Extract of EG4ALL PAD 2018_2023.pdf

PDF 986 KB Posted Dec 12, 2019

Attached to: Senegal Entrepreneurship Promotion and Business Investment Activity
Solicitation number: 72068520R00001
Issued by: US Agency for International Development Senegal

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Written by GovTribe AI · Dec 28, 2023

This USAID solicitation seeks proposals for a Senegal Entrepreneurship Promotion and Business Investment Activity. The selected implementer will accelerate economic growth, employment, investment, and resilience at the enterprise and market systems levels through activities supporting entrepreneurship and business growth. Relevant sectors include agriculture, fisheries, and horticulture. The implementer will work closely with the West Africa Trade and Investment Hub to strengthen current growth drivers, develop new sectors, and attract exports and investment. The Activity aims to achieve inclusive economic growth objectives in Senegal's Plan Sénégal Emergent national development strategy. Proposals are due by the specified closing date. The selected implementer will implement activities over the period of performance.

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USAID Senegal – Economic Growth For All

(FY2018‐2023)

Project Appraisal Document

25 Feb 2017

PROCUREMENT SENSITIVE

Please note: Pages 1 to 15 do not appear in this document

5 Project Description

EG4ALL is comprised of five Activities as depicted in Figure 5 :

1. Value Chain Services

2. Nutritious Food System Services

3. Entrepreneurship and Vocational Development Services

4. Policy Systems Services

5. Sustainable Ecosystem and Fisheries Management Services

The

use

the

term

‘Service’

the

Activities

deliberate

reference

sustainability

being

cornerstone

the

project.

The

proposition

here

that

sustainability

takes

hold

when

actors

with

vested

interests

the

process,

on‐going

basis,

are

able

define,

clarify,

and

institutionalize

efficient

transactions

with

each

other.

The

project

will

focus

facilitating

and

strengthening

connections

between

market

actors,

local

entities,

businesses

etc.,

rather

than

inserting

itself

into

the

market

and

providing

services.

Value

Chain

Services

and

Nutritious

Food

System

Services

(NFSS)

will

continue

the

work

Naatal

Mbay,

Yaajeende,

and

Strengthening

Partnerships

and

Results

Nutrition

Globally

(SPRING),

but

the

activities

will

layered

the

same

locations,

with

the

same

local

entities.

Sustainable

Ecosystem

and

Fisheries

Management

Services

activity

will

working

mainly

with

fishing

communities

sustainable

fisheries

management,

which

will

include

increasing

production

efficiency

and

identifying

value‐added

activities

along

the

value

chain

that

can

provide

additional

jobs

and

increase

incomes.

These

activities

will

objective

identifying

and

fostering

the

services

(and

associated

employment

opportunities)

that

will

most

effectively

facilitate

their

respective

value

chains.

The

Entrepreneurship

and

Vocational

Development

Services

activity

will

then

assist

these

nascent

commercial

entities

with

entrepreneurial

and

business

management

skills,

and

also

facilitate

the

development

relevant

service

providers

that

will

provide

the

training

and

the

information.

Good

connections

between

the

private

sector

and

training

institutes

will

paramount.

All

activities

will

supported

the

Policy

activity,

which

will

continue

earlier

efforts

facilitate

change

the

enabling

environment.

Activities

will

revolve

around

two

foci

‐

working

national

level

strategic

policy

development,

and

regional/local

level,

e.g.,

via

Regional

Development

Hubs,

monitor

and

understand

policy

constraints

and

influences

economic

activities

(including

those

EG4ALL

Activities)

and

ensure

effectiveness

policy

implementation.

ediouf Highlight

Figure 5. USAID Senegal EG4ALL PAD Activities.

All

EG4ALL

activities

the

same

design

principles.

such,

the

common

themes

are

youth

development,

women’s

empowerment,

productive

and

healthy

livelihoods

based

up‐to‐date

information,

supportive

policies

and

local

governance,

and

sound

environment

stewardship.

The

activities

are

designed

implemented

highly

linked

fashion,

operating

similar

locations.

Efficient

operation

this

layered

approach

will

result

strong

resilience

program.

5.1 Activity 1: Value Chain Services

Introducing

new

model

for

contract

farming

irrigated

rice,

maize

and

millet

value

chains,

Naatal

Mbay’s

most

prominent

intervention,

and

arguably

has

generated

the

most

impact

from

among

all

its

interventions.

Through

this

market‐based

approach,

Naatal

Mbay

significantly

reduced

the

risks,

difficulties,

conflicts,

and

uncertainty

procuring

rice,

maize

millet

the

open

market

and

consequently

resulting

transformative

changes

and

increasing

the

sustainability

USAID

investments.

the

Anambe

Valley

upper

Casamance,

Naatal

Mbay

helped

generated

the

first‐ever

Integrated

Model

Financing.

Based

lessons

learned

from

the

Delta,

this

model

helping

hundreds

small

farmers

expand

their

production

giving

them

the

means

access

higher

quality

seeds

and

other

inputs

through

private

sector

channels.

These

key

successes

among

others

were

made

possible

mainly

the

soft

facilitation

and

collaborative

approach

that

guides

all

Naatal

Mbay

interventions.

Naatal

Mbay

used

combination

interventions

that

featured

strong

facilitation

approach,

but

also

provided

direct

subsidies

through

cost‐sharing.

example

this

their

work

with

the

seed

sector,

which

seed

processing

centers

were

renovated

built

through

Public

Private

Partnerships

(PPP).

Further,

cost‐sharing

also

used

for

extension

and

database

management

staff,

support

contract

farming.

This

support

gave

local

systems

actors’

capacity

deliver

extension

services,

inputs,

and

financing

that

includes

insurance.

The

use

organized

and

inclusive

local

producers’

networks

main

field

partners

and

delivery

channels

activity

support

services

facilitated

effective

community

appropriation

productivity‐enhancing

technologies

and

best

management

practices.

The

model

has

been

successful

even

the

traditional

rice

farming

system

Casamance,

where

women

are

fully

engaged

the

technology

adoption

process.

Strong

farmers’

associations

and

geo‐referencing

allowed

for

accurate

estimates

members’

production

potential

and

input

requirements.

