36C26319B0005-006.pdf

OCTOBER 2014

VA

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Ofce of Construction & Facilities Management

Plumbing design

NOVEMBER 2014

Rev May 1, 2018

PG 18-10 – PLUMBING DESIGN MANUAL November 2014 Revised May 1, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. i

1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 PURPOSE

1.2 RESPONSIBILITY

1.3 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

1.4 COMMISSIONING

1.5 METERING

1.6 NATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

1.7 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

1.8 VA DESIGN STANDARDS

1.8.1 Master Construction Specifications (PG-18-1)

1.8.2 Design and Construction Procedures (PG-18-3)

1.8.3 Standard Details and CAD Standards (PG-18-4)

1.8.4 Equipment Guide List (PG-18-5)

1.8.5 Design Manuals (PG-18-10)

1.8.6 Design Guides (PG-18-12)

1.8.7 Barrier Free Design Standard (PG-18-13)

1.8.8 Design Submission Requirements (PG-18-15)

1.8.9 Design and Standards Alerts

1.8.10 VA Building Information Modeling (BIM) Guide

1.8.11 Seismic Design Requirements (H-18-8)

1.8.12 Signage Design Manual

1.8.13 Cultural Resource Management Procedures (H-7545)

1.9 ADDITIONAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS

1.9.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

1.9.2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Biosafety in Microbiological and

Biomedical Laboratories (CDC BMBL)

1.9.3 Implementing Instructions: Federal Agency Implementation of Water

Efficiency and Management Provisions

1.9.4 Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS)

