2023-0109_PPIC_SG CDR_redacted.pdf

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PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY (PPPL)

PRINCETON PLASMA

INNOVATION CENTER

PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION

& CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

MEP ENGINEERING

LABORATORY PLANNING

SMITHGROUP

COST ESTIMATING

INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS INC

PROJECT TEAM

RENDERING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5

PROJECT SCHEDULE 9

PROCESS OVERVIEW

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 12

PROJECT GOALS AND VISION 15

DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING WORKSHOPS 16

PROGRAM SUMMARY

PROGRAM OVERVIEW 24

GUIDE PLATE “SQUINTY VIEW” 26

PROGRAM SPACE LISTS 28

SPACE CHARACTERISTICS / TYPOLOGY 54

SITE ANALYSIS

PROJECT SITE 58

CONCEPT

PERFECT DIAGRAM 66

BLOCKING AND STACKING 72

FLOOR PLAN 82

DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION 81

MATERIALITY 86

CONCEPTUAL NARRATIVES

ARCHITECTURAL 92

LAB PLANNING 102

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN 108

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 118

CODE INFORMATION AND LIFE SAFETY 120

STRUCTURAL 124

MECHANICAL 133

ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING DESIGN 136

LOW VOLTAGE / AV 144

COST OPINION 154

PLANNING UPDATES AND MISSION NEED ANALYSIS

MNA PRESENTATION 166

MASSING STUDIES 188

APPENDIX

PROGRAM STUDIES 194

MEETING MENUTES 204

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

solutions.” The needs of DOE come out of the needs of its program areas, which manage the core competencies for DOE. The program area that primarily governs the work at PPPL is Fusion Energy Science (FES) with

PPPL’s primary core competency relevant to DOE’s mission need as

“Plasma and Fusion Energy Sciences,” with secondary core capabilities of “Large Scale User Facilities / Advanced Instrumentation” and “Systems

Engineering and Integration.” In addition, there are two complimentary areas relevant to the work at PPPL, “Basic Energy Sciences” and “Advanced

Scientific Computing Research.”

In 2019, PPPL submitted a Mission Need Statement to SLI as part of the

CD-0 package outlining a multi-point objective to address areas of growth as well as capability gaps relating to DOE’s mission. The CD-0 identified four goals to expand on the existing capabilities to better meet the agency’s mission.

Goals:

n Advance science of magnetically confined plasma to be able to harness it as a sustainable energy source.

n Further material research for confined burning plasma study (boundary physics).

n Better understand the science behind high energy density/inertial confinement plasma physics to use to understand the cosmos, reinforce national security and leverage business opportunities.

n Increase understanding of basic plasma physics (burning and low-temp) to increase economic competitiveness and increase opportunities for applications particularly around microelectronics.

This is SmithGroup’s pre-conceptual investigation and conceptual design report for the new cutting-edge Princeton Plasma Innovation Center (PPIC).

The Center is to be part of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) located in Princeton, New Jersey. PPPL is a Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratory and as such is required to obtain funding from the

DOE’s Office of Science (SC) via the Science Laboratory Infrastructure

(SLI) program. Prior to SmithGroup’s engagement, PPPL made their initial funding request to the DOE through a Mission Need Statement (MNS) submitted as part of the initial Critical Decision (CD-0) application. This process demonstrates the laboratory’s growth potential and current capability gaps relating to the DOE’s mission need. It also ties into the subsequent CD-1 application, which established a cost range for the project as part of the original team’s Conceptual Design Report (CDR), which demonstrated how the PPIC project would close the budget gaps and better position the facility to meet the goals set forth by the Office of Science.

These packages, which were approved, funded the schematic design of the PPIC project. Since the initial funding of the project, the construction industry has seen substantial inflation. SmithGroup was engaged to vet the initial program and budget. This report covers the progress our team has made in evaluating the initial program against the projected rate of inflation and identifies how to reconcile the two to enable schematic design to proceed.

Mission Need Statement:

As a DOE facility, the activities at PPPL tie directly to the mission of DOE and its six program areas. The official DOE mission is “to ensure America’s security and prosperity by addressing its energy, environmental and nuclear challenges through transformative science and technology

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These goals were paired with the requirements needed to meet them to ensure future capabilities including:

n Enhanced collaboration facilities to support remote international work (supports goal 1) n Leveraging high-performance computing to visualize and understand results of simulations (supports goal 1) n Space for the study and operation of boundary physics and its devices (supports goal 2) n Space for developing diagnostic tools at scale (to supports goals 1 and 3) n Space to support microelectronics including a controlled, stable environment, adequate utilities and space (supports goal 4)

In tandem with the goals and requirements, PPPL delineated three major capability gaps:

n Lack of adequate lab infrastructure – utilities and infrastructure needed, reconfigurable space needed, space for environmental stability n Lack of modern collaboration space – flexible, reconfigurable space needed to support international collaborations, co-locate personnel and programs n Lack of office infrastructure – needed for population growth, lab population currently exceeds capacity, need to co-locate personnel and programs

