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This document summarizes a forthcoming Request for Proposal for the Human Space Flight Technical Integration Contract. NASA/JSC plans to issue the RFP on or about November 1, 2019, with proposals due on or about December 11, 2019. The contract is a total small business set-aside with a NAICS code of 541715 and size standard of 1,250 employees. The incumbent contractor will provide technical integration services to support NASA's human space flight programs. All responsible sources may submit an offer which will be considered by the agency. The solicitation and related documents will be available on NASA procurement websites. Prospective offerors should notify the issuing office of their intent to submit a proposal and monitor the listed websites for additional information.
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SSP 50094
Revision B
NASA/RSA JOINT SPECIFICATIONS/
STANDARDS DOCUMENT FOR THE ISS
RUSSIAN SEGMENT
International Space Station Program
June 2016
National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station Program Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas Contract No.: NNJ12GA46C
REVISION AND HISTORY
REV. DESCRIPTION PUB.
DATE
- Initial Release (Reference per SSCD 000300, EFF. 6/8/96) 03-06-98
A Revision A per SSCD 003349, Eff. 07/21/00) 08-08-00
Update Sections 3.2, 9.9.1.1.9, 9.9.1.1.11, 9.9.1.1.12, 9.9.1.2.1.4, 9.9.1.3.1.5, 9.9.1.3.1.6, 9.9.1.3.1.10, 9.9.1.3.2.4 (TIM #21 Protocol)
Replace Sections 6.6.1.1.1, 6.6.1.1.2, and 6.6.1.1.3 (NDC-001A)
Delete TBRs from section 6.4.5.3 (NDC-004)
Update Sections 9.9.1.2.1.6 and 9.9.1.3.2.9 to remove TBRs (NDC-005)
Revise Section 3.3.3 to reflect External Contamination team Protocol (NDC-006)
Correct Editorial Errors in Sections 6.5.1.1 and 6.5.1.2 (NDC-007)
Change Section 3.1 to Reserved since requirements exist in Section 3.2.6.1.1, Thermal Environment, Russian Segment Specification, SSP 41163 (NDC-008)
Update Sections 7.1.4.5.3 and 7.1.4.8.4 to reflect TIM #22 Team 8A.1 Protocol
(NDC-009)
Modify Sections 6.6.2 to reflect new ISSP Common Standards SSP 50313 (NDC-
010B)
Update Section 6.4.7.4.9 to reflect Protocol by EVA Working Group Mini-TIM
(NDC-012)
To reflect TIM #23 Protocol by Flight Crew Support Team
Sections 6.4.7 and 6.4.7.2.3 (NDC-013)
Remove TBR to reflect status change of SSP 50253
Section 6.4.7.2.3 (NDC-016)
Clean-Up translation path requirements Section 6.3.1.1 (NDC-018)
Replace TBD in Section 6.5.3 with Crew Radiation Safety requirements (NDC-
014)
Update Thermal Control System Fluid Standards Section 4.2.3 (NDC-017)
Add new Corona Requirement Section 3.4.9 (NDC-003)
To add TBR in Section 13 (NDC-025)
B Revision B (Reference per SSCN 15435, EFF. 09-29-16) 07-18-17
This revision incorporates the following NDCs:
NDC-020, NDC-021, NDC-022, NDC-023, NDC-026, NDC-027,
NDC-028, NDC-030, NDC-031, NDC-032, NDC-033, NDC-035,
NDC-036, NDC-037, and NDC-038.
i
PREFACE
NASA/RSA JOINT SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS DOCUMENT FOR THE ISS
RUSSIAN SEGMENT
SSP 50094 (NASA/RSA) Joint Specifications/Standards Document for the ISS Russian Segment) applies to the Russian Segment of the ISS. This document is under control of the Space Station Control Board (SSCB) with the concurrence of the respective International Partners. Any changes or revision requires approval by the SSCB and State Space Corporation “Roscosmos” (Roscosmos).
