3515R08 - Appendix Q - Instrumentation Plan - General Protocols.pdf

APPENDIX Q

INSTRUMENTATION PLAN – GENERAL

PROTOCOL

Protocol IP001

INSTRUMENTATION PLAN – GENERAL

Data Collected:

Development of Instrumentation Plan for live load testing, dynamic testing, and long-term instrumentation.

References:

IP002 Sensor Symbols and Nomenclature

Live Load Testing – General LL001 LT001 Long-Term Instrumentation – General

Process Description/Data Collection Principle:

The template for all instrumentation plans for structural testing and monitoring used in all reports and communications follows.

Types of drawings in an instrumentation plan include:

• Plan View (girders indicated as dashed lines, cross-section cuts labeled)

• Elevation View (Access and general information of what is under the bridge)

• Cross-Sections (A minimum of one, with a maximum being as many as required to show each sensor installation location)

Figure 50. Photo. Surface Mounted Strain Transducer, Showing Identification Number.

On-site Equipment:

N/A

Data Collection Method:

A well-documented plan showing the type, quantity, and location of sensors for structural evaluation is essential to successful testing or monitoring. The choice of sensor types to be used depends on the bridge being monitored. Engineering judgment, bi-ennial inspection documents, and information from Pre-Test Finite Element Modeling shall be used when selecting the appropriate sensors and locations. Based on review of the information, if there are areas of deterioration or damage, such as cracking in a steel girder or loss of section, instrumentation shall be provided to monitor the behavior of bridge as it is affected by the deterioration or damage. Since each bridge is a unique monitoring application, detailed information of the testing plan and results should be explained in the instrumentation plan and test report (Protocol LL007).

Basic components of each drawing type are provided below. Sensors are placed using a combination of Plan, Elevation, and Cross-Section views.

Plan View:

The Plan View provides a summary description of the entire instrumentation plan. The following items shall be

Protocol indicated:

• The reference point should be clearly marked. The reference point, identified in Figure 1, is the origin point (0, 0, 0) of the rectangular global positioning system established for the bridge being inspected,

• Girders, or box outlines, as dashed (hidden) lines,

• A true north or project north arrow

• Dimensions, including bridge width, girder spacing, overall length of bridge, length of bridge spans, distance to cross-section(s), and any other information necessary,

• Only sensors that are installed on or in the deck shall be displayed. All other sensors will be called out in the cross-section view. All sensors shall be identified using the appropriate Symbol and Sensor Number (Protocol IP002).

• Girder and other element numbering is established per the Structure Segmentation and Element Numbering System .

Figure 51. Graphic. Plan View Example.

Elevation View:

An elevation view will provide information on access under the bridge. The following shall be included on the elevation view:

• Vertical clearances,

• Terrain,

• Slope of aprons,

• Transportation facilities under the bridge

• True or project north arrow

• Bridge and span length dimensions.

• Any sensors that can be more clearly and easily displayed on the elevation view than cross-sectional view.

• All sensors shall be identified using the appropriate Symbol and Sensor Number (Protocol IP002).

Figure 52. Graphic. Example of Elevation View

Cross-Section View:

The cross-section view is the primary view used to call out sensor locations. Cross-sections shall be labeled in alphabetical order (i.e. AA, BB, CC…) with AA being the cross section closest to the reference point. All cross-section cuts shall be made looking in the positive x-direction. Wherever a sensor is installed, a cross-section view is required. The following shall be included on all cross-section views:

• When the sensor is not on the bottom girder flange, the vertical location shall be called out,

• Lane widths, indicating the lane location by hatching of the concrete deck

• Shoulder and parapet/guard rail widths

• Girder/web spacing and overhangs

Figure 53. Graphic. Example of cross-section drawing.

Figure 54. Graphic. Second example of cross-section drawing.

A schedule of sensors shall be prepared. Sensors shall be organized by the sensor number. Information required for each sensor includes, the sensor name (Protocol IP002), model or type, manufacturer, x-location (ft.), y-location (ft.) and z-location (in.). Also, indicate cross-section and girder number, if applicable.

Table 35. Example sensor information schedule.

Sensor

Number Name Description of Name Model Type S/N

Description of Model/Type Manufacturer Precision Range

Location Cross- Section

Girder Number X(ft.) Y(ft.) Z(in.)

Criteria for data validation:

N/A

Next Process:

Live Load Testing – General LL001

LT001 Long-Term Instrumentation – General

Table 36. Data Collection Table for Protocol

IP001

# Name Units/format Values/Accuracy 1 State Text Text 2 NBI Structure # Text Text 3 Structure name Text Text 4 Personnel performing inspection activities

List Name(s)

5 Date system created mm/dd/yyyy Exact date 6 Comments Text Unlimited

Data

Protocol IP002

SENSOR SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE

Data Collected:

Development of sensor symbol and nomenclature for live load testing, dynamic testing, and long-term instrumentation.

