1b. Technical Specifications.pdf

LIST OF SPECIFICATIONS

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

02 41 01 Demolition and Removal 6

DIVISION 03 - CONCRETE

03 30 00.00 20 Cast-in-place Concrete 8

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

31 23 00.00 20 Earthwork for Structures and Pavements 9

DIVISION 32 EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 92 19 32 93 00

Grass Seeding Exterior plants

DIVISION 33 UTILITIES

33 82 00 Telecommunications Outside Plant 8

PROJECT QUUG 24-1003

02 41 00 - 1

SECTION 02 41 00

DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES: The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

Real Decreto 105/2008 Producción y Gestión de los Residuos de Construcción y Demolición.

Ley 10/1998 de Residuos.

Ley 31/95 de 8 de Noviembre de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales Orden MAM/304/2002 Operaciones de Valorización y Eliminación de Residuos.

1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: Demolition shall not be started until authorization is received from the Contracting Officer or his/her authorized representative. Remove rubbish and debris from the job site daily; do not allow accumulations inside or outside the building. Store materials that cannot be removed daily in areas specified by the Contracting Officer or authorized representative.

The demolition work shall be accomplished item by item, beginning from the roof down to the foundation and in such a manner that overloading of the intermediate items be avoided. Prior to the removal of the structural elements, drop ceilings, partitions, nonload-bearing walls and plumbing fixtures shall be removed. In case any structural element has settled, partitions shall not be removed before shoring. Whenever the work is interrupted, blind walls of a height greater than five times its thickness shall not be left without bracing. A machine to carry out the demolition work may be used to demolish walls of a height lower than 2/3 of the height the machine can reach, and all the applicable safety measures shall be taken to avoid damages to objects and injuries to workers. The machine shall be used in those areas previously prepared for the machine use. The machine shall be operated on secure and solid floors only. When the machine is used for the removal of debris, no pressure will be exerted over the adjacent buildings nor over the fence around the work site. A water supply connection will be left ready to water the job site when needed in order to avoid generating dust. The removal of an item which cannot be handled by only one person will be accomplished by hanging or shoring the item, avoiding its dropping down and the vibrations it may transmit to the rest of the building.

The turning over of an item shall only be performed if the item is subject to be divided into its constituent parts. It shall be previously shored or braced and cut at the base; set off the force over its center of gravity and consider the area it will fall on. Nails shall be bent or removed from the wooden items. The following safety rules shall apply: The demolition work shall always be accomplished from the top downwards in such a way that the workers stay at the same level of the demolition work, without any person staying underneath nor next to the area where the demolition is being accomplished. Furthermore, the workers shall use a safety belt properly fastened to a

02 41 00 - 2 fixed point to prevent a mishap.

1.3 SUBMITTALS: Submit the following:

1.3.1 Schedules:

a. Program and schedule of the works.

1.3.2 Statements:

a. Demolition plan.

b. Management and disposal plan of the waste from demolition.

1.3.2.1 Required Data: Demolition plan shall include procedures for careful removal and disposition of materials specified to be salvaged, coordination with other work in progress, a disconnection schedule of utility services, and a detailed description of methods and equipment to be used for each operation and of the sequence of operations. Information shall therein be contained on the authorized disposal area or recycling plant where the resultant materials from the demolition operations are to be sent and the authorization of use or certificate of the disposal facility.

1.3.3 Certificates of Compliance:

a. Manager of waste from demolition and construction.

b. Authorized dump or treatment and recovery plant.

c. Delivery and disposal certificate of waste from construction and demolition.

1.4 REGULATORY AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS: Comply with the state and local hauling and disposal regulations. In addition, safety requirements shall conform with "Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales".

1.5 DUST AND DEBRIS CONTROL: Prevent the spread of dust and debris and avoid the creation of a nuisance in the surrounding area. Vacuum and dust the work area daily. The elimination of the elements from the demolition operations shall be accomplished in an independent manner in accordance with the type of material and its components and characteristics particularly as established in the norms regulating said elimination. These operations are affected by the transportation of said waste material from the demolition point to the authorized disposal facility or recycling plant. The Contractor shall be responsible for misuse or disposition of materials to be eliminated as well as the transportation and disposal of same in unauthorized areas.

1.6 PROTECTION:

1.6.1 Existing Work: Protect existing work which is to remain in place, be reused, or remain

02 41 00 - 3 the property of the Government. Repair items which are to remain, and which are damaged during performance of the work to their original condition or replace with new. Repairs must have Contracting Officer or authorized representative approval.

1.7 BURNING: Burning of materials will not be permitted.

In those building with a wooden structure or where flammable materials can be found provide a manual fire extinguisher.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

NOT USED.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO BE REMOVED:

3.1.1 Previous Considerations: The facility shall be visually examined before proceeding to fumigate its interior so as to completely eliminate the risk of bites and associated mishaps. The demolition work shall be accomplished from top to bottom in such a way that the workers stay at the same level of the demolition work, without any person staying underneath or near the items to be demolished. Workers shall use safety belts fastened to a fixed point when working at a height of 3 m or higher. Provide footbridges to allow traffic between the beams or joists when the beam filling has been removed. The bracing devices will not be removed before the removal of the stress exerted over them. The oscillation effect shall be considered when cutting the metal items or when removing the stress from them. Overhanging items shall be shored before easing the counterweight.

