13-Attachment B - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 110.pdf

Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

®NFPA

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110-1

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Copyright © 2018 National Fire Protection Association®. All Rights Reserved.

NFPA® 110

Standard for

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

2019 Edition

This edition of NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Emergency Power Supplies and released by the Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code®. It was acted on by NFPA at its June Association Technical Meeting held June 11-14, 2018, in Las Vegas, NV. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 14, 2018, with an effective date of September 3, 2018, and supersedes all previous editions.

This edition of NFPA 110 was approved as an American National Standard on September 3, 2018.

Origin and Development of NFPA 110

The Technical Committee on Emergency Power Supplies was organized in 1976 by NFPA in recognition of the demand for viable guidelines for the assembly, installation, and performance of electrical power systems used to supply critical and essential needs during outages of the primary power source. The intent was to establish the equipment requirements necessary to achieve an on-site auxiliary electrical power source suitable to the needs of the applicable requirements and user criteria.

In 1979, the committee’s report proposing adoption of NFPA 110 was published but withdrawn because of issues involving the scope of the committee. In 1981, a revised report was returned to the committee to resolve differences with other NFPA documents. At the 1982 NFPA Fall Meeting, the committee’s report was adopted as a tentative standard (NFPA 110T-1983) to expose the document to public review.

NFPA 110 was formally adopted as a standard at the 1984 NFPA Fall Meeting and designated as the 1985 edition, which clarified scope statements, prototype testing, battery and bypass-isolation switch requirements, and revised maintenance requirements.

The 1988 edition included several new definitions and further clarified transfer switch and installation testing requirements.

The 1993 edition reflected the adoption of NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, a basic requirement for one-step loading for all prime movers, an update on battery technology, restrictions on unnecessary transferring of loads, and the need for battery maintenance.

The 1996 edition added revised monthly load testing requirements for generator sets, consideration for potential wet stacking, various types of fuel tanks and spillage considerations, restrictions on the types of permitted batteries, and working space requirements. It also clarified the minimum number of cranks that an engine must be capable of completing, cooling system requirements, and timing devices in health care facilities for testing a generator.

The 1999 edition deleted the testing of generator sets at 50 percent of the emergency power supply system load because the relevant measure is the nameplate rating. The exception for wet stacking was also deleted. Exhaust temperature monitoring was added because it is an acceptable performance measure of proper emergency power supply loading.

The 2002 edition was restructured to comply with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. Introductory material in Chapter 1 was formatted for consistency among all NFPA documents. Referenced publications were relocated from the last chapter to Chapter 2, resulting in the renumbering of chapters. Definitions in Chapter 3 were made consistent with definitions in other NFPA documents, systematically aligned, and individually numbered. Paragraphs were revised to provide one mandatory requirement per section, subsection, or paragraph. Information that

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EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS110-2

2019 Edition accompanied many of the requirements was moved to Annex A, Explanatory Material. Many exceptions were deleted or rephrased into mandatory text.

Changes in the 2002 edition included definitive and broad-based requirements regarding electrical installations in accordance with NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®; additional EPS controls and safeguards, such as alerting staff of impending failure of the EPS to start; access and working space around the generator set; ventilation; energy converters; and EPSS testing requirements.

The 2005 edition revised clearance distances between transfer switches and service equipment, revised the definitions for both lead-acid (flooded) and valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, and changed the testing and maintenance section to include testing for spark-ignited engines that parallels those for diesel. Changes also included new annex material for diesel fuel testing and maintenance procedures, as well as transfer switches.

