09 30 13 - Ceramic and Porcelain Tiling.pdf

Dayton VAMC May 2, 2025

Correct Infrastructure Deficiencies B408 Addendum #2

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SECTION 09 30 13

CERAMIC/PORCELAIN TILING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION:

A. This section specifies interior porcelain tile, waterproofing membranes for thin-set applications, crack isolation membranes, and tile backer board.

1.2 RELATED WORK:

A. Sealing of Joints: SECTION 09 05 16 SUBSURFACE PREPARATION FOR FLOOR

FINISHES.

B. Color, Texture, Pattern, and Size of Field Tile and Trim Shapes, and

Color of Grout Per Campus Standards.

1.3 SUBMITTALS:

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT

DATA, AND SAMPLES.

B. Samples:

1. Base tile, each type, each color, each size.

2. Paver tile, each size, type, color and pattern.

3. Porcelain tile, each type, color, patterns and size.

4. Wall (or wainscot) tile, each color, size and pattern.

5. Trim shapes, bullnose cap and cove including bullnose cap and base pieces at internal and external corners of vertical surfaces, each type, color, and size.

C. Product Data:

1. Ceramic and porcelain tile, marked to show each type, size, and shape required.

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2. Cementitious backer unit.

3. Dry-set portland cement mortar and grout.

4. Divider strip.

5. Elastomeric membrane and bond coat.

6. Reinforcing tape.

7. Leveling compound.

8. Latex-portland cement mortar and grout.

9. Commercial portland cement grout.

10. Organic adhesive.

11. Slip resistant tile.

12. Waterproofing isolation membrane.

13. Fasteners.

D. Certification:

1. Master grade certificate, ANSI A137.1.

2. Manufacturer's certificates indicating that the following materials comply with specification requirements:

a. Chemical resistant mortar and grout (epoxy and furan).

b. Modified epoxy emulsion.

c. Commercial portland cement grout.

d. Cementitious backer unit.

e. Dry-set portland cement mortar and grout.

f. Elastomeric membrane and bond coat.

g. Reinforcing tape.

h. Latex-portland cement mortar and grout.

i. Leveling compound.

j. Organic adhesive.

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k. Waterproof isolation membrane.

l. Factory back mounted tile documentation for suitability for application in wet area.

E. Installer Qualifications:

1. Submit letter stating installer’s experience.

1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE:

A. Deliver materials in containers with labels legible and intact and grade-seals unbroken.

B. Store material to prevent damage or contamination.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

A. Installers to be from a company specializing in performing installation of products specified and have a minimum of three (3) years’ experience.

B. Each type and color of tile to be provided from a single source.

C. Each type and color of mortar, adhesive, and grout to be provided from the same source.

1.6 WARRANTY:

A. Construction Warranty: Comply with FAR clause 52.246-21, “Warranty of

Construction”.

1.7 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS:

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by basic designation only.

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B. American National Standards Institute (ANSI):

A10.20-06(R2011)........Safe Operating Practices for Tile, Terrazzo and Marble WorkA108/A118/A136-14

Installation of Ceramic Tile

A108.01-13..............Subsurfaces and Preparations by Other

Trades

A108.02-13..............Materials, Environmental, and Workmanship

A108.1A-14..............Installation of Ceramic Tile in the Wet-

Set Method with Portland Cement Mortar

A108.1B-10..............Installation of Ceramic Tile on a Cured

Portland Cement Mortar Setting Bed with

Dry-Set or Latex-Portland Cement Mortar

A108.1C-10..............Contractors Option; Installation of

Ceramic Tile in the Wet-Set method with

Portland Cement Mortar or Installation of

Ceramic Tile on a Cured Portland Cement

Mortar Setting Bed with Dry-Set or Latex-

Portland Cement Mortar

A108.4-09...............Ceramic Tile with Organic Adhesives or

Water Cleanable Tile-Setting Epoxy

Adhesive

A108.6-10...............Ceramic Tile with Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Setting and -

Grouting Epoxy

A108.8-10...............Ceramic Tile with Chemical Resistant

Furan Resin Mortar and Grout

A108.10-10..............Grout in Tilework

A108.13-10..............Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof

Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tile and

Dimension Stone

A118.1-12...............Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar

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A118.3-13...............Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-