With

this

information

lenders

have

accurate

information

farmers’

production

potential,

and

buyers

know

exactly

where

farmers

are

located.

Thus,

the

contract

farming

and

its

integrated

financing

resulted

increased

yields,

quality

and

profitability

for

participating

rice

farmers.

Led

the

Association

Sénégalaise

pour

Promotion

Développement

Base

(ASPRODEB),

key

West

African

business

the

seed

and

cereal

sectors,

local

organizations

involved

seed

production

were

supported

develop

and

adopt

three‐year

seed

plans

for

rain‐fed

rice

varieties

meet

fast

growing

demand.

ASPRODEB,

and

Naatal

Mbay

partner,

IPAR,

(l'Initiative

Prospective

Agricole

Rurale),

are

examples

private

sector

entities

that

will

continue

the

value

chain

work

beyond

Naatal

Mbay.

result

Naatal

Mbay

intervention,

ASPRODEB

currently

providing

capacity

building

services

farmer

organizations

commercial

grain

production,

improving

access

small

agricultural

equipment,

consolidating

producer

networks,

developing

farmer

friendly

equipment

financing

formats

and

playing

direct

role

regional

Monitoring

and

Evaluation

(M&E)

data

collection,

and

its

analysis.

Naatal

Mbay

learned

that

building

redundancy

into

the

system

was

important

characteristic

supporting

systemic

change.

addition

training

the

rice

millers

quality

standards

they

also

built

the

capacity

farmers

and

bankers.

This

helped

equalize

the

power

relationships

selling

time,

compared

enabling

only

one

actor

the

arbiter

quality.

The

same

lesson

applied

information

management

production

levels.

Naatal

Mbay

found

that

the

millers,

bank

and

farmer

associations

all

needed

access

information

production

estimates,

and

volumes

harvested

and

reimbursement

levels.

Better

information

built

the

capacity

all

actors

negotiate

effectively.

Thus

the

“Scaling

Sahel

Rice

Senegal”

report

outlined

the

key

aspects

that

underlay

the

success

Naatal

Mbay’s

scaling

PCE’s

successes:

● Using	a	push‐pull	approach	by	helping	producers	increase	yields,	production,	and	quality
and	by	increasing	market	demand	by	facilitating	linkages	to	processors	and	distributors,
and	strengthening	those	downstream	institutions.

● Kick‐starting	private	upstream	and	downstream	investment	through	subsidies,	risk
mitigation,	and	market	facilitation.	Examples	include	PCE’s	support	for	agricultural
machinery	leasing	through	Locafrique	and	innovating	crop	insurance	with	the	GOS.

● Translating

this

push/pull

and

kick‐starting

into

virtuous

spiral,

which

2014‐15

had

become

increasingly

self‐generating.

● Aligning

the

incentives

for

farmers,

bankers,

processors,

machinery

service

providers,

and

wholesalers

that

everyone

makes

money.

some

cases,

this

has

been

complicated

GOS‐induced

distortions

prices

and

margins

various

stages

the

value

chain.

● Addressing

risk

for

key

actors.

This

was

particularly

true

for

banks

and

the

CNCAS

and

was

addressed

through

the

innovations

contracting

farmer

production,

crop

insurance,

and

the

use

warehouse

receipts

system

Further

challenges

remain:

● Reaching

the

last

mile

farm

productivity:

current

interventions

are

helping

the

yield

gap

production

the

Delta,

future

interventions

this

area

must

focus

bottlenecks

double

cropping

and

MSME

development.

However,

SRV

and

the

SFZ,

despite

huge

progress

yields

that

lead

emerging

cereal

surplus

for

markets,

investments

scaling

successful

models

applied

the

Delta

will

still

needed.

● Lack	of	a	clear	strategic	policy	orientation	and	effective	coordination	of	donor‐supported
initiatives,	particularly	in	the	seed	and	agricultural	equipment	sectors,	hinders	the
dynamism	and	motivation	of	emerging	private	entrepreneurs	who	are	engaged	or	who
could	potentially	invest	in	those	domains

● Lack

mid‐scale

storage

infrastructure

that

crucial

for

sustainable

growth

commercial

farming

and

particularly

for

integrated

financing

cereal

value

chains.

There

need

promote

policy

environment

conducive

private

investments

warehousing

services.

● Grain

markets

are

not

solely

driven

large‐scale

formal

buyers.

important

intermediate

level

made

small

scale

MSMEs

and

wholesalers

represents

powerful

segment

that

needs

integrated

the

value

chain

development

strategy,

especially

the

remote

zones.

● Unlocking

the

potential

cereal

value

chains

for

job

creation,

robust

youth

inclusion

and

women’s

economic

empowerment,

and

means

increase

small

holders’

resilience

through

diversified

cash

revenue

sources.

EG4ALL

will

need

strengthen

private

sector

actors

processing

and

agricultural

services

particularly

the

Senegal

River

Valley,

where

the

level

double

cropping

strong

indicator

value

chain

response

and

competiveness

accessing

urban

markets.

Furthermore,

USAID

value

chain

activities

need

adapt

and

replicate

Naatal

Mbay

successful

interventions

other

potential

value

chains.

The

Naatal

Mbay

activity

has

demonstrated

the

benefit

the

value

chain

approach.

This

has

led

the

identification

key

constraints

for

which

tool

kit

market‐based

solutions

continues

developed.

major

role

this

regard

EG4ALL

lower

the

implementation

risks

for

those

entities

that

would

expected

invest

the

market.

Technologies	and	systems	developed	to	date	include	agronomic	recommendations	(rice,	millet,
maize),	seed	production,	contract	farming	protocols,	farming	records	database,	finance	instruments
suited	for	contract	farming,	warehouse	receipts	collateral,	mechanization,	index	and	standard
micro‐insurance,	and	management	training	for	farmer	groups.

EG4ALL

will

apply

these

tools

widely

adapting

them

and

creating

new

tools

for

different

value

chains,

agro‐ecosystems,

and

market

situations.

Through

Activity

EG4ALL

will

support

entrepreneurship

skills

development

and

development

MSMEs

service

providers

expand

access

improved

technologies,

good

practices

and

information

for

farmer

and

producer

groups

focusing

youth

and

women’s

employment.