Significant revisions to the 2010 edition included the following:

(1) Clarified that the requirements to systems classed as optional standby is not mandatory

(2) Clarified that the operation testing and routine maintenance requirements of Chapter 8 cover both new and existing

EPSSs

(3) Aligned the definitions of transfer switch types with NFPA 111 and relevant product standards

(4) Revised the Chapter 7 requirements for acceptance testing and differentiated what is required for new and unoccupied buildings and facilities from what is required for existing occupied buildings and facilities

(5) Revised the Chapter 8 requirements for operational test durations, loading conditions, and method of test initiation for the emergency power supply

A noteworthy change for the 2013 edition was the deletion of the mandatory 96-hour fuel supply requirement (5.1.2) for seismic categories. The need for continued operation and the minimum operational time without refueling is a design consideration or is directed by another standard. Several references to ASTM standards and additional annex material were added to address fuel quality and storage issues. The prime mover cooling and ventilation system construction and installation requirements were reorganized.

The 2016 edition was revised to prohibit the installation of an automatically actuated valve into the fuel lines to prevent the inadvertent cutoff of fuel at critical times. The proper operation of systems connected in parallel was addressed by adding acceptance testing and maintenance items for paralleling gear. To test all transfer switches, a requirement to rotate the transfer switch initiating the monthly test was added where multiple transfer switches are installed. A new section was added to consolidate record management and define record retention requirements.

For the 2019 edition, several existing requirements have been clarified to assist users with the proper application.

Clarifications include the location and access to the remote emergency stop switch, testing of fuel in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations in lieu of an ASTM standard, and battery charger specifications.

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COMMITTEE PERSONNEL 110-3

Correlating Committee on National Electrical Code®

Michael J. Johnston, Chair National Electrical Contractors Association, MD [IM]

Mark W. Earley, Secretary National Fire Protection Association, MA

James E. Brunssen, Telcordia Technologies (Ericsson), NJ [UT] Rep. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions

Kevin L. Dressman, U.S. Department of Energy, MD [U] Palmer L. Hickman, Electrical Training Alliance, MD [L]

Rep. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers David L. Hittinger, Independent Electrical Contractors of Greater Cincinnati, OH [IM]

Rep. Independent Electrical Contractors, Inc.

Richard A. Holub, The DuPont Company, Inc., DE [U]

Rep. American Chemistry Council

John R. Kovacik, UL LLC, IL [RT] Alan Manche, Schneider Electric, KY [M] Roger D. McDaniel, Georgia Power Company, GA [UT]

Rep. Electric Light & Power Group/EEI James F. Pierce, Intertek Testing Services, OR [RT] Vincent J. Saporita, Eaton’s Bussmann Business, MO [M]

Rep. National Electrical Manufacturers Association David A. Williams, Delta Charter Township, MI [E]

Rep. International Association of Electrical Inspectors

Alternates

Lawrence S. Ayer, Biz Com Electric, Inc., OH [IM] (Alt. to David L. Hittinger)

Roland E. Deike, Jr., CenterPoint Energy, Inc., TX [UT] (Alt. to Roger D. McDaniel)

James T. Dollard, Jr., IBEW Local Union 98, PA [L] (Alt. to Palmer L. Hickman)

Ernest J. Gallo, Telcordia Technologies (Ericsson), NJ [UT] (Alt. to James E. Brunssen)

Robert A. McCullough, Tuckerton, NJ [E] (Alt. to David A. Williams)

Robert D. Osborne, UL LLC, NC [RT] (Alt. to John R. Kovacik)

Christine T. Porter, Intertek Testing Services, WA [RT] (Alt. to James F. Pierce)

George A. Straniero, AFC Cable Systems, Inc., NJ [M] (Alt. to Vincent J. Saporita)

Nonvoting

Timothy J. Pope, Canadian Standards Association, Canada [SE] Rep. CSA/Canadian Electrical Code Committee

William R. Drake, Fairfield, CA [M] (Member Emeritus)

D. Harold Ware, Libra Electric Company, OK [IM] (Member Emeritus)

Mark W. Earley, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.

Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on minimizing the risk of electricity as a source of electric shock and as a potential ignition source of fires and explosions. It shall also be responsible for text to minimize the propagation of fire and explosions due to electrical installations.