A new facility:

PPPL proposed the construction of the new PPIC facility to address the goals and capability gaps outlined in CD-0. The initial CD-0/1 estimated that a facility ranging between 77,500 gsf and 107,000 gsf would be needed to support these endeavors and would carry a median construction cost of and a total estimated cost ranging between

- . As a result of SmithGroup’s program analysis and industry inflation projections, the building is still targeting a base construction budget of reflecting the cost from PPPL’s approved request to the Office of Science in CD-0/1, this yields a facility of approximately

58,000 to 59,000 gross square feet. The revised PPIC program includes a mix of laboratory, office, and collaboration spaces to meet the minimum requirements of the MNS. As a cautionary measure, SmithGroup has identified a reduced threshold scenario at where the buildings will exclusively meet the minimum set forth in the MNS. Finally, Smithgroup has identified additional high priority laboratory space as part of a high-end option. This option is anticipated to yield a construction cost should additional funding become available.

The new PPIC facility will house various laboratory user groups including

Diagnostics, PS&T, Boundary Physics, Superconducting Magnet, Theory /

Computation, and Sustainability. The programmatic split is anticipated to be approximately 45% lab space, 25% offices, 25% collaboration space, and

5% support space. It will accommodate state-of-the-art laboratory facilities to further the Office of Science’s mission.

The National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U)

(PPPL)

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PROJECT SCHEDULE PROCESS

Workshop # 1 Workshop # 2 Workshop # 3 Workshop # 4

FINAL DELIVERABLE

DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMMING & SITE PLANING ACTIVITES

DISCOVER

UNDERSTAND

CONSENSUS

FINALIZE

EXPLORE

FORMULATE

REFINE

REALIZE

Princeton Plasma

Review

PROJECT SCHEDULE PROCESS

Kickoff

Peer Tours

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The PPIC project is slated to house a variety of users’ spaces including both labs and offices. To supplement these areas the program calls for a variety of collaboration and support spaces. This section describes the user groups that are slated to be housed in the PPIC building and their required functions and qualitative needs. The labs and offices of PPIC will typically support the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U), which is a flagship physics facility located on the PPPL campus. In addition to their work to support NSTX-U, the PPIC scientists will collaborate with other plasma physics facilities around the world including ITER in France and other major device operators such as DIII-D out of San Diego and JET in the United Kingdom. The NSTX-U’s space is heavily confined, leading to the need for additional laboratories and offices to analyze and prototype components for the experiment.

DIAGNOSTICS

PPIC will provide a new facility for the Diagnostics group to design, build, and modify instruments to be installed on the NSTX-U. The scientists and staff using this new building will benefit from modern and easily adaptable labs that can accommodate diverse power and exhaust needs, and be darkened to allow for easy navigation of experiments in low-light conditions. The labs for this group will need to accommodate laser usage.

Most of the projects in these spaces will be short term and last one to three months. This lab group works closely with PS&T.

BOUNDARY PHYSICS AND SURFACE SCIENCE (BPSS)

The BPSS team studies the interface of the plasma and the walls that contain it, looking at different ways to contain the plasma as well as what processes and reactions occur at the plasma boundary. Part of the lab’s work includes testing and injecting compounds into the plasma ring, and requires the use of and space for rail guns, powder droppers, and actuator arms. These projects are typically three to 20 years in duration and can involve a variety of light and sound levels, the loudest of which will be housed outside of PPIC.

PLASMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PS&T)

The PS&T department houses two user groups, the first of which is X-ray and the second being Quantum LPT and Microelectronics. The X-ray group measures the properties of light emitted from the plasma to assess its density, purity, and wavelengths. Some of the X-ray calibrations can be completed inside of the laboratory, while some calibrations need to be done remotely due to the radiation. This group has extensive overseas collaboration needs for the X-ray labs. The Quantum group, on the other hand, has slightly different needs and works in the growing area of sustainable material and chemical processes using high temperature plasma and applying it to industrial processes. They investigate different ways to generate plasma and its application in the production and modification of materials. This group requires spaces with controlled light, sound, and vibration criteria to various degrees.

SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

This department’s mission is two-fold: develop strategies to allow the

NSTX-U to work in longer bursts and with greater stability, and strengthen the local market by collaborating with outside users and providing access to PPPL’s high strength magnet. In doing this, they serve as a laboratory for the region, and accommodate a stream of non-PPPL traffic on site. As such, their main spaces in PPIC will be used to create magnets and prototypes as well as collaboration and testing areas.

SUSTAINABILITY

All the Sustainability department’s projects are interconnected and include the Princeton Collaborative Low Temperature Plasma Research Facility

(PCRF) and the Nano Particle Laboratory, which works in conjunction with

ExxonMobil. The PCRF lab, which is slated to be housed in PPIC, focuses on the characterization of low temperature plasma and the commercial applications of it, including the conversion of plastics and other materials into usable resources, and the interaction of plasma and substrates.

