Concrete ...............................................................................................2-3

2.5.2 Equipment ..........................................................................................................2-3

2.5.3 Workforce ...........................................................................................................2-4

2.6 Laydown Space and Warehousing ......................................................................................2-4

2.7 Intra-Atoll Shipping ...............................................................................................................2-4

3.0 Implementation Process

3.1 General .................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Design Charrette ..................................................................................................................3-1

3.3 Design Team IDG Checklist .................................................................................................3-1

3.4 Design Submittals ................................................................................................................3-2

3.5 Army Facilities Standardization Program ............................................................................3-2

3.6 Improvement Projects ..........................................................................................................3-2 ii

4.0 Environmental Considerations

4.1 Environmental Protection ....................................................................................................4-1

4.1.1 Solid Waste and Waste Minimization ...............................................................4-1

4.1.2 Hazardous Waste ...............................................................................................4-2

4.1.3 Material Handling ..............................................................................................4-2

4.1.4 Safety Data Sheets ............................................................................................4-2

4.1.5 Lead-Based Paint and Asbestos Containing Materials ...................................4-3

4.1.6 Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant Fuel System ......................................................4-3

4.2 Historic Preservation ............................................................................................................4-3

4.3 Climate Change ....................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.1 Designing for Sea Level Rise .............................................................................4-5

5.0 General Corrosion Control Measures

5.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 Corrosion Expert .................................................................................................5-1

5.2 General Corrosion Control Measures ..................................................................................5-2

5.2.1 Proper Material Selection ..................................................................................5-2

5.2.2 Dissimilar Metal Contact Prevention ................................................................5-3

5.2.3 Protective Coating Systems ...............................................................................5-4

5.2.4 Cathodic Protection Systems ............................................................................5-5

6.0 Architecture

6.1 Sustainability ........................................................................................................................6-1

6.2 Building Systems and Materials ..........................................................................................6-1

6.2.1 Concrete and Masonry ......................................................................................6-1

6.2.2 Metals .................................................................................................................6-2

6.2.3 Wood and Plastic ...............................................................................................6-2

6.2.4 Thermal and Moisture Protection .....................................................................6-2

6.2.5 Doors ..................................................................................................................6-3

6.2.6 Windows .............................................................................................................6-3

6.2.7 Hardware ............................................................................................................6-3

6.2.8 Finishes/Coatings ..............................................................................................6-4

6.3 Structural ..............................................................................................................................6-4

6.3.1 Structural Steel and Aluminum .........................................................................6-5

6.3.2 Concrete and Concrete Masonry ......................................................................6-5

6.3.3 Wind Design .......................................................................................................6-6

6.3.4 Seismic Design ...................................................................................................6-6

6.3.5 Flood, Storm Surge and Tsunami .....................................................................6-6

6.3.6 Geotechnical Design ..........................................................................................6-6 iii

6.4 Mechanical ...........................................................................................................................6-6

6.4.1 Sustainable Design Strategies - Mechanical ...................................................6-8

6.4.2 Cooling Generating Systems .............................................................................6-9

6.4.3 Distribution Systems ....................................................................................... 6-11

6.4.4 Protective Coatings ......................................................................................... 6-16

6.4.5 HVAC Controls ................................................................................................. 6-17

6.4.6 Commissioning ................................................................................................ 6-18

6.5 Plumbing ............................................................................................................................ 6-18

6.5.1 Sustainable Design Strategies - Plumbing .................................................... 6-18

6.5.2 Plumbing Fixtures ........................................................................................... 6-19

6.5.2.1 Flush Valve WC, Floor Mounted ..................................................... 6-18

6.5.2.2 Flush Valve WC, Wall Hung ............................................................. 6-19

6.5.2.3 Dual Flush Water Closets................................................................ 6-19

6.5.2.4 Flush Tank Water Closets ............................................................... 6-20

6.5.2.5 Waterless Urinals ............................................................................ 6-20

6.5.2.6 0.5 GPF (1.89 LPF) Urinals ............................................................. 6-20