1.9.5 Sustainability and Historic Federal Buildings

1.9.6 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

1.9.7 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and related standards

1.10 COORDINATION

1.11 LOCAL CODES AND REQUIREMENTS

1.11.1 Local Utility Providers

1.12 PROJECT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION

1.12.1 VA Provided Materials

1.12.2 Proprietary Items

1.12.3 Computer Aided Facilities Management Requirements (CAFM)

2 PLUMBING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 TEST PRIOR TO DESIGN

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

2.2 EQUIPMENT PADS

2.3 PIPING

2.4 PIPE SUPPORT DESIGN

2.5 BASE AND VIBRATION ISOLATORS

2.6 FREEZE CONDITIONS

2.7 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS

2.8 CONTRACT DRAWINGS

2.8.1 General

2.8.2 Basic Design Parameters

2.8.3 Plumbing Fixture Numbers

2.8.4 Symbols and Abbreviations

2.8.5 Cross Sections

2.8.6 Stack and Riser Diagrams

2.8.7 Equipment Schedules

2.9 INTERDISCIPLINE COORDINATION

2.10 CALCULATIONS AND REVIEW SUBMITTALS

3 PLUMBING FIXTURES, FAUCETS, FITTINGS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 PLUMBING FIXTURES

3.1.1 General

3.1.2 Bariatric Plumbing Fixtures

3.2 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

3.2.1 Dialysis Machines

3.2.2 Heart and Lung Machines

3.2.3 Distilled Water Stills

3.2.4 Sterilizers

3.2.5 Film Processing Areas

3.2.6 Chemical Fume Hoods

3.2.7 Kitchen Equipment

3.2.8 Trash Room/Loading Dock

3.3 ELECTRIC WATER COOLERS

3.4 REDUCED-PRESSURE BACKFLOW PREVENTERS

3.5 PLUMBING FIXTURE SCHEDULE

4 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

4.1 GENERAL

4.2 DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS

4.2.1 Water Heater Efficiency

4.2.2 Water Heaters for Patient Care and Research Buildings

4.2.2.1 Instantaneous and Semi-Instantaneous Water Heaters

4.2.2.2 Tank-Type Water Heaters

4.2.2.3 Dietetic Equipment

4.2.2.4 Booster Heaters

4.2.3 Water Heaters for Non-Patient Care Buildings

4.2.4 Instantaneous Tankless Water Heaters (Point of Use)

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

4.2.5 Sizing of Water Heaters

4.2.6 Thermostatic Mixing Valves

4.2.7 Hot-Water Recirculation Loops and Return Piping

4.2.8 Shut-Off and Balancing Valves

4.2.9 Heat Traps

4.3 DEVICE CALIBRATION

4.4 GENERAL PIPING DESIGN GUIDELINES

4.4.1 Definitions

4.4.2 Requirements for Piping Systems

4.5 LEGIONELLA MITIGATION IN VA FACILITIES

4.5.1 Purpose

4.5.2 Background

4.5.3 Piping Design Guidelines for Legionella Mitigation

4.5.4 Supplemental Water Disinfection Methods

4.5.5 Emergency Water Disinfection Methods

4.5.5.1 Thermal Eradication

4.5.5.2 Shock Chlorination

4.5.6 Special Use Water Systems (e.g., hemodialysis, laboratory, pharmacy compounding)

4.6 INSPECTIONS AND WITNESS OF TESTS

4.7 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

4.7.1 Metering for Use

4.7.2 Measuring and Indicating Devices

4.7.3 Water Hammer Arrestors

4.7.4 Trap Primers

4.8 WALL HYDRANTS

4.9 COORDINATION

4.10 BACKFLOW PREVENTERS

4.10.1 Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventers

4.10.2 Atmospheric Vacuum Breakers

4.10.3 Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers

4.10.4 Fire Sprinkler Systems and Standpipes

4.11 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES

4.12 DOMESTIC WATER BOOSTER SYSTEMS

4.12.1 Minimum Pressure

4.12.2 Patient Care Buildings

4.12.3 Non-Patient Care Buildings

4.13 SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATING

4.13.1 Basic Solar System Design

4.13.2 Simple System Calculation

5 SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

5.1 SANITARY DRAINAGE

5.1.1 Pipe Design

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

5.1.2 Floor Drains

5.1.3 Fixture Units

5.1.4 Sanitary Connections

5.1.5 Fats, Oil, and Grease (FOG) Removal Systems

5.1.6 Dialysis Sanitary Drains

5.1.7 Waste Neutralization Systems

5.1.8 Chemical-Resistant Piping

5.1.9 Cast Iron Piping

5.1.10 Cleanouts

5.1.11 Waste and Vent Systems

5.2 GRAY WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM

5.3 SCHEDULE OF FLOOR DRAINS

6 BUILDING STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

6.1 STORM SYSTEM DRAINAGE

6.2 ROOF DRAIN LEADER INSULATION

6.3 CALCULATIONS

6.4 STORM CONNECTIONS

6.5 SCHEDULE OF AREA/ROOF DRAINS

6.6 LOCATION OF DRAIN LEADERS

6.7 UNDERSLAB AND FOUNDATION DRAINAGE

6.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

7 SPECIALTY TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS, AND SEPARATORS

7.1 SAND/GRIT TRAPS

7.2 OIL/WATER INTERCEPTORS

7.3 GREASE INTERCEPTORS

7.4 PLASTER TRAPS/INTERCEPTORS

7.5 CONTAMINATED WATER AND SANITARY WATER RETENTION

8 MEDICAL GASES AND VACUUM

8.1 GENERAL

8.1.1 Water Cooled Equipment

8.1.2 Renovation Projects

8.2 MEDICAL GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS

8.2.1 Oxygen, Medical Compressed Air, Medical Vacuum, Nitrous Oxide, Nitrogen

Systems, Carbon Dioxide, Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal and Instrument Air

8.2.2 Central Supply Systems

8.2.2.1 Sizing the Systems

8.2.2.2 System Setup

8.2.3 Piping Systems

8.2.4 Alarms

8.2.5 Connections to Existing Medical Gas Systems

8.3 LABORATORY GAS AND VACUUM SYSTEMS FOR RESEARCH AND MEDICAL

LABORATORIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

8.3.1 Central Supply Systems

8.3.2 Piping Systems

8.3.3 Alarms

8.4 ORAL EVACUATION SYSTEM

8.4.1 High Volume Oral Evacuation (HVE) - General

8.4.2 Airflow and Vacuum Requirements

8.4.3 Vacuum Relief Valves

8.4.4 High Volume Oral Evacuation (HVE) Systems

8.5 DENTAL COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS

8.5.1 Dental Compressed Air Systems and Equipment

8.5.2 Central Supply System Pressure Requirements

8.5.3 Piping Systems

8.5.4 Dental Air System Demand

8.5.4.1 Dental Treatment Room Equipment

8.5.4.2 Prosthetics Laboratory

8.5.4.3 Standard Dental Air Demand

8.6 DESIGN FOR DENTAL UNIT WATER LINES

9 FUEL GAS SYSTEMS

9.1 INTERIOR FUEL GAS SYSTEMS

10 SPECIALTY SYSTEMS

10.1 PLUMBING FOR BIOLOGICAL SAFETY LEVEL 3 LABORATORIES

10.2 LABORATORY WATER SYSTEMS

10.3 PLUMBING FOR ANIMAL CARE (VIVARIUM) FACILITIES

10.4 HEMODIALYSIS WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

10.4.1 General

10.4.2 Hemodialysis Water Treatment System Description

10.4.3 Hemodialysis Water Treatment Monitoring System

10.5 PHARMACY PLUMBING REQUIREMENTS

10.6 STERILE PROCESSING (SPS)

10.7 SILVER RECOVERY SYSTEM

10.7.1 Automatic Film Processor

10.7.2 Silver Recovery Equipment

10.7.3 Pipe Stub

10.8 SHOP COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM

10.9 THERAPEUTIC POOL EQUIPMENT

10.9.1 Water Treatment System

10.9.2 Pipes and Equipment

10.9.3 Filter

10.9.4 Water Heater

10.9.5 Disinfection

10.9.6 pH Balancing

10.9.7 Recirculating Pump

10.9.8 Equipment Room

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

10.9.9 Vacuum Cleaning Equipment

10.10 LAUNDRY

10.10.1 Laundry Equipment

10.10.2 Floor Sinks and Floor Drains

10.10.3 Dedicated Sump

10.11 WATER SOFTENING SYSTEM

10.11.1 Softener

10.11.2 When Required

10.11.3 Salt Storage

10.11.4 Dealkalizing Equipment

10.11.5 Dealkalizer Tank

10.11.6 Brine and Caustic Soda Tanks

10.11.7 Miscellaneous

10.12 REAGENT GRADE WATER SYSTEMS

10.12.1 Floor Space for Central Reagent Grade Equipment

10.12.2 Floor Space for Regenerant Chemicals

10.12.3 Emergency Shower and Eye/Face Wash

10.12.4 Negative Pressure Ventilation

10.12.5 Chemical-Resistant Piping and Drains

10.13 PLUMBING FOR PARKING STRUCTURES

10.13.1 Water Distribution Systems

10.13.2 Storm Drainage Systems

APPENDIX 11-A: VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

11-A.1 DESCRIPTION OF MODULES

11-A.1.1 Introduction 11-A.1.2 Structural Bays 11-A.1.3 Service Zones 11-A.1.4 Functional Zones 11-A.1.5 Fire Compartmentation 11-A.1.6 Plumbing Utilities

11-A.2 ZONING OF PLUMBING SYSTEMS

11-A.3 REFERENCES

APPENDIX 11-B: COMPUTER AIDED FACILITIES MANAGEMENT (CAFM)

11-B.1 CAFM AND EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE UTILIZATION

11-B.1.1 Introduction 11-B.1.2 Submission Requirements 11-B.1.3 Electronic Documentation 11-B.1.4 Schedules

