OSAN_AB_Architectural_Compatibility_Plan.pdf

1 Mar 2008

Osan AFB Architectural Compatibility

Plan

5 1 S T C I V I L E N G I N E E R S Q U A D R O N

51st Fighter Wing

Unit 2129

Osan AB Korea

APO AREA PACIFIC 96278-2129

Phone (DSN)784-3934 • Fax 784-9192

Table of Content

C H A P T E R 1

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y

Purpose

Audience

Use

Implementation

Organization

C H A P T E R 2

P R I M E R

What is Architectural Compatibility?

Visual Elements

Theme

Scale

Form

Articulation

Materials / Color / Fenestration /

Details

Additional Design Consideration

Renovation / Rehabilitation /

Maintenance / Operations

Visual Patterns

Design Applications

Interface

Environment

Planning

Site Development

Interior Design

Obstacles

Lack of Awareness / Prevailing

Attitudes / Existing Conditions /

Funding Limitations

Opportunities

Assistance Team Program

Other

C H A P T E R 3

O S A N A F B S T A N D A R D S

Osan AFB Map

Planning Consideration

1. Exterior Standard

1-1 Objective

1-2 General

1-3 Exterior Wall Material

1-4 Door, Window and Entrance

1-5 Roof

1-6 Exterior Finish Color Scheme

1-6.1 Color Scheme

1-6.2 Accent Color

1-6.3 Requirements for

Miscellaneous Items and

Material Not To Be Painted

1-6.4 Requirements for

Miscellaneous Items and

Material To Be Painted

1-7 Exterior Signage

1-8 Exterior Graphics

2. Interior Standards

2-1 Objective

2-2 General Interior Layout

2-3 Structural Interior Design (SID) /

Comprehensive Interior Design

(CID)

2-4 Interior Signage

2-5 Interior Finishes

2-6 Interior Painting

2-7 Interior Finish Color Scheme

2-8 Floor Covering

General / Carpet / Hard Tile /

Hardwood / Vinyl and Rubber

Flooring / Concrete Finish Floor

2-9 Walls

Gypsum Wallboard / Corner and Wall

Protection / Wall Covering /

Acoustical Finishes / Miscellaneous

Finishes

2-10 Wall Base

Rubber base and Vinyl / Wood base /

Integral cove base / Cove style ceramic tile base

2-11 Ceilings

Acoustical Tile Ceilings / Exposed

Ceilings / Gypsum Wall Board

Ceilings

2-12 Doors

Door Hardware

2-13 Toilet Design

2-14 Furniture

2-15 Lightings

2-16 Facility Requirements

R E F E R E N C E AF Architectural Compatibility Design Guide AF Interior Design Guide PACAF Interior Design Guide

Executive Summary

Purpose Osan AFB Architectural Compatibility Plan is to establish and document base standards and provide a tool to assure these standards are consistently applied. This Plan strives to recognize the cultural, environmental, climatic and existing facility conditions peculiar to OSAN

AFB and define the appropriate styles, finishes, and materials to be used to achieve the best facility life-cycle costs and still retain the appropriate environment for people to achieve their highest productivity and efficiency.

Audience The primary audience for the Architectural Compatibility Plan is Osan

AFB leadership, and secondary audience includes the individuals involved in all phases of the facility design process. This includes architects, programmers, planners, designers, project managers and A/E consultants.

Use The Architectural Compatibility Plan is a tool to chart a course towards installation excellence and provides a means to assess the installation’s progress in achieving that end. The Architectural Compatibility Plan is intended to be used at all stages of the facility delivery process from programming through construction, and even operations and maintenance. It is essential that the Architectural Compatibility Plan be provided to the design agent and AE consultants early in the design process to assure that the entire design team understands the applicable design standards and objectives for the project.

Chapter

Implementation In order to ensure the Architectural Compatibility Plan is followed as projects are conceived, designed, and constructed, an Architect in 51st CES is the Architectural Compatibility Coordinator. This person reviews all projects that alter the appearance of the site for conformance with the

Architectural Compatibility Plan. The coordinator annually updates the

Architectural Compatibility Plan to ensure that it reflects the most current design objectives and standards for OSAN AFB.

Development of Standards: These Standards have been developed through an analysis of the base architecture and the various conditions and constraints which affect new construction and facility modification and maintenance. Base guidelines for an overall design theme will continue to be updated in the foreseeable future.

Data Sources: Information on the architectural environment was obtained by on-site analysis. Consultation with Base Civil Engineer staff was consulted to determine maintenance concerns and Air Force regulations and construction practices for the different level of construction projects.

