3-Div 02.pdf

02010-1

DIVISION 02 – SITEWORK

SECTION 02010 – SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. Limitations of Subsurface Information Indicated on Drawings:

1. Certain information regarding the reputed presence, size, character and location of existing underground structures, pipe and conduits has been indicated on the Drawings for the benefit of the Owner. There is no certainty of the accuracy of this information, and the location of underground structures indicated may be inaccurate and other obstructions than those indicated may be encountered.

2. The Contractor hereby distinctly agrees that neither the Owner nor the

Engineer is responsible for the correctness or sufficiency of the information given:

a. That in no event is this information to be considered as a part of the Contract;

b. That he shall have no claim for delay or extra compensation or damage against the Owner or the Engineer on account of incorrectness of information given; or on account of the insufficiency or absence of information regarding obstruction either revealed or not revealed by the Drawings; and

c. That he shall have no claim for relief from any obligation or responsibility under the Contract, in case the location, size or character of any pipe or other underground structure is not as indicated on the Drawings or in the case any pipe or other underground structure is encountered that is not indicated on the Drawings.

B. Digging Test Pits:

1. In locations where required by the Engineer, or indicated on the Drawings, dig test pits to determine the location and elevation of existing subsurface utility pipelines, cables or structures. Dig such test pits in the presence of an authorized representative of the owner of the subsurface utility pipelines, cables or structures. The Contractor is further advised that no excavation, pipe laying or other work is permitted at above referenced locations without the presence or approval of an authorized representative of the owner of the subsurface utility.

2. Digging test pits in locations required by the Engineer or indicated on the

Drawings will be classified as "Miscellaneous Unclassified Excavation and Refill.”

02010-2

3. Test pits or other miscellaneous excavation dug to obtain information on surface conditions or underground obstructions without written requirement of the Engineer will be at the Contractor's expense.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION

PART 3 – EXECUTION

NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION

END OF SECTION

02100-1

DIVISION 1 - SITEWORK

SECTION 02100 - CLEARING AND GRUBBING

PART 1 – GENERAL

A. The Work of this section includes, but is not limited to:

1. Clearing

2. Grubbing

3. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil

4. Debris disposal

B. Related Work Specified Elsewhere:

1. Excavation and Backfill – Section 02210

2. Resurfacing and Restoration – Section 02510

C. Definitions:

1. Clearing is defined as the removal of trees, brush, down timber, rotten wood, rubbish, any other vegetation and objectionable material at or above original ground elevation not designated to be saved. Clearing also includes removal of fences, walls, guard posts, guard rails, signs and other obstructions interfering with the proposed Work.

2. Grubbing is defined as the removal from below the surface of the natural ground of stumps, roots and stubs, brush, organic materials and debris.

1.02 JOB CONDITIONS

A. The Contractor may clear all obstructions within the permanent and construction rights-of-way except those specifically designated to be saved or restored on the Contract Drawings or Specifications. Right-of-way limits and obstructions specifically designated to be saved or restored will be marked by the Engineer.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Burning Permits:

1. Submit two copies of each on-site burning permit if such permits are required by local jurisdictional authorities.

B. Permits for Disposal of Debris:

1. Arrange for disposal of debris resulting from clearing and grubbing to locations outside the Owner’s right-of-way and obtain written agreements with the owners of the property where the debris will be deposited.

2. Submit two copies of the agreement with each property owner releasing the Owner from responsibility in connection with the disposal of the debris.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. Temporary Fencing:

1. Undamaged picket snow fence, 4’ high, formed of wooden slats, tightly woven with wire cable.

2. Soil-set fence posts, studded “T” type, 6’ high.

B. Tree Wound Dressing:

1. Antiseptic and waterproof, asphalt based.

02100-2

3.01 PREPARATION

A. Notify the Engineer at least 48 hours prior to beginning any clearing work.

B. Protect benchmarks, utilities, existing trees, shrubs and other landscape features designated for preservation with temporary fencing or barricades satisfactory to the Engineer. No material shall be stored or construction operation carried on within 4 feet of any tree to be saved or within the tree protection fence.

3.02 UTILITY RELOCATIONS

A. Inform all companies, individuals and others owning or controlling facilities or structures within the limits of the work which have to be relocated, adjusted or reconstructed in sufficient time for the utility to organize and perform such work in conjunction with or in advance of the Contractor’s operations.

B. Comply with the provisions of PA Act 287 of 1974 as amended by Act 187 of 1996.

3.03 CLEARING

A. Confine clearing to within the limits of the right-of-way or easement.

B. Fell trees in a manner that will avoid damage to trees, shrubs and other installations which are to be retained.

C. Where stumps are not required to be grubbed, flush-cut with ground elevation.

3.04 GRUBBING

A. Grub areas within the construction limits to remove roots and other objectionable material to a minimum depth of 8”.

B. Remove all stumps within the cleared areas unless otherwise authorized by the

Engineer.

3.05 STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING TOPSOIL

A. Strip topsoil to whatever depth it may occur from areas to be excavated, filled or graded and stockpile at a location approved by the Engineer for use in finish grading.

B. The topsoil is the property of the Owner and shall not be used as backfill or removed from the site.

3.06 DEBRIS DISPOSAL

A. Trees, logs, branches, brush, stumps and other debris resulting from clearing and grubbing operations shall become the property of the Contractor and shall be legally disposed of.

B. Do not deposit or bury on the site debris resulting from the clearing and grubbing work.

C. Debris may be burned on site if local ordinances allow open-air burning, if required permits are obtained, and if burning operations are conducted in compliance with local ordinances and regulations.