THEORY

PPPL’s Theory department strives to develop and further the understanding of the basic laws of physics needed to create fusion. The department has two main components: Theory and Computation. Their work helps predict how plasma experiments will perform by analyzing the plasma’s behavior within the confines of its magnetic enclosure. This unique department requires both quiet, independent work areas and collaborative spaces.

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PROJECT GOALS AND VISION

PRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

PROJECT GOALS AND VISION

This site is one of ten national laboratories overseen by the Office of Science (SC) and its focus relevant to the office is the development of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES). The main mandate of the new PPIC building is to meet the science need set forth to DOE. This is done through the points outlined in the CD-0.

The project is intended to be a gateway to the larger PPPL complex, which has not seen significant new building in a number of years. As a gateway the new building will need to tie into the existing Lyman Spitzer Building (LSB), which was designed in 1979 and houses offices and administrative spaces. Up to this point it has been the main hub and entrance of the PPPL campus.

As a DOE project, PPIC will be required to support Executive Order (EO) 14057. The project is also slated to meet LEED

BD+C Gold standards, should PPPL seek certification. The project also needs to meet the historical site requirements.

The Princeton Plasma Innovation Center (PPIC), addresses project goals and capability gaps identified in the MNS.

Briefly, these include:

n Flexible and adaptable lab space with environmental and stability conditions to support research growth and diversification.

n Modern collaboration and state-of-the-art visualization space.

n Modern offices that increases efficiency and connectivity.

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PROGRAMMING AND PLANNING PROCESS

SmithGroup approached the concept phase with three parallel tracks:

Program Verification, Budget Analysis, and Conceptual Design. We pursued the investigations simultaneously to determine the current extent of PPIC's needs. In the four workshops we went through iterations of these items to build consensus and incorporate feedback. During the workshops we had the opportunity to work with both senior leadership as well as the science user groups. The science user groups walked our team through the operations of their spaces and their aspirations for the future of PPIC.

The harmonizing of the variety of scales, types of research, and the global breadth of PPPL's facilities will be strong influences in the final design of the facility.

BUDGET

Our team initiated the process with a preliminary analysis of the budget and program from the previous conceptual design data. Extreme global escalation over the past couple of years indicated that the same 2020 budget would not be able to cover the same 2022 program. To assess the feasibility of the project, we worked with our team’s estimator to narrow down the program that could fit using the same budget and tried to project various scenarios of future escalation. This process, paired with changes in workspace usage during the pandemic, led us to work with PPPL and identify the mission critical functions and correlated area to dedicate to each programming need, while staying within the original budget.

PROGRAM VERIFICATION

To determine the mission critical spaces, we worked closely with PPPL and the science users. This enabled us to assess required areas, labs to accommodate new PPPL initiatives such as plasma sustainability, while also identifying legacy spaces, such as Metrology, which no longer hold the same program gravitas. SmithGroup also vetted the square footage requirements of the spaces with the user groups employing the tallies from the original program document as a baseline and then mapped them out in the form of Guide Plates showing the relative square footage requirements and function of each room. These Guide Plates allowed us to vet the features of the facility and the amount of area required, as well as the required height of the laboratory spaces.

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Pairing the Guide Plates with our preliminary site analysis, we developed a conceptual design to welcome users to the facility and express the attributes of PPIC as a world leader in plasma physics. As the program and budget varied, we created different design options to pair with the budget and program.

PRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING WORKSHOPS KICKOFF MEETING

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PROJECT VISION AND BRAINSTORMING

PROGRAMMING AND PLANNING WORKSHOPS

WORKSHOP 1

PROGRAM VALIDATION, PRIORITIZATION AND BUDGET

WORKSHOP 2

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WORKSHOP 3

SPACE CHARACTERISTICS/TYPOLOGY

WORKSHOP 4

THE “PERFECT DIAGRAM”

PROGRAM SUMMARY

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BASELINE PROGRAM

LMML

LMS

LMB

BASELINE PROGRAM SPACE TYPE DISTRIBUTION UPDATE

COLLABORATION

SUPPORT

LABORATORIES45%

24%

8% 8%

56%

36%

OFFICE

23%

� 93 TOTAL SEATS (OFFICE + WKSTN)

� ALL PRIORITY 1 SPACES INCLUDED

� 32K ASF / 58K GSF

PROGRAM OVERVIEW

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GUIDE PLATE “SQUINTY VIEW”

The “Squinty View” is a quick glance overview of the entire program. It provides a macro picture for the quantity of rooms and volume of space in a graphic illustration. The rooms are color coordinated by room type: blue for offices, light blue for open office workstations, purple for collaborative and interactive spaces, gold for lab rooms, orange for lab support rooms, and gray for building support rooms. These programmatic pieces then become the building blocks for the subsequent “Perfect Diagram” exercise, which associates desired adjacency between rooms and the sequence of how they are arranged as one circulates through the building.