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EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS110-4

Technical Committee on Emergency Power Supplies

Dan Chisholm, Sr., Chair MGI Systems, Inc., FL [IM]

Ernest E. Allen, The Doctors Company, OH [I] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section

Kenneth A. Cotton, U.S. Energy/Donlee Crop, CA [M] Jason D’Antona, Thompson Consultants, Inc., MA [SE] David A. Dagenais, Partners/Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, NH [U] Richard L. Day, Michigan State Fire Marshal’s Office, MI [E] Dennis DeMoss, Sargent & Lundy, IL [SE] Louis J. Feller, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, WA [U] James R. (Skip) Gregory, Health Facility Consulting, FL [E]

Rep. Florida Agency for Health Care Administration Ross M. Hardy, The University of Michigan Medical Center, MI [U] Jonathan Hartsell, Rodgers, NC [IM] Oleh Kowalskyj, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, DC [U]

Rep. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Pouyan Layegh, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX [U]

Chad E. Loomis, Cornell University, NY [U] Alan Manche, Schneider Electric, KY [M]

Dermott Murphy, Washington State Patrol - Fire Prevention Bureau, WA [E]

Hugh O. Nash, Jr., Nash-Consult, TN [SE] Daniel J. O’Connor, JENSEN HUGHES, IL [SE] Gary L. Olson, kW Rx, LLC, MN [SE] Steve R. Sappington, Caterpillar Inc., GA [M] Ronald A. Schroeder, ASCO Power Technologies, LP, NJ [M] Randy H. Schubert, Ericsson, NJ [U]

Rep. Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Ronald M. Smidt, Carolinas HealthCare System, NC [U]

Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Raymond J. Stanko, UL LLC, IL [RT] David Stymiest, Smith Seckman Reid, Inc., TN [SE] Herbert V. Whittall, Electrical Generating Systems Association, FL [M] Timothy P. Windey, Cummins Power Generation, MN [M] Stephen Works, Blanchard Machinery, SC [IM]

Alternates

Raymond J. Battalora, JENSEN HUGHES, TX [SE] (Alt. to Daniel J. O’Connor)

Dan Chisholm, Jr., MGI Systems, Inc., FL [IM] (Alt. to Dan Chisholm, Sr.)

Joshua Dugger, Facility Shield International, CA [M] (Alt. to Kenneth A. Cotton)

Brian J. Escott, ASCO Power Technologies, NJ [M] (Alt. to Ronald A. Schroeder)

James Hunt, Hostrat Inc., WA [M] (Alt. to Herbert V. Whittall)

Richard G. Kluge, Ericsson, NJ [U] (Alt. to Randy H. Schubert)

Gary Krauch, Virginia New England Healthcare System, MA [U] (Alt. to Oleh Kowalskyj)

Michael J. Lang, Mersen, GA [M] (Voting Alt.)

Rich Scroggins, Cummins Power Generation, MN [M] (Voting Alt.)

David C. Skiba, Sargent & Lundy LLC, IL [SE] (Alt. to Dennis DeMoss)

Bogue M. Waller, Gresham Smith & Partners, TN [SE] (Alt. to Hugh O. Nash, Jr.)

Nonvoting

William H. Everard, Everard Mid Atlantic Inc., VA [SE] (Member Emeritus)

Christopher Coache, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition.

Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on performance criteria for the selection and assembly of the components for emergency and standby power systems in buildings and facilities, including categories of power supplies, transfer equipment, controls, supervisory equipment, and all related electrical and mechanical auxiliary or accessory equipment needed to supply emergency or standby power to the utilization equipment. The Committee also shall be responsible for criteria on the maintenance and testing of the system. This Committee does not cover requirements for the application of emergency power systems, self-contained emergency lighting units, and electrical wiring, except that wiring that is an integral part of the system up to the load side of the transfer switch(es). This Committee shall report to Correlating Committee of the National Electrical Code®.