In general, items such as glass, plumbing fixtures, etc shall be removed without being divided into pieces to avoid cuts and injures. If an item is subject to be divided into parts, the resulting pieces shall be of a size that can be easily handled by only one person. The cut or demolition of an item by only one person shall be accomplished if the item is kept hung, and violent drops and the vibrations subject to be transmitted to the rest of the building or to the hanging devices are avoided.

The demolition of an item will be accomplished without moving its point of support and in a slow descent. The overturning method shall only be used when dealing with items divided into pieces that are placed on the ground floor and without any contact with the adjacent building. Shoring and/or bracing shall be accomplished before overturning as well as cutting the base 1/3 of its thickness. Prior to demolishing the load-bearing walls, the building structure shall be braced at all the portal frames in direct contact with the walls. Bracing shall be accomplished by means of steel braided cables in diagonal struts and threaded tighteners. Bracing shall remain fixed/tense but untight and when the demolition work is complete it shall be removed gradually at all portal frames at the same time and detecting a possible deformation or movement of the metal structure if any.

3.1.2 Procedures and Sequence:

02 41 00 - 4

3.1.2.1 Disconnection of Utilities: Prior to any type of demolition work, all water, electricity and telephone service connections shall be disconnected. The main electric power supply line to the facility to be demolished shall be disconnected from the panelboard and from the transformer center. The inert line shall be abandoned in its conduit, recovering the surplus wiring coiled up that shall be to remain in the next manhole in service. In the case it is a secondary supply line or one dependent on another line, it shall be disconnected from the permanent main panel or manhole where the branching was accomplished, leaving the connection points totally protected by completely sealing with tape specifically for this purpose. Verify that there is no other power supply point and that the power network is totally inert.

In relation to the telecommunications conduits, the necessary work and coordination with the communications department will have to be carried out so as not to cancel the service to other existing houses outside the scope of this project, specifically houses (643-645), (647-649) and (698-690).

For this, the pertinent trenches will be made, with the placement of the pertinent conduit, manholes and trench fillings, so that the Communications Department can carry out all the wiring work, connections, etc. for new connections to the afore mentioned houses, before permanently cutting off the supply to the existing lines of these branches. All this process will be executed before the start of the demolition itself.

The water supply line shall be cut and capped adequately from the point where said water supply goes exclusively to the facility to be demolished, eliminating the indicated path. The sanitary sewer line shall be cut at the indicated point, for removal with all its floor drains.

3.1.2.2 Equipment and Mechanical Installations: Remove all air conditioning and exhaust equipment with all pertinent elements, as thermostat, control panels, ducts, dumpers, grilles, etc. Disassemble the solar panels with all the accessories as well as the water accumulation tanks with its control equipment. Demolish settling tanks, oil grease separators, sewer lines and manholes as indicated, plugging all the inactive ends to remain. Demolish the entire sewer system.

Remove the sanitary water lines, manholes, faucets, pipes, valves and all other elements which may be exposed. The bellowed mechanical equipment shall be disassembled appropriately and delivered to the Government in the current use conditions:

3.1.2.2.1 Air conditioning units, including the refrigerant gas R410A, which will be properly recovered.

3.1.2.2.2 Solar panel equipment, with all the accessory elements.

3.1.2.2.3 Electric accumulation water heaters and accessories.

3.1.2.2.4 Back flow preventer valves and water meters.

Any other element not included in this list may be claimed by the Government to be used if being requested.

3.1.2.3 Electric equipment and installations: Remove interior and exterior light fixtures, the control panels, the circuit breakers and the outlets. Proceed in the same manner as with the exterior elements. Remove the electric meters and associated elements and delivery to the

02 41 00 - 5

Government in the current use conditions as well as the main electric panels and any other element from the electric installations if required.

3.1.2.4 Drop Ceiling: Remove all drop ceiling loose parts before they fall off.

Remove the rest of the gypsum and the fixing items. Include in the demolition the removal of lighting fixtures, electrical connections and all the items installed at that level. Demolish any auxiliary system used to suspend the false ceiling.

3.1.2.5 Plumbing and Plumbing Fixtures: Remove all plumbing fixtures and accessories such as faucets, valves, etc. Also remove all installed accessories and furniture.

Remove the plumbing and drainage lines with all the accessory elements.

3.1.2.6. Carpentry and Security Items: Unhang doors and windows and remove the frames and the supporting guides as well as louvers, protection bars and/or all security items that may be encountered. Remove the glasses to be treated and eliminated separately. Dismantling the kitchen furniture, countertop and accessories, without damaging and delivery to the Government properly packed to be reused.

3.1.2.7 Roof Tile: Remove the roof beginning from the tiles and special elements such as hip rafters, ridges, valley channels, gutters and downspouts. Remove any element, pipe, conduit, mechanical or electrical installation support, antennas, etc. Remove all the layer such as waterproof membranes, cement mortar and insulation layers to reach the clean surface of the concrete roof slab. The roof system shall be demolished layer by layer, ensuring that the wood guard board transiting area for personnel consisting of transversal planks preclude slippage.

3.1.2.8 Masonry: Before removing the partitions and non-load bearing walls, remove the loose tiles and ceramic items which might cause cuts or injuries, then remove the partitions and non-load bearing walls entirely but gradually, including the embedded utilities that could be encountered. Demolish in the same manner the ceramic pavements. Begin the demolition of the perimeter walls by removing the portion over door and window openings in order to avoid their dropping. Then, demolish the entire wall in a continuous and proper manner to the floor level. Demolish the exterior A/C and plumbing enclosures.

