GM 02-19 Geotechnical Data Memo - Ankeny Hill Nature Center FINAL.pdf

Memorandum Western Federal Lands Highway Division

610 E. Fifth Street

Vancouver, WA 98661

DATE: January 16, 2019

TO: Matthew Miller, Project Manager

FROM: Orion George, Engineering Geologist

COPIES: Stephen Henry, Assistant Materials Engineer

Nathan Jenks, Geotechnical Engineer & Geotechnical Team Lead

SUBJECT: Geotechnical Memorandum GM 02-19

Geotechnical Data Memorandum

Ankeny Hill Nature Center Improvement, OR FWS ANK 13588(1)

Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge, Marion County, Oregon

INTRODUCTION

This memorandum summarizes findings of the geotechnical subsurface exploration and laboratory testing performed for the subject project at Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) by Western

Federal Lands Highway Division (WFLHD). The purpose of this memorandum is to only provide data from the exploration and laboratory testing programs. Analysis and recommendations are not included and any final geotechnical recommendations will be provided by the A/E consultant responsible for developing the design for the proposed project.

The NWR is currently constructing the Ankeny Nature Center (ANC) off of Ankeny Hill Road approximately 5 miles south of Salem, Oregon (Figure 1). WFLHD was not involved in the design or construction of this new building which houses the ANC. This new facility is expected to increase visitation. The proposed project includes the following as shown in Figure 1:

1. Addition of a new paved access road off of Ankeny Hill Road, an automatic gate at the driveway, box culvert, parking lots, and storm water abatement associated with the Nature

Center at the Ankeny Hill overlook,

2. Addition of a new paved access road off Buena Vista Road and parking lot at the Peregrine

Marsh Outdoor Classroom site, and

3. Addition of two new trails within the 25 acre Ankeny Hill Management Unit

a. An approximately 750 feet accessible gravel loop trail to and around the Experience

Zone, and

b. A longer three-quarters of a mile accessible gravel look trail to Peregrine Marsh.

Scope for the geotechnical site investigation was to gather subsurface information in support of the design of the development plan. Data was collected from two Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer borings (hand driven), six hand soil pits, and six excavator test pits logged by engineering geologist

Orion George on November 15 and 16, 2018 (Figure 1). A hand push probe was also used at select sites for relative density within the project area. Excavator test pits were dug with a John Deere 410G backhoe by NWR operator Matt Wither with WFLHD assistant materials engineers Stephen Henry and Dave Merriman present on November 15, 2018.

SITE GEOLOGY and SOILS

Bedrock geology at the project site is interpreted as possible Eugene Formation (Te?)1, which is described as middle Oligocene to upper Eocene aged (27.82 – 37.82 million years old) thin to moderately thick bedded fine to coarse grained sandstone and siltstone that is palagonitic, meaning partially derived from altered volcanic glass. The Formation is also locally pumiceous (containing volcanic pumice material). Older quaternary alluvium (Qoal) is mapped below and west of the project site1. This geologic unit is described as poorly consolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel marginal to stream channels and filling lowland plains.

Soils are mapped in the project area as silt loam or silt clay loam2. Appendix A is a Custom Soil

Resource Report which names and describes mapped soil units in the project area2.

SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION

Surficial and subsurface exploration at the site consisted of six excavator test pits (Figure 1; Appendix

B) with samples collected for materials testing, six surficial soil pit grab samples (lab testing not conducted on surficial grab samples), and two Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer borings (Figure 1 and Appendices B, C, and D). A hand, push probe was also used to assess relative density at 11 of the

14 sample sites (Figure 1 and Table 1). Logs for test pits, notes for soils pits, and Wildcat boring logs are included in Appendix C. Test pits were performed using equipment (John Deere 410G back hoe) and personnel supplied by NWR (Appendix B). Soil pits were dug using a shovel. Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer borings were completed to estimate in situ soil densities and/or consistencies

(Appendix D). Sample, boring, and push probe results and locations are summarized on Table 1 and shown on Figure 1.

Residences near the proposed Nature Center have had water wells drilled. Well logs associated with the water wells are available from a search on the State of Oregon Water Resources Department’s online Well Report Query3. Well log reports are not provided with this memorandum.

SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

The dominant soil type encountered was lean clay with various amounts of silt and sand. Other soil types encountered include silt with varying amounts of fine sand, fine sand with various amounts of silt and medium sand to gravel, and some sandy fat clay observed at test pit TP18-01. Gravel was

1 Walker, G.W. and R.A. Duncan, 1989, Geologic map of the Salem 1° by 2° quadrangle, western Oregon:

U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1893, scale 1: 250,000.

2 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2018, Web Soil Survey:

http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx (accessed November, 2018).

3 Oregon State, Water Resources Department, 2018, Well Report Query:

https://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/gw/well_log/Default.aspx (accessed November, 2018).

http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx https://apps.wrd.state.or.us/apps/gw/well_log/Default.aspx observed in the upper 3.9 feet at test pit TP18-04. Materials observed and not tested at sample sites are similar. Results of testing and field work suggest that subsurface conditions are fairly homogenous across the project area, with the caveat that the investigation was limited to observations at sites listed in Table 1. No bedrock was encountered in any of the test or soil pits.

Two hand driven Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer borings characterized soil consistency and density. Logs for the Wildcat borings are in Appendix D. Boring WC18-01 is at the location of the proposed entrance gate to the Nature Center and correlated to materials tested from test pit TP18-01.

Material density ranged from very loose to medium dense and consistency ranged from very soft to hard. The least competent material recorded ranged from 4.9 feet to 10.2 feet below ground surface;

WC18-01 was driven to a depth of 20.7 feet below ground surface with density mostly loose with some zones of medium dense below 10.5 feet deep. Boring WC18-02 correlates to shallow soil pit

SP18-02 along with a hand driven push probe that penetrated 10.5 inches below ground surface.

Material density recorded at WC18-02 ranged from very loose to medium dense. The least competent zone encountered at WC18-02 ranged from 2.6 feet to 3.6 feet below ground surface.

Details of subsurface conditions observed from the test pits, soil pits, Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer borings, and push probe explorations are located in Appendices C and D and Tables 1 and 2. Photographs of test pits and representative photographs of a soil pit, push probe exploration, and a Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer boring are included in Appendix B

No groundwater was observed, however the bottom of test pit TP18-01 (10.5 feet below ground surface) was moist to wet. Weather conditions had been unseasonably dry and warm leading up to this field investigation and it was communicated to me by NWR staff that conditions are traditionally quite wet at the test pit locations in November during a typical year.

LABORATORY MATERIALS TESTING

Selected, representative soil samples were submitted to the WFLHD Materials Laboratory for testing. Laboratory test reports are contained in Appendix E. The following is a list of tests that were completed on the selected soil samples and the standards that were followed:

• Particle Size Analysis - AASHTO T88

• Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index – AASHTO T 89/90

• Natural Moisture – AASHTO T 265

• Direct Shear – AASHTO T 236

The results of the soil tests were used to classify the samples per the Unified Soil Classification

System (USCS). The USCS is reported on the boring logs.

CLOSING

If you should have any questions or concerns with the information presented herein, please contact engineering geologist Orion George at 360-619-7634.

Figures and Tables:

Figure 1 Map of the project area with exploration sites and proposed infrastructure.

Table 1 Exploration sites detailing type of exploration, date of exploration, coordinates, and depth.

Table 2 Hand soil pit sampling depth, push probe exploration depth, and material interpreted in the field.

Attachments:

ATTACHMENT A Custom Soil Resource Report for Ankeny Nature Center

ATTACHMENT B Field Photographs of Test Pits TP18-02 – TP18-06 and Representative

Photographs of Soil Pits, Push Probe Explorations, and Wildcat

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Borings

ATTACHMENT C Test Pit Logs

ATTACHMENT D Wildcat Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Boring Logs

ATTACHMENT E Laboratory Materials Testing Results

Figure 1 Map of the Ankeny Nature Center Improvement project with proposed plans and exploration sites. Details of the individual explorations sites are tabulated in Tables 1 and 2. Contours are on a 5 foot interval and labeled at a 40 foot interval.

Table 1 Exploration sites detailing type of exploration, date of exploration, coordinates, and depth.

Table 2 Hand soil pit sampling depth, push probe exploration depth, and material interpreted in the field.