COLOR CODES

SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

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DIAGNOSTICS - PROGRAM SPACES

COLOR CODES

DIAGNOSTICS

PROGRAM SPACE LISTS

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BOUNDARY PHYSICS / SURFACE SCIENCE - PROGRAM SPACES

BOUNDARY PHYSICS / SURFACE SCIENCE

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PS&T - PROGRAM SPACES

PS&T

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SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET - PROGRAM SPACES

COLOR CODES

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SUSTAINABILITY - PROGRAM SPACES

SUSTAINABILITY

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SCIENCE EDUCATION - PROGRAM SPACES

SCIENCE EDUCATION

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TECH SUPPORT - PROGRAM SPACES

TECH SUPPORT

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COLLABORATION - PROGRAM SPACES

COLLABORATION & SUPPORT

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COLLABORATION - PROGRAM SPACES

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SUPPORT - PROGRAM SPACES

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SUPPORT - PROGRAM SPACES

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OFFICE - PROGRAM SPACES

OFFICE

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OFFICE - PROGRAM SPACES

OFFICE

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SPACE TYPOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS + REQUIREMENTS

ELECTRICAL

STRUCTURAL

CASEWORK/EQUIP

PLUMBING

MECHANICAL

IT/SECURITY

ARCHITECTURAL

SIZE + HEIGHT + VIBRATION REQUIREMENTS

TEMPERATURE + RELATIVE HUMIDITY + FILTRATION + AIR CHANGES +

EQUIPMENT HEATLOAD + EXHAUST

WATER + CA + VACUUM + CYLINDERS + FIRE PROTECTION

POWER DENSITY & DISTRIBUTION + LIGHTING LEVELS

LAB BENCHING + FUME HOODS + LAB SINKS

DATA + STRUCTURED CABLING + CAMERAS + DOOR ACCESS

FINISHES + DOORS + NATURAL LIGHT

LABS

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As part of our process, SmithGroup worked with the user groups to determine the functional needs of the laboratories including height, power requirements, isolation requirements, and ventilation needs. From this information we generated a typology chart to track the different requirements and categorize the different spaces. The laboratories were originally broken out into high-bay and medium-bay, referring to the height of their ceilings. Throughout the pre-design process, only one lab emerged as truly requiring a high-bay space, the HEDLP lab. Similarly, the other labs that were slated as Priority 1 spaces all had the same requirements for house systems, with the exception of the electronics shop.

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PRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

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PROJECT SITE

SITE DRIVERS

This new facility will serve as a beacon for the PPPL complex. The site is off of US Highway 1 and approximately four miles from the Princeton’s Nassau

Hall and Cannon Green. The new building is located adjacent to the LSB building on the PPPL campus and fronts the main entrance axis. The site is constrained by Stellarator Road, the existing access road to the west and north, and the existing building complex to the east. The existing parking lot is to the south.

A portion of the existing PPPL facility will be demolished to accommodate the new building, allowing PPIC to dovetail into the existing LSB.

Site frontage facing the visitor parking to the west and staff parking to the south suggest that every facade will be an important contributor to the campus. With back of house functions generally to the south, the staff parking area is a natural location to develop service access. A number of existing doors to LSB face the PPIC site suggesting logical connection points.

The PPIC site is directly on axis with the security checkpoint, making it an ideal location for PPIC, and will define the first impression of the PPPL campus. Ample green space is available to pair with PPIC for terraces, rain gardens, geothermal wells, and other amenities/systems. The green spaces can be connected to a campus-wide pathway system encouraging the use of the wooded campus perimeter and other outdoor spaces.

The following principles established a basis for the project’s development:

n Creation of a gateway to the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory n Passive building strategies to maximize light and views, while minimizing solar gain and glare n Meeting mission need for a national laboratory n Flexible space n Connection between the interior and exterior n Showcase project for the site n Encourage cross collaboration n Promote a high level of sustainability - project slated to meet

LEED Gold

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SOLAR CONSIDERATIONS

PRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

EXISTING SITE AND VIEWS

SITE PLAN AND IMAGES

CAMPUS UNDERSTANDING

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

The grid of the PPPL campus is 15 degrees counterclockwise from true north. The peak solar gain risk for the building occurs with east and west exposures, particularly the low, end of day sun condition. During design, massing rotation and facade articulation will be optimized to address the solar conditions of the site.

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CONCEPTUAL SITE PLAN

PRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

SITE PLAN

PROJECT SITE

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The “Perfect Diagram" generated during the programming workshop is a fundamental part of the Programming Phase. With the participation of key stakeholders, the goal of the “Perfect Diagram” exercise is to create a road map that assists the Design Team in planning and designing the

Plasma Physics Innovation Center. The exercise is centered around a discussion regarding the elements of arrival, functional adjacency between research groups, connectivity, visibility, access, service and other critical planning criteria.