3.1.2.9 Flooring: Demolish ceramic floor tiles, carpet and baseboard. Demolish mortar layers, adhesive and abandoned tiles from underneath the final flooring to reach the clean and dry surface of the concrete slab.

3.1.2.10 Concrete Structure: Demolish the concrete structure indicated following the sequence specified, starting from the less resistant element to the strongest element. Prior to initiating demolition operations required shoring shall be installed. Work shall be initiated at the roof slab, demolishing the layer of concrete compression and ceramic material of interjoist, consequently the demolition of the first joist and so on successively, interjoist-joist until the entire has been eliminated. Execute cuts in beams as required and once detached from the rest of the

02 41 00 - 6 structure proceed to the progressive and systematic demolition of same ensuring they are not subjected to loads. In no case will the demolition of beams or pillars by free-falling or twisting be permitted. Beams shall be demolished in their original position by breaking into pieces of no more than 25 cm. Once the concrete roof slabs are demolished, continue by demolishing the load bearing walls and columns to the level of the interior pavement.

3.1.2.11 Demolish the slab, tie beams and footings as indicated with all elements embedded in concrete, such as anchors, electrical conduits, floor drains, pipes, manholes, bollards, etc. Remove the existing ground improvement subbase to the level of the natural ground, the thickness of these soils is estimated to be 1.5 meters. Demolish also the sidewalks and exterior equipment slabs with all the subgrade and block that may appear, until reaching the level of the natural ground.

3.1.2.12 Asphalt Pavement: Mark the line established for the demolition of the driveway pavements. The pavement cutting shall be carried out by means of power saw on the whole thickness of the asphalt layer, demolish the resultant pavement at the interior marked area as well as the filling material underneath the asphalt layer, reaching the level of the natural ground.

Any element or soil that is not natural soil up to a depth of 2 meters will be removed.

3.1.2.13 Backfill of brown clay soils compacted to 98% Modified Proctor in 30 cm maximum layers.

3.1.2.14 Replace the topsoil: Fill the entire surface with 15 cm of topsoil.

3.1.2.15 Restore the vegetable cover: Prepare the ground top layer, which shall be free of stones and weed and prepared for seed placement treatment and the vegetal cover restoration.

3.2 PATCHING: Where removals leave holes and damaged surfaces exposed in the finished work, patch and repair these holes and damaged surfaces to match adjacent finished surfaces.

3.3 DISPOSITION OF MATERIAL:

3.3.1 Title to Materials: Except where specified in specifications or indicated in drawings, all materials and equipment removed, and not reused, shall become the property of the Contractor, unless otherwise indicated, and shall be removed from Government property. Title to materials resulting from demolition, and materials and equipment to be removed, is vested in the Contractor upon approval by the Contracting Officer of the Contractor's demolition and removal procedures, and authorization by the Contracting Officer to begin demolition. The Government will not be responsible for the condition or loss of, or damage to, such property after notice to proceed.

Materials and equipment shall not be viewed by prospective purchasers or sold on the site.

02 41 00 - 7

3.4 CLEANUP: Remove and transport debris and rubbish in a manner that will prevent spillage on pavements, streets or adjacent areas. Clean up spillage from pavements, streets and adjacent areas.

*** END OF SECTION ***

03 30 00.00 20 - 1

SECTION 03 30 00.00 20

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

UNA NORMA ESPAÑOLA (UNE)

UNE 41.107 1961, “Productos prefabricados elásticos para el relleno de juntas de expansión en pavimento de hormigón.”

UNE-EN 12350-1 2006, “Ensayos de hormigón fresco. Parte 1: Toma de muestras.”

UNE 104.233 1983, “Materiales bituminosos de sellado de juntas de hormigón.”

MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS, TRANSPORTE Y

MEDIO AMBIENTE (MOPTMA)

MOPT EH-PRE “Instrucción para la fabricación y suministro de hormigón preparado.”

MINISTERIO DE LA PRESIDENCIA

CE Código Estructural. Real Decreto 470/2021

MINISTERIO DE LA VIVIENDA

CODIGO TECNICO DE LA EDIFICACION (CTE)

SEGURIDAD ESTRUCTURAL (SE)

DB-SE Seguridad Estructural DB-SE-AE Acciones en la Edificación DB-SE-C Cimientos DB-SE-A Acero DB-SE-F Fábrica

1.2 SUBMITTALS:

03 30 00.00 20 - 2

1.2.1 Inspection certificate of the concrete batch plant.

1.2.2 Concrete Control Tests Program: Test results shall be issued by an authorized laboratory. Provide a description of the elements to receive concrete, the lots, series and the number of samples to be tested. The same procedure shall apply to the steel to be used on the project.

1.2.3 Results of the Concrete Control Tests: The results of the concrete test of the samples taken in the job site shall be presented with 24 hours following issuance from the laboratory.

1.2.4 Shop Drawing:

a. Shop drawing for the assembly of ironworks: Indicate the diameters and location of the re-bars. The crossing of the different bars, overlaps and covers, the embedded elements and sleeve shall be shown as well as conflicts which may be generated during assembly. Submit shop drawing to Contracting Officer or authorized representative for evaluation and approval.

No work shall be executed on reinforcement assembly until shop drawings have been approved.

1.2.5 Manufacturer’s polypropylene fiber catalogue data.

1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING: Do not deliver concrete until vapor barrier, forms, reinforcement and embedded items are in place and ready for concrete placement.

Store reinforcement of different sizes and shapes in separate piles or racks raised above the ground to avoid excessive rusting. Protect from contaminants such as grease, oil, and dirt.