6.5.2.7 Wall Hung Lavatories ...................................................................... 6-20

6.5.2.8 Bathroom, Restroom, & Toilet Countertop Lavatories .................. 6-20

6.5.2.9 Kitchen, Breakroom, & Classroom Sinks: Stainless Steel ............ 6-20

6.5.2.10 Janitor Sink ...................................................................................... 6-20

6.5.2.11 Mop Sinks ........................................................................................ 6-20

6.5.2.12 Drinking Fountains and Coolers ..................................................... 6-21

6.5.2.13 Bathtubs .......................................................................................... 6-21

6.5.2.14 Floor Drains ..................................................................................... 6-21

6.5.2.15 Water Hammer Arresters ................................................................ 6-21

6.5.2.16 Wall Hydrants and Hose Bibs ......................................................... 6-21

6.5.2.17 Emergency Eye Shower and Emergency Eye Washes ................... 6-22

6.5.3 Domestic Water Distribution Systems ........................................................... 6-22

6.5.4 Soil, Waste, and Vent Systems ...................................................................... 6-23

6.5.5 Roof Drains ...................................................................................................... 6-23

6.5.6 Water Storage Tanks ...................................................................................... 6-23

6.5.7 Other Plumbing Systems ................................................................................ 6-23

6.5.7.1 Radon Mitigation ............................................................................. 6-23

6.5.7.2 Low Pressure Compressed Air Systems (Non-Breathable) ........... 6-23

6.6 Interior Electrical Work ..................................................................................................... 6-24

6.6.1 General Interior Electrical Systems ............................................................... 6-24

6.6.2 Interior Electrical Power System Requirements ............................................ 6-25

6.6.3 Interior Lighting System Requirements ......................................................... 6-26

6.7 Interior Telecommunications Work .................................................................................. 6-27

6.7.1 General Interior Telecommunications Systems ........................................... 6-27

6.7.2 Interior Telecommunications Requirements ................................................ 6-27 iv

6.8 Fire Protection ................................................................................................................... 6-29

6.8.1 Sustainable Design Strategies - Fire Protection ........................................... 6-30

6.8.2 Fire Protection Elements ................................................................................ 6-30

6.8.3 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems................................................................. 6-30

6.8.4 Fire Suppression Systems .............................................................................. 6-30

6.9 Building Design Elements ................................................................................................. 6-31

6.9.1 Entrances ........................................................................................................ 6-31

6.9.2 Ground Floor Elevation ................................................................................... 6-31

6.9.3 Roof Eaves....................................................................................................... 6-32

6.10 Exterior Building Painting & Colors .................................................................................. 6-32

6.10.1 Paint Colors ..................................................................................................... 6-32

7.0 Site Infrastructure

7.1 Drainage ...............................................................................................................................7-1

7.2 Low Impact Development ....................................................................................................7-2

7.3 Erosion and Sediment Control ............................................................................................7-3

7.4 Sewer ....................................................................................................................................7-3

7.5 Water and Reclaimed Water ...............................................................................................7-4

7.6 Roadways and Sidewalks ....................................................................................................7-6

7.6.1 Asphalt Concrete Roadways ..............................................................................7-6

7.6.2 Gravel Roads ......................................................................................................7-6

7.6.3. Sidewalks ...........................................................................................................7-6

7.7 Electrical ...............................................................................................................................7-6

7.7.1 General Exterior Electrical Requirements ........................................................7-6

7.7.2 Exterior Electrical Requirements ......................................................................7-7

7.7.3 Exterior Lighting System Requirements ...........................................................7-9

7.8 Exterior Telecommunications Work ................................................................................. 7-11

7.8.1 General Exterior Telecommunications Requirement Systems .................... 7-11

7.8.2 Exterior Telecommunications Systems Requirements ................................ 7-11

7.9 Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants Fuel System ................................................................... 7-13

7.9.1 General POL Fuel System Requirements ...................................................... 7-13

8.0 Landscape Architecture

8.1 Landscape Character ...........................................................................................................8-1

8.2 Landscape Planning .............................................................................................................8-2

8.2.1 General Design Principles .................................................................................8-2

8.2.2 Plant Protection and Preservation ....................................................................8-2

8.3 Plant Material .......................................................................................................................8-3

8.3.1 Plant Palette .......................................................................................................8-3

8.3.2 Native Plants ......................................................................................................8-8

8.3.3 Low Impact Development ..................................................................................8-8 v

8.3.4 Hazard Trees ......................................................................................................8-9