Setting and –Grouting Epoxy and Water

Cleanable Tile-Setting Epoxy Adhesive

A118.4-12...............Latex-Portland Cement Mortar

A118.5-10...............Chemical Resistant Furan Mortars and

Grouts

A118.6-10...............Cement Grouts for Tile Installation

A118.7-10...............High Performance Cement Grouts for Tile

Installation

A118.9-10...............Cementitious Backer Units

A118.10-14..............Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof

Membranes for Thin-Set Ceramic Tile and

Dimension Stone Installation

A136.1-13...............Organic Adhesives for Installation of

Ceramic Tile

A137.1-12...............American National Standard Specifications for Ceramic Tile

C. ASTM International (ASTM):

A666-10.................Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic

Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and

Flat Bar

A1064/A1064M-14.........Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire

Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for

Concrete

C109/C109M-13...........Standard Test Method for Compressive

Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars

(Using 2 inch. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)

C241/C241M-13...........Abrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to

Foot Traffic

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C348-14.................Standard Test Method for Flexural

Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars

C627-10.................Evaluating Ceramic Floor Tile

Installation Systems Using the Robinson-

Type Floor Tester

C954-11.................Steel Drill Screws for the Application of

Gypsum Board on Metal Plaster Base to

Steel Studs from 0.033 in (0.84 mm) to

0.112 in (2.84 mm) in thickness

C979/C979M-10...........Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete

C1002-14................Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Panel Products

C1027-09................Test Method for Determining Visible

Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic

Tile

C1127-01(R2009).........Standard Guide for Use of High Solids

Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric

Waterproofing Membrane with an Integral

Wearing Surface

C1178/C1178M-13.........Standard Specification for Coated Glass

Mat Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Panel

C1325-14................Non-Asbestos Fiber-Mat Reinforced

Cementitious Backer Units

C1353/C1353M-09(R2013)..Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone

Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary

Platform, Double-Head Abraser

D1204-14................Test Method for Linear Dimensional

Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic

Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature

D2240-05(R2010).........Test Method for Rubber Property –

Durometer Hardness

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D2497-07(R2012).........Tolerances for Manufactured Organic-Base

Filament Single Yarns

D3045-92(R2010).........Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load

D4397-10................Standard Specification for Polyethylene

Sheeting for Construction, Industrial and

Agricultural Applications

D5109-12................Standard Test Methods for Copper-Clad

Thermosetting Laminates for Printed

Wiring Boards

D. Code of Federal Regulation (CFR):

40 CFR 59...............Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density Volume Solids, and

Weight Solids of Surface Coating

E. Marble Institute of America (MIA): Design Manual III-2007

F. Tile Council of North America, Inc. (TCNA):

Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation (2014)

DCOF AcuTest-2012.......Dynamic Coefficient of Friction Test

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 TILE:

A. Comply with ANSI A137.1, Standard Grade, except as modified:

1. Inspection procedures listed under the Appendix of ANSI A137.1.

2. Abrasion Resistance Classification:

a. Tested in accordance with values listed in Table 1, ASTM C1027.

b. Class V, 12000 revolutions for floors in Corridors, Kitchens, Storage including Refrigerated Rooms

c. Class IV, 6000 revolutions for remaining areas.

3. Slip Resistant Tile for Floors:

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a. Coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with

ANSI A137.1 and measured per the TCNA DCOF AcuTest.

i. Equal to or greater than .42 for level interior tile floors that will be walked on when wet.

b. Tile Having Abrasive Grains:

i.Unglazed Ceramic Mosaic Tile: Abrasive grains throughout body of the tile.

c. Porcelain Paver Tile: Matte surface finish.

4. Factory Blending: For tile with color variations, within the ranges selected during sample submittals blend tile in the factory and package so tile units taken from one (1) package show the same range in colors as those taken from other packages and match approved samples.

5. Factory-Applied Temporary Protective Coating:

a. Protect exposed face surfaces (top surface) of tile against adherence of mortar and grout by pre-coating with a continuous film of hot applied petroleum paraffin wax.

b. Do not coat unexposed tile surfaces.

c. Pre-wax tiles set or grouted with or latex modified mortars.