3.07 RESTORATION

A. Repair all injuries to bark, trunk, limbs and roots of remaining plants by properly dressing, cutting, tracing and painting, using approved arboricultural practices and materials.

02100-3

B. Replace trees, shrubs and plants designated to be saved which are permanently injured or die during the life of the Contract as a result of construction operations with like species acceptable to the Owner.

C. Remove protective fences, enclosures and guards upon the completion of the project.

D. Restore guard posts, guard rails, signs and other interferences to the condition equal to that existing before construction operations.

02210-01

DIVISION 2 – SITEWORK

SECTION 02210 - EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 SCOPE OF WORK

A. This section consists of all excavation and backfill activities involved in work under this contract.

1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Source Quality Control:

1. The Engineer/Owner Representative reserves the right to require advanced examination or testing according to methods referenced or by, other methods chosen.

a. If testing is required, the testing laboratory shall furnish both

Engineer/Owner Representative and Contractor two (2) copies of test result reports.

b. Above reports shall be considered as sufficient evidence of acceptance or rejection of the materials represented. The Engineer/Owner Representative reserves the right to accept certificates of approved quality materials from an approved source in lieu of laboratory testing, or to require both.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. American Society for Testing and Materials:

1. ASTM D 698; Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures.

2. ASTM D 1556; Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand Cone Method.

3. ASTM D 2321; Recommended Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe.

4. ASTM D 2922; Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

B. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PA DOT), Specifications Publication 408, and as supplemented:

1. PA DOT Section 703.2 Coarse Aggregate.

2. PA DOT Section 703.3 Select Granular Material (2RC)

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Test Reports:

1. Upon request from the Engineer/Owner Representative, submit laboratory aggregate test reports based on requirements stated in Source Quality Control.

02210-02

2. Compaction density test reports shall be based on method of density determination as specified in the above Reference Standards and/or the method as approved by the Engineer/Owner Representative.

B. Certificates: Submit certificate from aggregate supplier based on requirements stated in the Source Quality Control, when required by the Engineer/Owner Representative.

1.05 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Classification of Excavated Materials: No consideration will be given to the nature of materials encountered in structural excavating operations.

Therefore, as unclassified excavation, no additional payment will be made for difficulties occurring in excavating and handling of materials.

B. The Contractor shall perform this work only when weather and soil conditions are suitable for the performance of this work.

1. No frozen earth nor excessively wet materials shall be used for backfill.

2. Prior to use, moisten dry backfill not having sufficient moisture to obtain satisfactory placement or compaction.

C. Excavations shall be kept free from water at all times during the performance of work under this section. Water from the trenches shall be disposed of in such a manner that it doesn't cause injury or damage.

Dewatering shall be in compliance with Section 02550: Erosion and Sedimentation Control. Keep gutters, sewers, drains and ditches open at all times for surface drainage.

D. Protection: The Contractor shall assume all risks resulting from the presence or proximity of overhead or underground public utility and private lines, pipes, conduits and support for the previously mentioned. Also, damages and expenses for direct or indirect injury to structures, persons or property will solely be the Contractor's responsibility. The Contractor shall perform all work in conformance with PA Act 172 as amended (PA One Call).

E. Removal of Obstructions:

1. Remove, realign or change the direction of above or below ground utilities and their appurtenant supports, if such is required in the opinion of the Engineer/Owner Representative. Additional precautions concerning obstructions as follows:

a. Do not interfere with persons, firms, corporations or utilities employing protective measures, removing, changing or replacing their property or structures, but allow said persons, firms, corporations or utilities to take such measures as they may consider necessary or advisable under the circumstances.

b. Break through and reconstruct if necessary, the invert or arch of any sewer, culvert. or conduit that may be encountered if the structure is in such a position, in the judgment of the Engineer/Owner Representative, as not to require its removal, realignment or complete reconstruction.

02210-03

F. Explosives and Blasting: Use and store explosives in accordance with requirements of Federal, State and local laws, rules, regulations, precautions, orders and decrees. Additionally comply with the following:

1. Do not use methods of blasting which will result in breakage beyond work areas or which is dangerous to the public or destructive to property.

2. The Contractor is solely responsible for injury to persons or property as a result of his use of explosives.

3. Notify utility and property owners prior to blasting.

4. Provide competent, licensed blaster to supervise blasting. There is no additional compensation provided for the use of blasting operations.

G. Excess Materials:

1. It is the Contractor's responsibility to dispose of excess backfill material should the property owner not want the material left on his premises.

2. No right of property in materials is granted to the Contractor of excavated materials prior to backfilling. This does not relieve the Contractor of his/her responsibility of disposing of material described above.

H. Accommodation of Traffic: Do not obstruct streets, roads and highways, unless the Municipality or Governing Agency authorizes in writing the complete closing of the street, road or highway. Employ such measures as may be necessary to keep the street, road or highway open and safe for traffic. Maintain a straight and continuous passageway on sidewalks and over crosswalks, at least three (3) feet wide and free from obstructions. DO

NOT OBSTRUCT FIRE HYDRANTS.

1. At the shutdown of work at the end of the day all streets shall be left in such condition whereby they can be readily opened and safely traveled in cases of emergency such as fire or for ambulance service.

I. Structure Supports: Where passing buildings or any structure which by their construction or position might bring a great pressure upon the trenches, the right is reserved by the Engineer/Owner Representative to require that such buildings or structures be underpinned or supported and protected, or special sheeting be driven or that short lengths of trench be opened at one time.

