PRSDM January 2024.pdf

VA U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Facilities Management

Physical Security and Resiliency

Design Manual

OCTOBER 1, 2020

Revised January 1, 2024

Cover Photos

First row: Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;

Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center's (DCVAMC) Community Resource and Referral Center (CRRC), 1500 Franklin Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20018.

Second row: Orlando VA Medical Center, 13800 Veterans Way, Orlando, Florida 32827; Willamette National Cemetery, 11800 Southeast Mt. Scott Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97086; Alaska VA Healthcare System, 1201 North Muldoon Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99504.

https://www.neworleans.va.gov/ http://www.va.gov/directory/guide/facility.asp?ID=6227&dnum=1 http://www.orlando.va.gov/ http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/willamette.asp http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/willamette.asp http://www.alaska.va.gov/

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF

VETERANS AFFAIRS

PHYSICAL SECURITY & RESILIENCY

DESIGN MANUAL

October 1, 2020 Revised January 1, 2024

This page is intentionally blank.

PHYSICAL SECURITY & RESILIENCY DESIGN MANUAL October 1, 2020 Revised 01-01-2024 i

PREFACE

It has long been the policy of the U.S. Government to assure the continuity and viability of infrastructure that is critical to the mission of a Federal agency. Laws and regulations applicable to VA include:

Executive Order 12656, issued November 18, 1988, requiring the head of each Federal department and agency to be prepared to respond adequately to all national security emergencies

Public Law 107-188, Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002

Public Law 107-287, Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of

38 USC Sec. 901, which gives the Secretary the authority to prescribe regulations to provide for the maintenance of law and order and the protection of persons and property on VA properties.

In response, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) conducted physical security assessments of 118 VA facilities, which resulted in 24 physical security strategies. The VA Secretary approved the Adoption of Physical Security Strategies for VA Facilities in 2006. Physical security and resiliency design requirements were developed to implement these strategies. This Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual (PSRDM) supersedes the 2015 Physical Security Design Manuals (PSDM). Recommendations from the 2016 Value Management Study were considered when updating the PSRDM. The PSRDM represents exemplary collaboration across the entire VA.

U.S. Department ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual for the Department of Veterans Affairs is the result of insight, expertise, and support from many departments. We wish to thank the following for their valuable contributions and support to this Design Manual.

Office of Construction & Facilities Management (CFM) Office of Facilities Planning (OFP)

Facilities Standards Service (FSS)

Consulting Support Service (CSS)

Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Healthcare Environment and Facilities (HEFP)

HEFP Office of Healthcare Engineering

HEFP Office of Occupational Safety & Health – Fire Protection

HEFP Office of Capital Asset Management

Healthcare Engineering Oversight Committee on Physical Security & Resiliency

Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) Office of Mission Support

National Cemetery Administration (NCA) Office of Design and Construction

Office of Information and Technology (OIT) OIT Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering

Office of Management (OM) Office of Asset Enterprise Management

Office of Operations, Security, and Preparedness (OSP)

Consultant - National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Authority.......................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Administration and Enforcement ...................................................................... 1-3

1.4 VA Facilities ...................................................................................................... 1-4

1.5 Planning, Budgeting, and Programming for Physical Security and Resiliency ....... 1-19

1.6 Introduction to Physical Security and Resiliency Concepts ................................. 1-21

1.7 Coordination and Prioritization of Physical Security and Resiliency Requirements with Other Documents ............................................................... 1-22

1.8 Requirements for Subject Matter Specialists ..................................................... 1-22

1.9 Information Safeguarding and Dissemination Controls ...................................... 1-23

2 DIRECTION ON USING THE PHYSICAL SECURITY AND RESILIENCY DESIGN MANUAL. 2-1

2.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Risk Assessment of VA Facilities ........................................................................ 2-3

2.3 Exceptions and Deviations ................................................................................ 2-7

2.4 Application of Requirements in Common Project Scopes................................... 2-9

3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) ................................. 3-1

3.3 Standoff Distance ............................................................................................. 3-2

3.4 Perimeter Barrier.............................................................................................. 3-3

3.5 Vehicle and Pedestrian Screening ..................................................................... 3-5

3.6 Anti-Ram Rated Vehicle Barriers........................................................................ 3-7

3.7 Parking ............................................................................................................. 3-8

3.8 Site Lighting ...................................................................................................... 3-12

3.9 Landscaping...................................................................................................... 3-15

3.10 Signage ............................................................................................................ 3-15 iv

4 BUILDING ENTRANCES AND EXITS ........................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Public Entrances and Lobbies ............................................................................ 4-2