8.4 Landscape Design for Minimal Maintenance.................................................................. 8-10

8.4.1 Landscape Plan............................................................................................... 8-10

8.4.2 Trees and Palms ............................................................................................. 8-10

8.4.3 Shrubs and Groundcovers .............................................................................. 8-12

8.4.4 Turf Areas ........................................................................................................ 8-12

8.4.5 Building Perimeter Treatment ........................................................................ 8-12

8.4.6 Planting Time .................................................................................................. 8-13

8.4.7 Irrigation .......................................................................................................... 8-13

9.0 Site Planning and Furnishings

9.1 Site Planning Guidance .......................................................................................................9-1

9.2 Circulation .............................................................................................................................9-1

9.3 Site Furnishings ....................................................................................................................9-2

9.3.1 Bicycle Racks .....................................................................................................9-2

9.3.2 Seating ................................................................................................................9-2

9.3.3 Trash and Recycling Receptacles .....................................................................9-3

9.3.4 Playgrounds ........................................................................................................9-4

9.3.5 Flag Poles ...........................................................................................................9-4

9.3.6 Lighting ...............................................................................................................9-4

9.3.7 Pavilions .............................................................................................................9-4

9.3.8 Barbecues ..........................................................................................................9-5

9.3.9 Bus Shelters .......................................................................................................9-5

9.3.10 Site Furnishings Not Allowed .............................................................................9-5

9.4 Signage .................................................................................................................................9-5

9.4.1 Building Identification Signs ..............................................................................9-5

9.4.2 Street Signs ........................................................................................................9-6

9.4.3 Interpretive Signs ...............................................................................................9-6 vi

List of Figures

Figure Page

1-1 Visual Zones on Kwajalein Island ...............................................................................................1-6

1-2 Visual Zones on Roi-Namur Island ..............................................................................................1-7

4-1 Example of a Revetment .............................................................................................................4-4

4-2 USGS Illustration of Sea Level Rise Effect on Atoll Freshwater Lenses ...................................4-4

4-3 Estimated Relative Sea Level Change Projections from 2020 to 2100 ..................................4-6

4-4 Tidal Datums and Extreme Water Level .....................................................................................4-6

7-1 Tide gate or “Duckbill” Storm Drain Outfall ................................................................................7-1

7-2 316 Stainless Steel Trash Rack ..................................................................................................7-2

7-3 Runway Catchment and Lenswell ...............................................................................................7-4

7-4 Water Appurtenances on Kwajalein, Yellow (Potable Water), Red (Reclaimed Water) ...........7-4

7-5 Transformer Substation Building on Roi-Namur ..................................................................... 7-10

7-6 Interior of Transformer Substation Building on Roi-Namur .................................................... 7-11

List of Tables

Table Page

1-1 Visual Zones Sub Areas ...............................................................................................................1-7

4-1 Estimated Relative Sea Level Change Projections in Feet from Year 2020 to 2100 .............4-5

6-1 USAG-KA Building Colors Standard .......................................................................................... 6-32

8-1 Plant Palette: Trees ......................................................................................................................8-4

8-2 Plant Palette: Palms .....................................................................................................................8-5

8-3 Plant Palette: Shrubs and Groundcovers ...................................................................................8-6 vii

Appendices

A. Project Design Checklist

B. DoD Policy Memorandum on Access for People with Disabilities

C. Priority Action Recommendations

D. References

E. Rainfall Data

F. Tide Data

G. Lamp Selection Considerations for Roi-Namur

H. DoD Corrosion Prevention and Control Program

I. Revisions to installation Design Guide

Abbreviations

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ABA Architectural Barriers Act

ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene

ACM Asbestos Containing Materials

ACI American Concrete Institute

ACRI Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

ADAAG Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines

ADP Area Development Plan

AFCCC Air Force Combat Climatology Center

AFM Air Force Manuals

AHERA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

AHPA Archaeological Historic Preservation Act

AHRI Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

AHS Architectural Hardware Standards

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASCE/SEI American Society of Civil Engineering/Structural Engineering Institute

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers

AR Army Regulation

ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers viii

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering Standards

AST Aboveground Storage Tank

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTME American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers

ATS Acceptance Testing Specifications

AT/FP Anti-terrorism / Force Protection

AWG American Wire Gauge

AWWA American Water Works Association Publications

BACnet Building Automation and Control Networks

BICSI Building Industry Consulting Services International

BOS Base Operation and Support

C Celsius

CERL Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

CFC Chlorofluorocarbon cfm Cubic Feet per Minute

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CMU Concrete Masonry Unit

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

COS Center of Standardization

CFM Cubic Feet per Minute

CP Cathodic Protection

CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

cu. ft. Cubic Feet

Dba A-weighted Decibels

DDC Direct Digital Control

Dia Diameter

DoD Department of Defense

DPW Department of Public Works

DR Dimension Ratio

DWV Drain-Waste-Vent

ECB Engineering and Construction Bulletins

EER Energy Efficiency Ratio

EIFS Exterior Insulation and Finish System ix

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

EM Engineering Manuals

EMT Electrical Metallic Tubing

ENT Electroless Nickel

EPAct Energy Policy Act

EPR Environmental Project Representative

ER Engineering Report

ETL Engineer Technical Letter

F Fahrenheit

FA/MNS Fire Alarm / Mass Notification System

FEMP Federal Energy Management Program

FEVE Fluoroethylene Vinyl Ether

FM Factory Mutual

FRP Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic

FS Federal Specification gpf Gallons per Flush gpm Gallons per Minute

HAT High Astronomical Tide

HDPE High Density Polyethylene

HP Horsepower

HPP Historic Preservation Plan

HUD United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

HVAC&R Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning and Refrigeration

ICSSC RP Interagency Committee on Seismic Safety in Construction Recommended Practice

IBC International Code Council International Building Code

IDG Installation Design Guide

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IES Illuminating Engineering Society

IMC Intermediate Metal Conduit

IPC International Code Council International Plumbing Code

JCI ESPC Johnson Controls International Energy Saving Performance Contract

KEEP Kwajalein Environmental Emergency Plan

Kg Kilogram x

KLS Kwajalein Logistics Support

Kpa Kilopascal

KV Kilovolt

KW Kilowatt

LBP Lead-Based Paint lbs. Pounds

LED Light Emitting Diode

LEED-NC Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction

LID Low Impact Development

LPF Liters per Flush

Lph Liters per Hour

Lpm Liters per Minute

L/S Liters per Second

LTFNC Liquid Tight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit m3 Cubic Meters

MBP MILCON Business Process

MERV Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value

MHHW Mean Higher High Water mil One-thousandth of an inch

MILCON Military Construction

MIL-HDBK Military Handbooks mL Milliliter mm Millimeter

MRSI MILCON Requirements, Standardization, and Integration

MUTCD Federal Highway Administration Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NETA International Electrical Testing Association

SDR Standard Dimension Ratio

SDSs Safety Data Sheets

SEI Structural Engineering Institute

SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association

NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NC Noise Criterion

NEC National Electric Code

NEMA National Equipment Manufacturers Association xi

NETA International Electrical Testing Association

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act

NRC National Research Council

NSF American Product Testing, Inspection and Certification Organization\

O&M Operations and Maintenance

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl

PE Professional Engineer

POD Pacific Ocean Division

POL Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants

PSI Pound per Square Inch

PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene

PVB Polyvinyl-butyral

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

PVDF Polyvinylidene Fluoride

RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe

RMI Republic of the Marshall Islands

RMC Rigid Metal Conduit

RPMP Real Property Master Plan

RPPB Real Property Planning Board

SDACT Serial Digital Alarm Communicator Transmitter

SDR Standard Dimension Ratio

SDS Safety Data Sheet

SEER Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio

SF Sulfur Hexafluoride

SHGC Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association

SPCC Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure

SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan

TIA Telecommunications Industry Association

TM Technical Manual

UES United States Army Garrison – Kwajalein Atoll Environment Standards

UFC Unified Facilities Criteria xii

UFGS Unified Facilities Guide Specifications

UL Underwriters Laboratories

US United States

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

USAG-KA United States Army Garrison – Kwajalein Atoll

USACE United States Army of Corps of Engineers

USGS United States Geological Survey

UV Ultraviolet

UV-C Ultraviolet-C

UXO Unexploded Ordnance

WC Water Closet

VAV Variable Air Volume

VFD Variable Frequency Drive

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

1-1

Section 1

Overview

1.1 Background

After World War II, the U.S. Navy retained Kwajalein Island as a United States military base, which served as an important refueling, transportation, and communications point between Asia and western countries until July 1964 when it was transferred to the U. S. Army. The installation has been an important part of the United States defense systems testing program. Mission activities, permanent military and contractor residents at U.S. Army Garrison–Kwajalein Atoll (USAG-KA) reduced after the Cold War, however, USAG-KA retains its critical status as a U.S. missile range and continues to provide the Department of Defense with state-of-the-art radar, optics, telemetry, and sensing instrumentation unmatched anywhere in the world. The range was renamed the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site in June 2001. It is commonly referred to as the Reagan Test Site.