J. Removal of Rock by Means Other Than Blasting: Where removal of rock by means other than blasting is required, in accordance with requirements of State and local laws, rules and regulations, and utility owner requirements, remove by the use of mechanical surface impact equipment, or by drilling and hydraulic rock splitting equipment, or by other methods acceptable to the Engineer/Owner Representative.

K. Borrow Material: When the requirement quantity of backfill material exceeds the quantity of suitable on site material, provide borrow material. If borrow material is needed, notify the Engineer/Owner Representative sufficiently in advance to permit the Engineer/Owner Representative to verify such need and to view the proposed borrow pit to determine the material suitability.

Borrow excavation will be subject to the Engineer/Owner Representative's

02210-04 approval whose written consent shall be obtained prior to its use. Off-site borrow areas shall also comply with Title 25, Chapter 102, related to erosion control plans.

L. Stream Crossings: Excavate trenches in stream crossings to the depth shown on the Drawings, required by the stream crossing permit or otherwise required by the Engineer.

1. Material excavated may be used as backfill unless specifically prohibited by any state agency having jurisdiction.

2. Make all necessary provisions for cofferdaming, dewatering and removal of excess excavated material.

3. Maintain the flow in the stream at all times.

4. Where rock is encountered in the stream crossings, do not use forms to construct the concrete encasement; place concrete on firm rock below the pipe and against firm rock on both sides of the pipe to provide a firm bond between the encasement and the rock. Should the Contractor excavate beyond the dimensions specified herein before for concrete encasement he will be required to furnish and place all additional concrete required beyond the dimensions shown on the Drawings at his own expense and no separate or additional compensation will be paid therefore.

5. Construct stream crossing in accordance with additional requirements specified in Section 02550 - Erosion & Sedimentation Control.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIAL

A. Backfill: On site excavated soil or soil-rock mixed materials free of topsoil, plant life, lumber, metal, refuse and rock or similar hard objects larger than six inches in any dimension. Rock to soil ratio shall not exceed one part rock to three parts soil.

B. Clean Earth Backfill: On site excavated material free of plant life, lumber, metal, refuse and rocks or similar hard objects larger than one inch in any dimension. Rock to soil ratio shall not exceed one part rock to three parts soil. Suitable retained material shall be considered in this category.

C. Aggregate Backfill: Select Granular Material (2RC) conforming to PA DOT Section 703.3.

D. 2A Aggregate Backfill: Coarse Aggregate conforming to PA DOT Section 703.2.

E. Pipe Bedding:

1. First Class Bedding: Coarse Aggregate conforming to PA DOT

Section 703.2.

a. For piping having a diameter of 21-inch and less use

AASHTO NO. 8 Coarse Aggregate.

b. For piping having a diameter of 24-inch and larger use

AASHTO No. 57 Coarse Aggregate.

2. Initial Backfill: Same as First Class Bedding.

02210-05

F. Concrete Cradle and Encasement: Per requirements of Cast-In-Place Concrete and of the following class:

1. Class B: 3000 psi.

G. Underground Warning Tape:

1. Printed polyethylene tape, 3-inches minimum width, color coded, one-inch minimum lettering, printed with name of utility buried below and suitable for installation in all types of soil.

H. Foundation Backfill: AASHTO No. 3 Coarse Aggregate conforming to PA DOT Section 703.2.

3.01 PREPARATION

A. Excavation:

Excavation shall be accomplished as specified above. The Engineer and Owner reserve the right to limit the length that a trench may be opened in advance of the pipe laid. No trench shall be opened more than 200 feet in advance of the pipe lines laid, without the permission of the Engineer.

Where a rock excavation is encountered, all trenches must be fully opened at least 30 feet in advance of any pipe being laid.

B. Preparation of Surfaces:

1. Do not remove trees in rights-of-ways except by authorization of the

Engineer/Owner Representative.

2. Perform authorized tree removal, including stumps and debris, by methods meeting the Engineer/Owner Representative's approval.

3. Perform authorized shrubbery removal, store shrubs in protected manner and replant or replace such shrubbery.

4. Trim merchantable timber of limbs and tops, and unless otherwise directed by the Engineer/Owner Representative, saw timber into eight (8) foot sections. Stock-pile timber at locations designated by the Owner Representative. Merchantable timber is timber larger than six (6) inches in smallest diameter from which saw logs, pulpwood, posts, poles, ties or cordwood can be produced.

3.02 PERFORMANCE

A. Sheeting and Shoring: Perform Sheeting and Shoring in accordance with these Specifications or applicable state or federal laws.

B. Erosion and Sedimentation Control: Perform Erosion and Sedimentation

Control in accordance with Section 02550 of these Specifications.

C. Excavating: Perform excavation and backfilling using machinery except that hand excavation and backfilling may be required where necessary to protect existing structures, utilities or private or public properties.

1. Begin excavation in trenches at the control point having the lower invert and proceed upgrade.

2. Remove rock to subgrade at least thirty (30) feet in advance of pipe laying.

02210-06

D. Excavated Materials Storage: In areas where working space is limited, remove the excavated materials from the first 100-feet of any opening, when required by the Engineer/Owner Representative, as soon as such is excavated; store and return same for backfilling where required, at no expense to the Municipality. In no case will the Contractor be allowed to cast excavated material beyond the curb or right-of-way line or sidewalk or lawn.

E. Do not perform trenching, backfilling or compacting when weather conditions or the condition of materials are such, in the opinion of the Engineer, that work cannot be performed satisfactorily.