References:

IP001 Instrumentation Plan – General

Numbering System

Process Description/Data Collection Principle:

The sensor nomenclature system for structural testing and monitoring to be used in all reports and communications follows. Types of sensors include:

• Strain (foil gages and transducers)

• Displacement transducers (deflectometers, potentiometers, and LVDTs)

• Temperature (Thermocouples or thermistors)

• Vibration Sensors (Accelerometers and Velocity Transducers)

• Rotation (tiltmeter)

Figure 55. Photo. Deflectometer.

On-site Equipment:

N/A

Data Collection Method:

The sensor nomenclature is a two-part naming scheme. The first designates the sensor type and orientation, and the second gives the sensor location. A sensor symbol and number are the only designations to be used on the instrumentation plans (plan views, elevations, and sections showing instrument locations) for live load, and dynamic testing, and permanent instrumentation. A table with sensor nomenclature will uniquely link each sensor to all other information. The form of the nomenclature designation is to follow:

Protocol

Table 37. Sensor Nomenclature – Sensor Symbol, Number, Type, and Orientation Sensor Symbol /

Category Sensor # Sensor Type Options Sensor orientation

S = Strain 1,2,3,…

R = resistance V = vibrating wire

F = fiber optic

M= MEMS

L = longitudinal (x) T = transverse (y)

V = vertical (z)

D = Displacement 1,2,3,… D = deflectometer

P = string potentiometer

L = LVDT

L = longitudinal (x) T = transverse (y)

V = vertical (z)

V = Velocity 1,2,3,… S = Spring-Mass P = Piezoelectric

L = longitudinal (x) T = transverse (y)

V = vertical (z)

A = Acceleration 1,2,3...

S = Spring-Mass P = Piezoelectric

M = MEMS

F = fiber optic

L = longitudinal (x) T = transverse (y)

V = vertical (z)

R = Rotation 1,2,3,… V = vibrating wire tiltmeter

M = MEMS tiltmeter F = fiber optic

L = about longitudinal (x) axis T = about transverse (y) axis

T = Temperature 1,2,3,…

C = thermocouple T = Thermistor F = fiber optic

V = vibrating wire

N = none

C = Camera 1,2,3,... L = Live Video Feed S = Snapshot N = none

E = Environmental 1,2,3,...

W = Wind Speed D = Wind Direction

H = Relative Humidity M = Concrete Moisture

Content A = Ambient Air Temperature

P = Precipitation C = Corrosion Sensor

N = None

Table 38. Nomenclature for Sensor Location

X Longitudinal Distance (ft) or Fraction of Span and Span

Number

Y Transverse

Distance (ft) or Girder #

Z Vertical Location (in) or Location on Cross-section Fraction of Span Span Number BF, TF, BD, TD, web

0.00 thru 1.00 S1 = span 1

S2 = span 2 S3 = span 3

G1 = girder 1 G2 = girder 2 G3 = girder 3

BF = Bottom Flange TF = Top Flange BD = Bottom of Deck TD = Top of Deck W = web

Examples S4-RL-40S1-G2-BF designates a:

• Strain Sensor

• Sensor number 4 from testing plan drawings

• Resistance Type

• Longitudinal Strain

• Located at a distance of 40 % of the span 1 (S1) as measured in the direction of the bridge coordinate system

• Located on the second girder (G2) as measured in the direction of the bridge coordinate system

• Located on the girder Bottom Flange

D23-LV-25S5-17.3-BD designates a:

• Displacement Sensor

• Sensor number 23 from testing plan drawings

• LVDT Type

• Vertical Displacement

• Located at a distance 25 % of the span 5 (S5) as measured in the direction of the bridge coordinate system (Protocol PRE001)

• Located at a transverse distance of 17.3 feet from the edge of the bridge (Y distance) as measured in the direction of the bridge coordinate system (Protocol PREP001)

• The displacement is measured from the Bottom of the Deck.

V5-SV-50S1-G5-TD designates a:

• Velocity Sensor

• Sensor number 5 from testing plan drawings

• Spring Mass

• Oriented in the Vertical Direction

• Located at a distance 50 % (midspan) of the span 1 (S1) (could also be a single span bridge) as measured in the direction of the bridge coordinate system (Protocol PREP001)

• Located at Girder number 5. Girders numbered starting at number 1 in the direction corresponding to the bridge coordinate system (Protocol PREP001).

• The acceleration is measured from the Top of the Deck.

Criteria for Data Validation:

N/A

Next Process:

IP001 Instrumentation Plan - General

Data