Site Type (1) Investigation

Date

Coordinates2 Depth3

(ft)

Push Probe

Depth3, 4 (in) Latitude Longitude

TP18-01 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.800701 -123.062167 10.5 ---

TP18-02 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.801126 -123.062871 6.6 8.0

TP18-03 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.801784 -123.063468 5.5 4.5

TP18-04 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.802143 -123.063443 5.5 10.0

TP18-05 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.804699 -123.066148 5.0 8.5

TP18-06 Test pit 11/15/2018 44.804780 -123.065783 6.0 11.0

SP18-01 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.803615 -123.065622 1.5 ---

SP18-02 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.802985 -123.065815 1.4 10.5

SP18-03 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.802240 -123.066049 1.7 21.0

SP18-04 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.800514 -123.064786 1.8 18.0

SP18-05 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.801156 -123.063640 1.8 12.5

SP18-06 Hand soil pit 11/16/2018 44.802817 -123.063958 1.6 14.0

WC18-01 Wildcat5 11/15/2018 44.800733 -123.062162 20.7 14.0

WC18-02 Wildcat5 11/15/2018 44.802986 -123.065823 6.6 ---

Notes:

1. Test pits were bulk sampled for laboratory materials testing, soils pits had grab samples collected and were not laboratory tested, and Wildcat borings tested in situ relative density

2. Coordinate system used, WGS84.

3. Depth below ground surface in feet or inches as noted.

4. ---, not sampled.

5. Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer.

Site Type Sample

Depth1 (in)

Push Probe

Depth1, 2 (in) Material3

SP18-01 Hand soil pit 18 ---fine sandy SILT with clay and organics, stiff, brown dry to moist

SP18-02 Hand soil pit 17 10.5 fine sandy SILT, stiff, brown, dry to moist

SP18-03 Hand soil pit 21 21.0 fine sandy SILT (or silty FINE SAND) stiff (medium dense), brown, moist

SP18-04 Hand soil pit 22 18.0 fine sandy SILT (or silty FINE SAND) stiff (medium dense), brown, moist

SP18-05 Hand soil pit 22 12.5 silty FINE SAND with gravel, medium dense, brown, moist sub-rounded to rounded

SP18-06 Hand soil pit 20 14.0 fine sandy SILT, stiff to very stiff, brown, dry to moist

Notes:

1. Inches below ground surface.

2. ---, no data.

3. Soil classification given is the Unified Soil Classification System and based on field identification.

APPENDIX A

Custom Soil Resource Report for Ankeny Nature Center

United States Department of Agriculture

A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants

Custom Soil Resource Report for

Marion County Area, Oregon Ankeny Nature Center

Natural Resources Conservation Service

November 5, 2018

Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.

They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.

Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.

The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053951).

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/ https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?cid=nrcs142p2_053951 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Contents Preface How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil Map

Soil Map Legend Map Unit Legend Map Unit Descriptions

Marion County Area, Oregon Am—Amity silt loam Da—Dayton silt loam SwD—Steiwer silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes Wc—Wapato silty clay loam WlA—Willamette silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes WuC—Woodburn silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes WuD—Woodburn silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

References

How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.

Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).

Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.

The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.

These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.

Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.

Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and

Custom Soil Resource Report identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

Soil Map

494600 494700 494800 494900 495000 495100

494600 494700 494800 494900 495000 495100

44° 48' 22'' N

3°

' 8 '' W

44° 48' 22'' N

3°

' 4

0' ' W

44° 47' 56'' N

3°

' 8

'' W

44° 47' 56'' N

3°

' 4

0' ' W

N

Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 10N WGS84 0 150 300 600 900

Feet 0 50 100 200 300

Meters Map Scale: 1:3,950 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION

Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI)

Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons

Soil Map Unit Lines

Soil Map Unit Points

Special Point Features Blowout

Borrow Pit

Clay Spot

Closed Depression

Gravel Pit

Gravelly Spot

Landfill

Lava Flow

Marsh or swamp

Mine or Quarry

Miscellaneous Water

Perennial Water

Rock Outcrop

Saline Spot

Sandy Spot

Severely Eroded Spot

Sinkhole

Slide or Slip

Sodic Spot

Spoil Area

Stony Spot

Very Stony Spot

Wet Spot

Other

Special Line Features

Water Features Streams and Canals

Transportation Rails

Interstate Highways

US Routes

Major Roads

Local Roads

Background Aerial Photography

The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:20,000.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)

Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Marion County Area, Oregon Survey Area Data: Version 15, Sep 18, 2018

Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 16, 2015—Feb 12, 2017

The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Map Unit Legend

Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI

Am Amity silt loam 2.4 5.9%

Da Dayton silt loam 14.8 36.0%

SwD Steiwer silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

0.6 1.6%

Wc Wapato silty clay loam 9.0 21.8%

WlA Willamette silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

2.4 5.8%

WuC Woodburn silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

0.0 0.0%

WuD Woodburn silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

11.8 28.8%

Totals for Area of Interest 41.0 100.0%

Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.

Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.

Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.

These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Marion County Area, Oregon

Am—Amity silt loam

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24ns Elevation: 120 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 190 to 210 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained

Map Unit Composition Amity and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Amity

Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed silty alluvium

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 24 inches: silt loam H2 - 24 to 37 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 37 to 60 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 12.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2w Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Forage suitability group: Somewhat Poorly Drained (G002XY005OR) Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Concord Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave

Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

Da—Dayton silt loam

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24p4 Elevation: 120 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 190 to 210 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Dayton and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Dayton

Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Mixed alluvium with some loess in the upper layers

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 13 inches: silt loam H2 - 13 to 46 inches: clay H3 - 46 to 60 inches: silty clay loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 12 to 24 inches to abrupt textural change Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.9 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4w Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w Hydrologic Soil Group: D Forage suitability group: Poorly Drained (G002XY006OR) Hydric soil rating: Yes

Minor Components

Concord Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes

SwD—Steiwer silt loam, 6 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24rm Elevation: 250 to 650 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 60 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 190 to 210 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Steiwer and similar soils: 90 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Steiwer

Setting Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Silty alluvium, colluvium, and residuum derived from sedimentary rock

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 21 inches: silt loam H2 - 21 to 32 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 32 to 42 inches: weathered bedrock

Properties and qualities Slope: 6 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Forage suitability group: Well Drained > 15% Slopes (G002XY001OR) Hydric soil rating: No

Wc—Wapato silty clay loam

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24rw Elevation: 100 to 650 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 200 to 210 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season

Map Unit Composition Wapato and similar soils: 90 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Wapato

Setting Landform: Flood plains Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Mixed alluvium

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 16 inches: silty clay loam H2 - 16 to 60 inches: silty clay loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.2 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3w Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Forage suitability group: Poorly Drained (G002XY006OR) Hydric soil rating: Yes

WlA—Willamette silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24s0 Elevation: 150 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 50 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 200 to 210 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland

Map Unit Composition Willamette and similar soils: 83 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Willamette

Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Silty alluvium

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 24 inches: silt loam H2 - 24 to 54 inches: silt loam H3 - 54 to 65 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 12.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 1 Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 1 Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No

WuC—Woodburn silt loam, 3 to 12 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24s4 Elevation: 150 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 200 to 210 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Woodburn and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Woodburn

Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, riser Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Silty alluvium and mixed mineralogy loess

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 17 inches: silt loam H2 - 17 to 32 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 32 to 68 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 3 to 12 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 25 to 32 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 12.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 2e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Forage suitability group: Moderately Well Drained < 15% Slopes (G002XY004OR) Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Aquolls, poorly drained Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Terraces

Hydric soil rating: Yes

WuD—Woodburn silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes

Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 24s5 Elevation: 150 to 350 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 45 inches Mean annual air temperature: 52 to 54 degrees F Frost-free period: 200 to 210 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance

Map Unit Composition Woodburn and similar soils: 95 percent Minor components: 5 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.

Description of Woodburn

Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Silty alluvium and mixed mineralogy loess

Typical profile H1 - 0 to 17 inches: silt loam H2 - 17 to 32 inches: silty clay loam H3 - 32 to 68 inches: silt loam

Properties and qualities Slope: 12 to 20 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 25 to 32 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 12.0 inches)

Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Forage suitability group: Moderately Well Drained >15% Slopes (G002XY003OR) Hydric soil rating: No

Minor Components

Aquolls, poorly drained Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Terraces Hydric soil rating: Yes

References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).