Major installation activities and installations are on the islands of Kwajalein, Roi-Namur, and Meck. A total of 11 islands are leased by the U.S. from the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Kwajalein is the largest island and houses the USAG-KA headquarters, as well as most of the installation personnel.

Roi-Namur functions as a mission support island, containing sophisticated tracking radars. A limited number of USAG-KA personnel (approximately 200) are housed on Roi-Namur. The eight remaining smaller islands (“outer islands”) that make up USAG-KA support the mission-related functions, containing various types of optical, telemetry, and meteorological monitoring equipment. No permanent personnel are stationed on these outer islands.

Construction, repair, and maintenance projects at USAG-KA are unique and costly due to its remote distance, harsh and extremely corrosive environment, and lack of local construction materials. The Installation Design Guide (IDG) takes into consideration these factors and the need for appropriate construction and maintenance methods, as well as materials selection for longevity. The IDG also incorporates the Kwajalein Design Criteria (1997) and elements of the Community District Area Development Plan (2018).

1.2 Purpose

The purpose of the IDG is to provide guidance for design and construction projects at USAG-KA. All design and construction projects shall comply with current Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) and Army Standards. The IDG does not provide an exhaustive list of UFCs and Army Standards, but addresses unique requirements that are specific to USAG-KA. Designers and contractors are to verify all applicable UFC requirements and codes (https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/unified-facilities-criteria-ufc).

The goal of the IDG is to improve the environmental quality of the installation, which includes the visual impact of features on the installation and impact of projects on the built and natural environment. The quality of visual design and sustainable development has a direct impact on the quality of life for those who live, work, or visit the installation. As a strategic and technology center in a remote island environment, having an attractive visual setting and a well-functioning physical plant is crucial for USAG-KA to attract and retain a qualified workforce.

1-2

1.3 Users

The IDG is to be used by all individuals involved in decision-making, design, construction, and maintenance of USAG-KA facilities. This includes the following:

• Installation facility planning and design personnel.

• Installation facility maintenance personnel.

• Installation Management Agency and Region.

• U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) project managers, design, and construction staff.

• Consulting planners, architects, engineers, interior designers, and landscape architects.

• Supporting agencies and tenants.

• Installation residents availing themselves of the Self-Help Program.

For the IDG to work effectively, the USAG-KA Master Planner or designated representative shall establish an understanding of the IDG among the parties. The team’s participation in a collaborative design process is critical to successful implementation of the IDG.

1.4 Installation Design Guide Structure

The IDG is divided into nine sections and five appendices as summarized below.

Section 1 Overview

• Discusses background of the installation, purpose of the IDG, its users, and structure.

• Describes environmental setting of USAG-KA.

• Outlines sustainability as the theme for the IDG.

Section 2 Factors Influencing New Construction and Repair Projects

• Explains unique factors at USAG-KA that influence new construction and repair projects such as its status as a national range, highly corrosive environment, being a leased installation from a foreign government, unexploded ordnance hazard, intra-atoll shipping, laydown space and warehousing, and availability of resources and long supply time.

Section 3 Implementation Process

• Describes implementation of the IDG as a tool in the facility planning, design, and construction process.

Section 4 Environmental Considerations

• Describes unique environmental factors and cultural resources at Kwajalein Atoll that should be taken into consideration during facility planning, design, and construction.

Section 5 General Corrosion Control Measures

• Provides general guidelines to understand the significant impacts of corrosion on USAG-KA infrastructure and provides site specific measures to control corrosion.

1-3

Section 6 Architecture

• Provides standards and guidance pertaining to the development and maintenance of buildings on the installation.

Section 7 Infrastructure

• Provides discussion on the unique utility conditions at USAG-KA and specific design and material guidance to meet the challenges of the harsh environment.