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CONTENTS 110-5

Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ............................................ 110– 6

1.1 Scope. ................................................................... 110– 6

1.2 Purpose. ............................................................... 110– 6

1.3 Application. .......................................................... 110– 6

1.4 Equivalency. ......................................................... 110– 6

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ............................ 110– 6

2.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 6

2.2 NFPA Publications. .............................................. 110– 6

2.3 Other Publications. ............................................. 110– 7

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. 110– 7

Chapter 3 Definitions ................................................... 110– 7

3.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 7

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. .................................. 110– 7

3.3 General Definitions. ............................................ 110– 7

Chapter 4 Classification of Emergency Power Supply Systems (EPSSs) .......................................... 110– 8

4.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 8

4.2 Class. ..................................................................... 110– 8

4.3 Type. ..................................................................... 110– 8

4.4 Level. .................................................................... 110– 8

Chapter 5 Emergency Power Supply (EPS): Energy Sources, Converters, and Accessories ....... 110– 8

5.1 Energy Sources. ................................................... 110– 8

5.2 Energy Converters — General. ........................... 110– 8

5.3 Energy Converters — Temperature

Maintenance. ....................................................... 110– 9

5.4 Energy Converters — Capacity. .......................... 110– 9

5.5 Energy Converters — Fuel Supply. ..................... 110– 9

5.6 Rotating Equipment. ........................................... 110– 9

Chapter 6 Transfer Switch Equipment ........................ 110– 14

6.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 14

6.2 ATS Features. ....................................................... 110– 14

6.3 Requirements for Paralleled Generator Sets. .... 110– 15

6.4 Bypass-Isolation Switches. ................................... 110– 15

6.5 Protection. ........................................................... 110– 15

Chapter 7 Installation and Environmental Considerations ............................................ 110– 15

7.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 15

7.2 Location. .............................................................. 110– 16

7.3 Lighting. ............................................................... 110– 16

7.4 Mounting. ............................................................ 110– 16

7.5 Vibration. ............................................................. 110– 16

7.6 Noise. .................................................................... 110– 16

7.7 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating. .................... 110– 16

7.8 Installed EPS Cooling System. ............................ 110– 17

7.9 Fuel System. ......................................................... 110– 17

7.10 Exhaust System. ................................................... 110– 18

7.11 Protection. ........................................................... 110– 18

7.12 Distribution. ......................................................... 110– 18

7.13 Installation Acceptance. ...................................... 110– 19

Chapter 8 Routine Maintenance and Operational Testing ......................................................... 110– 20

8.1 General. ................................................................ 110– 20

8.2 Manuals, Special Tools, and Spare Parts. ........... 110– 20

8.3 Maintenance and Operational Testing. ............. 110– 20

8.4 Operational Inspection and Testing. ................. 110– 20

8.5 Records. ................................................................ 110– 21

Annex A Explanatory Material .................................. 110– 22

Annex B Diagrams of Typical Systems ...................... 110– 35

Annex C Informational References .......................... 110– 39

Index ..................................................................... 110– 41

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EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS110-6

2019 Edition Shaded text = Revisions. Δ = Text deletions and figure/table revisions. • = Section deletions. N = New material.

NFPA 110

Standard for

Emergency and Standby Power Systems

2019 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers or obtained on request from NFPA.

UPDATES, ALERTS, AND FUTURE EDITIONS: New editions of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (i.e., NFPA Standards) are released on scheduled revision cycles. This edition may be superseded by a later one, or it may be amended outside of its scheduled revision cycle through the issuance of Tenta‐ tive Interim Amendments (TIAs). An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document, together with all TIAs and Errata in effect. To verify that this document is the current edition or to determine if it has been amended by TIAs or Errata, please consult the National Fire Codes® Subscription Service or the “List of NFPA Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org/docinfo.

In addition to TIAs and Errata, the document information pages also include the option to sign up for alerts for individual documents and to be involved in the development of the next edition.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in informational sections are given in Annex C. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph references and other references as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee respon‐ sible for the source document.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex C.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope. This standard contains requirements covering the

performance of emergency and standby power systems provid‐ ing an alternate source of electrical power to loads in buildings and facilities in the event that the primary power source fails.