ii
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROGRAM
NASA/RSA JOINT SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS DOCUMENT FOR THE ISS
RUSSIAN SEGMENT
CONCURRENCE
JUNE 2016
iii
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROGRAM
NASA/RSA JOINT SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS DOCUMENT FOR THE ISS
RUSSIAN SEGMENT
CONCURRENCE
JUNE 2016
Supervised by: Irina Lendrasova RSC-E
BOOK MANAGER ORG
See Directive Approval 06-06-17
SIGNATURE DATE
Concurred by: Igor Khamits RSC-E
RSC-E ISS PROGAM DIRECTOR ORG
See Directive Approval 06-06-17 iv
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PROGRAM
NASA/RSA JOINT SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS DOCUMENT FOR THE ISS
RUSSIAN SEGMENT
CONCURRENCE
JUNE 2016
Supervised by: Victor Emelyanenko KhSC
BOOK MANAGER ORG
See Directive Approval
Concurred by: Sergey Shaevich KhSC
KhSC ISS PROGAM DIRECTOR ORG
See Directive Approval v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 APPLICABILITY .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 PRECEDENCE ...................................................................................................................... 1-1
2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS................................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 RUSSIAN STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1.1 STATE STANDARDS ............................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.1.2 INDUSTRY STANDARDS ..................................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.1.3 ENTERPRISE STANDARDS AND OTHER TECHNICAL REGULATIONS ........................... 2-6
2.1.2 US STANDARDS .................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................ 2-9
3.0 ENVIRONMENTS .................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR ACTIVITY ............................................................. 3-1
3.2.1 SOLAR ACTIVITY ................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2.1.1 RSC-ENERGIA MODEL ........................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2.1.2 NASA MODEL ....................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.2.2 ATMOSPHERE DENSITY MODELS ..................................................................................... 3-16
3.3 EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION ............................................................................................. 3-17
3.3.1 AMBIENT/SURFACE INTERACTIONS ................................................................................. 3-17
3.3.2 THERMAL/CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 3-17
3.3.3 QUIESCENT PERIODS ........................................................................................................ 3-17
3.3.3.1 MOLECULAR COLUMN DENSITY RESERVED ................................................................... 3-17
3.3.3.2 MOLECULAR DEPOSITION ................................................................................................. 3-17
3.3.4 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 3-27
3.3.5 VACUUM AND VENTING...................................................................................................... 3-27
3.3.5.1 MATERIALS .......................................................................................................................... 3-27
3.3.5.2 VENTILATION AND DUMPING ............................................................................................. 3-27
3.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND POWER ....................................................... 3-28
3.4.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT USING THE RS 28V POWER SUPPLY.................... 3-28
3.4.1.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY
EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.1.1.1 LOW-FREQUENCY CONDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE ......................................................... 3-28
3.4.1.1.2 CONDUCTIVE RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE ...................................................... 3-30
3.4.1.1.3 INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRICAL FIELD OF RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE ................................................................................................................... 3-31
3.4.1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................................. 3-33
3.4.1.2.1 LOW-FREQUENCY CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE .......................................................... 3-33
3.4.1.2.2 CONDUCTIVE RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE ...................................................... 3-35
3.4.1.2.3 PULSE INTERFERENCE ...................................................................................................... 3-37 vi
3.4.1.2.4 RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE INSIDE A MODULE ........................... 3-39
3.4.1.2.5 RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE OUTSIDE A MODULE ....................... 3-40
3.4.1.2.6 INTENTIONALLY RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY INSIDE THE RS PRESSURIZED
VEHICLE ............................................................................................................................... 3-42
3.4.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRIBUTED 28 VOLT POWER ................................................ 3-42
3.4.1.3.1 VOLTAGE RANGE ................................................................................................................ 3-42
3.4.1.3.2 OUTLET CURRENT CAPABILITIES (RATINGS) .................................................................. 3-42
3.4.1.3.3 RIPPLE AND NOISE ............................................................................................................. 3-42
3.4.1.3.4 TRANSIENTS ........................................................................................................................ 3-42
3.4.1.3.5 GROUNDING AND ISOLATION ............................................................................................ 3-43