2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.

Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577

Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook

296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?

cid=nrcs142p2_053624

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf

Custom Soil Resource Report http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053624 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf

APPENDIX B

Field Photographs of Test Pits TP18-02 – TP18-06 and Representative Photographs of Soil Pits, Push Probe Explorations, and Wildcat Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

Borings

A B

C

Representative photographs of: A) hand soil pit, B) push probe exploration, and C) Wildcat dynamic cone penetrometer.

John Deere 410G backhoe digging test pit TP18-06.

A B

C D

Test pit sites A) TP18-02, B) TP18-03, C) TP18-04, and D) TP18-05.

Test pit TP18-06

APPENDIX C

Test Pit Logs

S01

S02

S03

S04

Fines = 43%

LL = 46, PI =

16, 9.31% organic content

LL = 45, PI =

Fines = 56%

Fines = 61%

LL = 51, PI =

Fines = 38%

LL = 53, PI =

25; C = 1300 psf, phi = 25.4

Silty SAND (SM), dark brown, moist, blocky, some organics. A-7-5.

1.4 ft Sandy SILT (ML), brown with mottled orange, moist, little organics. A-7-6.

2.2 ft Sandy fat CLAY (CH), brown with mottled orange and black, moist, relict medium grain sand clasts altered to clay. A-7-6.

7 ft Clayey SAND (SC), gray mottled blue, moist. A-7-6.

becoming wet

10.5 ft Bottom of test pit at 10.5 ft.

Groundwater Depth:

While Drilling: --- At Completion: --- After Drilling: ---

Notes:

Test pit

Latitude: 44.800701° Longitude: -123.062167° Datum: WGS84

Weather: Clear, high fog

Date Started: 11/15/19 Date Completed: 11/15/19 Driller/Company: Matt Wither/Ankeny NWR Hammer Type:

Drill: John Deere 410G

Logger/Company: Orion George/WFL

TP18-01BORING LOG

Sheet: 1 of 1

Project Location: Ankeny, Oregon

20 40 60 80

PL LLWC

N VALUE

20 40 60 80

Project Name: Ankeny Hill Nature Center Improvement D ep th ft)

D ril lin g

M et ho d

Field Blow Count (Recovery)No. Test Results

T yp e

SAMPLE

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

FEDERAL LANDS HIGHWAY DIVISION

F H

W A

B O

R

IN

G L

O G

F

H W

A _D

A T

A T

E M

P

LA

T E

_2

3.

G

D T

/1 1/

:5

C :\M

Y F

IL

E

S \P

W _P

R O

D U

C T

IO

N

\D

9\ A

N K

E N

Y _N

A T

U R

E _C

E N

T E

R .G

P J

G ra ph ic

L og

S03

S04

Sandy SILT, dark brown, moist, fine sand, subrounded, blocky, with medium sand, and fine gravel, some organics.

1.6 ft Sandy SILT, gray with mottled orange light brown, dry, blocky, some organics.

2.6 ft Sandy SILT, gray with mottled orange brown, subrounded, with clay, reddish tan medium to coarse relict sand clasts altered to clay.

becoming clayier with depth

4.8 ft Lean CLAY, light pink brown, medium toughness, medium plasticity, with silt.

6.5 ft Bottom of test pit at 6.5 ft.

Groundwater Depth:

While Drilling: --- At Completion: --- After Drilling: ---

Notes:

Test pit

Latitude: 44.801126° Longitude: -123.062871° Datum: WGS84

Weather: Clear, high fog

Date Started: 11/15/19 Date Completed: 11/15/19 Driller/Company: Matt Wither/Ankeny NWR Hammer Type:

Drill: John Deere 410G

Logger/Company: Orion George/WFL

TP18-02BORING LOG

Sheet: 1 of 1

Project Location: Ankeny, Oregon

20 40 60 80

PL LLWC

N VALUE

20 40 60 80

Project Name: Ankeny Hill Nature Center Improvement D ep th ft)

D ril lin g

M et ho d

Field Blow Count (Recovery)No. Test Results

T yp e

SAMPLE

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION

FEDERAL LANDS HIGHWAY…