Provide for accurate identification after bundles are broken and tags removed.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 CONCRETE:

2.1.1 Mix Design: Use in-situ-made concrete only when approved by Contracting Officer.

Design mix in accordance with Structural Code (CE). Concrete shall have a 28-day compressive strength as specified. Slump shall be between 6 and 9 cm. Water-cement ratio shall not exceed

0,60. HA-25/B/20/XC2

2.1.2 Ready-Mixed Concrete: Structural Code (CE), except as modified herein.

2.2 MATERIALS:

2.2.1 Cement: Structural Code (CE) Portland cement CEM II, as required to achieve

03 30 00.00 20 - 3 compressive strength, without additives for all concrete work.

2.2.2 Water: Water used for mixing and curing the concrete on site shall not contain any deleterious ingredient in such a quantity as to affect the properties of the concrete or the reinforcement protections against corrosion.

2.2.3 Aggregates: Structural Code (CE). Obtain all aggregates for exposed concrete from one source. Aggregates shall not contain any substance which may be deleteriously reactive with the alkalis in the cement.

2.2.4 Materials for Curing Concrete: Fabric cloth made from jute or organic emulsion compound of a well known manufacturer which has been in the market for at least five years to prevent premature evaporation of mixing water in the concrete. The compound will be transparent.

2.2.5 Reinforcing Bars: Structural Code (CE). All bars shall be corrugated bars. Welded wire fabric shall be as per Structural Code (CE).

2.2.6 Vapor Barrier: Polyethylene sheeting, minimum thickness to be 400 gauge.

2.2.7 Forms: Provide wood, plywood, or steel. Hardwood shall have a phenolic faced for forms used in exposed concrete surfaces. Use plywood or steel forms where a smooth form finish is required. Lumber shall be square edged or tongue-and-groove boards, free of raised grain, knotholes, or other surface defects. Form surfaces shall not contain irregularities.

2.2.8 Form Ties and Accessories: The use of wire alone is prohibited. Form ties and accessories shall not reduce the effective cover of the reinforcement.

2.2.9 Expansion/Contraction Joint Filler: UNE 41.107, 1 inch thick, unless otherwise indicated.

2.2.10 Joint Sealants: UNE 104.233.

2.2.11 Polypropylene Fiber: Shall be immersed in a homogeneous manner throughout the whole concrete mass in a proportion of 600 grams per cubic meter of concrete. Concrete tests shall be performed prior to fiber mixture. Fiber shall have the following characteristics:

Density: 0.9 g/cm³ Fiber length 6÷18 mm Fiber diameter 31 microns Elongation breakage 80-140% Melting point 163º-170ºC

03 30 00.00 20 - 4

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 FORMS: Set forms true to line and grade and make mortar-tight. Before concrete placement, coat the contact surfaces of forms with a coating compound. Do not use mineral oil on formed surfaces to be painted. Prevent concrete damage during form removal. Provide wire ties, supports, and other devices necessary to install and secure the reinforcement. Mass concrete for footings may be placed in excavations shallower than 600 mm without forms, upon inspection and approval of the Contracting Officer. In those cases, excavation width shall be a minimum of 100 mm greater than indicated. After placing concrete, forms shall remain in place for a minimum of 3 days. Prevent concrete damage during form removal.

3.2 PLACING REINFORCEMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS:

CODIGO ESTRUCTURAL (CE). Provide bars, wire fabrics, wire ties, supports, and other devices necessary to install and secure the reinforcement properly. Reinforcement shall not contain rust, scale, oil, grease, clay, and foreign substances that would reduce the bond.

Excessive rusting of reinforcement is a basis of rejection. Remove loose rust prior to placing steel. Tack welding is prohibited.

3.2.1 Vapor Barrier: Provide, where indicated in drawings, around foundations. Use the greatest widths and lengths practicable so as to eliminate joints wherever possible. Lap joint minimum of 12 inches. Remove torn, punctured, or damaged vapor barrier material and provide with new vapor barrier.

3.2.2 Spacers: Position reinforcement and secure with galvanized or non-corrodible metal chairs, spacers or hangers. Use concrete or other non-corrodible material that will not absorb water or moisture to support the reinforcement on the floor.

3.2.3 Splicing: CODIGO ESTRUCTURAL (CE). Do not make splices at points of maximum stress. Overlap bars 40 diameters minimum. Overlap welded wire fabric the spacing of the cross wires, plus 2 inches.

3.2.4 Cover: CODIGO ESTRUCTURAL (CE), for minimum coverage, unless otherwise indicated.

3.2.5 Construction Joints: Locate joints to least impair strength. Continue reinforcement across joints unless otherwise indicated.

3.2.6 Expansion Joints and Contraction Joints: Provide expansion joints at edges of floor slabs on grade abutting vertical surfaces, and additionally as indicated. Make expansion joints 20 mm wide unless indicated otherwise. Fill expansion joints not exposed to weather with

03 30 00.00 20 - 5 preformed joint filler material. Completely fill joints exposed to weather with joint filler material and joint sealant. Do not extend reinforcement or other embedded metal items bonded to concrete through any expansion joint unless an expansion sleeve is used. Provide contraction joints, either formed or saw cut or cut with a jointing tool, to the indicated depth after the surface has been finished. Sawed joints shall be completed within 4 to 12 hours after concrete placement. Protect joints from intrusion of foreign matter.