Local

government

bodies

and

institutions

will

important

client/scaling

agent

for

the

Value

Chain

Services

Activity.

Here

EG4ALL

very

consistent

with

the

goals

the

Regional

Development

Hubs,

part

the

GOS

decentralization

policy.

one

level,

the

goal

here

raise

the

awareness

local

government

bodies

and

institutions

the

Value

Chain

Services

that

are

available

turn

their

economic

development

vision

into

realities.

The

level

for

local

government

bodies

and

institutions

use

those

services

help

them

develop

their

own

portfolios

local

service

providers

–

which

again

helping

them

further

their

economic

plans.

Such

plan

fits

comfortably

with

the

GOS

Regional

Development

Hubs

The

comfortable

local

government

bodies

become

facilitating

these

Value

Chain

Service

connections,

the

benefits

will

seen

local

MSME

development,

employment,

and

profitable

families.

This

Activity

complements

the

USAID

GOLD

activity,

which

working

bolster

the

governance

capacity

the

local

government

bodies.

Activity	Objective:	To	facilitate	access	to	agricultural	and	market	service	packages,
customized	to	target	clients	(region,	levels	of	value	chain	development).

Sub‐Activity 1.1: Technical Package Development

The

Project

will

continue

develop

new

technical

packages

support

targeted

value

chains

productivity

specifically

designed

for

range

actors

different

socio‐economic

groups

maximize

inclusivity.

Under

this

sub‐activity,

technical

packages

will

broad

needed

for

the

enterprise.

For

example,

the

needs

rain‐fed

lowland

rice

crop

will

different

from

those

drip

irrigated

horticulture

crop.

Enterprises

will

need

fit

within

the

local

farming

systems,

constrained

resource

availability

and

production

potentials.

Developing

the

package

will

require

research,

testing

and

demonstrations,

extension

and

advisory

services

support,

and

facilitating

supply

needed

financing,

equipment,

and

inputs.

EG4ALL

will

support

process

identifying

and

confirming

suitability

and

adequate

economic

return‐on‐investment

for

new

technologies,

and

then

subsequently

facilitate

market

systems

development

evaluate

and

scale

adoption.

Technical

packages

will

address

the

whole

range

information

needed

support

the

introduction

new

technologies

and

overcome

constraint

within

targeted

value

chains.

All

technical

packages

will

incorporate

Good

Agricultural

Practices

and

Climate

Smart

Approaches

(Resilient

Agriculture).

Focus

and

priority

for

the

activities

should

technology

gaps,

including

improved

and

adapted

seed

varieties,

small‐scale

irrigation,

mechanization,

post‐harvest

equipment

and

storage

infrastructure,

and

energy

infrastructure.

addition,

they

will

emphasize

labor‐saving

technologies

support

women’s

dual

roles

entrepreneurs

and

principal

childcare

providers.

Also

explored

the

use

ICT

improve

efficiency

knowledge

transfers

and

monitoring,

for

example,

using

ICT

innovations

extension

tool

reach

wider

community

and

maximizing

the

impact

expert

knowledge.

ICT

tools

can

used

for

advisory

services

and

financial

systems.

These

tools

can

also

used

partner

with

Small

Businesses

engaging

them

with

less

experienced

Senegalese

youth

and

emerging

local

ICT

MSMEs.

Due

the

ZOI

deliberately

selecting

areas

with

very

different

issues,

technical

packages

need

designed

with

the

clients,

ensure

the

best

fit.

For

example,

the

complex

contracting/financing

models

being

introduced

for

SRV

irrigated

rice

may

several

stages

ahead

lowland

rain‐fed

rice

primarily

consumed

households

the

Casamance.

face

climate

change

and

climate

variability

impacts

particularly

rain

fed

cereal

(rainfall)

and

horticulture

(temperature

and

hours

sunshine),

EGO’s

FTF

value

chain

and

climate

information

activities

successfully

implemented

Cross

Cutting

Climate

Response

Integration

based

on:

(i)

Farmer‐led

training

based

climate

change

modules

for

best

practice,

(ii)

Improved

seed

varieties,

(iii)

Climate‐smart

management

systems,

(iv)

Climate

information

services

and

rainfall

tracking

linked

farmer‐owned

databases

and

Regional

Office

for

Rural

Development

(DRDR)

monitoring

system,

and

(v)

Rain

index

insurance.

These

efforts

need

consolidated

the

generation

USAID

interventions.

The

current

model

farmer‐led,

but

get

scale

needs

have

financial

institutions,

processors

and

service

providers

downstream

the

value

chains

simplify

and

streamline.

New

bundled

insurance

products

will

diffuse

risk

across

insurance

business

portfolios,

and

may

lead

lower

premiums,

which

will

turn

attract

farmers.

Insurance

companies,

agricultural

input

lenders

and

processors

sourcing

from

small

holders

also

have

interest

climate

information

production

and

dissemination.

Therefore,

this

sub‐activity

will

promote

innovative

business

models

that

will

provide

climate

information

part

their

market

based

technological

packages.

addition,

this

sub‐activity

will

allow

for

short

‐term

research

projects

produce

readily

applied

solutions

specific

problems.

Strategic

research

may

needed

customize

existing

technologies

local

conditions,

determining

Return‐on‐Investment

accompany

business

planning,

with

focus

climate

resilient

agricultural

technologies

and

practices.

Applied

research

adapted

varieties

drought

and

salinization

good

example.

Such

projects

may

good

experience

for

students

completing

final

year

projects,

partnership

with

private

sector

entities

which

will

make

use

the

research.

Private/contracted

research

MSMEs

could

new

start‐ups

developed

under

sub‐activity

Additional

research

areas

include

water

management,

processing

–

particularly

for

women,

mechanization,

energy,

ICT,

fisheries,

climate

change,

etc.

Sub‐Activity 1.2: MSME Development and Access to Markets

This

sub‐activity

expected

build

USAID

value

chain

development

efforts

focused

rice,

maize

and

millet

northern

Senegal,

while

incorporating

other

sectors

such

horticulture,

that

are

proving

potential

sources

income

and

employment

creation

Southern

Senegal.

Assessments

EGO

staff

southern

Senegal

revealed

substantial

horticultural

activities

and

upland

rice

cultivation,

which

have

not

been

significant

focus

recent

USAID

programs.