1.1.1 Power systems covered in this standard include power

sources, transfer equipment, controls, supervisory equipment, and all related electrical and mechanical auxiliary and acces‐ sory equipment needed to supply electrical power to the load terminals of the transfer equipment.

1.1.2 This standard covers installation, maintenance, opera‐

tion, and testing requirements as they pertain to the perform‐ ance of the emergency power supply system (EPSS).

1.1.3 This standard does not cover the following:

(1) Application of the EPSS

(2) Emergency lighting unit equipment

(3) Distribution wiring

(4) Utility service when such service is permitted as the EPSS

(5) Parameters for stored energy devices

(6) The equipment of systems that are not classed as Level 1 or Level 2 systems in accordance with Chapter 4 of this standard

1.1.4* This standard does not establish criteria for stored energy systems.

1.1.5 The selection of any of the following is not within the scope of this standard:

(1) Specific buildings or facilities, or both, requiring an EPSS

(2) Specific loads to be served by the EPSS (3)* Assignment of type, class, or level to any specific load

1.2 Purpose. This standard contains performance require‐

ments for an EPSS.

1.2.1 It is the role of other NFPA standards to specify which occupancies require an EPSS and the applicable level, type, and class. This standard does not specify where an EPSS is required.

1.2.2 This standard also is intended to provide guidance for

inspectors, designers, installers, manufacturers, and users of EPSSs and to serve as a vehicle for communication between the parties involved. It is not intended as a design manual.

1.2.3 Compliance with this standard is not intended to

exempt the parties involved from their respective responsibili‐ ties for the design, installation, maintenance, performance, or compliance with other applicable standards and codes.

1.3 Application. This document applies to new installations of EPSSs, except that the requirements of Chapter 8 shall apply to new and existing systems. Existing systems shall not be required to be modified to conform, except where the authority having jurisdiction determines that nonconformity presents a distinct hazard to life.

1.4 Equivalency. Nothing in this standard is intended to

prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durabil‐ ity, and safety to those prescribed by this standard.

1.4.1* Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency.

1.4.2 The system, method, or device shall be approved for the intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document.

2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2018 edition.

NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, 2018 edition.

NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2018 edition.

NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, 2017 edition.

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DEFINITIONS 110-7

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NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2017 edition.

NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code®, 2016 edition.

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, 2018 edition.

NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection

Systems, 2017 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 ASCE Publications. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191.

ASCE/SEI 7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 2010.

2.3.2 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam- Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 1, Fire Code, 2018 edition.

NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, 2017 edition.

NFPA 790, Standard for Competency of Third-Party Field Evalua‐ tion Bodies, 2018 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall

apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdic‐ tion.

3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.3 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been

attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organ‐ ization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains peri‐ odic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materi‐ als, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

3.2.4* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evalua‐ tion of services, and whose listing states that either the equip‐ ment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

3.2.5 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

3.2.6 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is

advised but not required.

3.2.7 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which

contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3.1* Battery Certification. The certification by a battery manufacturer that a battery is built to industry standards.

3.3.2 Black Start. Where the stored energy system has the

capability to start the prime mover without using energy from another source.

3.3.3* Emergency Power Supply (EPS). The source of electric power of the required capacity and quality for an emergency power supply system (EPSS).

3.3.4* Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS). A complete functioning EPS system coupled to a system of conductors, disconnecting means and overcurrent protective devices, trans‐ fer switches, and all control, supervisory, and support devices up to and including the load terminals of the transfer equip‐ ment needed for the system to operate as a safe and reliable source of electric power.

N 3.3.5 Field Evaluation Body (FEB). An organization, or part of an organization, that performs field evaluations of electrical or other equipment. [790, 2018]

N 3.3.6 Field Labeled (as applied to evaluated products). Equip‐ ment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an FEB indicating the equipment or materials were evaluated and found to comply with require‐ ments as described in an accompanying field evaluation report.