3.2.7 Placing: Place concrete as soon as practicable after the forms and the reinforcement have been inspected and approved. Do not place concrete when weather conditions prevent proper placement and consolidation, or in standing water. Prior to placing concrete, remove dirt, construction debris, water, and ice from within the forms. Deposit concrete as close as practicable to the final position in the forms. Do not exceed a free vertical drop or 3 feet from the point of discharge. Place concrete in one continuous operation from one end of the structure towards the other. Position grade stakes on 10-foot center maximum in each direction when pouring interior slabs and on 20-foot center maximum for exterior slabs.

3.2.8 Vibration: Furnish a spare vibrator on the job site whenever concrete is placed.

Consolidate concrete slabs greater than 4 inches in depth with high frequency, internal, mechanical vibrating equipment supplemented by hand spading and tamping. Consolidate concrete slabs 4 inches or less in depth by wood straight edge. Operate vibrators with vibratory element submerged in the concrete with a minimum frequency of not less than 6000 impulses per minute when submerged. Do not use vibrators to transport the concrete in the forms. Insert and withdraw vibrators approximately 18 inches apart. Penetrate the previously placed lift with the vibrator when more than one lift is required. Place concrete in 18-inch maximum vertical lifts.

External vibrators shall be used on the exterior surface of the forms when internal vibrators do not provide adequate consolidation of the concrete.

3.2.9 Setting Miscellaneous Material: Place and secure pipe sleeves, drains and other such items in position before concrete placement. Temporarily fill voids in sleeves and drains with readily removable material to prevent the entry of concrete.

3.3 MEASURING, MIXING, TRANSPORTING, AND PLACING CONCRETE:

CODIGO ESTRUCTURAL (CE). Provide mandatory batch ticket information for each load of ready-mix concrete. For "in situ" mixed concrete begin mixing within 30 minutes after the cement has been added to the aggregates. Place concrete within 90 minutes of either addition of mixing water to cement and aggregates or addition of cement to aggregates if the air temperature is less than 30 degrees C. Reduce mixing time to 60 minutes if the air temperature is greater than 30 degrees C. Additional water may be added, provided that both the specified maximum slump and water-cement ratio are not exceeded. Prior to placing concrete, remove dirt, construction debris and water from within the forms. Consolidate concrete slabs greater than 10 cm depth with high frequency, internal, mechanical vibrating equipment supplemented by hand spading and tamping. Consolidate concrete slabs 10 cm or less in depth by tamping, spading, and settling

03 30 00.00 20 - 6 with a heavy levelling straight edge.

3.3.1 Cold Weather: Provide and maintain 10 degrees C minimum concrete temperature.

Do not place concrete when the ambient temperature is below 5 degrees C. Cover concrete and provide with a source of heat sufficient to maintain 10 degrees c minimum while curing.

3.3.2 Hot Weather: Concrete temperature from initial mixing through final cure shall not exceed 32 degrees C. Use suitable means to control concrete temperature to prevent rapid drying of newly placed concrete. Shade the fresh concrete and start curing as soon as the surface of the fresh concrete is sufficiently hard to permit curing without damage.

3.4 SURFACE FINISHES: Slope floors uniformly. After trowelling is completed protect surface for curing.

3.4.1 Defects: Repair formed surfaces by removing minor honeycombs, pits greater than 1 mm² surface area or 3 mm maximum depth, or otherwise defective areas. Provide edges perpendicular to the surface and patch with non-shrink grout. Patch tie holes and defects when the forms are removed. Concrete with extensive honeycomb will be rejected, unless correction of defects is approved. Obtain approval of corrective action prior to repair. Exposed surfaces shall be uniform in appearance and finished to a smooth form finish, unless otherwise specified.

3.4.2 Not Against Forms: Surfaces not otherwise specified shall be finished with wood floats to even surfaces. Finish shall match adjacent finishes.

3.4.3 Formed Surfaces:

3.4.3.1 As-Cast Rough Form: Provide as-cast rough form for surfaces not exposed to public view. Remove fins and other projections exceeding 0.25 inch in height; level abrupt irregularities.

3.4.3.2 As-Cast Smooth Form: Provide as-cast smooth form for surfaces exposed to public view. Form facing material shall produce a smooth, uniform texture on the concrete.

Remove fins and other projections.

3.5 FLOOR, SLAB AND PAVEMENT FINISHES AND MISCELLANEOUS

CONSTRUCTION: Slope floors uniformly. Provide floor slabs with a steel trowelled finish.

After trowelling and moist curing are completed, apply a liquid chemical sealer-hardener compound on interior floor slabs that do not receive floor covering.

3.5.1 Finish: Place, consolidate, and immediately strike off concrete to obtain proper contour, grade, and elevation before bleed water appears. Permit concrete attain a set sufficient for floating and supporting the weight of the finisher and equipment. If bleed water is present

03 30 00.00 20 - 7 prior to floating the surface, drag the excess water off or remove by absorption with porous materials. Do not use dry cement to absorb bleed water.

3.5.1.1 Steel Trowelled: First, provide a floated finish. When slab attains a proper set, trowel to a smooth, hard, dense finish. Finished surfaces shall be free of trowelled marks, uniform in texture, and a true plane, flat within 0.01 foot (approximately 1/8 inch) in 10 feet. Hand finish portions of the slab not accessible to power finishing equipment (e.g., edges, corners) to match the remainder of the slab. Power trowel once and finally hand trowel where a finished floor covering (e.g., tile, carpet) is specified. Power trowel twice and finally hand trowel for exposed concrete floors, apply quartz or corundum powder as required for the float finish. The color shall be determined by the Contracting Officer or his/her authorized representative. In places where a paint finish or other continuous material finish is required, follow the previous treatment for this effect as recommended by the manufacturer.