These

sectors,

especially

fruits

(mangoes)

and

vegetables

(onions,

lettuce,

eggplant,

etc.)

currently

sell

local

and

regional

markets,

but

face

challenges

that

could

addressed

through

tailored

business

support

services

MSMEs.

EG4ALL

will

focus

providing

technical

support

where

needed

MSMEs

these

value

chains

generate

incomes

producers,

ensure

that

markets

are

developed

and

that

processors

and

packers

can

reliably

and

cost

effectively

contract

production

from

Senegalese

producers.

The

objectives

these

engagements

will

include

the

following:

Improve	collaboration	among	critical	value	chain	participants;
Introduce	more	effective	management	techniques;
Strengthen	links	with	producers,	input	suppliers	and	buyers;
Improve	productivity	quality	and	standardization;	and
Effectively	utilize	innovation	and	technology	to	access	new	markets.

The

MSME

and

market

framework

will

promote

MSME

growth

and

development

through

three

key

channels:

Building

and

strengthening

market

linkages;

Developing

and

enhancing

entrepreneurial,

managerial

and

technical

skills;

and

Improving

the

business

environment.

Building

and

strengthening

market

linkages

The

considerable

experience

with

building

and

strengthening

input

and

output

market

linkages

northern

Senegal

will

used

bolster

the

efficiency

other

value

chains

across

the

ZOI.

This

effort

may

entail

partnerships

with

small

businesses,

developing

information

systems,

publicity,

market

research,

and

outreach

efforts

key

markets

increase

the

capacity

for

Senegal

products

serve

those

markets.

Improved

efficiency

enhances

the

potential

for

Diaspora

investments

key

MSMEs,

well

MSME’s

potential

supply

the

Diaspora.

Improving

the

Business

Environment

important

improve

the

business

environment

reducing

inefficient

administrative

processes

and

high

contract

enforcement

risks

that

substantially

increase

business

costs.

These

burdens

reduce

MSME

competitiveness

MSME

particular

because

they

often

have

lower

profit

margins.

Sub‐Activity 1.3: Innovative Financing

Expanded

use

risk

mitigation

instruments,

such

insurance

will

encouraged.

Providing

low

risk

entry

into

innovative

financial

instruments,

tailored

specific

agricultural

markets

has

been

key

success

the

Naatal

Mbay

project.

This

sub‐activity

will

continue

build

the

confidence

the

local

financial

sector

expand

their

agricultural

portfolios.

Improving

confidence

depends

the

other

parts

the

system

also

becoming

professional

–

functioning

management,

data

collection,

quality

control

etc.

Development

Credit

Authorities

loan

guarantee

agreements

(DCAs)

have

effectively

lowered

the

risk

for

initial

demonstration

the

new

instruments.

However,

other

instruments

are

needed

support

the

cash‐flow

needs

smaller

scale

and

female‐

based

operations.

Interventions

should

expand

innovative

financing

strategies

include

women’s

savings‐and‐loan

groups,

and

mobile

banking

options

for

rural

people

facilitate

affordable

access

short‐term

cash

support

production

activities.

This

sub‐activity

will

expand

use

risk

mitigation

instruments

e.g.

insurance,

increase

financial

agricultural

value

chain

portfolios.

Ongoing

Naatal

Mbay

insurance

work

needs

consolidated

and

linked

with

other

risk

reduction

strategies,

such

the

contracting/finance

package.

Such

synergies

enhance

the

potential

for

scale‐up.

Insurance

products

also

need

efficient

distribution

strategy

such

crop

aggregation

and

credit

distribution

networks.

Independent

farmer

validation

rainfall

data

will

increase

technology

buy‐in,

while

sensitization

and

debriefings

insurance

company

and

distribution

networks

are

needed

build

trust.

Cost

effectiveness

and

competitiveness

will

achieved

through

lasting

working

relationships

with

the

national

weather

agency

and

openness

competing

models.

Sub‐Activity 1.4: Incentives‐based investments in infrastructure and equipment

Equipment

leasing

boosting

mechanization

the

SRV.

Financial

institutions,

insurance,

and

other

service

providers

are

engaged

and

working

with

Naatal

Mbay

ensure

continued

support

and

expanded

services

value

chain

beneficiaries

and

partner

networks.

During

the

2016

fiscal

year,

Naatal

Mbay’s

continuing

extension

efforts

leasing

agreements

instruments

for

promoting

mechanization

agricultural

value

chains

resulted

sharp

increase

funding

allocated

Locafrique,

reaching

US$7

million.

The

greater

part

these

lease‐to‐buy

agreements

involve

combine

harvesters,

tractors/implements,

but

also

rice

mills.

Furthermore,

the

GOS

has

developed

partnership

with

Locafrique

fund

farmer

contributions

facilitate

the

turnaround

the

subsidized

equipment

program.

This

innovative

way

mitigate

subsidy

distortions

equipment

financing

markets.

However,

agriculture

mechanization

service

markets

will

still

impacted

the

GOS

continues

provide

subsidies.

Under

the

agricultural

equipment

program

known

DGE‐Kits,

Naatal

Mbay,

collaboration

with

ASPRODEB,

Société

Industrielle

Sahélienne

Mécaniques,

Matériels

Agricoles

Représentations

(SISMAR),

Institut

Technologie

Alimentaire

(ITA),

Institut

Sénégalais

Recherche

Agricole

(ISRA)‐BAME

and

CNCAS

has

introduced

innovative

financing

mechanism

small

agricultural

equipment

with

credit

US$146,000

disbursed

Credit

Agricole

Sénégal

(CNCAS)

for

the

acquisition

234

production

kits

and

processing

equipment.

Even

the

value

appears

modest

compared

the

value

leased

equipment

the

SRV,

this

mechanism

departs

from

the

prevailing

practice

SFZ

farmers

rely

Government

subsidies

for

their

mechanization

needs

and

opens

the

path

private

sector‐led

growth.

The

initiative

included

Naatal

Mbay

support

for

the

training

local

artisans

the

manufacturing

rippers

and

the

maintenance

agricultural

equipment

guarantee

the

sustainability

the

program.