APPENDIX 11-C: A/E SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS AND PLUMBING DESIGN MANUAL

COORDINATION

11-C.1 GENERAL

11-C.1.1 Introduction 11-C.1.2 Coordination

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

11-C.1.3 Compliance Requirements 11-C.1.4 BIM Requirements 11-C.1.5 Specific Drawing Requirements 11-C.1.6 Equipment Schedules 11-C.1.7 Schematic Design Level 1 (SD1) Submission Requirements 11-C.1.8 Schematic Design Level 2 (SD2) Submission Requirements 11-C.1.9 Design Development Level 1 (DD1) Submission Requirements 11-C.1.10 Design Development Level 2 (DD2) Submission Requirements 11-C.1.11 Construction Document Level 1 (CD1) Submission Requirements

APPENDIX 11-D: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS

APPENDIX 11-E: SERVICE PIPE SCHEDULE

11-E.1 PIPE SERVICE, MATERIAL, FITTINGS AND JOINTS

Ch 1 General Requirements 1

1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 PURPOSE

This manual is a directive for Architecture and Engineering design professionals (hereafter referred to as A/E or designer) for the planning and design of the drainage, waste, vent, water distribution, storm drainage, natural gas and fuel gas, medical gas, medical vacuum, and specialty systems at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. VA facilities have a wide range of occupants including patients, employees, volunteers, and visitors. An important mission of VA is to provide healthcare to Veterans who, in some cases, have severe disabilities, including sight, hearing, and mobility. The A/E must always keep the interest of the sick and/or disabled Veteran in mind when making decisions in locations where design choices affect Veterans.

This design manual shall be utilized for all VA projects, including major, minor, and NRM projects. It is expected that systems designed shall meet their primary intent of providing a sanitary, safe, reliable, and sustainable facility. In order to provide the latitude needed to accommodate new technologies, methods and materials, and/or pre-existing field conditions, technical deviations from the stipulations of this manual may be made only if a safe, reliable, and sustainable design shall result. Such deviations must be approved by VA Authorities.

Unless otherwise directed by VA, the Authority Having Jurisdiction is the VA Project Manager and/or the local VA Medical Center. Deviations that are not permitted are requirements included in public laws, federal regulations, Executive Orders, and all applicable codes.

Deviations from Section 4.5 Legionella Mitigation in VA Facilities shall be approved by the Facility Water Safety Committee. This manual is intended for use by the A/E and others engaged in the design and renovation of VA facilities. These facilities include but are not limited to:

• Acute Care

• Ambulatory Care Centers

• Animal Research Facilities

• Clinical Additions

• Community-Based Outpatient Clinic

(CBOC)

• Community Living Centers (CLC)

• Domiciliary

• Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation

• New Hospitals

• Energy Centers

• Laundries

• Laboratory Buildings

• Medical Research

• Mental Health - Inpatient

• Outpatient Clinics

• Parking Structures

• Psychiatric Care Facility

• Rehabilitation Medicine

• Rehabilitation/Prosthetics

• Replacement Hospitals

• VBA Offices

• Warehouses

1.2 RESPONSIBILITY

The A/E shall provide all necessary professional services to perform planning and design of the systems for the project. The A/E is responsible and liable for the professional design in

Ch 1 General Requirements 2 accordance with the contract, good engineering practices, VA standards, VA project-specific requirements (if any), and applicable codes.

1.3 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

VA’s design and construction program is required to comply with numerous federal mandates, Executive Orders, and VA policies related to energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation, and other sustainability requirements. Refer to Construction and Facilities Management’s (CFM’s) Technical Information Library (TIL) for details of VA’s Sustainable Design Program which includes VA Policies, Handbooks, and Design Guidance. Sustainability Goals shall be established by the Integrated Design Team (VA and A/E). Overarching goals may be directed solely by the VA.

1.4 COMMISSIONING

The scope of work shall include Total Building Commissioning in accordance with the Whole Building Commissioning Process Manual and Specification published by CFM and posted in the VA Technical Information Library (TIL) http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/.

1.5 METERING

Install building level utility meters in new major construction and renovation projects to track and continuously optimize performance to measure consumption of potable water, gas, steam, electricity, and thermal energy in federal buildings and other facilities and grounds. Metering systems should be coordinated with the VA facility and the VA national metering reporting system. Meters shall be installed in accordance with the VA Sustainable Design Manual.

Metering requirements should be included in all Energy Savings Performance Contracts (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contracts (UESC), as appropriate.

1.6 NATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS

The International Plumbing Code (IPC), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 54 (National Fuel Gas Code), and NFPA 99 (Health Care Facilities Code), American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1-2013 (Energy Standard for Building Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings) and ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications, and the American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE) Data Books are the major referenced standards used in the Plumbing Design Manual. Most of these references are available to VA employees on the CEOSH website (http://vaww.ceosh.med.va.gov/) accessible via the VA intranet or can be obtained from the following sources:

• The latest IPC can be obtained from the International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600; Falls Church, VA, 22041, http://www.iccsafe.org.

• The latest NFPA 54 and NFPA 99 can be obtained from National Fire Protection Association, 1 Battery March Park, Quincy, MA 02269, http://www.nfpa.org.

• The latest ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines can be obtained at https://www.ashrae.org/.

• The latest ASPE Data Book can be obtained at http://www.aspe.org.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, the latest edition adopted by the VA shall be used.

http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/ http://vaww.ceosh.med.va.gov/ http://www.iccsafe.org/ http://www.nfpa.org/ https://www.ashrae.org/ http://www.aspe.org/

Ch 1 General Requirements 3

Additionally, Chapter 13 of the IPC lists standards that are referenced in various sections of the IPC and VA Master Plumbing Specifications. These references are also given in the text of this manual where appropriate.

1.7 VA HOSPITAL BUILDING SYSTEM

The VA Hospital Building System (VAHBS) is a methodology based on a modular concept for planning, designing, and constructing hospitals.