3.4.1.4 CONSTRAINTS ON ELECTRICAL LOADS .......................................................................... 3-43
3.4.1.4.1 STEADY STATE INPUT CURRENT ..................................................................................... 3-43
3.4.1.4.2 INRUSH AND SURGE CURRENTS ...................................................................................... 3-43
3.4.1.5 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL LOADS ...................................................... 3-43
3.4.1.5.1 ELECTRICAL INSULATION RESISTANCE .......................................................................... 3-43
3.4.1.5.2 ELECTRICAL ISOLATION STRENGTH ................................................................................ 3-43
3.4.1.5.3 INPUT POWER CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LOADS AND CABLES .................................. 3-43
3.4.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT PROVIDING THE U.S. ON-ORBIT SEGMENT
POWER SUPPLY .................................................................................................................. 3-43
3.4.2.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY
EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 3-44
3.4.2.1.1 CE01/CE03 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS ............................................................................... 3-44
3.4.2.1.1.1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE LIMITS FOR 2.0 KW DC/DC POWER CONVERTER (TIME
DOMAIN) ............................................................................................................................... 3-47
3.4.2.1.1.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE LIMITS FOR 2.0 KW DC/DC POWER CONVERTER
(FREQUENCY DOMAIN) ...................................................................................................... 3-48
3.4.2.1.2 INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRICAL FIELD OF RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE ................................................................................................................... 3-49
3.4.2.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................................. 3-49
3.4.2.2.1 CS01 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY ................................................................................ 3-50
3.4.2.2.2 CS01 ALTERNATE LIMITS ................................................................................................... 3-51
3.4.2.2.3 CS02 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY ................................................................................ 3-51
3.4.2.2.4 CS06 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY (SPIKES) ................................................................ 3-52
3.4.2.2.5 RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE ............................................................ 3-54
3.4.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT USING USOS PRIMARY POWER ............................ 3-54
3.4.3.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY
EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 3-54
3.4.3.1.1 CE01/CE03 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS ............................................................................... 3-54
3.4.3.1.1.1 VOLTAGE RIPPLE LIMITS FOR 1.5 KW DC/DC POWER CONVERTER ............................ 3-59
3.4.3.1.2 CE07 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS (SPIKES)......................................................................... 3-61
3.4.3.1.3 INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRICAL FIELD OF RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE ................................................................................................................... 3-62
3.4.3.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................................. 3-62
3.4.3.2.1 CS01 CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE ................................................................................. 3-63 vii
3.4.3.2.2 CS01 ALTERNATE LIMITS ................................................................................................... 3-64
3.4.3.2.3 CS02 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY ................................................................................ 3-64
3.4.3.2.4 POWER QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 3-65
3.4.3.2.5 CS06 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY (SPIKES) ................................................................ 3-66
3.4.3.2.6 RS03 RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE .................................................. 3-69
3.4.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT USING USOS SECONDARY POWER SUPPLY ...... 3-69
3.4.4.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE PRODUCED BY
EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 3-69
3.4.4.1.1 CE01/CE03 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS ............................................................................... 3-69
3.4.4.1.1.1 RIPPLE VOLTAGE LIMITS FOR 1.5 KW DC CONVERTER................................................. 3-69
3.4.4.1.2 CE07 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS (SPIKES)......................................................................... 3-69
3.4.4.1.3 INTENSITY OF THE ELECTRICAL FIELD OF RADIATED RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE ................................................................................................................... 3-70
3.4.4.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
IMMUNITY ............................................................................................................................. 3-70
3.4.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIO RECEIVERS, TRANSMITTERS, AND ANTENNA FEEDS . 3-70
3.4.6 CLASSIFICATION OF WIRES AND CABLES, REQUIREMENTS FOR SEPARATION AND
INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................... 3-71
3.4.6.1 CLASSIFICATION ................................................................................................................. 3-71