Section 8 Landscape Architecture

• Describes the use of plant materials to enhance the environmental quality of the installation.

Section 9 Site Planning and Furnishings

• Provides guidance on site planning, circulation patterns, and site furnishing designs for USAG-KA in order to create a sense of community and to enhance sustainability of the installation.

Appendix A Project Design Checklist

• Provides list of action items to assure projects are in compliance with IDG guidelines and standards.

Appendix B DoD Policy Memorandum on Access for People with Disabilities

• Indicates Department of Defense (DoD) accessibilities standards and guidelines in complying with accessibility requirements of the host nation.

Appendix C Priority Action Recommendations

• Provides list of recommended improvement projects that correspond to the immediate needs at

USAG-KA.

Appendix D References

• Lists references for design considerations discussed in the IDG.

Appendix E Rainfall Data

• Provides reference of rainfall data for USAG-KA.

Appendix F Tide Data

• Provides reference of tidal data for USAG-KA.

Appendix G Lamp Selection Considerations for Roi-Namur

• Provides Tech Memo # ALT2017-07 - LED Lamp Replacement - RFI Measurements and Analysis as reference for lighting design considerations on Roi-Namur.

Appendix H DoD Corrosion Prevention and Control Program

• Provides USACOE ERDC/CREL TR-17-13 Demonstration and Validation of Stainless Steel Materials for Critical Above-Grade Piping in Highly Corrosive Locations final report for reference.

1-4

Appendix I Revisions to Installation Design Guide

• Provides a historical record of revisions made to the IDG.

1-5

1.5 Environmental Setting

1.5.1 Geography

Kwajalein Atoll is located in the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands in the West Central Pacific Ocean.

It is 2,100 nautical miles southwest of Honolulu and less than 700 miles north of the equator.

Kwajalein Atoll is a coral reef in the shape of a crescent loop enclosing one of the world’s largest lagoons; the lagoon having a surface area of almost 900 square miles. Kwajalein at the atoll’s southern tip and Roi-Namur at its northern extremity are the principal islands of the Kwajalein Atoll.

The average elevation of Kwajalein and Roi-Namur Islands is 5.9 feet above sea level. The islands are of a coral base with extremely poor soil for plant growth due to the lack of nitrogen and potash and high alkalinity content of the calcareous sand.

1.5.2 Climate

Kwajalein has a tropical marine climate characterized by a relatively high average annual rainfall and warm-to-hot, humid weather throughout the year. Annual rainfall is nearly 100 inches and temperatures vary from a low of 78° to a high of 87° Fahrenheit. The relative humidity is quite high, typically 70% to 80% during the day and 80% to 90% at night. Kwajalein’s climate is considered one of the most corrosive marine atmospheric environments in the world.

Refer to Appendix E Rainfall Data and Appendix F Tide Data.

Kwajalein Island Roi-Namur Island

1-6

1.5.3 Visual Zones

Visual zones are areas within the installation on Kwajalein and Roi-Namur Islands that include similar land uses and visual characteristics. Dominant features, which include buildings, vehicular and pedestrian corridors, natural features, and spatial relationships should create a perception of unification for areas with the same general uses. Each visual zone will have consistent visual characteristic. There are six visual zones within the installation.

• CENTRAL DISTRICT ZONE – This area serves as the town center with a feel of a small town and amenities that support the residential community.

• RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY ZONE (Kwajalein Island only) - Areas devoted primary to residences.

The area should be welcoming, attractive, with a park-like feel.

• OPERATIONS ZONE – High-tech, functional areas devoted to the installation’s various missions.

These are generally open areas with palm trees and natural vegetation.

• OPERATIONS SUPPORT ZONE – Low-tech, industrial areas, used primarily for storage, utilities and maintenance. The areas are generally not landscaped.

• RECREATION ZONE – A mix of natural shore, recreational fields, landscaped open areas, and unimproved areas.

• HISTORIC AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ZONE (Roi-Namur only) – This zone is specific to Roi- Namur, which is well known for its historic structures and natural spaces.

Refer to Figures 1-1 and 1-2 for visual zones at Kwajalein and Roi-Namur. Table 1-1 summarizes sub-areas within each visual zone at USAG-KA.