B. Glazed Wall Tile: Cushion edges, glazing.

C. Porcelain Paver Tile: Nominal 8 mm (5/16 inch) thick, with cushion edges. Porcelain tile produced by the dust pressed method are to be made of approximately 50% feldspar; the remaining 50% is to be made up of various high-quality light firing ball clays yielding a tile with a water absorption rate of 0.5% or less and a breaking strength of between 176 to 181 kg (390 to 400 lbs.).

E. Trim Shapes:

1. Conform to applicable requirements of adjoining floor and wall tile.

2. Use slip resistant trim shapes for horizontal surfaces of showers, recessed steps, shower curbs, drying area curbs, and seats.

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3. Use trim shapes sizes conforming to size of adjoining field wall tile unless detailed on construction documents or specified otherwise.

4. Internal and External Corners:

a. For unglazed ceramic mosaic and glazed wall tile installed in portland cement mortar setting bed, use cove and bullnose shapes as applicable.

b. For unglazed ceramic mosaic and glazed wall tile installed in dry-set portland cement mortar, latex-portland cement mortar, and organic adhesive (thin set methods), use cove and surface bullnose shapes as applicable.

c. Provide cove and bullnose shapes where indicated in construction documents and required to complete tile work.

2.2 BACKER UNITS:

A. Cementitious Backer Units:

1. Use in showers or wet areas.

2. Conform to ASTM C1325; Type A.

3. Use in maximum lengths available to minimize end to end butt joints.

2.3 JOINT MATERIALS FOR CEMENTITIOUS BACKER UNITS:

A. Reinforcing Tape: Vinyl coated woven glass fiber mesh tape, open weave, 50 mm (2 inches) wide. Tape with pressure sensitive adhesive backing will not be permitted.

B. Tape Embedding Material: Latex-portland cement mortar complying with

ANSI A108.01.

C. Joint material, including reinforcing tape, and tape embedding material, are to be as specifically recommended by the backer unit manufacturer.

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2.4 FASTENERS:

A. Screws for Cementitious Backer Units.

1. Standard screws for gypsum board are not acceptable.

2. Minimum 11 mm (7/16 inch) diameter head, corrosion resistant coated, with washers.

3. ASTM C954 for steel 1 mm (0.033 inch) thick.

4. ASTM C1002 for steel framing less than 0.0329 inch thick.

B. Washers: Galvanized steel, 13 mm (1/2 inch) minimum diameter.

2.5 SETTING MATERIALS OR BOND COATS:

A. Conform to TCNA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation.

B. Portland Cement Mortar: ANSI A108.02.

C. Latex-Portland Cement Mortar: ANSI A118.4.

1. For wall applications, provide non-sagging, latex-portland cement mortar complying with ANSI A118.4.

2. Prepackaged Dry-Mortar Mix: Factory-prepared mixture of portland cement; dry, redispersible, ethylene vinyl acetate additive; and other ingredients to which only water needs to be added at Project site.

D. Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar: ANSI A118.1. For wall applications, provide non-sagging, latex-portland cement mortar complying with

ANSI A118.1.

E. Organic Adhesives: ANSI A136.1, Type 1.

F. Chemical-Resistant Bond Coat:

1. Epoxy Resin Type: ANSI A118.3.

2. Furan Resin Type: ANSI A118.5.

G. Waterproofing Isolation Membrane:

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1. Sheet System TCNA F122-14 (on-ground concrete) and TCNA F122A-14

(above-ground concrete).

2. Composite sheet consisting of ASTM D5109, Type II, Grade I

Chlorinated Polyethylene (CM) sheet reinforced on both sides with a non-woven polyester fiber.

3. Designed for use in wet areas as an isolation and positive waterproofing membranes for thin-set bonding of sheet to substrate and thin-set bonding of ceramic and porcelain tile or marble to sheet. Suited for both horizontal and vertical applications.