3.4.6.2 SEPARATION ....................................................................................................................... 3-71
3.4.6.3 HIGH FREQUENCY CIRCUITS ............................................................................................ 3-71
3.4.6.4 SHIELDING OF CABLES ...................................................................................................... 3-71
3.4.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR CRITICAL CIRCUITS ...................................................................... 3-71
3.4.7.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CRITICAL CIRCUITS ........................................................................ 3-71
3.4.7.2 INTERFERENCE IMMUNITY MARGIN FOR CRITICAL CIRCUITS ..................................... 3-72
3.4.7.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUNDING AND SHIELDING OF EED ....................................... 3-72
3.4.7.4 ELECTROSTATIC PROTECTION FOR EED........................................................................ 3-73
3.4.7.5 TESTING OF EED FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ....................................... 3-73
3.4.8 DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL GROUNDING AND BONDING .................................................. 3-74
3.4.8.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL BONDING ................................................................ 3-74
3.4.8.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR OVERALL GROUNDING ................................................................ 3-74
3.4.8.3 EQUIPMENT PROVIDING POWER TO USOS ..................................................................... 3-75
3.4.8.4 EQUIPMENT USING USOS PRIMARY OR SECONDARY POWER .................................... 3-75
3.4.8.5 ISOLATED ELECTRICAL POWER WITHIN EQUIPMENT ................................................... 3-75
3.4.8.6 SIGNAL CIRCUIT RETURN GROUNDING ........................................................................... 3-75
3.4.8.7 AC POWER RETURN ........................................................................................................... 3-75
3.4.8.8 GROUNDING TO EQUIPMENT/VEHICLE NOT PERMANENTLY ATTACHED TO THE
ISS ......................................................................................................................................... 3-75
3.4.8.9 RETURNS, SIGNALS BELOW TEN MHZ ............................................................................. 3-76
3.4.8.10 RETURNS, SIGNALS EQUAL TO AND ABOVE TEN MHZ .................................................. 3-76
3.4.8.11 SHIELD GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 3-76
3.4.9 CORONA ............................................................................................................................... 3-76
3.5 PLASMA ................................................................................................................................ 3-76
3.5.1 NATURAL PLASMA .............................................................................................................. 3-76
3.5.1.1 IONOSPHERIC PLASMA ...................................................................................................... 3-77 viii
3.5.1.2 AURORAL PLASMA .............................................................................................................. 3-77
3.5.2 INDUCED PLASMA ............................................................................................................... 3-78
3.6 REQUIREMENTS ON RADIATION CONDITIONS ............................................................... 3-78
3.6.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF IONIZING RADIATION RESPONSIBLE FOR AN INCREMENTAL
CHANGE IN PROPERTIES................................................................................................... 3-78
3.6.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF IONIZING RADIATION RESPONSIBLE FOR FAILURES DURING
EXPOSURE TO HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES ................................................................ 3-83
3.7 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 3-95
3.8 METEOROIDS AND ORBITAL DEBRIS ............................................................................... 3-95
3.8.1 METEOROIDS ...................................................................................................................... 3-96
3.8.1.1 UNCERTAINTY IN THE METEOROID ENVIRONMENT ...................................................... 3-100
3.8.2 ORBITAL DEBRIS ................................................................................................................. 3-101
3.8.2.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................... 3-101
3.8.2.2 ORBITAL DEBRIS FLUX TO A TUMBLING SURFACE ........................................................ 3-102
3.8.2.3 AVERAGE SHAPE AND MASS DENSITY ............................................................................ 3-103
3.8.2.4 VELOCITY AND DIRECTION DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................... 3-104
3.8.2.5 LIMITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTY IN THE DEBRIS FLUX MODEL .................................. 3-107
3.8.2.5.1 MEASUREMENTS OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT (FACTORS WHICH ALTER THE
INTERCEPT OF FLUX GROWTH CURVES) ........................................................................ 3-107
3.8.2.5.2 TREND PROJECTION (FACTORS WHICH ALTER THE SLOPE OF FLUX GROWTH
CURVES) .............................................................................................................................. 3-109
3.8.2.5.3 UNCERTAINTIES IN DIRECTION, VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, AND DENSITY ................. 3-112
3.8.3 EVALUATION OF DIRECTIONALITY EFFECTS .................................................................. 3-113
4.0 ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC, AND ELECTROMECHANICAL PARTS, MATERIALS AND
PROCESSES ........................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC, AND ELECTROMECHANICAL (EEE) PARTS ..................... 4-1
4.1.1 REQUIREMENTS ON EEE PARTS FOR THE ISS ............................................................... 4-1