Due to the modular concept of the VA Hospital Building System and the Guiding Principle of Integrated Design, the A/E will find that plumbing schematic/design development decisions occur much earlier in the overall planning/design process when compared to a conventional design process. Equipment selection and main distribution sizing should be evaluated as soon as the size and number of modules is determined.

The methodology has been successfully used nationwide for capital and operating cost containment, shortened delivery schedules, and improved space utilization flexibility. All new and replacement VA hospital buildings shall use the VAHBS system. This system is also recommended for major additions to existing hospitals where future adaptability is an important factor.

See VHA Program Guide PG-18-3, Design and Construction Procedures, Topic 3, VA Hospital Building System for further guidance. The complete reference for the VAHBS is contained in the 1976 Development Study (called the Redbook) and the 2006 Supplement. Additional details are included in Appendix 11-A.

1.8 VA DESIGN STANDARDS

VA standards are described in this section. All the manuals, guides, details, lists, requirements and references in this section are found on the CFM TIL at http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/ unless otherwise noted. The key VA Design Standards concerning plumbing system design are listed below.

1.8.1 Master Construction Specifications (PG-18-1)

This reference defines a standardized specification for the A/E to assure that the contractors provide equipment and systems that meet the design intent in terms of performance, quality, regulatory compliance, and cost.

1.8.2 Design and Construction Procedures (PG-18-3)

This reference establishes minimum consistent design/construction practices and references the VAHBS methodology.

1.8.3 Standard Details and CAD Standards (PG-18-4)

VA has adopted the U.S. National CAD Standard (NCS) Version 4, which is amended by the VHA National CAD Standard Application. A link to the NCS standards and the VHA National CAD Standard Application Guide is found on the TIL website.

Note: The A/E shall utilize VA Standard Details to the fullest extent possible. A modification to a Standard Detail requires the approval of VA Authorities.

http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/

Ch 1 General Requirements 4

1.8.4 Equipment Guide List (PG-18-5)

This is a reference for planning and development of equipment requirements for VA facilities.

1.8.5 Design Manuals (PG-18-10)

These standards are intended to convey general and specific design requirements for VA facilities.

• Fire Protection Design Manual: Provides the fire protection engineering design criteria for all categories of VA construction and renovation projects.

• Asbestos Abatement Design Manual: Serves as a guide for the planning and design of asbestos abatement projects location at VA facilities.

• Site Development Design Manual and Appendix: Provides planning and design of the site layout, storm water management, building location and orientation, site utilities, landscaping and irrigation.

• Physical Security Design Manual for VA Facilities: Provides physical security standards required for facilities to continue operation during a natural or manmade extreme event and for facilities that are required to protect the life safety of patients and staff in an emergency. Standards are provided in two separate manuals:

o Mission Critical Facilities Design Manual o Life-Safety Protected Design Manual

• Cost Estimating: Provides general and specific VA cost estimating philosophies.

• Sustainable Design Manual: Covers sustainability-related requirements that all projects must comply with.

• Transport Systems (Elevators) Design Manual: Provides engineering design criteria for elevator systems.

1.8.6 Design Guides (PG-18-12)

Provides the designer with specific layout templates and medical equipment lists for all types of spaces/uses and specific design parameters for structural, electrical and mechanical design.

1.8.7 Barrier Free Design Standard (PG-18-13)

This supplement to Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS) provides guidelines to better meet the barrier free needs of VA in its healthcare facilities.

1.8.8 Design Submission Requirements (PG-18-15)

These references provide a staged list of tasks in various design categories to define the A/E scope and assure thorough and timely completion of the final design package and bid documents.

1.8.9 Design and Standards Alerts

CFM uses Standards Alerts to notify designers of changes to design standards that have not yet been included in VA specifications and design manuals. Design Alerts are used to alert designers to important recommendation related to the design of VA facilities. Alerts can be found on CFM’s TIL.

Ch 1 General Requirements 5

1.8.10 VA Building Information Modeling (BIM) Guide

VA has adopted BIM to achieve better quality documents for construction and to provide electronic data for facilities management.

1.8.11 Seismic Design Handbook (H-18-8)

This reference establishes code and other requirements, including occupancy categories, for new or existing VA facilities located in seismic areas so these facilities remain functionally operational after an earthquake.

1.8.12 Signage Design Manual

This reference provides guidelines for the design of signs and provides detailed information on the development of a signage system.

1.8.13 Cultural Resource Management Procedures (H-7545)

This handbook discusses requirements of cultural resource legal authorities outlined in VA Directive 7545, and elaborates on assignment of responsibilities.

1.9 ADDITIONAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS

There are several other federal and industry design references and standards that are applicable to VA projects. The standards, codes, and guides listed below are to be reviewed and incorporated on a project specific basis as determined by the project scope of work.

1.9.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

The National Fire Protection Association develops and publishes codes and standards intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and other risks (http://www.nfpa.org).

1.9.2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (CDC BMBL) The latest CDC BMBL publication provides fundamentals of containment include the microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility safeguards that protect laboratory workers, the environment, and the public from exposure to infectious microorganisms that are handled and stored in the laboratory. (http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/)

1.9.3 Implementing Instructions: Federal Agency Implementation of Water Efficiency and Management Provisions This document provides instructions to federal agencies on implementation of the water use efficiency and management goals of section 2(d) of Executive Order 13514, federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance.

(http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/water_implementing_instructions.pdf)

1.9.4 Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Standards (ABAAS) This document contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility at federal sites and facilities by individuals with disabilities. These requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, additions to, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements to the extent required by regulations issued by federal agencies under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). ABAAS replaces the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS), which was VA’s previous standard for accessibility.

http://www.nfpa.org/ http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/ http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/water_implementing_instructions.pdf

Ch 1 General Requirements 6

1.9.5 Sustainability and Historic Federal Buildings

The goal of this guidance is to assist federal decision makers, usually capital asset managers, facility managers, and other program and project managers, in their considerations regarding sustainability and historic federal buildings. Decision makers will consider historic preservation outcomes; and to take advantage of opportunities for meeting historic preservation, energy efficiency, and sustainability goals together in the administration of federal buildings.