There

beginning

small

scale

equipment

financing

that

needs

confirmed

2019

and

scaled

EG4ALL

after

2019.

medium

and

long

term

financing

mechanisms

are

needed

enhance

private

sector

involvement

mechanization

build

infrastructure

such

storages

irrigation

schemes.

Following

the

profiling

and

mapping

the

SRV’s

458

functioning

small‐scale

rice

mills,

Naatal

Mbay

implementing

upgrade

plans.

These

plans

will

the

basis

for

the

implementation

holistic

support

program

that

will

involve

range

actors

(CNCAS,

Locafrique,

JICA,

Société

d'aménagement

d'exploitation

des

terres

delta

[SAED],

Centre

Interprofessionnel

Formation

des

Agriculteurs

[CIFA],

ITA,

ASPRODEB,

ADPME

and

Bureau

Mise

Niveau).

Through

the

same

approach

EG4ALL

will

invest

upgrading

equipment

and

processes

MSMEs

that

are

processing

cereals

and

horticulture

products

the

SRV

well

the

SFZ,

and

the

fisheries

industry.

Furthermore,	possibilities	offered	by	vocational	training,	research	centers	or	local	artisans	in
developing	innovative	equipment	will	be	pursued.

Financial

institutions,

insurance,

and

other

service

providers

are

engaged

and

working

with

the

current

project

ensure

continued

support

and

expanded

services

value

chain

beneficiaries

and

partner

networks.

Key strategic investments to be considered by EG4ALL are:

● Water

availability

and

accessibility

particularly

for

ensuring

year‐round

activity

for

small

scale

farmers

the

SFZ

‐

something

particular

importance

for

women

producers

lowland

rice‐producing

areas.

The

Wula

Nafaa

polder

systems

may

modified

store

water

the

end

the

wet

season

–

currently

the

water

must

removed

allow

planting

dry

season

crops.

● Energy for agriculture by leveraging small‐scale investment opportunities, such as Power Africa.

● Local	development	of	innovative	farming	or	processing	equipment	that	will	enhance
productivity	and	make	agriculture	more	attractive	for	youth	and	less	burdensome	for

women.

● Storage	infrastructure	needed	to	scale	up	the	contracting	agriculture	financial	model	and
the	warehouse	receipt	model.

● Climate

information

collecting

equipment

along

with

the

scale

climate

insurance

and

best

adaptation

practices

adoption.

This

will

include

climate

equipment

needed

capture

information

required

invest

energy

for

agriculture.

The

sustainable

use

and

management

this

equipment

will

ensured

through

demand

driven

partnership

with

relevant

GOS

entities,

research

centers

and

universities.

Naatal

Mbay

used

similar

process

with

ANACIM

for

the

automatic

rain

gauges

that

allowed

the

development

climate

index

insurance.

5.2 Activity 2: Nutritious Food System Services

Nutritious

Food

System

Services

(NFSS)

will

expand

Yaajeende

and

SPRING’s

work

around

awareness,

access,

and

use

nutritious

foods

and

products

essential

for

good

health

and

addressing

nutritional

deficiencies.

Increasing

consumption

healthy,

nutritious,

and

safe

diets

(as

measured

indicators

such

minimum

acceptable

diet

for

children

under

age

two

and

minimum

dietary

diversity

among

women)

requires

continued

strengthening

the

food

system,

behavior

change

communications,

and

local

governance

food

security.

All

three

these

efforts

rely

strong

engagement,

investment,

and

partnership

both

the

private

and

public

sectors.

The

NFSS

Activity’s

primary

target

population

women

reproductive

age

and

children

under

age

five.

However,

order

achieve

sustainable

positive

impacts

for

these

groups,

the

whole

community

must

engaged,

particularly

youth

and

influential

actors,

such

husbands,

grandmothers,

and

village

religious

leaders.

Households

across

the

ZOI

will

need

employ

variety

strategies

successfully

access

all

the

foods

needed

for

healthy

diet

throughout

the

year.

Improved

homestead

production

alone,

while

important

piece

the

solution,

insufficient

address

the

gamut

nutritional

deficiencies,

particularly

given

that

most

Senegalese

purchase

majority

their

food.

Likewise,

increased

incomes

and

access

markets

alone

are

also

inadequate.

Evidence

shows

that

these

two

factors,

while

helpful

for

reducing

under‐nutrition,

are

also

associated

with

increased

overweight,

obesity,

and

nutrition‐related

non‐communicable

diseases

(diabetes,

cardiovascular

disease,

etc).

The

market

must

better

job

providing

the

right

foods,

sufficient

quantities,

affordable

price,

all

year

long.

Taking

holistic

view

the

food

system

and

nutritional

deficiencies,

EG4ALL

will

prioritize

agriculture

development

activities

that

increase

the

availability

and

affordability

critical

nutritious

foods

while

also

increasing

incomes

and

economic

stability

(resilience).

EG4ALL

will

also

increase

awareness,

among

market

actors

and

consumers,

about

the

risks

associated

with

consuming

low

quality

foods

(high

sugar,

low

fiber,

poor

nutrient

density,

etc.).

This

can

include

promoting:

household

production

(fruits,

vegetables,

legumes,

and

livestock)

for

home

consumption

and/or

for

sale;

commercial

production

and

marketing;

agriculture

input

and

service

enterprises;

nutrition

enterprises;

food

preservation

and

processing

(for

home

consumption

and/or

for

sale);

pass‐on‐the‐gift

and

livestock

enterprises;

and

on.

Approaches

that

effectively

integrate

gender

considerations

and

promote

women’s

empowerment

will

also

prioritized.

the

principal

providers

family

meals

and

childcare,

women

the

ZOI

play

central

role

child

nutrition.

Thus,

the

NFSS

Activity

will

support

women’s

capacities

generate

income,

access

the

needed

foods,

ensure

proper

child

feeding

and

care,

and

maintain

their

own

health

and

nutrition.

This

will

achieved

through

increased

access

information

and

knowledge,

economic

resources,

and

social

cohesion

activities

that

generate

community

support

for

women’s

increasing

autonomy

and

power.

will

also

support

men’s

understanding

nutrition

and

the

important

role

they

can

play

improve

child

nutrition

and

food

security.

Lessons

from

Yaajeende

illustrate

that

women

with

strong

support

network

tend

derive

benefit

from

activity

interventions.