F. Do not use frozen materials as backfill material not having sufficient moisture to obtain satisfactory placement or compaction.

G. Prior to use, moisten dry backfill material not having sufficient moisture to obtain satisfactory placement or compaction.

H. Plan work so as to provide adequate protection during storms with provisions available at all time for preventing flood damage. Protect installed piping and other work at all times against damage from uplift due to high ground water levels.

I. Accommodation of Drainage: Keep gutters, sewers, drains and ditches open at all times for surface drainage. No damming or ponding or water in gutters or other waterways will be permitted, except where stream crossings are necessary and then only to an extent which the Engineer shall consider necessary. Do not direct water flows across or over pavements except through approved pipes or properly constructed troughs.

When so required, provide pipes or troughs of such sizes and lengths as may be required, and place the same as required at no expense to the Owner. Perform grading in the vicinity of trenches so that the ground surface is properly pitched to prevent water running into the trenches.

J. Pumping: Keep excavation free from water at all times during the performance of the work under this Contract at no expense to the Owner.

Build dams and other devices necessary for this purpose, and provide and operate pumps of sufficient capacity for dewatering the excavations.

Provide for the disposal of the water removed from excavations in such manner as not to cause injury to the public health, to public or private property, to the work of others, to any portion of the work completed or in progress or produce an impediment to the use of streets, roads and highways. When it is necessary to haul soft or wet soil material over roadways, use suitably tight vehicles to prevent spillage. Clear away spillage of materials on roadways caused by hauling.

K. Provide effective dust control by sprinkling water, use of calcium chloride or any other method approved by Engineer. Employ dust control when, where and in a manner required by Engineer.

L. Temporary Protective Construction:

1. Temporary Fence Barricade: Erect and maintain substantial temporary fences surrounding excavation to prevent unauthorized persons entering such areas.

2. Temporary Fence: Where necessary, to keep one side of streets or roadway free from obstruction or to keep material piled along side of

02210-07 the trench from falling on private property outside the right-of-way, erect and maintain a safe and substantial fence.

3. Barricades: Furnish and erect substantial barricades at crossings of trenches, or along trenches, to protect the traveling public.

4. Excavation Covers: Cover open excavation when work therein is suspended or left unattended, such as at the end of a work day. For such covers, use materials of sufficient strength and weight to prevent their removal by unauthorized persons.

5. Remove temporary protective construction at the completion of work on the Project.

N. Accommodation of Traffic: Do not obstruct streets, roads and highways, unless the Owner authorizes in writing the complete closing of the street, road or highway, employ such measures at no expense to the Owner as may be necessary to keep the street, road or highway open and safe for traffic. Maintain a straight and continuous passageway on sidewalks and over crosswalks, at least three feet wide and free from obstructions. DO

NOT OBSTRUCT FIRE HYDRANTS.

O. Explosives and Blasting: No additional compensation will be provided for the use of blasting operations. Use and store explosives in accordance with requirements of Federal, State and local laws, rules, regulations, precautions, orders and decrees. Permission to use explosives and blasting will be given on an individual case by case basis as determined by the municipality or property owner having jurisdiction of each right-of-way.

Additionally comply with the following:

1. Do not use methods of blasting which will result in breakage beyond trenching areas or which is dangerous to the public or destructive to property.

2. The Contractor is solely responsible for injury to persons or property as a result of his use of explosives.

3. Schedule blasting in the proximity of proposed new concrete work prior to placement of concrete.

4. Notify utility owners having structures of other installations (if any) above or below ground in proximity to the trenching work prior to use of explosives. Such notice must be given sufficiently in advance to enable the utility owners to take such steps as they may deem necessary to protect their property from injury. Such notice shall not relieve the contractor of responsibility of damage resulting from his use of explosives. The right is reserved to direct that rock within five feet of pipe, conduit or other structures encountered in the trench be removed by methods other than blasting.

5. Provide competent, licensed blaster to supervise blasting.

6. Cease blasting operations when street paving adjacent to trench is damaged. Repair damaged street paving.

P. Removal of Rock by Means Other Than Blasting: Where removal of rock by means other than blasting is required, in accordance with the requirements of State and local laws, rules and regulations, and utility owner requirements, remove by the use of mechanical surface impact equipment, or by drilling and hydraulic rock splitting equipment, or by other methods.

Q. Trench Width and Depth:

02210-08

1. Trench widths shall be such to provide a free working space on each side of the pipe as laid, but shall not exceed the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe plus sixteen inches at a point one foot above the top of the pipe. The maximum trench width at top of trench shall be limited to the pipe diameter plus 40"

2. Trench Depth: Excavate the trench to a minimum of four (4) inches or one-fourth of the internal pipe diameter, whichever is greater, below the invert of the pipe. The trench depth shall be adequate so that the pipe will have a minimum of four (4) feet of cover over the top of the pipe.

R. Additional Excavation: Do not excavate below depths indicated or specified except where unstable or unsuitable material is encountered at subgrade.

Excavate such material to the increased depth as may be required by the Engineer/Owner Representative and refill to the proposed subgrade with thoroughly compacted Foundation Backfill material.

S. Backfilling: Perform trench backfilling and backfilling excavations for other in line structures by methods which will result in thorough compaction of backfilled material without displacement of the grade and alignment of the pipeline and its appurtenances and minimum settlement of backfilled material. Displacement of the pipeline and settlement of backfill shall be considered evidence of improper workmanship or inclusion of unsuitable backfill materials, or both, and will require regrading and realigning the pipeline and removing and recompacting settled material.