4.3 Patient Drop-offs.............................................................................................. 4-8

4.4 Building Exits and Life Safety Considerations ..................................................... 4-9

5 FUNCTIONAL AREAS ................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 Agent Cashier ................................................................................................... 5-2

5.2 Caches: All-Hazards Emergency Cache and Pharmacy Cache ............................. 5-3

5.3 Childcare/Development Center ........................................................................ 5-5

5.4 Computer Room ............................................................................................... 5-6

5.5 Emergency Department.................................................................................... 5-7

5.6 Emergency and/or Standby Generator Room .................................................... 5-9

5.7 Energy Center/Boiler Plant................................................................................ 5-11

5.8 Fire Command Center (FCC) ............................................................................. 5-12

5.9 Incident Command Center (ICC)/Emergency Operations Center (EOC)............... 5-13

5.10 Loading Dock and Service Entrances.................................................................. 5-14

5.11 Mailroom ......................................................................................................... 5-17

5.12 Pharmacy ......................................................................................................... 5-20

5.13 Police Operations Room and Holding Room ...................................................... 5-22

5.14 Records Storage and Archives ........................................................................... 5-24

5.15 Research Laboratory and Vivarium .................................................................... 5-25

5.16 Security Control Center .................................................................................... 5-29

5.17 Storage of Hazardous Materials ........................................................................ 5-35

6 BUILDING ENVELOPE ............................................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 Non-Load Bearing Exterior Walls ....................................................................... 6-3

6.3 Fenestration and Doors .................................................................................... 6-5

6.4 Atria ................................................................................................................. 6-8

6.5 Roofs ............................................................................................................... 6-9

6.6 Critical Equipment Protection ........................................................................... 6-11 v

6.7 Calculation Methods and Documentation ......................................................... 6-12

7 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 7-1

7.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 7-1

7.2 Blast Resistance................................................................................................ 7-3

7.3 Design for Global Stability of the Structure........................................................ 7-8

7.4 Prevention of Progressive Collapse ................................................................... 7-9

7.5 Anti-Ram Resistance ......................................................................................... 7-11

7.6 Calculation Methods ........................................................................................ 7-11

8 UTILITIES AND BUILDING SERVICES .......................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 8-1

8.2 Utility Entrances ............................................................................................... 8-2

8.3 Site Distribution ................................................................................................ 8-5

8.4 Energy Center .................................................................................................. 8-6

8.5 Water and Fuel Storage .................................................................................... 8-7

8.6 Protection of Utilities and Equipment ............................................................... 8-14

9 BUILDING SYSTEMS ................................................................................................. 9-1

9.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 9-1

9.2 HVAC Systems .................................................................................................. 9-2

9.3 Electrical Systems............................................................................................. 9-4

9.4 Telecommunications Systems ........................................................................... 9-5

9.5 Plumbing Systems ............................................................................................ 9-9

9.6 Fire Protection Systems .................................................................................... 9-9

10 SECURITY SYSTEMS ................................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals................................................................................ 10-1

10.2 Coordination with Telecommunication and Other Systems................................ 10-5

10.3 Electronic Security Systems .............................................................................. 10-12

10.4 Physical Access Control System/Electronic Access and Door Control .................. 10-14

10.5 Intrusion Detection System............................................................................... 10-16

10.6 Security Surveillance Television......................................................................... 10-19

10.7 Duress, Security Phones, and Intercom System ................................................. 10-26 vi

10.8 Public Address and Mass Notification System.................................................... 10-31

10.9 Security Control Center, Integrated Operations Center, Emergency Operations Center .......................................................................... 10-32

10.10 Patient or Staff Annunciator/Locator (PAL) ....................................................... 10-33

10.11 Behavioral Health Area (Psychiatric or Mental Health Area)............................... 10-34

10.12 Narcotics Storage Alerting and Signal System .................................................... 10-34

10.13 Detection and Screening Systems ..................................................................... 10-35

11 GLOSSARY & ACRONYMS ........................................................................................ 11-1

12 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 12-1

13 APPENDIX

A1 VA Standard Security Door Types

A2 Security Door Opening Schedule

A3 Door Opening Matrix

B Security System Matrix https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA1.pdf https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA2.pdf https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA3.xlsx https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxB.xlsx

INTRODUCTION 1-1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals

This manual contains the baseline physical security and resiliency requirements for improving the protection of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities. This updated manual has been retitled the Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual (PSRDM). The physical security and resiliency design and construction requirements in this manual apply to new buildings, additions, and alteration/renovation of existing facilities and/or sites, owned by VA.