3.5.1.2 Broomed: Provide for exterior walks unless otherwise indicated. Provide a floated finish, then finish with a flexible bristle broom. Permit surface to harden sufficiently to retain the scoring or ridges. Broom transverse to traffic or at right angles to the slope of the slab.

3.5.2 Pavement: Screed the concrete with a template advanced with a combined longitudinal and crosswise motion. Maintain a slight surplus of concrete ahead of the template.

After screeding, float the concrete longitudinally. Use a straight edge to check slope and flatness; correct and refloat as necessary. Obtain final finish by belting. Lay belt flat on the concrete surface and advance with a sawing motion; continue until a uniform but gritty nonslip surface is obtained. Round edges and joints with an edge having a radius of 1/8 inch.

3.5.3 Concrete Walks: Provide 4 inches thick minimum. Provide joints thickness and spacing as indicated. Cut contraction joints with a jointing tool after the surface has been finished. Provide transverse expansion joints where indicated and at changes in direction where sidewalk abuts curb, steps, rigid pavement, or other similar structures. Provide walks with a broomed finish unless otherwise indicated in drawings. Provide a transverse slope of 2% or as indicated in drawings.

3.5.4 Curbs: Provide same joints thickness and spacing as for concrete walks.

3.6 CURING AND PROTECTION: Begin curing immediately following form removal.

Protect concrete from injurious action by sun, rain, flowing water, frost, mechanical injury, tire marks and oil stains. Do not allow concrete to dry out from time of placement until the expiration of the specified curing period. Do not use membrane forming compound on surfaces where appearance would be objectionable, on any surface to be painted, where coverings are to be bonded to the concrete, or on concrete to which other concrete is to be bonded. If forms are removed prior to the expiration of the curing period, provide another curing procedure specified herein for the remaining portion of the curing period. Provide moist curing for those areas non receiving liquid chemical sealer-hardener.

03 30 00.00 20 - 8

3.6.1 Moist Curing: Provide for the removal of water without erosion or damage to the structure. Use one or several of the hereafter explained methods as per the Contracting Officer's instructions.

3.6.1.1 Fog Spraying or Sprinkling: Provide uniform and continuous application of water throughout the curing period. For temperatures between 40- and 50-degrees F, increase the curing period by 50 percent.

3.6.1.2 Pervious Sheeting: Completely cover surface and edges of the concrete with two thicknesses of wet sheeting. Overlap sheeting 6 inches over adjacent sheeting.

Sheeting shall be at least as long as the width of the surface to be cured. During application, do not drag the sheeting over the finished concrete nor over sheeting already placed. Wet sheeting thoroughly and keep continuously wet throughout the curing period.

3.6.1.3 Impervious Sheeting: Wet the entire exposed surface of the concrete thoroughly with a fine spray of water and cover with impervious sheeting throughout the curing period. Lay sheeting directly on the concrete surface and overlap edges 12 inches minimum.

Provide sheeting not less than 18 inches wider than the concrete surface to be cured. Secure edges and transverse laps to form closed joints. Repair torn or damaged sheeting or provide new sheeting. Cover or wrap columns, walls, and other vertical structural elements from the top down with impervious sheeting, overlap and continuously tape sheeting joints, and introduce sufficient water to soak the entire surface prior to completely enclosing.

3.6.2 Liquid Membrane-Forming Compound Curing: Seal or cover joint openings prior to application of the curing compound. Prevent curing compound from entering the joint. Provide and maintain compound on the concrete surface throughout the curing period.

3.6.2.1 Application: Unless the manufacturer recommends otherwise, apply compound immediately after the surface loses its water sheen and has a dull appearance, and before joints are sawed. Mechanically agitate curing compound thoroughly during use. Use approved power-spraying equipment to uniformly apply two coats of compound in a continuous operation. The total coverage for the two coats shall be 200 square feet maximum per gallon of undiluted compound unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer's written instructions.

The compound shall form a uniform, continuous, coherent film that will not check crack, or peel.

3.6.2.2 Protection of Treated Surfaces: Prohibit foot and vehicular traffic and other sources of abrasion for not less than 72 hours after compound application. Maintain continuity of the coating for the entire curing period and immediately repair any damage.

3.6.3 Curing Period: Not less than 7 days for all concrete.

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3.6.3.1 Additional Curing: Double the required curing period if either one or the average of both test cylinders indicate less than 90 percent of the strength specified.

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SECTION 31 23 00 00 20

EARTHWORK FOR STRUCTURES AND PAVEMENT

PART I - GENERAL

extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

NORMAS DE ENSAYO DEL LABORATORIO DE CARRETERAS Y GEOTECNIA

DEL MINISTERIO DE FOMENTO (NLT)

NLT-105 1991, “Límite líquido por el Método de la Cuchara”.

NLT-106 1991, “Límite plástico”.

NLT-108 1991, “Apisonado Proctor Modificado”.

NTL-109 1972, “Densidad In Situ por el Método de la Arena”.

NLT-150 1989, “Análisis granulométrico de áridos gruesos y finos”.

NTL-152 1989, “Material de los áridos que pasa el tamiz UNE 80 µm por lavado”.

ASOCIACION ESPAÑOLA DE NORMALIZACION Y CERTIFICACION

UNA NORMA ESPAÑOLA (UNE)

UNE 41.111 1958, “Aridos finos para hormigones”.