1. Backfill compaction testing is required in both State and Township roads a minimum of one test per lift daily for openings less than or equal to 500 total feet in pavement, shoulder or sidewalk. The compaction test method must be performed consistent with PennDOT publications and on the condition that the Contractor provide the completed CS-6 (Pipe Installation Inspection Form) and accompanying TR-478 and/or TR-4276 forms within two weeks of the completion of the work represented on the form.

2. All backfill material shall be free from cinders, ashes, refuse, vegetable or organic material, boulders, rocks or stones, frozen soil, or other unsuitable material.

2. Perform final embedment of trench in accordance with these Specifications. The initial backfill/embedment shall be placed in 4-inch layers to a point of a minimum of 12 inches above the top of the pipe.

3. Following final embedment fill remainder of trench with materials as specified below. Exercise care to carry backfill up evenly on opposite sides of piping.

a)Paved Areas: Aggregate backfill (2RC) compacted in (6-8) inch layers to the top of the subgrade. From 1 foot above the top of the pipe to the subgrade of the pavement, material containing stones up to 8 inches in their greatest dimension may be used, unless otherwise specified.

b)Unpaved Areas: Backfill compacted in six inch layers to bottom of topsoil. Replace topsoil to approximate depth of

02210-09 existing final refill operation and crown to such a height as directed by the Engineer/Owner Representative. From 1 foot above the top of the pipe to the subgrade of the pavement, material containing stones up to 8 inches in their greatest dimension may be used, unless otherwise specified.

T. Earth Dams (for sanitary sewers): In first class bedding installation, construct earth dams composed of clean earth backfill material.

1. Location: At a point not less than (3) feet upstream from inline structure; in trenches for service connections at a point not less than three (3) feet from the main sewer trench; in main sewer trenches at 100 foot intervals; and trenches at such other locations required by the Engineer/Owner Representative.

2. Place clean earth backfill material from subgrade to one (1) foot depth over top of pipe. Length shall be as shown on the Earth Dam Drawing Detail.

3. Place earth dam material by hand and compact with proper tools designed for such purpose.

02485-1

DIVISION 2 – SITE WORK

SECTION 02485 - FINISH GRADING AND SEEDING

A. The work of this section includes, but is not limited to:

1. Placing topsoil

2. Soil conditioning

3. Finish grading

4. Seeding

5. Maintenance

B. Restore unpaved surfaces to a condition similar to that prior to excavation as specified and indicated on the Drawings.

C. The "Seeding Restoration Tables" at the end of this section list specific seeding restoration requirements. Refer to Drawings and Special Conditions for seeding restoration requirements at each specific location of Work.

1.02 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Reference Standards:

1. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Publication 408 Specifications.

2. Pennsylvania Seed Act of 1965, Act 187, as amended.

3. Agricultural Liming Materials Act of 1978, P.L. 15, No. 9 (3P.S. 132-1), as amended.

4. Pennsylvania Soil Conditioner and Plant Growth Substance Law, Act of

December 1, 1977, P.L. 258, No. 86 (3P.S. 68.2), as amended.

5. Rules for Testing Seeds of the Association of Official Seed Analysts.

1.03 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Seed:

1. Deliver seed fully tagged and in separate packages according to species or seed mix. Seed which has become wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged in transit or storage will not be accepted.

2.01 TOPSOIL

A. Having a pH of between 6.0 and 7.0; containing not less than 2% nor more than

10% organic matter as determined by AASHTO T194.

B. Fertile friable loam, sand loam, or clay loam which will hold a ball when squeezed with the hand, but which will crumble shortly after being released.

02485-2

C. Free of clods, grass, roots, or other debris harmful to plant growth.

D. Free of pests, pest larvae, and matter toxic to plants.

2.02 FERTILIZER

A. Basic Dry Formulation Fertilizer:

1. Analysis 0-20-20 and as defined by the Pennsylvania Soil Conditioner and Plant Growth Substance Law.

B. Starter Fertilizer:

1. Analysis 10-5-5 or 12-6-6 and as defined by the Pennsylvania Soil Conditioner and Plant Growth Substance Law.

2.03 LIME

A. Raw ground limestone conforming to Section 804.2(a), Publication 408

Specifications.

2.04 SEED

A. Fresh, clean, dated material from the last available crop and within the date period specified, with a date of test not more than 9 months prior to the date of sowing. Percentage of pure seed present shall represent freedom from inert matter and from other seeds distinguishable by their appearance. All seeds will be subject to analysis and testing.

TABLE 1 - GRASS AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS

SPECIES

MINIMUM

GUARANTEED PURITY

(PERCENT)

MAXIMUM WEED SEED

MINIMUM

GUARANTEED

GERMINATION

Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Domestic origin; min. 21

lb. per bushel

0.20

Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne, var. Pennfine)

0.15

Kentucky 31 Fescue (Festuca elatior arundinacea)

0.25

Crownvetch (Coronilla varia, var. Penngift)

0.10

Pennlawn Red Fescue (Festuca rubra, var. Penlawn)

Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

0.15

Timothy (Phleum pratense)

2.05 SEED MIXTURES

02485-3

A. See "Seeding Restoration Table" at end of this Section.

2.06 INOCULANT

A. Inoculate leguminous seed before seeding with nitrogen fixing bacteria culture prepared specifically for the species.

B. Do not use inoculant later than the date indicated by the manufacturer.

C. Protect inoculated seed from prolonged exposure to sunlight prior to sowing.

D. Reinoculate seed not sown within 24 hours following initial inoculation.

2.07 MULCHING MATERIALS

A. Mulches for seeded area shall be one, or a combination of, the following:

1. Hay:

a. Cured to less than 20% moisture content by weight.

b. Contain no stems of tobacco, soybeans, or other coarse or woody material.

c. Timothy hay or mixed clover and timothy hay.