Critical Facilities are those intended to remain fully functional during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency, in addition to protecting the life safety of occupants. Essential Facilities are those intended to remain functional with minor repairs during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency, in addition to protecting the life safety of occupants. Ancillary Facilities are those intended to protect the life safety of occupants in case of an emergency. Although indispensable to the mission of VA, Ancillary facilities are not required to remain operational during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency. These facilities are listed in section 1.4 of this chapter.

The previous edition (2015) of the Physical Security Design Manual (PSDM) provided in two separate volumes the requirements for Mission Critical facilities and Life-Safety Protected facilities (Mission Critical and Life-Safety Protected are now referred to as Critical and Ancillary, respectively). This manual provides the physical security and resiliency requirements for VA facilities in one volume and now provides direction on the application of the requirements for various project scopes (see Section 2.4). The requirements of this manual must be coordinated with all VA design and construction requirements for the mitigation of other hazards, such as earthquake and hurricane, in order to complete a multi-hazard approach to planning, design, and construction for physical security and resiliency. The requirements also must be coordinated with the requirements of the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101; the PSRDM does not supersede any life-safety requirements, standards, or codes that have been recognized by VA.

The physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual account for VA operations and policies and balance cost with effectiveness. An objective of this manual is to provide cost effective design criteria that will, when constructed and implemented, provide the appropriate level of physical security and resiliency to support VA services and facilities.

This introductory section provides the general information on how physical security and resiliency requirements are to be applied by the VA facility director and the planner, designer, architect, engineer, and project manager, with the goal of improved decision-making during the project planning phase, which follows the Strategic Capital Investment Process (SCIP) and

INTRODUCTION 1-2

precedes the Department’s budget request to Congress. Chapter 2 of this manual provides direction on the use of this manual, specifically on risk and vulnerability assessments (section 2.2) and applicable requirements for common project scopes (section 2.4). Later chapters provide complete descriptions of the physical security and resiliency requirements by discipline.

The requirements for new buildings and additions are listed under each section, while the specific or applicable requirements for alteration/renovation of existing facilities are listed at the end of each section within a gray text box.

Physical security and resiliency requirements are not the same as cybersecurity requirements.

Chapter 10 includes cybersecurity requirements only where needed to support physical security and resiliency, and to maintain operation of VA facilities. The PSRDM supports cybersecurity and has been coordinated with required physical security systems as outlined in the 2016 VA Telecommunications Design Manual; therefore, Appendix B of this manual has been modified to address separation of networks as well as protection of IT assets.

Additional resiliency requirements for VA facilities are covered in other VA design guides and criteria and must be coordinated with the PSRDM requirements. A primary goal of the PSRDM is to support the resiliency of all VA facilities following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency; therefore, included in this manual are resiliency requirements in support of continuity of operation of VA facilities. For Critical and Essential facilities, resiliency requirements must support continued operations for a minimum of 96 hours during and following an extreme event.

1.2 Authority

It has long been the policy of the U.S. Government to assure the continuity and viability of infrastructure that is critical to the mission of a Federal agency. Executive Order 12656, issued November 18, 1988, states, “The head of each Federal department and agency must be prepared to respond adequately to all national security emergencies.” Furthermore, the “head of each Federal department and agency must ensure the continuity of essential functions in any national security emergency by providing for: succession to office and emergency delegation of authority in accordance with applicable law; safekeeping of essential resources, facilities, and records; and establishment of emergency operating capabilities.” The Order also requires that the “head of each Federal department and agency must: identify facilities and resources, both government and private, essential to the national defense and national welfare, and assess their vulnerabilities and develop strategies, plans, and programs to provide for the security of such facilities and resources, and to avoid or minimize disruptions of essential services during any national security emergency.”

Public Law 107-188, Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 enacted June 12, 2002, requires actions to enhance the readiness of Department of

INTRODUCTION 1-3

Veterans Affairs medical centers to enable them to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies. Under section 154 the law specifically requires that the “Secretary of Veterans Affairs must take appropriate actions to enhance the readiness of Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers to protect the patients and staff of such centers from chemical or biological attack or otherwise to respond to such an attack and so as to enable such centers to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies.”

Public Law 107-287, Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002 enacted November 7, 2002, requires that the “Secretary take appropriate actions to provide for the readiness of Department medical centers to protect the patients and staff of such centers from chemical or biological attack or otherwise to respond to such an attack so as to enable such centers to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies” and that the “Secretary take appropriate actions to provide for the security of Department medical centers and research facilities, including staff and patients at such centers and facilities.” This Act also states that the “Secretary may furnish hospital care and medical services to individuals responding to, involved in, or otherwise affected by that disaster or emergency.”