4.1.1.1 EEE PARTS SELECTION ..................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1.1.1 FLIGHT HARDWARE ............................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.1.1.1.1 SEMICONDUCTORS ............................................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.1.1.1.2 INTEGRATED MICROCIRCUITS .......................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.1.1.2 GROUND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.1.2 QUALIFICATION ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.1.3 EEE PARTS APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.1.4 MANUFACTURER SELECTION ........................................................................................... 4-3
4.1.1.5 TRACEABILITY ..................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.1.1.6 EEE PART FAILURES .......................................................................................................... 4-3
4.1.1.7 IONIZING RADIATION FOR EEE PARTS ............................................................................ 4-3
4.2 FLUID STANDARDS AND CLEANLINESS ........................................................................... 4-4
4.2.1 CLEANLINESS OF HABITATION MODULE SURFACES ..................................................... 4-4
4.2.2 CLEANLINESS OF SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH FLUIDS ............................................. 4-4
4.2.3 THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM FLUID STANDARDS ......................................................... 4-4
4.3 MATERIALS AND PROCESSING ......................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.1 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.2 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-4 ix
4.3.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................ 4-4
4.3.3.1 MATERIALS AND PROCESSES, SELECTION, CONTROL, AND VERIFICATION PLAN ... 4-4
4.3.3.1.1 COORDINATION, APPROVAL, AND TRACKING ................................................................ 4-5
4.3.3.1.2 APPROVAL SIGNATURE ..................................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.3.1.3 MATERIALS AND PROCESS DOCUMENTATION ............................................................... 4-5
4.3.3.1.4 MATERIAL USAGE AGREEMENTS ..................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.3.2 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.3.3 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.3.4 CONTROLLING DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................. 4-6
4.3.3.5 MATERIALS CERTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY ........................................................... 4-6
4.3.3.6 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.3.7 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.3.8 MATERIAL DESIGN ALLOWABLES ..................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.4 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.4.1 METALS ................................................................................................................................ 4-6
4.3.4.1.1 ALUMINUM ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.3.4.1.2 STEEL ................................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.3.4.1.3 TITANIUM.............................................................................................................................. 4-7
4.3.4.1.4 MAGNESIUM ........................................................................................................................ 4-8
4.3.4.1.5 BERYLLIUM .......................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.3.4.1.6 CADMIUM ............................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.3.4.1.7 MERCURY ............................................................................................................................ 4-8
4.3.4.1.8 REFRACTORY METALS ...................................................................................................... 4-8
4.3.4.1.9 SUPERALLOYS (NICKEL-BASED AND COBALT-BASED) ................................................. 4-8
4.3.4.2 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS ................................................................................................ 4-8
4.3.4.2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ON NONMETALLIC MATERIALS .......................................... 4-8
4.3.4.2.2 ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS (RUBBERS) ........................................................................... 4-9
4.3.4.2.3 POLYVINYLCHLORIDE ........................................................................................................ 4-9
4.3.4.2.4 FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS ......................................................................................... 4-9
4.3.4.2.5 LUBRICANTS ........................................................................................................................ 4-10
4.3.4.2.6 LIMITED-LIFE ITEMS ............................................................................................................ 4-10
4.3.4.2.7 VACUUM OUTGASSING ...................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.2.8 LOW EARTH ORBIT ENVIRONMENT SURVIVABILITY ...................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.2.9 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.2.10 MOISTURE AND FUNGUS RESISTANCE ........................................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.3 TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES ......................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.3.1 FORGINGS ........................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.4.3.2 CASTINGS ............................................................................................................................ 4-11
4.3.4.3.3 ADHESIVE BONDING ........................................................................................................... 4-11