UNE 41.112 1958, “Aridos gruesos para hormigones”.

MINISTERIO DE OBRAS PUBLICAS, TRANSPORTES Y MEDIO AMBIENTE

NTE/ADE-77 1971, “Norma tecnológica de la edificación. Explanaciones”.

NTE/ADG-83 1983, “Norma tecnológica de la edificación. Galerías”.

NTE/ADV-76 1976, “Norma tecnológica de la edificación. Vaciados”.

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NTE/ADZ-77 1977, “Norma tecnológica de la edificación. Zanjas y pozos”.

NTE/ASD-77 1977, “Norma tecnológica de la edificación. Drenajes y avenamientos“.

1.2 DESCRIPTION: The work includes performing site preparation, excavation, filling, backfilling, compacting, and finished grading necessary to construct the finished grades indicated.

1.3 DEFINITIONS:

1.3.1 Backfill: Material used in refilling a cut or other excavation.

1.3.2 Compaction: The process of mechanically stabilizing a material by increasing its density at a controlled moisture condition. "Degree of Compaction" is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure described in UNE 103501-94 y ASTM D- 1557. Modified proctor test PM

1.3.3 Excavation: The removal of soil or hard material to obtain a specified depth of elevation.

1.3.4 Fill: Specified material placed at a specified degree of compaction to obtain an indicated grade or elevation.

1.3.5 Lift: A layer or course of soil placed on top of a previously prepared or placed soil in a fill.

1.3.6 Soil: The loose surface material of the earth resulting from the chemical and mechanical weathering of rock and organic material.

1.3.7 Subgrade: The bottom layer of material graded or otherwise prepared for supporting the addition of fill material, pavement courses, or a building slab.

1.3.8 Topsoil: In natural soil formations, the fine-grained, weathered material on the surface or directly below any loose or partially decomposed organic matter. Topsoil may be a dark-colored, fine, silty, or sandy material with a high content of well decomposed organic matter.

1.3.9 Unsatisfactory Material: Existing, in-situ soil or other material which can be identified as having insufficient strength characteristics or stability to carry intended loads in fill without excessive consolidation or loss of stability.

1.4 SUBMITTALS: Submit the following

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1.4.1 Reports:

a. Backfill material tests.

1.5 DELIVERY AND STORAGE: Deliver and store materials in a manner to prevent contamination or segregation.

1.6 SITE CONDITIONS:

1.6.1 Utilities: Contact the Contracting Officer 72 hours prior to construction for the location of all existing underground utilities. Excavation made with power-driven equipment is not permitted within 60 cm of any known utility or subsurface construction. For work immediately adjacent to or for excavations exposing a utility or other buried obstruction use hand excavation.

Support uncovered lines or other existing work as affected by the contract excavation until approval for backfill is granted by the Contracting Officer. Report damage to utility lines or subsurface construction immediately to the Contracting Officer.

2.1 BACKFILL MATERIAL: Free of debris, roots, scrap material, vegetation, refuse, soft unsound particles, and deleterious or objectionable materials.

2.1.1 Select Granular Backfill: To be used as subbase below concrete slabs and where indicated in drawings. The material will have the gradation characteristics as follows:

• Organic matter content below zero at two percent (MO < 2%), according to UNE 103204.

• Gypsum content less than five percent (gypsum < 5%), according to NLT 115.

• Content in other water-soluble salts other than gypsum less than one percent (SS < 1%), according to NLT 114.

• Liquid limit less than thirty (LL < 65), according to UNE 103103.

• If the liquid limit is greater than 40 (LL > 40), the plasticity index shall be greater than 73 per cent of the value resulting from subtracting 20 to the liquid limit (IP > 0,73 (LL-20)

• Seat in collapse test less than one percent (1%), according to NLT 254, for sample towed according to the normal proctor test UNE 103500, and test pressure of two-tenths megapascal (0.2 MPa).

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• Free swelling according to UNE 103601 less than three percent (3%), for sample towed according to the test Normal Proctor UNE 103500.

• Maximum size not exceeding one hundred millimeters (Dmax # 100 mm).

• Screened by the sieve 2 UNE, less than eighty percent (#2 < 80%).

• Sieved by the 0.40 UNE sieve, less than seventy-five percent (# 0.40 < 75%).

• Sieved 0.080 UNE less than 25% (# 0.080 < 35%).

2.1.2 Soil Materials: Maximum particle size permitted is 7,5 cm. Use excavated materials from the site for the work indicated when material falls within requirements specified herein.

2.1.2.1 General Backfill Beside Structures: No soft, spongy, highly plastic or otherwise unstable material is permitted. Material shall be unclassified but shall contain sufficient fines to ensure proper compaction.

2.1.2.2 Topsoil: Provide salvaged topsoil. Provide additional topsoil from approved sources off the Base if salvaged topsoil is not sufficient to complete all indicated topsoil work.

2.1.3 Common Fill: To be used in trenches with no paving or slabs above. Approved and classified soil material with the following characteristics:

Maximum size: 7.5 cm Amount of material passing no. 200 sieve: < than 25% Liquid limits: < 50 Plasticity index: < 25 California bearing ratio: > 8

2.2 BURIED WARNING AND IDENTIFICATION TAPE: Warning tape manufactured specifically for warning and identification of buried utility lines. Provide tape on rolls, 7.5 cm minimum width, color coded as specified below for the intended utility with warning and identification imprinted in bold black letters continuously over the entire tape length. Warning and identification to read, "CAUTION, BURIED (intended service) LINE BELOW" or similar wording. Color and printing shall be permanent, unaffected by moisture or soil.