“PERFECT DIAGRAM”

PERFECT DIAGRAM . COLOR CODES

Perfect Diagram takeaways:

1. At the entrance: large seminar room, remote collaboration, a couple of laboratories, PCRF, sci ed

2. Lab’ville: some labs will have more of an affinity with loading, centralized stockroom

3. Office’ville: provide louder and quieter spaces

Blocking and Stacking:

1. To understand how spaces relate to each other and the existing building

2. Site drivers: first impression and the impression from the visitor lot

3. Sustainability

4. Orient the building east-west so that it gets good north-south light

5. See collaboration as you move into the building

6. Difference from the CDR is that the building is smaller by approximately 16,000 sf to 26,000 sf

7. Impacts the height of the building

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“PERFECT DIAGRAM”

FRONT DOOR

OFFICE + BUILDING SUPPORT

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TYPICAL RESEARCH FLOOR

LOADING DOCK + SUPPORT SPACE

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PROGRAM STACKING - BASELINE

GROUND FLOOR

STACKING DIAGRAM

OPTION 1A: DOUBLE LOADED ENTRY BAR - GROUND FLOOR

1 STORY LAB BLOCK FACILITATES

ANY HEIGHT

COURTYARD

COLLABORATION

FACING CAMPUS

ENTRANCE

VISITOR’S PARKING

ARRIVAL

VISITOR DROP OFF

ENTRY

ENTRY

CAFE

OPENS TO

OUTDOOR SPACE

OPENS TO

OUTDOOR SPACE

PROGRAM STACKING - BASELINE

2ND FLOOR

STACKING DIAGRAM

OPTION 1A: DOUBLE LOADED ENTRY BAR – 2ND FLOOR

COURTYARDCOLLABORATION

FACING CAMPUS

ENTRANCE

1 STORY LAB BLOCK

STAFF PARKING

VISITOR’S PARKING

ARRIVAL

VISITOR DROP OFF

ENTRY

ENTRY

CAFE

LSB

7574 smithgroup.comPRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

VARIATIONS

Orthogonal ‘U’ bars Orthogonal ‘U’ bars/ rotate office to parking Orthogonal ‘U’ bars/ rotate office 90°

Open ‘U’ Bars Open ‘U’ Bars, office orthogonal Open ‘U’ Bars, office E-W alignment

Massing Options:

A variety of options are shown and will be further explored. The base condition works with the grid of the campus, which every building on the campus follows.

Either the north collaboration bar or the 2nd floor office (or both) can be rotated towards the axis of the visitor parking and adjacent portion of

Stellarator Road. This rotation opens up the courtyard and creates a more welcoming/dynamic entry condition, intuitively signifying energy and hierarchy in the campus.

PROGRAM STACKING - BASELINE

3RD FLOOR / PENTHOUSE

STACKING DIAGRAM

OPTION 1A: DOUBLE LOADED ENTRY BAR – 2ND FLOOR

COURTYARDCOLLABORATION

FACING CAMPUS

ENTRANCE

1 STORY LAB BLOCK

STAFF PARKING

VISITOR’S PARKING

ARRIVAL

VISITOR DROP OFF

ENTRY

ENTRY

CAFE

LSB

MASSING OPTIONS

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MASSING OPTIONS

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MASSING OPTIONS

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MASSING OPTIONS

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FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR - SIMILAR FOR ROTATED GEOMETRY OPTIONS

COURTYARD

TERRACE/ GARDEN

ENTRY

ENTRY

ENTRY

LOADING

SERVICE CORRIDOR

DIAGRAMMATIC PLANS

OPTION 1A: U SCHEME

GROUND: 45,000 GSF

2ND: 13,000 GSF

TOTAL: 58,000 GSF

SERVICE YARD

PUBLIC

SECURE

CAFÉ COURTYARD

CAFÉ/ STA IR

NEIGHBORHOOD

VISITOR PARKING

ENTRANCE

STAFF PARKING

FLOOR PLAN

2ND FLOOR - SIMILAR FOR ROTATED GEOMETRY OPTIONS

DIAGRAMMATIC PLANS

OPTION 1A : U SCHEME

CAFÉ/ STA IR

GROUND: 45,000 GSF

2ND: 13,000 GSF

TOTAL: 58,000 GSF

QUI ET LOUD

VISIBLE

COLLABORATION

NEIGHBORHOODS

E-W LONG AXIS BARS ARE

IDEAL FOR OFFICE

DAYLIGHTING AND PASSIVE

SHADING

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DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION

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EXISTING MATERIALITY

The existing PPPL campus is characterized by simple, utilitarian structures. Buildings at the north house office and laboratory space and buildings to the south support specialized experimental equipment and instrumentation. The flagship entrance building, the

Lyman Spitzer Building, features precast concrete cladding and dark bronze tinted ribbon windows. The precast cladding is neutral-toned and divided into alternating flat and vertically ribbed horizontal bands.

Other campus-wide building materials include white and buff brick, stucco, and metal panel. Many buildings on campus house research equipment and have few if any windows. Very little tone/color is used on campus with the exception of the red glazed brick on the LSB west wing extension that will be demolished to make way for PPIC. The generally light tones of the campus architecture contrast well with the lush green campus lawn, which together with surface parking and concrete pathways fill in the balance of the campus.