4.3.4.3.4 WELDING .............................................................................................................................. 4-11
4.3.4.3.5 BRAZING............................................................................................................................... 4-12
4.3.4.3.6 STRUCTURAL SOLDERING ................................................................................................ 4-12
4.3.4.3.7 ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING ............................................................................. 4-12
4.3.4.4 MATERIAL NDE .................................................................................................................... 4-12 x
4.3.4.4.1 NDE PLAN............................................................................................................................. 4-12
4.3.4.4.2 ETCHING BEFORE NON-DESTRUCTIVE VERIFICATION USING THE CAPILLARY
METHOD ............................................................................................................................... 4-12
4.3.4.5 SPECIAL MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 4-13
4.3.4.5.1 RESIDUAL STRESSES ........................................................................................................ 4-13
4.3.4.5.2 SANDWICH ASSEMBLIES ................................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.4.5.3 RESERVED ........................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.4.5.4 CORROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL ..................................................................... 4-13
4.3.4.5.5 FASTENERS ......................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.3.4.6 ELECTRICAL MATERIAL AND PROCESSES ...................................................................... 4-14
4.3.4.6.1 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PRINTED WIRING BOARDS ................................. 4-14
4.3.4.6.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLDERED ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS .................................. 4-14
4.3.4.6.3 CABLE AND HARNESS FABRICATION ............................................................................... 4-15
4.3.4.6.4 CRIMPING AND WIRE WRAP .............................................................................................. 4-16
4.3.4.6.5 FIBER OPTICS ...................................................................................................................... 4-16
4.3.4.6.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR PRINTED WIRING BOARDS AND ASSEMBLIES ........... 4-16
4.3.4.6.7 CONFORMAL COATING AND STAKING ............................................................................. 4-16
5.0 BATTERIES........................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERY SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 5-1
5.1.1 CELL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 BATTERY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.5 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 5-2
5.2 SILVER-ZINC BATTERY SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1 CELL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 5-2
5.2.2 BATTERY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5-2
5.2.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.5 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 5-3
5.3 SOYUZ BUFFER/BACKUP BATTERY UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 5-3
5.3.1 CELL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 5-3
5.3.2 BATTERY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5-3
5.3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 5-3
5.3.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5-3
5.3.5 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 5-4
5.4 SOYUZ DESCENT MODULE BATTERY UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS .................................. 5-4
5.4.1 CELL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.2 BATTERY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5-4
5.4.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5-4
5.4.5 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 5-4
5.5 SOYUZ PYROTECHNIC BATTERY UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS. ........................................ 5-4
5.5.1 CELL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 5-4
5.5.2 BATTERY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 5-4 xi
5.5.3 SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 5-5
5.5.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5-5
5.5.5 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................... 5-5
5.6 OTHER BATTERY SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 5-5
5.6.1 PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION ............................................................................................... 5-5
5.6.2 ON-ORBIT PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 5-6
5.6.3 POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 5-6
5.6.4 STANDARD COMMERCIAL-OFF-THE-SHELF BATTERIES ............................................... 5-6
5.6.5 NON-CRITICAL COTS BATTERIES FOR IVA OPERATION ................................................ 5-7
5.6.6 OTHER TYPES OF COTS BATTERIES ARE CONSIDERED CRITICAL CARGO
(HAZARDOUS, CATEGORY 2) ............................................................................................. 5-7
5.6.7 CHARGING BATTERIES ON THE ISS ................................................................................. 5-8
5.6.8 CUSTOM (NON-COTS) BATTERIES .................................................................................... 5-8
5.6.9 BATTERIES FOR EVA .......................................................................................................... 5-8
6.0 CREW HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE ............................................................................... 6-1
6.1 ANTHROPOMETRY AND BIOMECHANICS......................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1.1 ANTHROPOMETRY .............................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1.1.2 BIOMECHANICS ................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.2 GENERAL ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLE ................. 6-1