Warning Tape Color Codes

Yellow Electric Blue Water Brown Sewer

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Green Telephone

2.2.1 Warning Tape for Metallic Piping: Acid and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of tape shall be 0.07 millimeters. Tape shall have a minimum strength of 1500 psi (105 Kg/cm²) lengthwise and 1250 psi (87 Kg/cm²) crosswise, with a maximum 350% elongation.

2.2.2 Warning Tape for Non-Metallic Piping: Polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of tape shall be 0.10 millimeters. Tape shall have a minimum strength of 1500 psi (105 Kg/cm²) lengthwise and 1250 psi (87 Kg/cm²) crosswise. Tape shall be manufactured with integral wires, foil backing, or other means of enabling detection by a metal detector when tape is buried up to 90 centimeters deep.

Encase metallic element of the tape in a protective jacket or provide with other means of corrosion protection.

3.1 PROTECTION:

3.1.1 Shoring and Sheeting: Provide shoring and sheeting where indicated or required to accomplish the following:

a. Prevent undermining of pavements, foundations and slabs

b. Slope banks where space permits; maximum slope 2:1 or provide shoring. For trenches to a depth of 1 m, maximum slope will be 1:1.

3.1.2 Dewatering: Dispose of surface water which may accumulate in open excavations, unfinished fills, or other low areas. Remove water by trenching where approved, pumping, or other methods to prevent softening of exposed surfaces. Collect and dispose of surface water.

3.1.3 Protection and Restoration of Surfaces: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, erosion, and settlements. Repair and reestablish damaged or eroded slopes, elevations or grades prior to acceptance. Protect existing streams, ditches and storm drain inlets from water-borne soil.

3.1.3.1 Disposal of Excavated Materials: Dispose of excavated material in such a manner that it will not obstruct the flow of streams, endanger a partly finished structure, impair the efficiency or appearance of facilities, or be detrimental to the completed work.

3.2 SURFACE PREPARATION:

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3.2.1 Clearing and Grubbing: Unless indicated otherwise, remove trees, logs, stumps, shrubs, and brush within the limits of construction. Protect from damage trees and shrubs which are indicated to be saved or which are outside the limits of construction. Brush, refuse, stumps, roots, and timber shall become the property of the Contractor and removed from the Base.

3.2.2 Stockpiling Topsoil: Strip approved topsoil to a depth of 10 cm from the site where excavation or grading is indicated and stockpile separately from other excavated material. Locate topsoil so that the material can be used again for the finished grading. Protect and store in segregated piles until needed.

3.2.3 Unsatisfactory Material: Remove organic matter, sod, muck, and rubbish under embankments which are less than 0.90 m in thickness and under pavements or slabs on grade.

3.3 EXCAVATION: Excavate to the contours, elevations, and dimensions indicated.

Keep excavations free from water while construction is in progress. Refill excavations cut below the depths indicated with fill and compact 98% PM maximum density or as specified herein. Refill excavations cut below the depths indicated with granular subbase and compact as specified herein.

Excavate soil disturbed or weakened by the Contractor's operations and soils permitted to soften from exposure to weather.

3.3.1 Excavations for Structures and Foundations: Excavate to depths indicated. If excavation is deeper than indicated then fill with lean concrete when the foundations are placed.

3.3.2 Shoring and Sheeting: Shore and sheet excavations with members sized and arranged to prevent injury to persons and damage to structures. Also arrange shoring and sheeting to preclude injurious caving during removal.

3.3.3 Pipe Trenches: Excavate to the dimensions indicated. Grade bottom of trenches to provide uniform support for each section of pipe after pipe bedding placement.

3.4 BORROW MATERIALS: Select borrow materials to meet requirements and conditions of the fill or backfill materials to be used. Obtain borrow materials from sources off the Base.

3.5 FILLING AND BACKFILLING: Fill and backfill to contours, elevations, and dimensions indicated. Compact each layer before placing next one.

3.5.1 Subgrade Preparation: Scarify the subgrade surface to a depth of 20 cm before the fill is started. Step, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than one vertical to 4 horizontal so that the fill material will bond with or be securely keyed to the existing material. Scarify existing surface, where filling and backfilling are not necessary, to a minimum depth of 20 cm if subgrade density is less than the degree of compaction specified and recompact. When the subgrade is part

31 23 00 00 20 - 7 fill and part excavation or ground, scarify the excavated ground portion to a depth of 20 cm and recompact as specified for the fill. Compact with equipment well suited to the soil being compacted. Moisten or aerate material as necessary to provide the moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining the specified compaction with the equipment used.

3.5.2 Fill and Backfill Beside Structures: Place required backfill adjacent to structures and compact in a manner that prevents wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structures. Step or serrate slopes bounding or within areas to be backfilled to prevent sliding of the fill. Do not use equipment for backfilling operations or for the formation of embankments against structures that will overload the structure.

3.5.3 General Fill and Backfill: Construct fill and backfill at the locations and to lines and grades indicated. Use only approved materials in constructing fill on the prepared subgrade. Place satisfactory material in horizontal lifts not exceeding 15 cm in loose depth. Do not place material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost. Compact with equipment well suited to the soil being compacted. Moisten or aerate material as necessary to provide the moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining the specified compaction with the equipment used. Compact each lift as specified before placing the overlaying lift. Backfill as rapidly as construction, testing, and acceptance of work permits.