38 USC Sec. 901 gives the Secretary the authority to prescribe regulations to provide for the maintenance of law and order and the protection of persons and property on VA property.

1.3 Administration and Enforcement

The physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual apply to all design and construction projects for new facilities, and renovation/alteration of existing facilities for which design is begun on or after the effective date of this design manual.

All projects in VA’s Major Construction Program that are in design at the effective date of the manual but have not concluded the 35-percent design milestone (defined as Schematic Design or SD2) must incorporate the requirements of this manual. For Major projects that have reached the 35-percent design milestone, they are required to be in compliance with the edition of this manual effective at the time OR the current version, at the discretion of the Project Delivery Team.

INTRODUCTION 1-4

Table 1-1 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) for Physical Security and Resiliency Requirements

VHA VBA NCA

Assistant Under Secretary for Health for Support

Services

Executive Director for Office of Administration and Facilities

Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs

Deviations from the baseline requirements in this manual must be supported by a risk assessment of both the site and facility during the planning phase of the project before the development of project scope and budget. Interpretations or deviations from requirements for VBA and NCA facilities must be evaluated and adjudicated by the AHJ; and for VHA facilities, by the Healthcare Engineering Oversight Committee on Physical Security and Resiliency. When no risk assessment is performed during the project planning phase, the baseline requirements of this manual must apply. The processes for submitting requests for deviations from the baseline requirements are described in section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

1.4 VA Facilities

1.4.1 Facility Criticality Designations for VA Facilities:

This section categorizes VA facilities into the following Facility Criticality Designations:

• Critical Facilities

• Essential Facilities

• Ancillary Facilities

• Facilities w/ Varying Designations

1.4.1.1 Critical Facilities: These facilities are intended remain fully functional during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency, in addition to protecting the life safety of occupants. Type V construction (specifically light-frame wood and cold-formed steel framing structure) is not permitted for Critical facilities.

Table 1-2 Critical Facilities

Acute Care [Acute Beds] - inpatient medical/surgical beds

Acute Care [Acute Beds] - outpatient1

INTRODUCTION 1-5

Table 1-2 Critical Facilities

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation - inpatient

Fire Station, Police Station

Hazardous Material Storage

Hospital

Medical Records - standalone central storage

Mental Health (MH) /Psychiatric Care - Inpatient

National Continuity of Operation Center

OIT - Core Data Center (CDC)

Polytrauma – inpatient

Research - Animal Facility

Research Facility w/ Wet Labs

Security & Law Enforcement

Notes:

1) Includes urgent care (not 24/7) and Emergency Department.

1.4.1.2 Essential Facilities: These facilities are intended to remain functional during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency with minor repairs, in addition to protecting the life safety of occupants. In addition to complying with requirements of Ancillary facilities, Utilities and Systems Redundancies must be provided in accordance with Chapters 8 and 9 of this manual.

Table 1-3 Essential Facilities

Community Living Center (CLC) (LTC, ECRC, ECU)

Dietetics (serving inpatient/food production)1

Domiciliary/MH Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (RRTP)

INTRODUCTION 1-6

Table 1-3 Essential Facilities

Hospice Care (inpatient service)

Notes:

1) The purpose of the facility is serving inpatient and food production, not administrative office space.

1.4.1.3 Ancillary Facilities: These facilities are intended to protect the life safety of occupants in case of an emergency. Although indispensable to the mission of VA, Ancillary facilities are not required to remain operational during or following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency. (Note: Some Ancillary Facilities are exempt from certain requirements of this Manual. See Notes 1 and 2 below).

Table 1-4 Ancillary Facilities

Accessory Non-Building Structure 2

Canteen, Cafeteria, Retail Store

Chapel (standalone building)

Child Care

Compensated Work Therapy/Transitional Residence (CWT/TR)

Credit Union

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation – outpatient

Fisher House 1

Greenhouse (Freestanding) 1

Library/Museum

Maintenance Facility (Shops)

INTRODUCTION 1-7

Table 1-4 Ancillary Facilities

Maintenance Storage (Non-biomedical Equipment and Non-Critical and Non-Essential Equipment Support) 2

Mental Health/Psychiatric Care - Outpatient

Miscellaneous structure/facility not otherwise identified 2

Non-occupied structures 2

Office (e.g., Clinical Administrative, General Administrative, etc.)