6.1.3 ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BIOMECHANICAL DESIGN DATA ............................................ 6-1
6.1.3.1 BODY DIMENSIONS ............................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1.3.1.1 DESIGN PRINCIPLES BASED ON BODY DIMENSIONS .................................................... 6-1
6.1.3.1.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY DIMENSION DATA ..................................... 6-2
6.1.3.2 JOINT MOVEMENT .............................................................................................................. 6-17
6.1.3.2.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON JOINT MOVEMENT DATA .................................... 6-17
6.1.3.2.1.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON SINGLE JOINT MOVEMENT DATA ...................... 6-17
6.1.3.2.1.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON TWO-JOINT MOVEMENT DATA .......................... 6-17
6.1.3.3 ACCESSIBILITY ZONES ...................................................................................................... 6-22
6.1.3.3.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON FUNCTIONAL ACCESSIBILITY ZONES ............... 6-22
6.1.3.4 BODY SURFACE AREA ....................................................................................................... 6-73
6.1.3.4.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY SURFACE AREA DATA ............................. 6-73
6.1.3.5 BODY VOLUME .................................................................................................................... 6-73
6.1.3.5.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WHOLE BODY VOLUME DATA ............................ 6-73
6.1.3.5.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY SEGMENT VOLUME DATA ....................... 6-74
6.1.3.6 BODY MASS CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 6-75
6.1.3.6.1 BODY MASS ......................................................................................................................... 6-75
6.1.3.6.1.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WHOLE BODY MASS DATA ................................. 6-75
6.1.3.6.1.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY PART MASS DATA .................................... 6-76
6.1.3.6.2 CENTER OF MASS ............................................................................................................... 6-77
6.1.3.6.2.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WHOLE BODY CENTER OF MASS DATA ........... 6-77
6.1.3.6.2.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY PART CENTER OF .................................... 6-81
6.1.3.6.3 MOMENT OF INERTIA ......................................................................................................... 6-83
6.1.3.6.3.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON WHOLE BODY MOMENT OF INERTIA DATA ...... 6-83
6.1.3.6.3.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BODY SEGMENT MOMENT OF INERTIA DATA . 6-85 xii
6.2 STRENGTH DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 6-91
6.2.1 ZERO-G DESIGN FORCES .................................................................................................. 6-91
6.2.1.1 SEATED POSTURE .............................................................................................................. 6-91
6.2.1.1.1 HORIZONTAL FORCES ....................................................................................................... 6-91
6.2.1.1.2 VERTICAL FORCES ............................................................................................................. 6-92
6.2.1.2 STANDING POSTURE .......................................................................................................... 6-93
6.2.1.2.1 HORIZONTAL FORCES ....................................................................................................... 6-93
6.2.1.2.2 VERTICAL FORCES ............................................................................................................. 6-94
6.2.1.3 NEUTRAL POSTURE ........................................................................................................... 6-95
6.2.1.3.1 HORIZONTAL FORCE .......................................................................................................... 6-95
6.2.1.3.2 VERTICAL FORCE ............................................................................................................... 6-96
6.3 ARCHITECTURE .................................................................................................................. 6-97
6.3.1 TRANSLATION PATHS ........................................................................................................ 6-97
6.3.1.1 MINIMUM TRANSLATION PATH DIMENSIONS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................... 6-97
6.3.1.2 CLEARANCES DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 6-97
6.3.1.3 TRANSLATION PATH OBSTRUCTIONS AND HAZARDS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...... 6-97
6.3.1.4 MARKING OF TRANSLATION PATHS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................... 6-97
6.3.2 MOBILITY AIDS AND RESTRAINTS ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION ............................ 6-97
6.3.2.1 INTERNAL MOBILITY AID LOCATIONS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................. 6-97
6.3.2.2 INTERNAL RESTRAINT LOCATIONS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 6-97
6.3.3 FOOD PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION AREA .......................................................... 6-97
6.3.3.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 6-98
6.3.3.1.1 OVERALL LAYOUT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 6-98
6.3.3.1.2 FOOD SELECTION, PREPARATION, AND CONSUMPTION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . 6-98
6.3.3.1.3 FOOD PACKAGING AND STORAGE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................................... 6-99
6.3.3.1.4 FOOD PREPARATION AND CONSUMPTION AREA CLEANING DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 6-99