Central District Zone Residential Community Zone Operations Zone

Operations Support Zone Recreation Zone Historic and Natural Environment Zone

1-7

Figure 1-1 Historic Natural and Environmental Zone

1-8

Figure 1-2 Visual Zones on Roi-Namur Island

Table 1-1 Visual Zones Sub Areas

Central District Zone

Residential Community Zone (Kwajalein Island)

Operations Zone Operations Support Zone

Recreation/ History and Natural

Environment Zone

Bachelor and Visitor Housing

Commercial

Office

Family Housing

Family Recreation

Education

Mission Operations

Airport Terminal

Radar

Warehouse

Tank Farm/Utility

Ordnance Storage

Bulk Materials Handling

Operations Support

Cultural

Entertainment

Golf Course

Coastal Recreation

Sports Fields

Historic Conservation

Open Space

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1.6 Sustainability Theme

An overarching theme for the IDG is “Sustainability, with emphasis on building longevity and practicality”. The theme is in response to the difficulty in maintaining buildings and acquiring building components and equipment due to the harsh environment and remote atoll location.

Studies have shown that Kwajalein Atoll has the world’s most corrosive marine atmospheric environment due to high humidity, high salt content in the wind, and warm temperature. Continuous maintenance is required to preserve buildings and equipment but, even so, the life span of facilities is significantly shorter than in most other environments. Concrete spalling and cracks, faded paint finishes (high ultra violet exposure), bulge spots in exterior finishes, rusted steel structures, corroded aluminum windows, corroded air conditioning units, rusted exterior doors, and corrosion on small building parts (screws, hinges, fittings, etc.) caused by incompatible material contact can be observed throughout the island. Therefore, practical design and specification together with effective maintenance and repairs programs are crucial for achieving building longevity.

Building, Equipment, and Site Element Deterioration

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Section 2

Factors Influencing New Construction and Repair Projects

USAG-KA is located in an isolated and sparsely populated area of the West Central Pacific Ocean is advantageous for missile-testing programs conducted here. The environmental setting, together with the mission of the installation, introduces conditions not generally encountered at Army posts and requires consideration in the planning, operation, maintenance, and construction of facilities. Factors of significance are briefly described below and must be considered by designers and contractors, as these factors will affect project design and specification, budget, and schedule. Cost estimates for new construction and repair projects on USAG-KA shall be developed in accordance with UFC requirements.

2.1 Status as a National Range

National Range policies govern the occupancy of the installation by activities such as range users and tenants, and govern the support provided by the installation. Security requirements limit the accessibility of the installation to personnel, including employees of contractors and subcontractors, crews and passengers of transit aircraft and ships, and dependents.

2.2 Highly Corrosive Environment

The Kwajalein environment is extremely corrosive due to frequent moisture, high salt content, warm temperatures, high relative humidity, extreme levels of ultra-violet solar radiation, and exposure to constant wind-driven salt spray containing ground coral sand. In this environment, metallic materials experience severe corrosion growth rates that result in reduced service life, increased operating costs, and deteriorated facility appearance. Corrosion is prevalent across USAG-KA infrastructure including residential and commercial buildings; water, electrical, and fuel distribution systems; equipment; and various types of ancillary support structures. A high level of maintenance is required to keep materials and equipment in good condition. As noted in Appendix H DoD Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, metallurgists determined USAG-KA corrosion rates to be similar to those prevailing on oceangoing Navy and Coast Guard vessels.

2.3 Leased Installation from Foreign Government

USAG-KA is a leased territory located entirely within the Republic of the Marshall Islands, a sovereign nation. This creates a border condition with nearby populations and activities that are not subject to U.S. law and security requirements.

2.3.1 Antiterrorism and Force Protection

Antiterrorism and Force Protection (ATFP) requirements for USAG-KA are unique and unlike any other military installation. The installation is located on a series of islands, therefore the physical boundary of the shoreline forms the controlled perimeter, precluding the need for traditional land boundary

2-2 security and control systems. The exact location of the controlled perimeter as defined in the DoD Minimum Antiterrorism standards for building is the highwater mark of the islands.

Nearby populations and the USAG-KA inhabit different islands within the atoll, thus they are separated by physical boundaries acting as a controlled perimeter.