(http://www.achp.gov/docs/SustainabilityAndHP.pdf)

1.9.6 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to integrate environmental values into their decision making processes by considering the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.

To meet NEPA requirements federal agencies conduct environmental impact assessments during project planning. In some cases an agency prepares a detailed statement known as an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The results of NEPA analysis are integrated into planning and decision making, and often influence the design of projects. NEPA requirements must be addressed beginning at the earliest possible point in project planning; the A/E shall be tasked to provide VA with the data and expert advice needed to address these requirements.

1.9.7 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and related standards The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and related laws, regulations and executive orders collectively require federal agencies to consider, where possible protect, and if feasible make productive use of historic buildings, structures, sites, landscapes, and other types of “cultural resource” (See VA Directive/Handbook 7545). Under regulations implementing Section 106 of the NHPA, agencies review and consult about the effects of their proposed actions on historic properties, and execute binding commitments that must be reflected in the design of projects. Detailed standards issued by the Secretary of the Interior (http://www.nps.gov/tps/standards.htm) influence the design of projects that modify historic buildings and structures. Like NEPA requirements, those of the NHPA and related authorities must be addressed beginning at the earliest possible point in project planning; the A/E is often tasked to provide VA with the data and expert advice needed to address them.

1.10 COORDINATION

The A/E shall coordinate all work to avoid design conflicts and eliminate potential change orders. Of particular focus, shall be concealed and underground areas and site utility coordination.

The A/E shall coordinate with federal, state, county, and local agencies to determine required permitting for the project and provide the VA Project Manager with a summary of the permit requirements, copies of permit applications and copies of correspondence, meeting minutes and other supporting documentation.

1.11 LOCAL CODES AND REQUIREMENTS

The A/E shall bring local and regional climatic and geographic conditions and provisions of local building codes that are significantly different from national codes and conditions to the attention of VA. Of particular focus, shall be local codes, code amendments, and/or conditions http://www.achp.gov/docs/SustainabilityAndHP.pdf http://www.nps.gov/tps/standards.htm

Ch 1 General Requirements 7 related to coastal, hurricane-prone, arctic, seismically active regions, or other climatic or regional conditions that warrant additional measures to protect the integrity of systems.

1.11.1 Local Utility Providers

The A/E shall follow the rules and regulations of local utility companies, where applicable. The A/E shall investigate potential rebates, and other programs offered by local utility companies for the use of specific types of equipment and provide a detailed summary of potential savings to the VA Project Manager.

The A/E shall coordinate with local utility providers to verify the location, size and characteristics of existing utility mains and/or service lines available for connection to the proposed facility. The A/E shall forward to the VA Project Manager copies of correspondence, meeting minutes and applications for utility service from utility company representatives. The Facility Chief Engineer will negotiate for new services or changes to existing building services or changes to existing building services as necessary.

1.12 PROJECT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS AND INFORMATION

1.12.1 VA Provided Materials

The VA Project Manager or Facility Chief Engineer will provide the following data to the A/E:

• Facility Development Plan

• Building number assignments

• All existing drawings of the site, especially any utility plans.

• Design objectives

• Limitations

• Design criteria specific to the project

• Site requirements

1.12.2 Proprietary Items

The use of trade names or other indications that identify a product of an individual manufacturer on any project shall not be used under any circumstance, unless specifically approved by VA. Where VA authorizes specific products, etc., the following shall be identified:

• Where necessary to identify existing equipment,

• Where an existing system is to be extended and competitive manufacturers cannot meet performance or dimensional requirements,

• Where required by a public utility or municipal system as a condition of service. This shall be stated explicitly in the specifications.

1.12.3 Computer Aided Facilities Management Requirements (CAFM) The VA intends to implement Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) systems in all new and replacement hospital construction, and as feasible in all existing hospitals. The CAFM concept requires that all pertinent data regarding a facility be contained in a master digital database, accessible by facilities personnel at their workstations for use in operations and maintenance, energy/cost management, and for planning modifications. The transfer of the

Ch 1 General Requirements 8 appropriate data shall be in the Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) format developed by the A/E and contractor.

---END OF CHAPTER---

Ch 2 Plumbing Design Requirements 9

2 PLUMBING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 TEST PRIOR TO DESIGN

During the schematic design stage, a testing agency shall be enlisted to conduct a water analysis test and a hydrant test of the two nearest water hydrants. At a minimum, the test shall include static and residual pressures, and a water quality analysis including pH, bacterial count, residual chlorine, total hardness as CaCO3, total dissolved solids, and alkalinity. This water quality report shall also identify recommended water treatment design concepts for specialized demands such as building humidification, steam cooking, dialysis and laboratory water, boiler feedwater and cooling tower makeup and other specific project needs. The water quality report shall be issued on the A/E or testing company’s letterhead.

2.2 EQUIPMENT PADS

All floor-mounted equipment shall be placed on concrete housekeeping pads. Maintenance workers shall have access to all controls, electrical panels, valves, and instrumentation.

Coordinate details of pad construction (reinforcement, dimensions, and seismic requirements) with the structural engineer and VA Standards.

2.3 PIPING

Plumbing over operating rooms; food preparation areas, (serving and storage areas); and electrical rooms containing main distribution panels or motor control centers shall be avoided.

Piping over such areas can be made only after approval from the medical center or VA Project Manager. When piping is necessary in these areas, indicate leakage protection, such as drain pans on drawings and in specifications.