OIT - National Call Center

OIT - Network Support Center (NSC)

Parking Garage 2

Polytrauma - outpatient

Post Office

Quarters (Non-Veteran Residential)

Recreational

Rehabilitation Medicine - outpatient

Research Facility w/ Dry Labs only

Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders Center (SCID Center) -outpatient

Student Housing

Toilets (Outhouse) 2

Training, Education

Transitional Residence (TR-RRTP)

INTRODUCTION 1-8

Table 1-4 Ancillary Facilities

Veterans Services

Waste Management (Incinerator & Recycle)

Waste Storage (Non-hazardous) 2

Notes:

1) Exempt from requirements in Chapter 6 Building Envelope, and

Chapter 7 Structural Systems.

2) Exempt from requirements in Section 3.3 Standoff Distance, Chapter

6 Building Envelope, and Chapter 7 Structural Systems.

1.4.1.4 Facilities with Varying Designations: The Facility Criticality Designations for these facilities can range from Ancillary to Critical. The determination of the designations depends on the services provided in these facilities, or the designation of the primary facilities supported by these facilities.

Table 1-5 Facilities with/Varying Designations

Facilities

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci lla ry

Notes

Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC)

X X X

Default designation is Critical. Request to lower the designation can be submitted for review/approval when there is identified alternate VA site of care.

INTRODUCTION 1-9

Facilities

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Auditorium

- X X

Default designation is Ancillary. Follow Designation of the primary facility that it supports up to Essential. When the auditorium/facility, with public assembly as primary occupancy and with an occupant load greater than 300, upgrade to Essential.

Biomedical Eng. (equip. & wheelchair repair) - X X

Default designation is Ancillary. Follow Designation of the facility that it supports, up to Essential.

Central Energy/Utility Plant (including chiller and boiler plants)

X X X Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Connecting corridor concourses and bridges

X X X

Designation and requirements to be determined per section 1.3 on a case-by-case basis. [Considerations include exemption from requirements of chapters 3, 6, and 7 when they are not the main entrance or required exit for the connected buildings; follow Critical requirements if critical utilities are located inside along the corridor/bridge.]

INTRODUCTION 1-10

Facilities

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Consolidated Mail-Out Pharmacy (CMOP)

X X -

Default designation is Essential. Facility must conduct a risk assessment and consider upgrading to Critical based on factors such as regional workload, likelihood of natural disasters/hazards, and system resiliency in case of interruption. There are a limited number of CMOPs that cannot be duplicated for handling of controlled substances.

Emergency Generator X X X

Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Imaging Service X X X

Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Laundry

- X X

Default designation is Ancillary. Facility must conduct a risk assessment and consider upgrading to Essential based on factors such as regional workload, likelihood of natural disasters/hazards, and community availability of laundry services. Such upgrade can be determined at the VAMC & VISN level without additional approval from VHA- VACO or CFM.

INTRODUCTION 1-11

Facilities

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Medical Equipment Storage

X X X Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Medical Gas Storage X X X

Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Medical Records Storage X X X Medical Records Storage areas that are not standalone central storage facilities shall match the building designation of the most critical function of the building they are within.

OIT - Campus Support Center (CSC)

X X - Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

OIT - Mission Support Center (MSC)

X X -

Default designation is Essential. To be elevated to Critical when supporting mission-critical production environment that directly supports patient care.

Outpatient Care (including Ambulatory Care, OPC, CBOC, HCC, multi-specialty, primary care, etc.) X X X

Default designation is Ancillary. Refer to the list of VHA Strategic Planning Categories (Table 1-6) for determination of Designation. If the designation is raised due to services provided, request to lower the designation can be submitted for review/approval when there is identified alternate VA site of care.

INTRODUCTION 1-12

Facilities

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Rehabilitation Medicine - Inpatient (Blind, PT/OT)

X X - Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders Center (SCID Center) - inpatient

X X -

To be designed to Critical level for Acute and Essential for long-term.

Sterile Processing Service X X X

Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

Temporary Buildings X X X

Physical security requirements to be determined per section 1.3 on a case-by-case basis.

Warehouse

X X

Default designation is Ancillary.

Designation must be upgraded to Essential when storage includes controlled and sensitive material/substances deemed critical to continuity of operation.