2. Straw:

a. Cured to less than 20% moisture content by weight.

b. Contain no stems of tobacco, soybeans, or other coarse or woody material.

c. Wheat or oat straw.

3. Wood Cellulose:

a. No growth or germination inhibiting substances.

b. Green, air dried. Packages not exceeding 100 pounds.

c. Requirements:

Moisture Content: 12% + 3% Organic Matter: 98.6%+0.2%on the oven dry basis.

Ash content: 1.4% + 0.2% Minimum Water-Holding Capacity: 1,000%

4. Mushroom Manure:

a. Organic origin, free of foreign material larger than 2" and substances toxic to plant growth.

b. Organic Matter: 20% minimum.

c. Water-Holding Capacity: 120% minimum.

d. pH: 6.0.

02485-4

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 TIME OF OPERATIONS

A. Spring Seeding:

1. Preliminary operations for seed bed preparation may commence as soon after February 15 as ground conditions permit.

B. Fall Seeding:

1. Preliminary operations for seed bed preparation may commence after July 15.

3.02 PREPARATION OF SUBGRADE

A. "Hard Pan" or heavy shale:

1. Plow to a minimum depth of 6".

2. Loosen and grade by harrowing, discing, or dragging.

3. Handrake subgrade. Remove stones over 2" in diameter and other debris.

B. Loose loam, sandy loam, or light clay:

1. Loosen and grade by harrowing, discing, or dragging.

2. Handrake subgrade. Remove rocks over 2" in diameter and other debris.

3.03 PLACING TOPSOIL

A. Replace topsoil and spread over the prepared subgrade to obtain the required depth and grade elevation. Final compacted thickness of topsoil not less than 3- 1/2".

B. Handrake topsoil and remove all materials unsuitable or harmful to plant growth.

C. Do not place topsoil when the subgrade is frozen, excessively wet, or extremely dry.

D. Do not handle topsoil when frozen or muddy.

3.04 TILLAGE

A. After seed bed areas have been brought to proper compacted elevation, thoroughly loosen to a minimum depth of 5" by discing, harrowing, or other approved methods. Do not work topsoiled areas when frozen or excessively wet.

B. Liming:

1. Distribute limestone uniformly at a rate of 100 pounds per 1,000 square feet.

2. Thoroughly incorporate into the topsoil to a minimum depth of 4".

3. Incorporate as a part of the tillage operation.

C. Basic Fertilizer:

02485-5

1. Distribute basic fertilizer uniformly at a rate of 50 pounds per 1,000 square feet.

2. Incorporate into soil to depth of 4" by approved methods.

3. Incorporate as part of tillage operation.

D. Liming and Fertilizer rates may be decreased if lesser rates are indicated by soil tests provided by the Contractor.

3.05 FINISH GRADING

A. Remove unsuitable material larger than 2" in any dimension.

B. Uniformly grade surface to the required contours without the formation of water pockets.

C. Rework areas which puddle by the addition of topsoil and fertilizer. Rerake.

D. Distribute starter fertilizer at the following rates:

10-5-5: 50 pounds per 1,000 square feet.

12-6-6: 33 pounds per 1,000 square feet.

E. Incorporate starter fertilizer into the upper 1" of soil.

3.06 SEEDING

A. Uniformly sow specified seed mix by use of approved hydraulic seeder, power-drawn drill, power operated seeder, or hand-operated seeder or by hand. Do not seed when winds are over 15 mph.

B. Upon completion of sowing, cover seed to an average depth of 1/4" by hand reraking or approved mechanical methods.

3.07 MULCHING

A. Mulch within 48 hours of seeding.

B. Place hay and straw mulch in a continuous blanket at a minimum rate of 1,200 pounds per 1,000 square yards.

1. Anchor hay or straw mulch by use of twine, stakes, wire staples, paper, or plastic nets.

2. Emulsified asphalt may be used for anchorage provided it is applied uniformly at a rate not less than 31 gallons per 1,000 square yards.

3. Apply approved chemical mulch binders at the manufacturer's recommended rate.

C. Chemical mulch binders or a light covering of topsoil may be used for anchorage when the size of the area precludes the use of mechanical equipment.

02485-6

D. Apply wood cellulose fiber hydraulically at a rate of 320 pounds per 1,000 square yards.

1. Incorporate as an integral part of the slurry after seed and soil supplements have been thoroughly mixed.

E. Spread mushroom manure uniformly to a minimum depth of 1/2" or to the depth indicated on drawings.

F. When mulch is applied to grass areas by blowing equipment, the use of cutters in the equipment will be permitted to the extent that a minimum of 95% of the mulch is 6" or more in length. For cut mulches applied by the blowing methods, achieve a loose depth in place of not less than 2".

G. When mulching by the asphalt mix method, apply the mulch by blowing. Spray the asphalt binder material into the mulch as it leaves the blower. Apply the binder to the mulch in the proportion of 1.5 to 2.0 gallons per 45 pounds of mulch.

1. Protect structures, pavements, curbs, and walls to prevent asphalt staining.

2. Erect warning signs and barricades at intervals of 50 feet or less along the perimeter of the mulched area.

3. Do not spray asphalt and chemical mulch binders onto any area within

100 feet of a stream or other body of water.