4. Conform to the following additional physical properties:

Property Units Results Test Method

Hardness

Shore A

Points 70-80 ASTM D2240

(10 Second

Reading)

Shrinkage Percent 5 maximum ASTM D1204

Brittleness No crack remains flexible at temperature

-37 degrees C

(-35 degrees F)

ASTM D2497

13 mm (1/2-inch)

Mandrel Bend

Retention of

Properties after Heat

Aging

Percent of original

80 Tensile

80 Breaking

80 Elongation

ASTM D3045,

90 degrees C

(194 degrees F) for 168 hours

5. Manufacturer’s standard sheet size with prefabricated or preformed inside and outside corners.

6. Sheet manufacturer’s solvent welding liquid or xylene and edge sealant.

2.6 GROUTING MATERIALS:

A. Coloring Pigments:

1. Pure mineral pigments, lime proof and nonfading, complying with

ASTM C979/C979M.

2. Coloring pigments may only be added to grout by the manufacturer.

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3. Job colored grout is not acceptable.

4. Use is required in Commercial Portland Cement Grout, Dry-Set Grout, and Latex-Portland Cement Grout.

B. Sand-Portland Cement Grout: ANSI A108.10, consisting of white or gray cement and white or colored aggregate as required to produce color indicated. Zero VOC content.

C. Standard Cement Grout: ANSI A118.6.

2.7 PATCHING AND LEVELING COMPOUND:

A. Portland cement base, polymer-modified, self-leveling compound, manufactured specifically for resurfacing and leveling concrete floors.

Products containing gypsum are not acceptable.

B. Provide a patching and leveling compound with the following minimum physical properties:

1. Compressive strength - 25 MPa (3500 psig) per ASTM C109/C109M.

2. Flexural strength - 7 MPa (1000 psig) per ASTM C348 (28 day value).

3. Tensile strength – 4.1 MPa (600 psi) per ANSI 118.7.

4. Density – 1.9.

C. Capable of being applied in layers up to 38 mm (1-1/2 inches) thick without fillers and up to 101 mm (4 inches) thick with fillers, being brought to a feather edge, and being trowelled to a smooth finish.

D. Primers, fillers, and reinforcement as required by manufacturer for application and substrate condition.

E. Ready for use in 48 hours after application.

2.8 WATER:

A. Clean, potable and free from salts and other injurious elements to mortar and grout materials.

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2.9 CLEANING COMPOUNDS:

A. Specifically designed for cleaning masonry and concrete and which will not prevent bond of subsequent tile setting materials including patching and leveling compounds and elastomeric waterproofing membrane and coat.

B. Materials containing acid or caustic Material are not acceptable.

2.10 FLOOR MORTAR BED REINFORCING:

A. ASTM A1064/A1064M welded wire fabric without backing, MW3 x MW3

(2 x 2-W0.5 x W0.5).

2.11 POLYETHYLENE SHEET:

A. Polyethylene sheet conforming to ASTM D4397.

B. Nominal thickness: 0.15 mm (6 mils).

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS:

A. Maintain ambient temperature of work areas at not less than

16 degrees C (60 degrees F), without interruption, for not less than 24 hours before installation and not less than three (3) days after installation.

B. Maintain higher temperatures for a longer period of time where required by manufacturer's recommendation and ANSI Specifications for installation.

C. Do not install tile when the temperature is above 38 degrees C

(100 degrees F).

D. Do not install materials when the temperature of the substrate is below

16 degrees C (60 degrees F).

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E. Do not allow temperature to fall below 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) after third day of completion of tile work.

3.2 ALLOWABLE TOLERANCE:

A. Variation in plane of sub-floor, including concrete fills leveling compounds and mortar beds:

1. Not more than 6 mm in 3048 mm (1/4 inch in 10 feet) from required elevation where portland cement mortar setting bed is used.

2. Not more than 3 mm in 3048 mm (1/8 inch in 10 feet) where dry-set portland cement, and latex-portland cement mortar setting beds and chemical-resistant bond coats are used.

B. Variation in Plane of Wall Surfaces:

1. Not more than 6 mm in 2438 mm (1/4 inch in 8 feet) from required plane where portland cement mortar setting bed is used.

2. Not more than 3 mm in 2438 mm (1/8 inch in 8 feet) where dry-set or latex-portland cement mortar or organic adhesive setting materials is used.

3.3 SURFACE PREPARATION:

A. Cleaning New Concrete or Masonry:

1. Chip out loose material clean off all oil, grease dirt, adhesives, curing compounds, and other deterrents to bonding by mechanical method, or by using products specifically designed for cleaning concrete and masonry.