Plumbing riser or stack floor (not floor drains) penetration sleeves shall extend 50 mm [2 inches] above the floor and 1 inch [25 mm] below the floor and include a built-in water stop and appropriate seal. All penetrations through fire and smoke barriers and floor/ceiling assemblies shall be protected according to the latest edition of the International Building Code

(IBC).

2.4 PIPE SUPPORT DESIGN

The designer shall be responsible for the design of the plumbing support system so as to prevent strains and stresses that might result in a failure of the system. The contract documents shall indicate all supports and other provisions designed to protect piping from damage resulting from expansion, contraction, structural settlement piping movement, building movement, seismic event, etc.

2.5 BASE AND VIBRATION ISOLATORS

Equipment subject to movement must be isolated to prevent the transmission of vibrations to the building structure. See VA Master Specification 23 05 41, Noise and Vibration Control for HVAC Piping and Equipment for requirements.

Ch 2 Plumbing Design Requirements 10

2.6 FREEZE CONDITIONS

Where the project is subject to freeze conditions, the designer shall make provisions to protect pipes placed outside of the building, in attics and crawl spaces, or concealed in outside walls with insulation or heat tracing or by means of a frost proof spigot.

Where a project is subject to freeze conditions, vertical and horizontal overhead roof drain leaders shall be insulated to prevent condensation from damaging building finishes.

2.7 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS

Earthquake-resistive design for plumbing equipment and piping shall comply with the requirements of VA Publication H-18-8, Seismic Design Requirements.

2.8 CONTRACT DRAWINGS

2.8.1 General

(a) Show plumbing work on drawings using a minimum scale of 1:100 [1/8” = 1’0”].

Enlarged plans and sections shall be indicated at a scale of 1:50 [1/4” = 1’0”].

(b) Plumbing design and plumbing seismic design shall only be indicated on “PL”-Series drawings (see VHA National CAD Standard Application Guide).

(c) Piping shall be shown on the same plan as the fixtures being served.

(d) Pipe sizes shall be indicated on both floor plan and riser diagrams.

(e) Identify rooms on plans with name and number.

(f) The following shall be indicated on the plumbing drawings:

i. Show drainage area in square feet [square meters] for each roof drain and totals for building at outside building wall.

ii. Show fixture unit count at base of each soil and waste stack and for each sanitary sewer at outside building wall.

iii. Show inverts elevations for all sewers at outside building wall.

iv. Show dimension from adjacent column line to sanitary and building service water at building entrance. These dimensions shall then be coordinated with site utilities.

v. Show centerline elevation for all pressure systems at outside building wall.

vi. Show floor elevation at each level. Show public sewer rim elevation of nearest upstream manhole.

2.8.2 Basic Design Parameters

The following systems when applicable shall be shown on the plumbing drawings:

• Domestic water, cold, hot, hot water return, cold water return.

• Laboratory water, cold, hot, hot water return, cold water return.

• Industrial water, cold, hot, hot water return, cold water return.

• Sewer/vent/waste inside buildings and within 5 feet [1.5 m] outside of the building.

Ch 2 Plumbing Design Requirements 11

• Neutralization and vent systems including connection to sanitary sewer.

• Roof drains and drain leaders.

• Reagent water, hemodialysis, and other pure water systems.

• Demineralization (sometimes called deionization water treatment)

• Natural gas.

• Medical gases.

• Medical vacuum.

• Compressed air.

• Dental air.

• Oral evacuation systems.

• Pool piping.

• Potable water treatment.

• Reverse Osmosis (RO) water treatment.

• Sub soil drainage (Coordinate with Civil for responsibility).

• Equipment pads.

• Seismic restraint systems.

• Rain water harvesting.

• Gray water harvesting.

• Solar water heating.

• Water disinfection.

• Emergency eyewash and shower.

• Legionella eradication/mitigation system.

2.8.3 Plumbing Fixture Numbers

Identify on the plumbing drawings all equipment requiring connections to the plumbing systems by appropriate symbol number (example, P-103); coordinate “P” number designations with specifications and drawings. Do not use the designation Not in Contract (N.I.C.) on the drawings.

2.8.4 Symbols and Abbreviations

VA has adopted many National CAD standards abbreviations as well as retained many older VA legacy abbreviations. In specifications and descriptive documents, when the first instance of an abbreviation occurs, the full phrase is written followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.

Subsequent occurrences of the phrase will use the abbreviation.

On drawings, an index of abbreviations and symbols will be included on drawing PP-OXXX General Notes. A list of plumbing abbreviations and symbols can be found on the https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/ Technical Information Library under standard details. See

DETAILS, PG-18-4.

https://www.cfm.va.gov/TIL/

Ch 2 Plumbing Design Requirements 12

2.8.5 Cross Sections

Due to the space requirements of plumbing systems and ductwork, closely coordinate the layout of these systems. Where areas of interference are apparent, prepare cross sections resolving utility conflicts when BIM model drawings are not available.

2.8.6 Stack and Riser Diagrams

Provide schematic (one line) diagrams for the following systems installed within the buildings:

soil, waste, and vent; reagent grade water; potable water supply and return (hot and cold);

medical gas and vacuum; medical gas and vacuum alarms; medical gas low voltage wiring;

laboratory gas and vacuum; laboratory gas and vacuum alarms; fuel gas; storm water; oral evacuation systems; dental compressed air and dental alarm systems. These diagrams shall include the following types of information. Identification of critical control points for these distribution systems is important for operations and maintenance.

• Piping size and type

• Tanks (storage, expansion, chemical feed)

• Valves

• Heat exchangers

• Pumps including size and controls

• Cross connections (backflow preventers)

• Drains

• Filters

• Supplemental process equipment

• Sampling ports and monitoring locations

Provide riser diagrams for the following systems: water, natural gas, medical gases, medical vacuum, and dental systems may be shown in plan-view and two-dimensional plumbing pipe riser representation showing relative vertical position. Sanitary and neutralized (i.e. acid) waste and vent systems shall be shown in isometric projection. Indicate building finished floor elevations, size of all horizontal and vertical piping, fixture numbers being served, room locations, and means of connection between fixtures and the stacks and mains. Show each system complete and continuous.