6.3.3.1.5 PACKAGING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 6-99
6.3.3.1.6 CREW NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 6-99
6.3.3.1.6.1 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................... 6-100
6.3.3.1.6.2 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 6-103
6.3.3.1.6.3 MONITORING NUTRIENT INTAKE DURING FLIGHT ......................................................... 6-103
6.4 HARDWARE AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................... 6-104
6.4.1 CLOSURES AND COVERS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 6-104
6.4.2 HANDLES AND GRASP AREAS (FOR PORTABLE ITEMS)................................................ 6-104
6.4.2.1 GENERAL HANDLE AND GRASP AREA DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................. 6-104
6.4.2.2 HANDLE AND GRASP AREA LOCATION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................... 6-104
6.4.2.3 NON-FIXED HANDLES DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................ 6-105
6.4.2.4 HANDLE DIMENSIONS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................ 6-105
6.4.3 RESTRAINTS ........................................................................................................................ 6-105
6.4.3.1 GENERAL PERSONNEL RESTRAINTS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................. 6-105
6.4.3.2 FOOT RESTRAINT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 6-105
6.4.3.2.1 GENERAL FOOT RESTRAINT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................. 6-105
6.4.3.2.2 FOOT RESTRAINT DONNING/DOFFING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................ 6-105
6.4.3.2.3 FOOT RESTRAINT LOADS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 6-106 xiii
6.4.3.3 BODY RESTRAINT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 6-106
6.4.3.3.1 BODY RESTRAINT DONNING/DOFFING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................ 6-106
6.4.3.3.2 BODY RESTRAINT LOADS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..................................................... 6-106
6.4.3.4 EQUIPMENT RESTRAINT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ....................................................... 6-106
6.4.4 MOBILITY AIDS .................................................................................................................... 6-107
6.4.4.1 HANDHOLD AND HANDRAIL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .................................................. 6-107
6.4.4.2 HANDHOLD AND HANDRAIL LOADS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 6-107
6.4.4.3 HANDHOLD AND HANDRAIL MOUNTING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .............................. 6-107
6.4.5 CONNECTORS ..................................................................................................................... 6-107
6.4.5.1 CONNECTOR DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................... 6-107
6.4.5.1.1 FLUID CONNECTORS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 6-107
6.4.5.1.2 ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ................................................. 6-108
6.4.5.1.3 STRUCTURAL CONNECTORS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS................................................ 6-108
6.4.5.2 CONNECTOR IDENTIFICATION/ALIGNMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................ 6-108
6.4.5.3 INTERNAL CONNECTOR ARRANGEMENT DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................... 6-109
6.4.6 AIR FILTER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 6-109
6.4.7 CODING AND LABELING ..................................................................................................... 6-109
6.4.7.1 IVA CODING ......................................................................................................................... 6-110
6.4.7.1.1 PURPOSE OF CODING ........................................................................................................ 6-110
6.4.7.1.2 TYPES OF CODING ............................................................................................................. 6-111
6.4.7.1.2.1 LOCATION CODING ............................................................................................................. 6-111
6.4.7.1.2.2 ORIENTATION CODING ....................................................................................................... 6-111
6.4.7.1.2.3 EQUIPMENT CODING .......................................................................................................... 6-113
6.4.7.1.2.4 EMERGENCY WARNING CODING ...................................................................................... 6-117
6.4.7.1.2.5 MANUFACTURING PLANT CODING ................................................................................... 6-117
6.4.7.1.3 SYSTEMS OF CODING ........................................................................................................ 6-117
6.4.7.1.3.1 ALPHANUMERIC CODING ................................................................................................... 6-117
6.4.7.1.3.2 COLOR CODING .................................................................................................................. 6-117
6.4.7.1.3.3 AURAL CODING ................................................................................................................... 6-118
6.4.7.1.3.4 VOICE CODING .................................................................................................................... 6-118
6.4.7.1.3.5 BAR CODING ........................................................................................................................ 6-118
6.4.7.1.3.6 PICTOGRAM CODING ......................................................................................................... 6-118
6.4.7.1.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF LANGUAGES ........................................................... 6-118
6.4.7.1.4.1 PRINCIPLES OF USE ........................................................................................................... 6-118
6.4.7.1.4.
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