3.08 MAINTENANCE

A. Maintenance includes watering, weeding, cleanup, edging and repair of depressions, washouts or gullies.

02485-7

SEEDING RESTORATION TABLE

RESTORATION

CONDITION

TOPSOIL

LIME*

BASIC

FERTILIZER

STARTER FERTILIZER

SEED MIX & SOWING RATE

(% BY WEIGHT)

Temporary Cover (**)

N/A

100% Annual Ryegrass Sow 9# per 1,000 Sq Yds Mar thru May/Aug thru Sept

Roadside;

Non-mowed

Yes

100# per 1,000 Sq. Ft.

No

10-5-5 @ 50# per 1,000 Sq.

Ft. or

12-6-6 @ 33# per 1,000 Sq.

Ft.

80% Kentucky 31, Fescue 20% Pennlawn Red Rescue Sow 21# per 1,000 Sq. Yds

Roadside;

Mowed

12-6-6 @ 33# per 1,000 Sq.

50% Kentucky BlueGrass 30% Pennlawn Red Fescue 20% Perennial Ryegrass

Bank Areas

12-6-6 @ 33# per Sq. Ft.

45% Crownvetch 55% Annual Ryegrass Sow 9# per 1,000 Sq. Yds Anytime except Sept & Oct

Lawns

0-20-20 @ 50# per 1,000 Sq.

50% Kentucky Bluegrass 30% Pennlawn Red Fescue 20% Perennial Ryegrass

Open Fields;

Non-cultivated, Pasture

100% Timothy Sow 9# per 1,000 Sq. Yds.

Open Fields;

Cultivated

100% Annual Ryegrass Sow 9# per 1,000 Sq. Yds

Woods;

Sparse

100% Red Fescue Sow 36# per 1,000 Sq. Yds.

* Unless lesser rate indicated by soils tests.

** Unless otherwise specified in the Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan

Note: Refer to Drawings and Special Conditions for seeding restoration requirements at each specific location of Work.

02550-01

DIVISION 2 - SITEWORK

SECTION 02550 - EROSION, SEDIMENTATION AND CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 SCOPE OF WORK

A. The purpose of this Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan is to provide the

Contractor with general guidelines as well as specific techniques for minimizing erosion and sedimentation during and after construction of the project. During construction all attempts shall be made to minimize the potential for erosion and sedimentation problems. All work shall comply with the Project Plans and the permits that have been issued for this project.

A. Products used to control erosion and sedimentation are as follows. They will be used to temporarily control erosion, primarily at the sites where soil removed from the building location and trench is stored. They will also be used if protection is required at construction sites that cross small streams.

1. Silt Soxx shall be constructed of material that meets Filtrexx specifications. Compost to be taken from site where possible.

2. Posts for Silt Soxx shall be either wood with a minimum length of 27 inches.

3. Pumped Water Filter Bag should the occasion arise where water must be pumped from excavations in order for the work to continue.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

A. The Contractor shall adhere to the following requirements in an effort to control erosion and sedimentation.

1. The Contractor shall not disturb ground cover areas beyond those necessary to satisfactorily complete the required work.

2. All temporarily stockpiled fill at the site will be covered or otherwise stabilized to prevent erosion.

3. The following temporary methods to control erosion are to be followed:

a. Silt Soxx shall be constructed along the downslope of the work areas near the woods line to filter any silt laden runoff from the construction area. Place Silt Soxx around temporary stockpiled topsoil or other soil material. Construction details for Silt Soxx installations are included on the plans.

b. Temporary seeding shall be performed as outlined later in this section.

4. Permanent seeding shall be performed as outlined later in this section.

5. Where wind and dust erosion is a problem, the unstable surface shall be sprinkled, or a dust suppressor will be supplied. Prompt establishment of vegetative soil cover and placement of gravel in specified areas will minimize wind erosion and dust problems.

6. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring that sediment is not transported

02550-02 from the construction site.

7. Before any construction commences all erosion control measures and Silt

Soxx must be in place. They must remain in place and be maintained until the construction area can be permanently stabilized.

a. Silt Soxx shall be constructed along the downslope section of the construction area of the proposed building site. Maintain Silt Soxx by removing sediment when it reaches 1/2 the height of Soxx and returning the material to the site.

9. A rock construction entrance will be constructed at each staging area.

Maintain by returning displaced rock as necessary. Any sediment brought onto adjacent paved areas must be returned to site.

10. All disturbed vegetated areas shall receive temporary seeding.

Temporary seeding shall be as follows:

a. Apply (1) ton of lime per acre.

b. Apply 10-10-10 N, P205 and K20, respectively fertilizer at the rate of 600 lbs. per acre.

c. Place mixture of perennial ryegrass at the rate of 15 lbs. per acre and annual ryegrass at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre. This mixture may vary depending on seasonal conditions.

d. Mulch with straw or hay at the rate of (3) tons per acre.

12. Permanent stabilization shall be as follows:

a. Remove coarse fragments from surface and till top soiled areas to a depth of 3 inches (min.).

b. Seeding: Apply seed uniformly. When not using a hydro seeder, seed should be applied to a maximum depth of 1/4 inch on clayey soils and 1/2 inch on sandy soils. Seed mixture shall be a suitable combination of grasses suited for the type of soil and the desired conditions. All seed specifications such as purity, ready germ, total germ, etc., shall be in accordance with the Penn State Agronomy Guide. Seeded areas shall be protected by Mulching in accordance with PennDOT Publication 408. Liming and fertilizer shall be applied as required to obtain a uniform erosion resistant vegetative coverage. The following rates (per acre) represent an estimate of the required amount. The contractor may need to exceed or may be able to reduce the rate indicated.