Ensuring

that

markets

and

economic

growth

benefit

the

poor

requires

effective

public‐private

partnership

and

collaboration.

This

particularly

relevant

for

nutritional

outcomes,

given

that

there

very

short,

yet

critical

window

child

development

that

occurs

between

conception

and

age

five.

particular,

poor

nutrition

during

the

first

1,000

days

(from

conception

age

two)

can

permanently

impair

child’s

health

and

cognitive

ability

for

life.

Therefore,

effective

public

and

civic

engagement

the

local

level

very

important

ensure

that

markets

serve

the

broadest

swathe

the

population

possible

and

that

effective,

sustainable

safety

nets

programs

are

place

help

the

vulnerable

meet

their

immediate

nutritional

needs

they

work

climb

out

poverty.

For

example,

Yaajeende

currently

supports

local

governments

partner

with

civil

society

and

private

sector

promote

nutrition‐related

best

practices,

nutritional

gardens,

children’s

granaries,

and

pass‐on‐the‐gift

livestock

programs,

among

others.

order

avoid

becoming

actor

the

food

system,

and

thus

generating

dependence

EG4ALL,

the

NFSS

Activity

will

take

facilitative

approach

all

interventions.

When

assessing

potential

interventions,

will

always

consider

the

following:

● Which

services

are

best

suited

address

this

critical

problem

need?

● Which

actors

the

local

system

can

and

should

providing

that

service?

● What	obstacles	or	challenges	are	preventing	them	from	doing	so?
● How	can	EG4ALL	help	local	actors	address	those	challenges	(without	generating

dependence or distorting markets)?

Yaajeende

learned,

communities

the

ZOI

are

accustomed

projects

that

provide

many

subsidies,

and

thus,

are

the

habit

waiting

for

the

government

donor

assistance

solve

their

problems.

Given

this

context,

adherence

facilitative

approach

particularly

important.

best

build

upon

local

institutions

and

opportunities

and

allow

local

actors

lead

and

invest

problem

solving.

Therefore,

concerted

effort

will

made

develop

local

capacity

deliver

activities

from

the

outset,

these

are

the

people

who

stay

the

local

area,

unlike

Project

staff.

While

solutions

may

not

always

take

the

expected

form

and

results

may

build

slowly,

the

end,

achievements

will

solid

and

sustainable.

The

NFSS

Activity

will

collaborate

significantly

with

the

other

Activities.

While

the

Value

Chain

Services

Activity

will

work

the

market

(or

local

economy)

level

advance

income,

employment,

and

food

availability

and

affordability

within

limited

set

strategic

value

chains,

the

NFSS

Activity

will

focus

strengthening

the

market’s

ability

supply

the

target

population

with

the

full

range

foods

needed

for

healthy

diet.

This

implies

promoting

broader

set

foods,

including

linking

with

the

Sustainable

Ecosystem

and

Fisheries

Management

Services

Activity

increase

access

fish

products

across

the

ZOI.

also

implies

significant

work

the

community

level

ensure

that

all

the

pieces

come

together,

translating

into

improved

diets.

The

NFSS

Activity

will

also

advise

the

Value

Chain

Services

and

Sustainable

Ecosystem

and

Fisheries

Management

Services

Activities

ensure

that

those

activities

are

nutrition‐sensitive

and

not

inadvertently

detract

from

nutrition

goals

(for

example,

taking

into

account

mothers’

time

and

energy

requirements;

favoring

varieties

and

processing

techniques

that

enhance

nutrition;

etc.).

Further,

the

NFSS

Activity

will

collaborate

with

the

Value

Chain

Services

and

Employment

Organizational

Services

Activities

support

the

profitability,

growth,

and

sustainability

emerging

enterprises

(nutrition,

livestock,

and

other

agriculture‐related

enterprises).

Finally,

the

NFSS

Activity

will

collaborate

with

the

Policy

Activity

ensure

coherence

between

national

and

local

level

governance

efforts.

Activity

Objective:

Facilitate

access

and

use

nutritious

foods,

products,

and

information,

using

mixed‐market

approach

Sub‐Activity 2.1: Nutrition Analysis

There

still

much

learned

the

nutrition

field.

The

Nutrition

Analysis

activity

will

generate

locally

relevant

results

that

will

used

improve

the

fit

and

efficiency

Project

investments.

will

designed

get

closer

the

key

causes

malnutrition,

plug

further

gaps

the

nutritional

adequacy

available

foods,

and

support

efficient

use

public

and

private

resources

aiming

improve

nutritional

outcomes.

Nutritional

Analysis

activities

will

include

the

following,

needed

across

the

ZOI.

A. Localized

nutritional

assessments

across

the

ZOI.

collaboration

with

local

actors,

institutions,

and

experts,

EG4ALL

will:

● Assess

the

primary

drivers

malnutrition

the

various

agro‐ecological

zones

the

ZOI.

Senegal’s

landscape

nutritional

outcomes

characterized

considerable

regional

heterogeneity.

the

case

stunting,

while

use

health

services

and

household

asset

ownership

appear

play

role

the

major

determinants

remain

unexplained.

● Assess

the

nutritional

quality

and

sufficiency

the

locally‐available

food

basket

and

opportunities

for

improvement.

Where

gaps

exist,

EG4ALL

will

work

with

local

public

and

private

sector

actors

identify

culturally

appropriate

solutions

(e.g.,

dried

fish

from

the

coast

for

sale

local

markets;

private

sector

provision

seeds/inputs

for

local

production

key

foods;

partnership

with

local

research

institutions

adapt

nutrient‐

dense

varieties

the

local

context

improve

the

nutritional

quality

local

varieties)

● Assess	the	affordability	of	a	nutritious	diet	throughout	the	year.
● Assess	how	gender	dynamics	impact	nutritional	outcomes,	including	women’s
empowerment,	men’s	engagement,	and	elders’	influence.

● Assess

the

effectiveness

social

safety

nets

public

services

promoting

good

nutrition

and

food

security.