2. Use self-contained power blast cleaning systems to remove curing compounds and steel trowel finish from concrete slabs where ceramic tile will be installed directly on concrete surface with thin-set materials.

3. Steam cleaning or the use of acids and solvents for cleaning will not be permitted.

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B. Patching and Leveling:

1. Mix and apply patching and leveling compound in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

2. Fill holes and cracks and align concrete floors that are out of required plane with patching and leveling compound.

a. Thickness of compound as required to bring finish tile system to elevation shown on construction documents.

b. Float finish.

c. At substrate expansion, isolation, and other moving joints, allow joint of same width to continue through underlayment.

3. Apply patching and leveling compound to concrete and masonry wall surfaces that are out of required plane.

4. Apply leveling coats of material compatible with wall surface and tile setting material to wall surfaces, other than concrete and masonry that are out of required plane.

C. Mortar Bed for Slopes to Drains:

1. Slope compound to drain where drains are shown on construction documents.

2. Install mortar bed in depressed slab sloped to drains not less than

3.2 mm in 305 mm (1/8 inch per foot).

3. Allow not less than 50 mm (2 inch) depression at edge of depressed slab.

4. Screed for slope to drain and float finish.

5. Cure mortar bed for not less than seven (7) days. Do not use curing compounds or coatings.

6. Perform flood test to verify mortar bed slopes to drain before installing tile. Contracting Officer Representative (COR) to be present during flood test.

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D. Additional preparation of concrete floors for tile set with epoxy, or furan-resin is to be in accordance with the manufacturer's printed instructions.

E. Cleavage Membrane:

1. Install polythene sheet as cleavage membrane in depressed slab when waterproof membrane is not scheduled or indicated.

2. Turn up at edge of depressed floor slab to top of floor.

F. Walls:

1. In showers or other wet areas cover studs with polyethylene sheet.

2. Apply patching and leveling compound to concrete and masonry surfaces that are out of required plane.

3. Apply leveling coats of material compatible with wall surface and tile setting material to wall surfaces, other than concrete and masonry that are out of required plane.

G. Existing Floors and Walls:

1. Remove existing composition floor finishes and adhesive. Prepare surface by grinding, chipping, self-contained power blast cleaning or other suitable mechanical methods to completely expose uncontaminated concrete or masonry surfaces. Follow safety requirements of ANSI A10.20.

2. Where new tile bases are required to finish flush with plaster above or where they are extensions of similar bases in conjunction with existing floor tiles, cut channel in floor slab and expose rough wall construction sufficiently to accommodate new tile base and setting material.

3.4 CEMENTITIOUS BACKER UNITS:

A. Remove polyethylene wrapping from cementitious backer units and separate to allow for air circulation. Allow moisture content of backer units to dry down to a maximum of 35 percent before applying joint treatment and tile.

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B. Install in accordance with ANSI A118.9 except as specified otherwise.

C. Install units horizontally or vertically to minimize joints with end joints over framing members. Units with rounded edges; face rounded edge away from studs to form a “V” joint for joint treatment.

D. Secure cementitious backer units to each framing member with screws spaced not more than 203 mm (8 inches) on center and not closer than

13 mm (1/2 inch) from the edge of the backer unit or as recommended by backer unit manufacturer. Install screws so that the screw heads are flush with the surface of the backer unit.

E. Where backer unit joins shower pans or waterproofing, lap backer unit over turned up waterproof system. Install fasteners only through top one-inch of turned up waterproof systems.

F. Do not install joint treatment for seven (7) days after installation of cementitious backer unit.

G. Joint Treatment:

1. Fill horizontal and vertical joints and corners with latex-portland cement mortar. Apply fiberglass tape over joints and corners and embed with same mortar.

2. Leave 6 mm (1/4 inch) space for sealant at lips of tubs, sinks, or other plumbing receptors.

3.5 TILE – GENERAL:

A. Comply with ANSI A108/A118/A136 series of tile installation standards applicable to methods of installation and TCNA Installation Guidelines.

B. Installing Mortar Beds for Floors:

1. Install mortar bed in a manner that does not damage cleavage or waterproof membrane; 32 mm (1-1/2 inch) minimum thickness.