[70:100]

3.3.7 Fuel Tank.

3.3.7.1 Day Fuel Tank. A fuel tank, located inside a struc‐

ture, that provides fuel to the engine.

3.3.7.2 Enclosed Fuel Tank. A fuel tank located within a

separate room, separated from other equipment.

3.3.7.3 Integral Fuel Tank in EPS Systems. A fuel tank

furnished by the EPS supplier and mounted on the engine or under as a subbase.

3.3.7.4 Main Fuel Tank. A separate, main fuel tank for

supplying fuel to the engine or a day tank.

3.3.8 Lamp. An illuminating indicator.

3.3.9 Lead-Acid Battery.

3.3.9.1* Valve-Regulated (VRLA). A lead-acid battery consist‐ ing of sealed cells furnished with a valve that opens to vent

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EMERGENCY AND STANDBY POWER SYSTEMS110-8

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the battery whenever the internal pressure of the battery exceeds the ambient pressure by a set amount. [1, 2018]

3.3.9.2* Vented (Flooded). A lead-acid battery consisting of cells that have electrodes immersed in liquid electrolyte.

3.3.10 Occupancy Category. See ASCE/SEI 7, Minimum

Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures.

3.3.11 Qualified Person. One who has skills and knowledge

related to the operation, maintenance, repair, and testing of the EPSS equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved.

3.3.12 Switch.

3.3.12.1 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). Self-acting equip‐

ment for transferring the connected load from one power source to another power source.

3.3.12.2 Bypass-Isolation Switch. A manually operated

device used in conjunction with an automatic transfer switch to provide a means of directly connecting load conductors to a power source and disconnecting the automatic transfer switch.

3.3.12.3 Nonautomatic Transfer Switch. A device, operated

manually by a physical action or electrically by either a local or remote control, for transferring a common load between a normal and alternate supply.

Chapter 4 Classification of Emergency Power Supply Systems (EPSSs)

4.1* General. The EPSS shall provide a source of electrical power of required capacity, reliability, and quality to loads for a length of time as specified in Table 4.1(a) and within a speci‐ fied time following loss or failure of the normal power supply as specified in Table 4.1(b).

4.2* Class. The class defines the minimum time, in hours, for which the EPSS is designed to operate at its rated load without being refueled or recharged. [See Table 4.1(a).]

Table 4.1(a) Classification of EPSSs

Class Minimum Time

Class 0.083 0.083 hr (5 min) Class 0.25 0.25 hr (15 min) Class 2 2 hr Class 6 6 hr Class 48 48 hr Class X Other time, in hours, as required by the application, code, or user

Table 4.1(b) Types of EPSSs

Designation Power Restoration

Type U Basically uninterruptible (UPS systems) Type 10 10 sec Type 60 60 sec Type 120 120 sec Type M Manual stationary or nonautomatic — no time limit

4.3 Type. The type defines the maximum time, in seconds, that the EPSS will permit the load terminals of the transfer switch to be without acceptable electrical power. Table 4.1(b) provides the types defined by this standard.

4.4* Level. This standard recognizes two levels for equipment installation, performance, and maintenance requirements.

4.4.1* Level 1 systems shall be installed where failure of the equipment to perform could result in loss of human life or seri‐ ous injuries.

4.4.2* Level 2 systems shall be installed where failure of the EPSS to perform is less critical to human life and safety.

4.4.3* All equipment shall be permanently installed.