● Assess	the	level	of	private	sector	service	provision	and	opportunities	for	expansion.
B. Local	adaptation	of	quality	varieties/seed	for	nutrient‐dense	foods	(bio‐fortification;

legumes;	etc.)
C. Nutritional	value	analysis	for	whole	and	processed	foods	(high	protein,	micro‐nutrients,

and	fiber;	low	sugar).	While	some	processing	techniques	can	enhance	nutritional	quality,
others	can	greatly	diminish	it.	This	activity	will	inform	practices	and	technologies
promoted	across	EG4ALL.

D. Nutrition Information System (harmonization and coordination of nutritional status measurements)

Sub‐Activity 2.2: Local Private Sector Capacity for Food Security and Nutrition

Agriculture

inputs

and

services

will

need

supplied

increase

diversity,

productivity,

availability,

and

affordability

nutritious

food

crops

and

products

(fortified

flours,

etc).

This

suits

private

sector

entities

such

Community

Based

Service

Provider

(CBSP)

networks,

the

nascent

CultiVert

franchise,

producer

organizations,

commercial

producers,

and

other

nutrition

social

enterprises.

These

entities

will

ideal

for

also

distributing

nutrition

information

promote

both

the

sale

their

products

well

healthy,

productive

membership

client

base

(in

coordination

with

the

SBCC

activity

below).

Such

businesses

are

also

ideal

vehicles

for

women’s

empowerment

and

youth

employment.

Therefore,

this

component

will

build

the

efforts

Yaajeende

(CBSP

and

CultiVert)

and

SPRING

(six

partner

producer

organizations)

strengthen

local

private

sector

entities’

ability

provide

inputs,

services,

and

information

the

target

population.

The

activity

will

link

with

the

Entrepreneurship	and	Vocational	Development	Services	Activity	for	equipping	private	sector	entities
with	enhanced	entrepreneurial	and	business	skills.

Producer

organizations

and

CBSP

networks

(including

CultiVert)

are

particularly

well

positioned

take

leadership

role

influencing

the

development

the

food

system,

partnership

with

local

governance

efforts.

They

have

strong

ties

the

community,

provide

variety

services,

and

link

thousands

small

producers

markets.

Their

success

inextricably

linked

with

that

their

population

base,

and

have

strong

incentive

provide

quality

services

that

advance

their

well‐

being

and

profitability.

The

activity

will

support

these

entities

to:

promote

nutrient‐dense

crop

varieties;

increase

access

inputs

and

markets

via

aggregation;

increase

access

finance;

expand

the

reach

improved

technologies

and

best

agricultural

practices;

and

provide

information

financial

planning

and

household

practices

that

promote

strong

businesses

and

healthy

families.

Commercial

producers

will

play

important

role

testing

and

expanding

new

varieties

and

increasing

the

availability

array

nutrient‐dense

foods.

This

increased

supply,

and

the

associated

reduction

market

price,

will

help

families

better

afford

nutritious

diet.

Also,

will

spur

nutrition

and

livestock

enterprises

that

rely

large,

regular

supply

produce

food

products

for

sale.

When

associated

with

producer

organizations,

commercial

producers

also

can

act

anchor

firms,

attracting

larger‐scale

investment

and

partnerships,

the

benefit

their

fellow

producer

organization

members.

This

sub‐activity

will

also

collaborate

with

the

other

Activities

harmonize

its

private

sector

facilitation

approach.

Sub‐Activity 2.3: Local Governance for Food Security and Nutrition

While

the

EG4ALL

approach

aims

improve

the

food

system,

and

ultimately

increase

consumption

nutritious

diets,

through

private

sector

(for‐profit)

systems

the

greatest

extent

possible,

the

public

sector

and

civil

society

will

always

have

important

role

play.

This

includes

monitoring

and

regulating

the

food

system

and

implementing

programs

and

policies

spur

growth

and

protect

the

vulnerable.

such,

local

governance

capacity

building

requires

steady

attention.

This

sub‐activity

will

support

local

governance

capacity

lead

and

oversee

local

food

security

and

nutrition.

Local

governance

institutions

(which

bring

together

public

sector,

private

sector,

and

civil

society)

are

the

appropriate

actors

develop

and

implement

vision

for

food

system

development,

coherence

with

national

strategies.

The

activity

will

help

local

governance

institutions:

learn

how

harness

markets

address

nutrition

issues;

plan,

implement,

and

monitor

activities

that

sustainably

promote

nutrition

and

food

security;

advocate

for

additional

support;

build

effective

partnerships;

strengthen

their

organizational

systems;

and

effectively

manage

their

resources.

This

sub‐activity

will

build

Yaajeende’s

partnership

with

municipalities

(collectivités

locales)

Matam,

Bakel,

Kedougou,

and

Kolda,

well

SPRING’s

partnership

with

the

Cellule

Lutte

Contre

Malnutrition’s

(CLM)

Nutrition

Strengthening

Project

(PRN)

Fatick,

Kaolack,

and

Kaffrine

lessons

learned

and

expand

local

governance

efforts

across

the

ZOI.

While

the

make‐up

local

governance

institutions

may

vary

somewhat

from

region

region,

they

will

all

seek

leverage

local

markets

and

opportunities

enhance

the

food

system

and

offer

social

programs

and

safety

nets

adapted

the

local

context.

Examples

successful

governance

interventions

implemented

under

Yaajeende

include:

municipal

citizen

working

groups

and

village

steering

committees;

municipal

food

security

and

nutrition

plans;

local

safety

net

programs,

such

Pass‐on‐Gift

livestock

and

children’s

food

banks;

women’s

groups

for

empowerment

and

asset

building;

nutritional

garden

promotion;

and

partnerships

with

local

private

sector

for

variety

services.

This

sub‐activity

will

link

with

the

Policy

Activity,

USAID

Governance

activities

(e.g.

GOLD),

USAID

Health

Project,

USAID

SENWASH

Project,

and

other

food

security

and

governance

projects

(GOS

and

donors).

Sub‐Activity 2.4: Social & Behavior Change Communications (SBCC) for Nutrition and Food Security

Effective	communications	are	essential	to	build	demand	for	nutritious	foods	and	increase
awareness	of	nutrition‐promoting	practices.	This	sub‐activity	will	employ	a	range	of
communications	techniques	to	raise	nutrition	awareness	to	complement	the	other	three	activities,
such	as:

● Community‐level	activities	(mother	groups,	father	groups,	home	visits,	community
video,	etc.);

● Social	mobilization	events	(caravans,	fairs,	etc.);	and
● Mass	media	(radio)	campaigns	and	programs.

the

greatest

extent

possible,

communications

vehicles

will

driven

the

local

actors

with

vested

interest,

namely

the

private

sector

entities

and

governance

institutions

described

above.