2. Install floor mortar bed reinforcing centered in mortar fill.

3. Screed finish to level plane or slope to drains shown on construction documents, float finish.

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4. For thin set systems cure mortar bed not less than seven (7) days.

Do not use curing compounds or coatings.

5. For tile set with portland cement paste over plastic mortar bed coordinate to set tile before mortar bed sets.

C. Setting Beds or Bond Coats:

1. Where recessed or depressed floor slabs are filled with portland cement mortar bed, set ceramic mosaic floor tile in either portland cement paste over plastic mortar bed or latex-portland cement mortar over cured mortar bed except as specified otherwise, ANSI A108-1C, TCNA System F121-14 or F111-14.

2. Set floor tile in elastomeric bond coat over elastomeric membrane per ANSI 108.13, TCNA System F122-14 where indicated on construction documents.

3. Set wall tile installed over concrete or masonry in dry-set portland cement mortar, or latex-portland cement mortar, ANSI 108.1B and

TCNA System W211-14, W221-14 or W222-14.

4. Set wall tile installed over concrete backer board in latex-portland cement mortar, ANSI A108.1B.

5. Set wall tile installed over portland cement mortar bed on metal lath base in portland cement paste over plastic mortar bed, or dry-set portland cement mortar or latex-portland cement mortar over a cured mortar bed, ANSI A108.1C, TCNA System W231-14, W241-14.

6. Set tile over concrete in therapeutic pools in portland cement paste or dry set portland cement mortar, ANSI A108.1C, TCNA System P601MB-

14.

7. Set tile installed over gypsum board and gypsum plaster in organic adhesive, ANSI A108.1, TCNA System W242-14.

8. Set trim shapes in same material specified for setting adjoining tile.

D. Workmanship:

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1. Set tile firmly in place with finish surfaces in true planes. Align tile flush with adjacent tile unless shown otherwise on construction documents.

2. Form intersections and returns accurately.

3. Cut and drill tile neatly without marring surface.

4. Cut edges of tile abutting penetrations, finish, or built-in items:

a. Fit tile closely around electrical outlets, piping, fixtures and fittings, so that plates, escutcheons, collars and flanges will overlap cut edge of tile.

b. Seal tile joints water tight as specified in Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS, around electrical outlets, piping fixtures and fittings before cover plates and escutcheons are set in place.

5. Completed work is to be free from hollow sounding areas and loose, cracked or defective tile.

6. Remove and reset tiles that are out of plane or misaligned.

7. Floors:

a. Extend floor tile beneath casework and equipment, except those units mounted in wall recesses.

b. Align finish surface of new tile work flush with other and existing adjoining floor finish where indicated in construction documents.

c. In areas where floor drains occur, slope tile to drains.

d. Push and vibrate tiles over 203 mm (8 inches) square to achieve full support of bond coat.

8. Walls:

a. Cover walls and partitions, including pilasters, furred areas, and freestanding columns from floor to ceiling, or from floor to nominal wainscot heights as indicated in construction documents with tile.

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b. Finish reveals of openings with tile, except where other finish materials are indicated in construction documents.

c. Finish wall surfaces behind and at sides of casework and equipment, except those units mounted in wall recesses, with same tile as scheduled for room proper.

9. Joints:

a. Keep all joints in line, straight, level, perpendicular and of even width unless shown otherwise on construction documents.

b. Make joints 2 mm (1/16 inch) wide for glazed wall tile and mosaic tile work.

c. Make joints in paver tile, porcelain type; maximum 3 mm

(1/8 inch) wide.

10. Back Buttering: For installations indicated below, obtain 100 percent mortar coverage by complying with applicable special requirements for back buttering of tile in referenced

ANSI A108/A118/A136 series of tile installation standards:

a. Tile wall installations in wet areas, including showers, tub enclosures, laundries and swimming pools.

b. Tile installed with chemical-resistant mortars and grouts.

c. Tile wall installations composed of tiles 203 by 203 mm

(8 by 8 inches) or larger.

d. Exterior tile wall installations.

3.6 CERAMIC TILE INSTALLED WITH PORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR:

A. Mortar Mixes for Floor, Wall and Base Tile (including Showers):

ANSI A108.1A. except specified otherwise.