Water Tower, Utility Supply Storage Structure or structures supporting utilities

X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the structure serves

1.4.1.5 VHA Strategic Planning Categories / Designations: Table 1-6 provides the designations based on the services listed in the VHA Strategic Planning Categories:

INTRODUCTION 1-13

Table 1-6 VHA Strategic Planning Categories/Designations:

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Amb Medical: Audiology and Speech x

Amb Medical: Cardiology

Amb Medical: Dialysis x

Amb Medical: Digestive/GI/Endoscopy - Office Visit

Amb Medical: Digestive/GI/Endoscopy - Procedure

Amb Medical: EEG/Neurology

Amb Medical: Endocrine/Metabolic and Diabetes

Amb Medical: NonSurg: All Other

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Allergy & Immunology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Dermatology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Infectious Diseases

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Nephrology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Rheumatology

Amb Medical: Oncology - Office Visit

Amb Medical: Oncology - Procedure

Amb Medical: Pulmonary/Resp Care

Amb Medical: Rehab Medicine

Amb Mental Hlth: Homeless

INTRODUCTION 1-14

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Amb Mental Hlth: Intensive Community Mental Health Recovery Services (ICMHR)

Amb Mental Hlth: Mental Health Clinic - All Others

Amb Mental Hlth: Mental Health Clinic - Psychotherapy

Amb Mental Hlth: MH RRTP Outpatient

Amb Mental Hlth: MH RRTP Residential Stay

Amb Mental Hlth: Psychology Clinic - All Others

Amb Mental Hlth: Psychology Clinic - Psychotherapy

Amb Mental Hlth: Substance Abuse Clinic

Amb Mental Hlth: Work Therapy

Amb Surg: Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery x

Amb Surg: Colon Rectal Surgery x

Amb Surg: ENT x

Amb Surg: General and All Other Surgery x

Amb Surg: Neurological Surgery x

Amb Surg: Obstetrics & Gynecology x

Amb Surg: Plastic Surgery x

Amb Surg: Urology x

Amb Surg: Eye Clinic x

INTRODUCTION 1-15

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Amb Surg: Orthopedics x

Amb Surg: Podiatry x

Amb: Dental - Basic

Amb: Dental - Major x

Amb: Dental - Minor

Amb: Geriatrics

Amb: Laboratory and Pathology

Amb: Nuclear Medicine

Amb: Primary Care

Amb: Radiation Therapy

Amb: Recreational Therapy

Amb: Urgent Care x

Blind Rehab - inpatient

Blind Rehab - outpatient

CLC - Long

CLC - Short

Home Hospice Care (Administrative Program)

Home Respite Care (Administrative Program)

Home Telehealth

INTRODUCTION 1-16

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Cr iti ca l

Es se nt ia l

An ci

Home-Based Primary Care

Homemaker/Home Health Aide Programs

Inpt Mental Hlth: General Compensated Work Therapy/Transitional Residence (Gen CWT/TR)

Inpt Mental Hlth: PRRP, PRRTP, SARRTP & Dom

Inpt Mental Hlth: Sustained Treatment and Rehab (STAR I II III) x

Inpt: Maternity Deliveries x

Inpt: Maternity Non-Deliveries x

Inpt: Medical x

Inpt: Observation Beds (47 hour) x

Inpt: Psychiatric x

Inpt: Substance Abuse x

Inpt: Surgical x

Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Center

Purchased Skilled Home Care

SCI&D Home Care

Spinal Cord Injury - outpatient

Spinal Cord Injury Centers - inpatient x

VA Adult Day Health Care

INTRODUCTION 1-17

1.4.1.6 Type V Construction

Buildings of type V construction (specifically light-frame wood or cold-formed steel framing structure) are exempt from specific blast-resistant design requirements for the Building Envelope and the Structural System. See Chapters 6 and 7, and Chapter 1 Annex for additional information.

1.4.2 Veterans Health Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

The default Facility Criticality Designations are provided for various VHA facilities in section 1.4.1; however, there can be situations where these default designations may not be appropriate due to the site conditions, size, location, or other factors of the specific project. A request to deviate from the default designation (such as, from Critical to Ancillary, or vice versa) may be made using the process to request deviation from baseline requirements as described in section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

When the VHA facility or service provides direct patient care, any deviation from the default designations (Critical, Essential, or Ancillary) must be based, at a minimum, on the patient care space and risk categories of NFPA 99, Healthcare Facilities Code, when applicable to the services provided in the facility. For reference, an excerpt of NFPA 99 may be found in the Chapter 1 Annex; however, NFPA 99 be reviewed and complied with in full. A risk assessment considering the respective patient care/risk category must be included in the request for deviation to lower the designation of a VHA facility or service. See Chapter 1 Annex for additional information.

1.4.3 Veterans Benefit Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

The default Facility Criticality Designation for VBA facilities and services is Ancillary. For VBA leased facilities, including build-to-suit, new construction, and lease in an existing facility; see section 1.4.6 VA Leased Facilities.