This

activity

will

focus

building

the

capacity

those

actors

sustainably

carry

out

quality

communications

concert

with

their

regular

activities.

Yaajeende

has

had

great

success

delivering

nutrition

messages

mother

groups

via

CBSPs

specializing

nutrition

and

hygiene

products

and

services.

addition,

SPRING

has

found

that

producer

organizations

are

quite

eager

integrate

nutrition‐promotion

into

their

broader

missions.

SPRING

also

conducting

promising

pilot

activity

making

community

videos

with

local

production

units

and

disseminating

them

through

the

producer

organization

networks

via

community‐based

service

providers.

The

SBCC

sub‐activity

will

build

these

lessons

and

seek

strengthen

the

underlying

business

models

for

increased

scale

and

sustainability.

The

sub‐activity

will

also

seek

develop

strategic

partnerships

with

private

sector

and

the

CLM

scale

nutrition

messaging,

such

the

existing

initiative

with

Sonatel/Orange

expand

the

“Manger

Orange”

campaign.

collaboration

with

the

local

governance

and

private

sector

activities,

the

SBCC

activity

will

also

have

strong

focus

promoting

the

social

and

economic

empowerment

upon

which

behavior

change

depends.

Simply

relaying

information

not

enough.

For

example,

the

Yaajeende

experience

revealed

that

economic

and

social

constraints

limited

women’s

ability

fully

adopt

recommended

practices,

such

exclusive

breastfeeding,

despite

their

desire

so.

The

sub‐activity

will

further,

attempting

find

ways

make

adopting

best

practices

easy,

especially

for

those

practices

that

are

historically

difficult

impact,

such

handwashing,

proper

complementary

feeding,

and

exclusive

breastfeeding.

Here

strong

linkages

will

expected

with

CLM;

USAID

SENWASH,

particularly

hygiene

and

sanitation;

and

the

USAID

Health

Project

community

health

interventions.

5.3 Activity 3: Entrepreneurship and Vocational Development Services

There

are

considerable

opportunities

and

great

need

for

employment,

job

creation

and

organizational

service

capacity

building

across

EG4ALL’s

Activities

and

targeted

value

chains.

The

different

Activities

the

PAD

combine

facilitate

this

local

capacity

development

and

build

cross‐

activity

synergies

for

youth

and

local

institutional

development

essential

supporting

achievement

EG4ALL

objectives

(Figure

6).

This

Activity

directly

supports

EG4ALL’s

core

MSME

Strategy,

discussed

the

sections.

Direct

links

the

Value

Chains

Services,

Nutrition,

and

Fisheries

activities

will

identify

and

foster

relevant

services

and

associated

employment

opportunities

within

these

targeted

value

chains.

Focus

agricultural

and

food‐related

enterprises

will

meet

critical

national

needs

and

exploit

the

recognized

multiplier

effects

growth

the

agricultural

sector.

markets

develop,

increasing

demand

for

higher

quality

and

reliable

goods

and

services

provides

“pull”

for

development

entrepreneurial,

organizational

and

technical

skills.

This

“pull”

along

with

the

“push”

provided

Activity

will

drive

development

local

system

for

innovation

and

entrepreneurial

development

that

will

foster

sustainability

and

efficiency

EG4ALL

activities.

The

structure

the

activities

and

facilitation

approach

local

system

development

avoids

the

unsustainability

inherent

‘project‐centric’

activity

and

the

inefficiency

found

reliance

individual

public

private

organizations.

The

Activity

recognizes

that

training

alone

often

inadequate

lead

employment

enterprise

development,

but

that

broader

mentoring

and

facilitation

support

often

effective.

The

Activity

will

support

services

for

both

human

and

institutional

capacity

development.

The

human

capacity

skills

technical

areas,

entrepreneurship

and

business

skill

are

essential

productive

employment

opportunities.

Organizational

capacity

builds

the

human

talent

and

provides

institutional

vehicles

for

development.

The

Activity

will

respond

and

build

the

opportunities

from

technical

and

market

development

provided

innovation

agriculture

and

fishery

value

chains

and

nutritional

innovations.

The

Policy

Activity

will

support

improvements

the

operating

environment

for

these

developments.

(See

Figure

6).

The

local

capacity

development

services

will

important

multiple

institutions.

Engagement

with

local

governance

networks

will

critical,

all

concerned

favor

local

solutions

involving

local

people.

This

will

especially

important

the

nutrition‐related

capacity

development

that

will

target

development

local

entities.

GOS

resources

may

also

accessed

for

extension

input

and

other

support.

Community

and

producer

groups

will

key

participants

agricultural	value	chain	development	and	require	substantial	support	in	transitioning	to	more
sound	business	practices	and	approaches.

During

multiple

field

visits,

the

USAID

EGO

team

found

that

burgeoning

formal

agri‐business

sector

already

exists.

comprised

mostly

MSMEs

which

are

hampered

lack

adequate

technical

support,

specialized

training,

long

term

vision,

and

access

credit,

among

other

things.

MSME

operators

see

opportunities

but

often

lack

the

wherewithal

engage

and

the

capacity

attract

banks

and

investors

the

sector

and

need

Business

Development

Services

(BDS)

and

technical

skills

transform

good

ideas

into

viable

businesses.

the

same

time,

the

dynamic

informal

sector

the

major

source

jobs

Senegal

and

likely

remain

for

quite

some

time.

The

sector

creates

jobs,

generates

income

and

adds

value

but

remains

highly

unstructured

with

weak

entrepreneurial

skills

and

other

factors

limiting

access

formal

markets.

According

the

USAID/Senegal

EGO

Youth

Assessment

(2016),

some

52.2%

youth

live

rural

areas

(ANSD,

2014),

and

nearly

32%

are

underemployed

(ANPEJ,

2016).

Youth

are

affected

disproportionately

poverty,

conflict,

unemployment

and

exclusion.

Yet

youth

are

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