2.8.7 Equipment Schedules

Provide plumbing schedules, including capacity, control settings, services, and sizes for all plumbing equipment and other equipment requiring plumbing services. The plumbing schedules shall be organized on the construction documents as listed in Appendix 11-C.1.6.

The plumbing designer shall follow the schedule drawing format and organization as defined in this manual.

2.9 INTERDISCIPLINE COORDINATION

The plumbing designer shall coordinate the following:

• Building plumbing fixture count

Ch 2 Plumbing Design Requirements 13

• Plumbing chase wall inside dimension and construction type for adequate water closet carrier clearances

• Plumbing fixture heights and clearances, especially for ABAAS accessibility

• Access doors shown on plans for plumbing equipment including but not limited to, water hammer arrestors, valves, and air vents. Access doors shall not diminish wall, ceiling, or floor rating.

• Shower pan construction (solid surface or tile)

• Fire-stopping for penetrations through fire and smoke barriers and floor/ceiling assemblies

• Floor drains, liquid waste, and supply connections for mechanical and medical equipment

• Fire protection drains

• Electrical power requirements for plumbing equipment

• Interface with energy management and control systems

2.10 CALCULATIONS AND REVIEW SUBMITTALS

Plumbing engineering calculations shall be submitted at various stages in the submission process. Refer to Program Guide PG-18-15 Volumes B and C for the submission requirements for what shall be submitted at each stage. Submit calculations required under the contract and submission requirements in Appendix 11-C.

---END OF CHAPTER---

Ch 3 Plumbing Fixtures, Faucets, Fittings & Equip 14

3 PLUMBING FIXTURES, FAUCETS, FITTINGS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 PLUMBING FIXTURES

3.1.1 General

(a) Plumbing fixtures shall be located where indicated by VA Program Guide PG-18-5 (Equipment Guide List), PG-18-12 (Design Guides) and other programming design requirements.

(b) Faucets shall have a laminar flow device of brass, Monel®, or stainless steel trim.

Showerhead internal construction shall be of brass, Monel®, or stainless steel. Aerators are prohibited. Flow restrictors at the base of the lavatory sink or sink faucet are preferred.

(c) Designer shall coordinate the use of sensor (electronic) faucets with the requirements of the end-user and the Infection Prevention and Control staff (for VHA projects).

Electronic faucets can be an effective water conservation measure and can prevent contact with potentially-contaminated surfaces yet some studies have suggested that the complexity of electronic faucets combined with lower water flow rates can promote the growth of Legionella and other water borne pathogens. For healthcare projects, the A/E and VA Project Manager should document discussions and conclusions in the project’s Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA).

(d) Low flow fixtures must be used in order to meet the minimum sustainable design requirements for water conservation. All materials and equipment being installed which falls into a category covered by the EPA’s WaterSense® program must be WaterSense® labeled or meet or exceed WaterSense® program performance requirements, unless disallowed for infection control reasons. Plumbing fixtures with the flow rates defined below are allowed for VA projects.

Fixture Flowrate Water Closet 4.8 Liter per flush (Lpf) [1.28 gallons per flush

(gpf)] Dual flush water closet 6.0 Lpf/4.2 Lpf [1.6 gpf/1.1 gpf] Urinal 1.9 Lpf [0.5 gpf] Low flow urinal 0.5 Lpf [0.125 gpf] Public lavatory 0.95L per cycle/1.9 Liters per minute (L/min) [0.25 g per cycle/0.5 gallons per minute (gpm)] Private patient room, exam room, and treatment room sinks

5.7 L/min [1.5 gpm]

Clinical sink 8.3 L/min [2.2 gpm] Mop sink 9.5 L/min [2.5 gpm] Kitchenette/pantry sinks 8.3 L/min [2.2 gpm] Patient room showers 7.6 L/min [2.0 gpm] Kitchen equipment flow rate per equipment requirements and manufacturer requirements

Ch 3 Plumbing Fixtures, Faucets, Fittings & Equip 15

(e) The faucet timing shall be sufficient to deliver water at a temperature range between

29.4 deg C [85 deg F] and 43.3 deg C [110 deg F]. Domestic hot water must be available within 15 seconds of the time of operation. The faucet spout shall be gooseneck style to allow for fingers-up rinsing.

(f) Sensor-operated faucets, if used, shall be electrically hardwired and on emergency power for all new construction. Battery operated sensor faucets may be considered for renovation projects after coordination with Facility Engineering and Green Environmental Management System (GEMS). Low lighting levels in restrooms can adversely affect the operation of solar powered faucets and are not recommended.

(g) Hand-free controls (foot or knee operated) shall be employed for staff use and for scrub-up sinks, BSL-3 laboratories, pharmacy clean rooms, and other functions as needed.

(h) Where required to meet water use reduction requirements, waterless urinals may be used after approval by VA authorities. Waterless urinals are limited to non-patient/healthcare areas.

(i) Dual flush water closets shall not be used in patient rooms. Dual flush water closets shall be restricted to public areas and staff toilet rooms.

(j) Plumbing fixture numbers, description, fixture units, and minimum branch sizes are indicated in Article 3.5, Plumbing Fixture Schedules. Most VA plumbing fixture units for use in supply, waste and vent sizing comply with equivalent water supply and drain fixture units from IPC, with exceptions noted in Article 3.5, Plumbing Fixture Schedules.