8988 smithgroup.comPRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

PROPOSED MATERIALITY

PPIC has the opportunity to extend the neutral material palette of the campus and to activate it with greater transparency, use of luminous assemblies, and a greater emphasis on high-performance systems and low embodied carbon. As sunlight is an experienced example of plasma fusion at work, selected materials can transmit, reflect, or somehow activate light, even by producing shadow as a passive energy reduction means. Color can be incorporated into the design to further activate and humanize the spaces. CLT wood and strategic use of graphic color may be used to reinforce PPIC as a central campus hub. Transparency can be used to express activity and to socially connect spaces to each other and to the outdoors.

Materials may include:

High performance glass curtainwall

Stainless steel cladding

Channel glass

ETFE

CLT/Mass timber wood

Ribbed/perforated metal panels

The following projects are internal and external to SmithGroup and shown for materiality:

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THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK NARRATIVES

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ARCHITECTURAL

The Princeton Plasma Innovation Center (PPIC) will be a combination of laboratories, offices, and a variety of collaboration space types for the

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. PPIC will occupy a prominent location at the entrance of the PPPL campus, complementing the overall campus grid structure, while introducing a welcoming public face for both visitors and staff.

The essential layout of PPIC consists of bars arranged in a U-shaped plan. The base of the U connects to the LSB building, while its open space faces west to frame two new campus greens that invite visitors. The dominant east-west orientation supports optimal north-south exposure for daylighting and shading, opening the long facades for natural ventilation and visual connection with the outdoor spaces.

PPIC’s four bars each support a different key function: collaboration, connection, laboratories, and offices. The northern arm of the U consists of the public entry and collaboration bar at the ground level, with the office bar stacked above. The connection bar forms the base of the U and ties the collaboration and laboratory bars together. It also hosts additional support spaces for the other bars. The laboratory bar at the south fits all Priority

1 laboratory space on the ground level and maximizes layout efficiency.

The laboratory bar is only one story high, so lab heights can be modulated without impacting second floor alignments or program.

PPIC’s layout emphasizes an implicit route for visiting tour groups, enhancing the facility’s educational outreach. Tour groups enter at the collaboration bar on the north, where they immediately see active collaboration spaces and exhibits. They continue through the connection bar and arrive at the laboratory bar in the south. Visual connections occur along the tour route into spaces where visibility is desirable, while site security is maintained by keeping visitors within non-sensitive areas.

Demarcation between secure and non-secure spaces can be implemented via locked doors, card readers, or other such measures.

The U-bar layout provides ample opportunities to make connections to outdoor terrace space that can feature rain gardens, a variety of seating areas, and varying light/shade conditions to maximize the seasonal use of outdoor spaces. The second floor office may be offset from the ground floor offering further opportunities for terraces. The bars are intentionally narrow so that they are optimized for daylighting as needed. Further analysis will optimize bar rotation and facade articulation to balance daylighting, views, glare, and solar heat gain considerations. Rooftops can be configured as green roofs and to support photovoltaic systems.

Material and facade choices will distinguish PPIC as an architectural beacon at PPPL. In contrast with the general campus arrangement of highly enclosed, utilitarian, and even industrial buildings, PPIC will maximize visual transparency and activity, creating greater opportunities for campus visitors and staff to see the work that occurs across PPPL. The material palette will showcase high-performance, low embodied carbon materials and assemblies, with a specific emphasis on introducing selected materials that creatively activate light via transmission, reflection, and casting of shadows. Translucent and transparent curtain walls will create luminosity, while strategic use of graphic color and engineered wood texture will add a signature look to emphasize the central role of PPIC for the campus.

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CLEAR HEIGHT ~12’

ARE THERE ANY LAB USES

THAT WOULD REQUIRE

MORE THAN THIS?

CLEAR HEIGHT (~12’)

LABS

CLEAR HEIGHT (~12’)

LABS

9796 smithgroup.comPRINCETON PLASMA INNOVATION CENTER n PRE-CONCEPTUAL INVESTIGATION & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

CLEAR HEIGHT ~16’

HEDLP LAB

16’ CLEAR

(X-RAY LAB)

CLEAR HEIGHT (~16’)

LABS

CLEAR HEIGHT (~16’)

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SEALED CONCRETE

EXPOSED, PAINTED CEILING

PAINTED METAL, EPOXY TOP (LAB CASEWORK)

SUMMER: 72°F ± 2°F, 50% ± 10% RH

NATURAL LIGHT DESIRABLE (WINDOWS)

SUPPLY AIR 6 AIR CHANGES PER HOUR OCCUPIED

(4 ACH UNOCCUPIED)

NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE

CONNECTION TO SNORKELS

AND/OR FUME EXTRACTOR ARMS

GYPSUM BOARD

’-0

” C

LEA

R

FUME HOOD

ARCHITECTURAL

STRUCTURAL

MECHANICAL

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

IT/SECURITY

OVERHEAD SERVICE CARRIERS

WINTER: 72°F ± 2°F, 30% ± 10% RH

T

LABS

120V

DATA - 4 PLEX

DATA - WI-FI COVERAGE

TELEPHONE - WALL/DESKTOP

CARD READER (OUTSIDE DOOR)