1.4.4 National Cemetery Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

National Cemeteries include facilities, both enclosed and open-air structures, and utilities.

While physical security and resiliency of NCA facilities and utilities is important, their unique nature and functions make many physical security and resiliency requirements less likely to be applicable in cemeteries than in VHA or VBA facilities. Table 1-2 lists the applicable requirements for each NCA facility type. Request for exceptions can be made in accordance with section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

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Table 1-8 National Cemetery Administration Criteria and Requirements

NCA Facility Type / Service

PSRDM Applicable Requirements Notes

Administration buildings:

• Visitor information

• Public restrooms

Section 3.3 Standoff Distance Section 3.6.2.1 Parking Section 6.3.1.1 Glass Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Section 3.6.2.1 does not apply to NCA staff parking.

Sufficient lighting must be provided for the operation of security systems in accordance with section 3.8 Site Lighting; such lighting must be mounted on the building exterior (not on poles or fences).

Lodges:

• Residential

• Non-residential

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

None

Maintenance buildings:

• Employee buildings

• Workshops

• Storage for vehicles and equipment

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Provide security fencing to maintenance yard adjacent to maintenance buildings.

Sufficient lighting must be provided for the operation of security systems in accordance with section 3.8 Site Lighting. Such lighting must be mounted on the building exterior (not on poles or fences).

Columbarium:

• Walls and courts

• Open-air structure

None None

Committal shelter:

• roofed, open at sides

• storage closet

• open-air structure

None None

Water supply (for potable water, not irrigation):

• systems

• pump stations

• deep wells

• reservoirs

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx B Security System Application

Matrix

Provide security fencing to control access.

Fuel supply:

• stations

• tanks

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Provide security fencing to control access.

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NCA Facility Type / Service

PSRDM Applicable Requirements Notes

Site Section 3.3 Perimeter Barrier Where site conditions allow:

perimeter or boundary fencing beyond the entrance area is preferred but is a site-specific decision for NCA;

the entire cemetery of hundreds of acres may not be fenced when it is first established but incrementally as it is developed.

NOTE: All relevant requirements of Appendix A are listed in the National Cemetery Administration section of that appendix; relevant requirements of Appendix B are listed under Cemetery in that appendix.

1.4.5 VA Owned Facilities

All facilities that are owned and operated by VA must follow the requirements of this manual.

These baseline physical security and resiliency requirements apply to new buildings, additions, and existing facilities undergoing renovations and alterations. Table 2-1 Project Scopes/Requirements provides direction in the applicability of requirements for a wide range of project scopes.

1.4.6 VA Leased Facilities

The implementation of physical security for leased facilities is to comply with the Interagency Security Committee (ISC) Risk Management Process. Leased facilities are not required to comply with physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual. For further information, please contact the Office of Real Property within the Office of Construction & Facilities Management.

1.5 Planning, Budgeting, and Programming for Physical Security and Resiliency

When establishing a design and a budget for a Critical, Essential or Ancillary project, it is essential that physical security and resiliency are fully integrated into the program, rather than being an added requirement. When physical security and resiliency are treated as add-ons to an otherwise complete project, the costs for implementation will be significantly higher and/or the results less effective. As such, it is essential to establish the physical security and resiliency goals within the capital investment project application phase of the project and to ensure that the budget is set to reflect the physical security and resiliency requirements within the program goals.

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1.5.1 Planning for Physical Security and Resiliency

Physical Security and resiliency must be incorporated in the Facility Master Plan (FMP) (or equal) conducted by each VA facility. VHA conducts a Hazard Vulnerability Assessment (HVA) on all facilities; VBA risk assessments are completed by Office of Administration and Facilities Physical Security Specialist and VA Police; NCA risk assessments are conducted by the VA Police.

The findings of risk and vulnerability assessments, prepared by the VA Police, Emergency Management Committee (EMC), or other, must be incorporated into the FMP.

Physical security and resiliency planning within the FMP is required to implement the standards of this manual. See Chapter 2 for the objectives and details of physical security and resiliency planning, risk analysis, and hazard vulnerability assessment.

1.5.2 Risk Assessment of VA Facilities

The risk assessment, mission impact assessment, and evaluation of the physical security and resiliency requirements for each project must be performed by qualified professional specialists/subject matter experts. Mission impact assessments are required to inform facilities/Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISN) when utility redundancies are needed in direct support of continued operations of facilities. Chapter 2 provides direction on the use and coordination of risk assessment and other vulnerability assessments with physical security and resiliency requirements for a specific project.

It is not possible to eliminate all risk to a facility, and projects may face resource limitations.