(k) Individual shower and tub-shower combination valves shall be combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016 and shall be installed at the point of use. For other fixtures, tempered water shall be delivered through water-temperature limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070 and between

29.4 deg C and 43.3 deg C [85 deg F and 110 deg F]. The mixing valve shall be installed as close to the fixture as possible to reduce the amount of stored tempered water to reduce the risk of Legionella growth.

(l) Emergency eyewash and shower equipment must be provided in accordance with VHA Directive 2009-026 (Location, Selection, Installation, Maintenance, and Testing of Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment). It is VA Policy to provide employees, students, and volunteers with emergency eyewash and shower stations where there is reasonable probability of injury to the eyes or skin occurring as a result of exposure to hazardous chemicals or materials. A list of required locations shall be prepared in consultation with facility Safety and Health staff, in consultation with Facility Management staff. The ANSI standard states that all flushing equipment must be located in areas that are accessible within 10 seconds (roughly 16.8 m [55 ft]).

Emergency eyewash or combination eyewash and shower stations shall meet ANSI Z358.1, “American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment”.

Water supply shall be delivered within the temperature range of 15.6 deg C [60 deg F ]

Ch 3 Plumbing Fixtures, Faucets, Fittings & Equip 16 and 37.8 deg C [100 deg F]. Provide an ASSE 1071 compliant mixing valve for the tepid water supply. If a waste pipe is available within five feet of the combination eyewash/shower station, provide a floor drain adjacent to the unit. Piped drains for emergency eyewash and shower equipment are not required by the IPC, but occupants prefer piped drains for housekeeping purposes. Extraordinary hazard material (e.g.

poisons) should not discharge directly into the sanitary drain system and should have a spill containment and holding system. Oily waste should have a containment or oil water separator. Frequent testing as required by the VHA Directive will refill the trap seal. Consider the use of deep seal traps or trap primers to reduce problem of unused traps drying out. Designer shall ensure the use of sanitary drains are not prohibited for infection control reasons. No floor drains are allowed in pharmacy areas.

3.1.2 Bariatric Plumbing Fixtures

(a) Floor mounted bariatric water closets are preferred for public or private bathrooms intended to serve bariatric patients. Wall-mounted water closet and water closet carrier shall be designed to carry a patient weighing 454 kg [1,000 pounds] are an option. NOTE: The COR should check with local union, clinical staff, and EMS for their preference.

(b) The bariatric water closet shall comply with ASME/ANSI A112.12.2M and be rated for 454 kg [1,000 pounds] when tested in accordance with ASME/ANSI A112.12.2M.

(c) The bariatric water closet shall be identified by its own fixture (P-#) number. The drawing shall have an installation note that identifies the bariatric water closet and alerts the contractor to the special fastening and installation requirements.

(d) The minimum space on both sides of the fixture shall be 533 mm [21 in.] between the wall and the fixture for staff to assist the patient.

(e) Lavatories shall not be installed within 1.8 m [6 ft.] of a bariatric water closet.

3.2 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT

3.2.1 Dialysis Machines

Hemodialysis machines shall be provided with a special dialysis wall box with indirect waste, or funnel type floor drain, or floor sink and cold water hose bib with vacuum breaker.

Hemodialysis water systems shall be protected by a reduced pressure backflow preventer located between the potable water system and the input to the pretreatment components of the dialysis machine water system.

3.2.2 Heart and Lung Machines

Heart and lung machines shall be provided with a funnel type drain. If the apparatus is located in the operating room, an indirect waste is required.

3.2.3 Distilled Water Stills

Stills for producing distilled water shall be provided with a cold-water connection with a vacuum breaker and floor sink or funnel drain. Drain connection shall be provided with air gap.

Ch 3 Plumbing Fixtures, Faucets, Fittings & Equip 17

3.2.4 Sterilizers

Sterilizers shall be provided with an acid-resistant floor sink or funnel type floor drain, a backflow-protected (ASSE 1013) water supply and steam and condensate connections in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

3.2.5 Film Processing Areas

Film processing areas shall be provided with an acid-resistant floor sink or funnel drain for indirect waste; and a hot, cold, and/or tempered water supply operating between 4.4 deg C and

32.2 deg C [40 deg F and 90 deg F]. Brass or copper drain piping is not allowed for photo-developing equipment. Polypropylene, high silica cast iron, borosilicate glass (BSG), PVDF, or 316L stainless steel are options for pipe and drain fittings. Waste streams containing silver (recovering) shall be constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and fittings. If concentration and quantity of acid waste requires neutralization, then acid waste shall be piped separately through a plastic neutralization tank prior to entering the sanitary system. Refer to VA Master Specification 22 66 00 (Chemical Waste Systems for Laboratory and Healthcare Facilities) for more information.

3.2.6 Chemical Fume Hoods

The plumbing drawings shall indicate in schedule format the cold and hot water, vacuum, compressed air, natural gas, chemical drain and vent, and medical vacuum and gases connections for chemical fume hoods. The plumbing plans shall show fume hood equipment and connections and shall cross-reference the scheduled data and equipment drawings.

3.2.7 Kitchen Equipment

The plumbing drawings shall indicate in schedule format the natural gas, steam, condensate, cold and hot water, drain, indirect drain, and vent connections for kitchen equipment. The plumbing plans shall show kitchen equipment and connections in 1:10 [1 in. = 1 ft.] dimensional format and shall cross-reference the scheduled data and equipment drawings. The plumbing designer shall coordinate connections with the equipment supplier.

3.2.8 Trash Room/Loading Dock

Provide a steam gun (steam and water mixer) with hose for this area. At minimum, a trench drain and floor sink with a minimum 75 mm [3”] outlet is required for all loading dock areas. A requirement for trash rooms is a floor drain with removable strainer and integral cleanout.

3.3 ELECTRIC WATER COOLERS

Provide wall-hung, self-contained, electric, wheelchair-accessible water coolers. Provide hi-low units in areas where only one unit is provided.