ARCHITECTURAL

STRUCTURAL

MECHANICAL

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

IT/SECURITY

TASK LIGHTING

DUPLEX/QUAD POWER

OVERHEAD CABLE TRAY (208V-1P / 208V-3P / 230V / 480V)

AND OVERHEAD SERVICE CARRIER WITH CEILING SERVICE PANELS PROVIDING

POWER AND PIPED UTILITIES TO LABORATORY TABLE SYTEMS BELOW

PRIMARY LED LIGHT

480V BUSWAY

GROUNDING BAR

120V DUPLEX

UNITERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY

POWER

IN USE LIGHTS (WHERE REQUIRED)

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ARCHITECTURAL

STRUCTURAL

MECHANICAL

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

IT/SECURITY

LAB COLD, HOT WATER

LAB WASTE PIPING

EMERGENCY SHOWER / EYEWASH

(TEMPERED WATER ACCESSIBLE)

SPECIALTY GASES

(IN SERVICE CORRIDOR BEYOND)

LAB NITROGEN

LAB VACCUM

LAB COMPRESSED AIROVERHEAD SERVICE CARRIERS RO WATER

H/C NON POTABLE WATER

CUP SINK WITH COLD WATER AND A DRAIN

EYEWASH

(TEMPERED WATER ACCESSIBLE)

LABS

LAB COLD, HOT WATER

EMERGENCY SHOWER / EYEWASH

(TEMPERED WATER ACCESSIBLE)

LAB SINK

LAB WASTE PIPING

ARCHITECTURAL

STRUCTURAL

MECHANICAL

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

IT/SECURITY

WET PIPE SYSTEM; SMOKE DETECTOR

WATER POLISHER (TYPE1 DI)

SPECIALTY GASES

(IN SERVICE CORRIDOR BEYOND)

LAB NITROGEN (IN HOUSE)

LAB VACCUM (IN HOUSE)

LAB COMPRESSED AIR (IN HOUSE)

RO WATER

H/C NON POTABLE WATER

CUP SINK WITH COLD WATER AND A DRAIN

EYEWASH

(TEMPERED WATER ACCESSIBLE)

EQUIPMENT

CHILLED WATER LOOP SUPPLY

AND RETURN VALES

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LAB PLANNING

LABORATORY DESIGN CRITERIA

One of the primary goals of the Princeton Plasma Innovation Center is to create space for highly technical research and technology development in a vibrant and engaging state-of-the-art facility. To achieve project aspirations, it is of paramount importance that the facility is programmed and planned in a modular and adaptable manner. Adaptable planning best enables the facility to implement technological and personnel changes for both day one and future requirements.

BUILDING ADAPTABILITY

Adaptability is one of the most important components of a new laboratory.

A modular approach strongly enhances assignment and re-assignment of space, while maintaining an orderly approach to the laboratory configurations. In addition, the facility must be designed to embrace future changes in technology and infrastructure requirements. For this, flexible distribution systems are also of the utmost significance to accommodate changes and additions more easily to the services provided in each laboratory area.

An adaptable facility is one that can be reorganized within a structured set of parameters without significant effort or cost. To maximize the possible range, the following issues affecting laboratory adaptability must be kept in mind:

MODULARITY Space allocation on similar/incremental basis

FLEXIBILITY Change space function and size

ADAPTABILITY Add and/or delete functions in each space

SERVICEABILITY Durable, ease of maintenance, ease of installation

EFFICIENCY Space optimization, space/systems to support needs

INTERACTIVITY Promotes communication among its users

COST Use of appropriate systems where required

GUIDE PLATE DEVELOPMENT

ENTRY

SERVICE CORRIDOR

ENTRY

SERVICE

CORRIDOR

PLAN VIEWAXONOMETRIC

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LAB PLANNING

MODULARITY

The laboratory module creates a framework for space distribution that helps maximize opportunities for usable reconfiguration of that space in the future. In establishing this module, consideration was given to the multiple requirements of the various laboratory spaces, and the spatial needs associated with these requirements. A common module to support these various requirements was desired, thus allowing for flexibility in space reassignment and configuration.

The laboratory module maximizes the space allocation by understanding the recognized functions in the open lab. For open laboratory areas, we established a basic module of 11’-0" by 30’-0" for open labs, which will drive the basic structural module.

Laboratory support spaces shall be planned using a variant of the module at 11’-0" by 10’-0". Spaces in this area will vary in size and shall be planned in multiples of the basic module.

BUILDING EFFICIENCY

Requiring extensive laboratory services and advanced mechanical and electrical systems, laboratories are not inherently efficient facilities. There are many factors that affect the efficiency of these types of buildings such as:

n Site constraints and building configuration n Location of key elements – grouping and relationship of offices, labs, lab support, etc.

n Service distribution systems – vertical and horizontal distribution components n Corridor/circulation system – such as single vs. double loaded, race-track, open labs, etc.

n Number of floors and size of floor-plate

Utilizing the methodologies noted above helps to create a facility that is as efficient as possible.