4.4.4* Level 1 and Level 2 systems shall ensure that all loads served by the EPSS are supplied with alternate power that meets all the following criteria:

(1) Of a quality within the operating limits of the load

(2) For a duration specified for the class as defined in Table

4.1(a)

(3) Within the time specified for the type as defined in Table

4.1(b)

Chapter 5 Emergency Power Supply (EPS): Energy Sources, Converters, and Accessories

5.1 Energy Sources.

5.1.1* The following energy sources shall be permitted to be used for the emergency power supply (EPS):

(1)* Liquid petroleum products at atmospheric pressure as specified in the appropriate ASTM standards and as recommended by the engine manufacturer

(2)* Liquefied petroleum gas (liquid or vapor withdrawal) as specified in the appropriate ASTM standards and as recommended by the engine manufacturer

(3)* Natural or synthetic gas

Exception: For Level 1 installations in locations where the probability of interruption of off-site fuel supplies is high, on-site storage of an alter‐ nate energy source sufficient to allow full output of the EPSS to be deliv‐ ered for the class specified shall be required, with the provision for automatic transfer from the primary energy source to the alternate energy source.

5.1.2 The energy sources listed in 5.1.1 shall be permitted to be used for the EPS where the primary source of power is by means of on-site energy conversion, provided that there is sepa‐ rately dedicated energy conversion equipment on-site with a capacity equal to the power needs of the EPSS.

5.1.3* A public electric utility that has a demonstrated reliabil‐ ity shall be permitted to be used as the EPS where the primary source is by means of on-site energy conversion.

5.2 Energy Converters — General.

5.2.1 Energy converters shall consist only of rotating equip‐ ment as indicated in 5.2.4.

5.2.1.1 Level 1 energy converters shall be representative prod‐ ucts built from components that have proven compatibility and reliability and are coordinated to operate as a unit.

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EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY (EPS): ENERGY SOURCES, CONVERTERS, AND ACCESSORIES 110-9

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5.2.1.2 The capability of the energy converter, with its controls and accessories, to survive without damage from common and abnormal disturbances in actual load circuits shall be demon‐ strable by tests on separate prototype models, or by acceptable tests on the system components as performed by the compo‐ nent suppliers, or by tests performed in the listing process for the assembly.

5.2.1.3 A separate prototype unit shall be permitted to be

utilized in a Level 1 or Level 2 installation, provided that all prototype tests produce no deleterious effects on the unit, and the authority having jurisdiction, the owner, and the user are informed that the unit is the prototype test unit.

5.2.2* The rotating equipment prototype unit shall be tested with all typical prime mover accessories that affect its power output in place and operating, including, but not limited to, the following:

(1) Battery-charging alternator

(2) Water pump

(3) Radiator fan for unit-mounted radiators or oil coolers (or comparable load)

(4) Fuel pump and fuel filter(s)

(5) Air filter(s)

(6) Exhaust mufflers or restriction simulating the maximum backpressure recommended by the prime mover manu‐ facturer

5.2.3 The energy converter for Level 1 systems shall be specifi‐ cally designed, assembled, and tested to ensure system opera‐ tion under the following conditions:

(1) Short circuits

(2) Load surges due to motor starting

(3) Elevator operations

(4) Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) controllers

(5) X-ray equipment

(6) Overspeed, overtemperature, or overload

(7) Adverse environmental conditions

5.2.4 Rotating equipment shall consist of a generator driven

by one of the following prime mover types:

(1) Otto cycle (spark ignited)

(2) Diesel cycle

(3) Gas turbine cycle

5.2.4.1 Other types of prime movers and their associated

equipment meeting the applicable performance requirements of this standard shall be permitted, if acceptable to the author‐ ity having jurisdiction.

5.2.4.2 Where used for Level 1 applications, the prime mover

shall not mechanically drive any equipment other than its oper‐ ating accessories and its generator.

Δ 5.2.5 The EPS shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 70.

Exception: When a listing process is not available for the engine-generator assembly, a field evaluation body acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to affix a field label.

5.3 Energy Converters — Temperature Maintenance.

5.3.1 The EPS shall be heated as necessary to maintain the

water jacket and battery temperature determined by the EPS manufacturer for cold start and load acceptance for the type of

EPSS.

5.3.2 All prime mover heaters shall be automatically deactiva‐ ted while the prime mover is running. (For combustion turbines, see 5.3.5.)