B. Installing Wall and Base Tile: ANSI A108.1A, except specified otherwise.

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C. Installing Floor Tile: ANSI A108.1A, except as specified otherwise.

Slope mortar beds to floor drains at a minimum of 3 mm in 305 mm

(1/8 inch per foot).

3.7 PORCELAIN TILE INSTALLED WITH LATEX PORTLAND CEMENT BONDING MORTAR:

A. Due to the denseness of porcelain tile use latex portland cement bonding mortar that meets the requirements of ANSI A108.01. Mix bonding mortars in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Provide liquid ratios and comply with dwell times during the placement of bonding mortar and tile.

3.8 THIN SET CERAMIC AND PORCELAIN TILE INSTALLED WITH DRY-SET PORTLAND

CEMENT AND LATEX-PORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR:

A. Installation of Tile: ANSI A108.1B, except as specified otherwise.

B. Slope tile work to drains at not less than 3 mm in 305 mm (1/8 inch per foot).

3.9 CERAMIC AND PORCELAIN TILE INSTALLED WITH ELASTOMERIC BOND COAT:

A. Surface Preparation: Prepare surfaces as specified.

B. Installation of Elastomeric Membrane: ANSI A108.10 and TCNA F122-14 (on ground concrete) and F122A-14 (above-ground concrete).

1. Prime surfaces, where required, in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

2. Install first coat of membrane material in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, in thickness of 0.76 to 1.3 mm (30 to

50 mils).

3. Extend material over flashing rings of drains and turn up vertical surfaces not less than 101 mm (4 inches) above finish floor surface.

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4. When material has set, recoat areas with a second coat of elastomeric membrane material for a total thickness of 1.3 to 1.9 mm

(50 to 75 mils).

5. After curing test for leaks with 25 mm (1 inch) of water for 24 hours.

C. Installation of Tile in Elastomeric Membrane:

1. Spread no more material than can be covered with tile before material starts to set.

2. Apply tile in second coat of elastomeric membrane material in accordance with the coating manufacturer's instructions in lieu at aggregate surfacing specified in ASTM C1127. Do not install top coat over tile.

3.10 GROUTING:

A. Grout Type and Location:

1. Grout for glazed wall and base tile, paver tile and unglazed mosaic tile portland cement grout, latex-portland cement grout, dry-set grout, or commercial portland cement grout.

B. Workmanship:

1. Install and cure grout in accordance with the applicable standard.

2. Sand Portland Cement Grout: ANSI A108.10.

3. Standard Cement Grout: ANSI A118.6.

4. High Performance Grout: ANSI A118.7.

5. Epoxy Grout: ANSI A108.6.

6. Water-Cleanable Epoxy Grout: ANSI A118.3.

7. Furan and Commercial Portland Cement Grout: ANSI A118.5 and in accordance with the manufacturer's printed instructions.

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3.11 MOVEMENT JOINTS:

A. Prepare tile expansion, isolation, construction and contraction joints for installation of sealant. Refer to Section 07 92 00, JOINT SEALANTS.

B. TCNA details EJ 171-14.

C. At expansion joints, rake out joint full depth of tile and setting bed and mortar bed. Do not cut waterproof or isolation membrane.

D. Rake out grout at joints between tile, and where indicated in construction documents not less than 6 mm (1/4 inch) deep.

3.12 CLEANING:

A. Thoroughly sponge and wash tile. Polish glazed surfaces with clean dry cloths.

B. Methods and materials used are not permitted to damage or impair appearance of tile surfaces.

C. The use of acid or acid cleaners on glazed tile surfaces is prohibited.

D. Clean tile grouted with epoxy, furan and commercial portland cement grout and tile set in elastomeric bond coat as recommended by the manufacturer of the grout and bond coat.

3.13 PROTECTION:

A. Keep traffic off tile floor, until grout and setting material is fully set and cured.

B. Where traffic occurs over tile floor is unavoidable, cover tile floor with not less than 9 mm (3/8 inch) thick plywood, wood particle board, or hardboard securely taped in place. Do not remove protective cover until time for final inspection. Clean tile of any tape, adhesive and stains.

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3.14 TESTING FINISH FLOOR:

A. Test floors in accordance with ASTM C627 to show compliance with codes

1 through 10.

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