(1) Three tons of lime per acre.

(2) 1000 lbs. per acre using 10 - 10 - 10.

c. Do not sow immediately following rain or when ground is too dry or during windy periods.

d. If areas are to remain disturbed from November I through March 1 (non-growing season), the contractor shall protect seed areas by seeding and mulching, sodding, or by placement of matting as necessary. This work shall be done in accordance with Penn DOT Publication 408.

13. Wastewater Collection Mains and Lines in Off-Street Rights-of-Way Including Collection System Adjacent to Streams:

The following are erosion control procedures and techniques to be employed when constructing sewers and/or water mains in off-street rights-of-way including those adjacent to streams:

02550-03

a. Where possible material excavated from trenches shall be cast on the high side of the trench to allow erosion runoff from the excavated material to be intercepted by the trench.

b. All material not replaced in the trenches shall be removed and disposed of promptly and in a manner that minimizes erosion.

Disposal sites where the material is stored shall be protected by sedimentation basins and/or silt fences. Where the material is spread, the material shall be stabilized with the appropriate ground cover.

c. All trench dewatering shall be to a properly constructed and maintained sedimentation area.

d. Excess material shall not be temporarily stored unless the Contractor can demonstrate that it is adequately protected from erosion and sedimentation. No stockpiling of soil material shall take place on asphalt.

14. Dewatering Sewer Line Trenches and Excavation Pits:

If the occasion should arise that excavations will need to be dewatered so that construction can resume and pumping is required one of the following methods, whichever is most applicable, shall be used:

a. Discharge over areas with extensive vegetation. Check for signs of soil removal over the discharge area. If so, discontinue pumping and construct a sediment trapping facility in accordance with the local County Conservation District standards and details.

b. Construct a straw bale sediment trap. Bales should be staked with two 2"X2"X3' wooden stakes or #6 reinforcing bars. Effluent from the sediment trap should be spread over a vegetated area.

c. Construct a temporary lagoon (silt holding basin) for pumping discharge or applying silt laden runoff. Allow for the following conditions:

(1) A detention time of approximately two hours.

(2) A two foot freeboard.

(3) Prevent short circuiting with the use of plywood baffles.

d. Discharge directly to the stream without a method of filtering silt will be prohibited.

15. Construction Sequence:

a. Notify the contractors, landowners, municipal office, plan preparer, PA One Call (800-242-1776), and the local County Conservation District (717-334-0636) a minimum of seven days prior to the anticipated start of earth moving activities for an on-site meeting.

b. Perform construction stake out and location of all underground utilities relative to and in the vicinity of the plant site.

c. Perform any clearing and grubbing of the site as necessary.

d. The contractor shall begin earth moving activities and construction as indicated on the plans. No earth disturbance will occur between the trench and stream in areas not associated with the stream crossing.

e. Excavate only as much line as can be completed in one day.

f. Only do as much work as can be done in one day so backfilling, final grading, seeding, and mulching can occur.

02550-04

g. Establish permanent stabilization and restoration of all disturbed areas.

h. Following establishment of permanent seeding to a point where minimum uniform 70% perennial vegetative cover has been established over the entire site. Notify the local County Conservation District a minimum of seven days prior to finishing construction.

16. Additional Sewer Main Installation Specifications

a. Limit advance clearing and grubbing operation to a distance equal to two times the length of pipe installation that can be completed that day.

b. Limit daily trench excavation to the length of pipe placement installation and backfilling that can be completed each day.

c. On the day following pipe placement and trench backfilling, the disturbed areas shall be graded to final contours and appropriate temporary erosion control measures installed. Seeding and mulching of all disturbed areas shall be done at the end of each week.

d. Place excavated material on upslope side of trench. All material not used in backfill shall be stockpiled and temporarily seeded.

17. Erosion Control Facilities Temporary Maintenance Schedule:

The contractor shall implement the following maintenance schedule at a minimum. Maintenance shall begin immediately following installation of the erosion and sediment control measures and shall be followed until the facility is removed in accordance with this plan:

Measure Schedule Description

Silt Soxx Daily & after all Inspect, remove sediment when Storm Events sediment accumulation reaches ½ height of fence (above ground).

Seeded/Mulched Weekly Inspect, replace any Areas materials necessary. Reseed as required.

Temporarily Weekly & After Inspect, Re-seed. Repair silt Stockpiled Soil all storm events fence if necessary. Remove sediment from silt fence at ½ height of fence.

02575-1

DIVISION 2 - SITE WORK

SECTION 02575 - PAVING AND RESURFACING

A. The Work of this section includes, but is not limited to:

1. Temporary Paving

2. Permanent Paving

3. Shoulder Restoration

B. Paving and resurfacing requirements for project roads are as indicated on the resurfacing schedules and miscellaneous details provided on the Standard Details sheets of the Contract Drawings.

C. Related work specified elsewhere:

1. Excavation and Backfill – Section 02210

2. Concrete for Utility Construction – Section 03300

A. Referenced Standards:

1. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation:

a. Publication 408 Specifications

b. Publication 27 - Specification for Bituminous Materials (Bulletin 27)

c. Publication 37 - Specification for Bituminous Materials (Bulletin 25)

d. Publication 203 - Work Zone Traffic Control (See Special

Conditions - Section 01570)

e. Chapter 459 - Occupation of…