Cost effective risk management is a requirement of every project; therefore, physical security and resiliency must be fully integrated into the program from inception. Lack of funding alone is not the cause to neglect complying with any physical security and resiliency requirements.

During the planning phase of a new facility or alterations/renovations of an existing facility, the existing VA assessment programs and tools1 must be used to inform security planning and risk assessment. Security planning begins with a risk assessment to determine project- or site-specific requirements or the need for modifications to the baseline physical security and resiliency design requirements due to unique project conditions. The risk assessment is to be conducted during the project planning stage, and its outcome must be incorporated into the development of project scope and budget.

1.5.3 Value Management of Baseline PSRDM Requirements

A Value Management (VM) study was conducted for the 2015 Physical Security Design Manual (PSDM) in early 2016. The goal of the VM study was to identify the most lifecycle cost effective

1 These include the VA Police assessment, VHA Hazard Vulnerability Assessment (HVA), Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP, Facility Master Plan (FMP), and other risk or security evaluations.

INTRODUCTION 1-21

means of achieving physical security and resiliency for VA facilities. Through function and risk analysis, the VM study validated requirements and strategies to identify alternatives that would achieve the highest possible benefit to cost ratio.

Having vetted the physical security and resiliency requirements in the VM study and during the PSRDM update process, many cost-benefit concerns will not need to be revisited in future project-specific VM studies.

1.6 Introduction to Physical Security and Resiliency Concepts

1.6.1 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

VA follows the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED, see www.cpted.net). CPTED strategies include elements of natural surveillance, natural access control, and natural territorial reinforcement. CPTED promotes the principles that proper design and effective use of the built environment can discourage, reduce, or remove potential crime risks. CPTED must be used to evaluate VA site and building designs to create and enhance the concentric circles or layers of security protection. CPTED is covered in more detail in Chapter 3.

1.6.2 Facilities in Floodplains

As directed by Executive Order (EO) 11988, agencies must adhere to local floodplain regulations, which may be more stringent than Federal regulations. Throughout this manual, where it is mandatory that construction or equipment be in an area that is not subject to flooding, refer to the FEMA flood map information available at https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program/flood-map-information. No new facilities shall be constructed in the 100-year flood plain. Data from recent floods and storms, as well as available future projections, must be evaluated for implementation of flood mitigation measures at the facilities.

1.6.3 Security Operations Requirements

Design decisions for the physical security of VA facilities must be based on the concentric levels of control and protection — both physical and operational — as further described in the Annex to Chapter 3.

Directions on operational procedures can be found in VA Handbook 0730 and are not a part of the PSRDM. The physical security systems are designed to support the operational plan; for example, a mass notification system supports Emergency Operations such as evacuation operations.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs http://www.cpted.net/ https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program/flood-map-information https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program/flood-map-information

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1.7 Coordination and Prioritization of Physical Security and

Resiliency Requirements with Other Documents

Coordination with other VA documents is required. As VA updates the physical security and resiliency requirements in the PSRDM, it is imperative that VA criteria, standards, specifications, and others be coordinated with the new requirements. The A/E designer of record for a VA project must incorporate the requirements of the PSRDM into the specifications and construction documents for the project. Users of this manual must familiarize themselves with the most current documents on the VA CFM Technical Information Library (TIL) at https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/.

Physical security and resiliency requirements must accommodate environmental and cultural special conditions unique to each site. All construction and renovation/alteration projects at VA facilities must be reviewed during the planning phase to identify and resolve any environmental impacts. VA is to obtain service of qualified profession subject matter expert to conduct the review in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and related laws and regulations. Where conflicts between physical security or resiliency requirements and special environmental or cultural conditions (including the distinctive qualities of a historic building) are identified, such conflicts must be resolved under NEPA and NHPA, as applicable, in ways that to the extent practicable do not detract from physical security and resiliency objectives.

1.8 Requirements for Subject Matter Specialists

In order to meet the physical security and resiliency requirements of this manual, as appropriate to the scope of the project, the design team must include: (1) a certified physical security specialist with an emphasis on risk and vulnerability assessments, physical security design and CPTED, and anti-terrorism force protection; (2) a control systems cybersecurity specialist with in-depth knowledge of the Risk Management Framework; (3) a certified physical security specialist with an emphasis on Electronic Security Systems; (4) certified information and communications technology (ICT) specialist with an emphasis on networking and cabling;

(5) a certified systems integrator specialist with an emphasis on HSPD/PPD-21 integrations; and,

(6) a licensed professional structural engineer who has specialized training in blast design and analysis…