CASEWORK SYSTEMS

Selection of a flexible casework system, when combined with the prescribed building module and an adequate vertical and horizontal distribution, will help ensure a greater degree of flexibility for all aspects of the laboratory. Fixed casework should be kept to a minimum and strategically located to minimize impact on future adaptability. Open laboratories should utilize a shared frame movable bench system with a vertical frame to accommodate adjustable shelving and integrated electrical and plumbing services. These services should be connected to building systems via quick disconnects fed from ceiling service panels overhead. Laboratories for instrumentation or testing should utilize mobile instrument benches (no uprights) with utilities distributed via overhead service carriers.

COMPONENT LOCATION

Component location will determine how the facility will be organized and how space types will be grouped. It should reflect the desired space relationships and program adjacencies, ultimately defining the beginnings of the planning concept. Component location includes space relationships, location of program elements, location of mechanical/electrical spaces and stacking concepts. Exhaust systems should be ultra low-flow, high efficiency type but also calibrated to more stringent scientific requirements where necessary. Best practices dictate that fume hoods should not be placed directly across from one another within five feet or the distance equal to the nominal length of the largest hood (whichever is greater) and should be placed away from areas of circulation or doors.

SERVICE DISTRIBUTION

Service distribution within a facility greatly impacts flexibility. The laboratories in the new facility are anticipated to be on one level on the ground floor. For a single-story facility, the horizontal distribution systems are key to maximizing the use of the lab space over time, and access to these utilities is also paramount in maintaining flexibility.

SERVICE CORRIDOR

The research being conducted at this facility requires the use of a wide variety of equipment and instrumentation. This equipment can be large-scale, and often requires the use of pumps, chillers, and cylinder gases to support the experimentation. A large central service corridor between two lab bars is planned to help facilitate the movement and use of this equipment. The service corridor will have direct access to the loading dock to accommodate deliveries of the large equipment. Double doors, or overhead coiling doors will provide access into the labs for large equipment. Planned pathways through labs connected to the service corridor will allow for the movement of large equipment to labs that are not directly adjacent to the service corridor. Support equipment, such as pumps and chillers, can be located in the service corridor to help isolate noise, heat, and vibrations that they generate. Additionally, locating this support equipment, along with cylinder gases in the service corridor maximizes the usable space within the labs.

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EVALUATION OF SERVICE CORRIDORS

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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Reflecting PPPL’s prominent role as a national laboratory pursing the future of energy technologies, the new PPIC building will be designed to high standards of environmental performance and sustainability. As a

DOE facility, PPIC will adhere to the requirements of Executive Order 14057, supporting the goal of achieving a net-zero emissions federal building portfolio by 2045, including a 50 percent emissions reduction by 2032. The project is striving to meet standards equivalent to LEED Gold under LEED v4 BD+C, should PPPL seek certification. SmithGroup supports these goals through our practice of setting performance targets and benchmarking similar facilities in the region to aim for a minimum of a 30 percent reduction in energy use compared to ASHRAE Standard 90.1, and through working with the project commissioning agent (CxA) to ensure systems operate as envisioned.

The project siting and massing incorporates passive building strategies to maximize light and views, while minimizing solar gain and glare. An east-west linear orientation provides balanced solar exposure, regulated by passive shading and overhangs on southern-facing façade systems. A

U-shaped plan diagram increases indoor-outdoor connections with quality courtyard views and potential for natural ventilation in office spaces. The new PPIC building will physically integrate with existing buildings on the

PPPL campus, minimizing greenfield disturbance and benefiting from on-site infrastructure.

PPIC will implement low-impact development strategies for stormwater management to maintain and potentially restore onsite and downstream hydrologic conditions, managing on-site runoff for a target of the 85th percentile of local/regional rainfall events. Direct groundwater infiltration strategies will be prioritized to achieve maximum benefit at low cost.

Energy and water use will be minimized across a variety of different active and passive strategies. Direct consumption will be reduced by specifying high-performance fixtures and fittings and supported by building-level consumption metering. An indoor water use reduction of 40 percent from baseline is targeted. Building electrification will be prioritized to minimize on-site fossil fuel consumption, including the use of electric boilers for heating hot water and domestic hot water generation. The installation of photovoltaic panels will be considered where cost-effective to offset onsite energy consumption.

At the plant level, a geothermal well field will be installed as a renewable energy source for building heating and cooling. The adjacent data center will be studied for opportunities for waste heat energy recovery for use in PPIC building heating. Administrative, office, and collaboration spaces will be provided with radiant panel heating and cooling for increased energy efficiency. Energy recovery will be incorporated into all air handling systems, including energy recovery wheels, glycol run-around loops, and airflow cascades from office to laboratory spaces.

Embodied carbon and material sustainability will be informed by product-level life cycle assessment during sourcing. Material and product selection will prioritize results that are as sustainable as possible within the project first cost, including prioritizing recycled content, biobased content, and locally sourced content.