There exists a traffic of host country nationals who transit through USAG-KA to other parts of the Marshall Islands territory. This places a security requirement not only on screening arrivals, but also on controlling the transit corridors at the airport and boat dock and between those two locations.

Kwajalein’s physical isolation, security requirements and restricted access, prohibition of personal vehicles, along with a robust inspection policy, mitigate the threat of explosives to facilities, equipment, and personnel. Relevant ATFP design considerations are primarily hardening facilities to protect them from backpack explosives. Stand off-distances are not required as there is no threat from vehicles.

Approval authority for ATFP requirements imposed on construction projects resides with the Force Protection Officer, USAG-KA. Final decisions to meet security and ATFP requirements and resolve conflicts require coordination among the design disciplines and the Force Protection Officer.

2.3.2 Accessibility Requirements

DoD projects involving the construction of new buildings and facilities require compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Guidelines, dated 7/23/04.

DoD Policy Memorandum dated October 31, 2008, “Access for People with Disabilities”, indicates ABA chapters 1 and 2, and 3 through 10 are now adopted by the DoD as its Accessibilities standards. The memo is provided as Appendix B.

The DoD Memorandum indicates, “Facilities being constructed by or for use by the United States under the laws, codes, rules, and regulations of a host nation need not be accessible pursuant to U.S. law, but may need to comply with similar requirements of the host nation, as applicable international agreements provide”. It further states, “Nevertheless, in order to avoid applying different and lesser standards to DoD facilities located outside the US, compliance with these DoD Standards shall be sought in all instances to the fullest extent that is reasonable and practical without degrading the facility’s military utility.”

The Host Nation (Republic of the Marshall Islands) provides USAG-KA use of 11 islands/defense sites in the Kwajalein Atoll. Existing buildings and facilities generally do not comply with the ADA and ABA.

Future building design and construction must adhere to the ADA and ABA, unless a waiver is granted by the USACE Chief of Engineering and Construction. A determination for any compliance or non-compliance must be made during the design phase.

2.4 Unexploded Ordnance Hazard

As a result of the battles that took place on the islands of Kwajalein and Roi-Namur during World War II, large amounts of Japanese and American unexploded ordnance (UXO) remain buried. Subsurface construction activities normally require a survey to determine the presence of UXO. However, the subsurface of the islands is often littered with scrap metals, making it impossible to determine the extent of the UXO contamination. When UXO is found, all activities stop and the local Explosive Ordnance Disposal technicians remove the objects from the site. This often results in schedule delays and budget increase.

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2.5 Availability of Resources and Long Supply Time

USAG-KA is one of the most remote locations in the Pacific. As a result, construction projects must be planned, designed, and constructed with the limited resources available. The overriding assumption for all projects should be that resources will not be available on-island and should be brought in by each project.

Careful scheduling of delivery for long-lead items is crucial to the success of projects.

Almost all materials, equipment, and supplies required to support the installation’s programs, population, and construction must be shipped from Hawaii, Guam or the Continental U.S. Only a small part of the total requirement can be airlifted. There are also no retail/commercial material or equipment supply outlets on island. Lead time for procurement of supplies is ordinarily figured at three to four months, depending on the point of origin, and availability from suppliers. Currently, Matson container barges and Sause Brothers tugs provide cargo service to Kwajalein every four weeks.

2.5.1 Asphalt/Concrete

There are no asphalt or concrete batch plants in operation at USAG-KA. Public Works can produce 4,000 psi portland cement concrete in small quantities suitable for small jobs and repairs. The USAG- KA asphalt plant was decommissioned, and its poor condition makes it cost prohibitive to rehabilitate for future use. Most projects require the importing of aggregates, cement, asphalt, and equipment necessary for concrete construction.

Aggregate Imported from Guam Decommissioned Asphalt Plant

2.5.2 Equipment

Equipment for each project must also be brought to USAG-KA. Projects should plan for rigorous maintenance on machinery shipped to USAG-KA, as the extreme Kwajalein environment quickly corrodes metal parts. Maintenance and repairs must be self-performed by the contractor. Most equipment brought to Kwajalein cannot be returned because it has corroded beyond the point of economical repair, and the return shipping costs are greater than thier worth. Projects must also then plan for disposition of this equipment in coordination with USAG-KA.

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2.5.3 Workforce

Construction projects are faced with the limited availability of local skilled…