Procedure: Under normal conditions there are changes in mission, regulations and even in construction practices which must be addressed. When changes occur they should be incorporated into these Standards. A review of the standards should be made annually to reaffirm relevancy and usefulness. Areas of change should be incorporated in an updated document or in an addendum to the basic Standards.

Organization The Architectural Compatibility Plan has been organized to promote ease of use and to be easily updated and expanded. The Chapter 3, Installation

Standards describes the standard character, assets, and liabilities on Osan

AFB.

O S A N A F B A R C H I T E C T U R A L C O M P A T I B I L I T Y P L A N

Primer his chapter is simply a tool to raise the awareness of the reader concerning the background and methodology for the architectural compatibility standards that follow

What is Architectural Compatibility?

Architectural compatible is generally defined as “capable of existing together in harmony, or to be consistent.” Architectural compatibility results from designing and building facilities in harmony with their natural and man-made surroundings and environment. Architectural compatibility would therefore be concerned not only with the physical appearance of buildings, but interfacing with planning, landscape development and interior design goals and objectives.

Architectural compatibility considerations are those planning and design factors that influence and enhance an installation’s physical appearance.

The decision as to what should be considered is determined by the situation and particular requirements of the installation, and the overall environment within which the installation exists.

Osan AFB should provide efficient and pleasant physical environments conducive to attracting and retaining skilled and motivated personnel. The design, location, and maintenance of individual elements such as buildings, roads, parking lots, signs, and landscaping create the quality of the environment. Each of the elements should be functional, attractive, and harmonious with each other. This helps to create an environment that enhances the capability of the installations to support their mission(s), and fosters pride in, and a commitment to, military service.

Developing an architectural compatibility program can be an invaluable tool in achieving the following:

Chapter

T

• Provide a record of established goals, objectives, and decisions leading to more consistent decisions when a change in installation leadership occurs.

• Improve the environment through the installation’s construction projects.

• Provide a mechanism for environmental design continuity.

• Develop a baseline for review and, of necessary, for changes that may occur as a result of redirection in goals and objectives.

• Establish consistency in installation development that takes into account all elements of the environment.

• Control design expression. These controls should not be so specific that design freedom is restricted. A designer should have sufficient latitude for creativity.

• Provide clear and consistent communication between the Air

Force as a client and designers whether they are in-house or contracted professionals.

• Improve programming and budgeting by limiting the range of options and promoting consistency.

• Impart a sense of pride, organization, vitality, and good management. The installation should convey the feeling that it is a good place to work and live. It should reflect a leadership that cares about its people.

The following sections define and discuss each of the three levels of considerations for developing architectural compatibility guidelines: visual elements and visual patterns. The visual elements working together will form larger scale visual patterns, which in turn establish the theme for a visual district.

Visual Elements The following visual elements establish the physical appearance and character of an individual building or group of buildings. They include:

Theme, Scale, Form, and Articulation.

Theme Theme is a combination of materials, texture, colors, form, type of construction, details, and building systems. Repetition of design elements in similar ways on separate buildings helps establish an architectural theme. A theme may be based on historical, cultural, technological, and other standards. Examples include Spanish, Western, Korean, modern, colonial and high-tech.

• A theme should not be arbitrarily chosen. A Spanish theme would not be appropriate in the Northeast.

• Themes may reflect energy consciousness through passive and active solar design; they may simply reflect an appreciation and respect for the natural beauty and resources native to a region.

• Themes should reflect the Osan AFB’s mission, heritage and regional characteristics, and emphasize human scale.

• Regional and local resources should be studied in evaluating existing themes. Materials that are native to the region should be used. Colors and textures should also be reflective of the region.

Details and type of construction should be characteristics of the area.

The theme must be considered when adding to, altering, maintaining and repairing facilities.

Scale Scale is a comparison of the dimensions of various components of a building to other related elements and to human dimensions. Scale also refers to the size relationships between adjacent buildings, and between buildings and adjacent open spaces.

• Proposed buildings should be scaled to be compatible with overall mass and individual parts of buildings in the visual district.

• New construction on the installation should avoid designs using one rectangular mass.

• Avoid vast blank building walls facing streets.

• Except for major buildings, the scale for all buildings should be human, not monumental. This human scale is achieved by using small (normal sized) windows, doors and details. It is also conveyed by using normal floor-to-floor heights and floor-to-eave heights.

• For large buildings, human scale is improved to the extent that the mass is broken into smaller elements.

Form Mass and shape define form. Mass refers to the volume defined by a structure relative to its surroundings and to its apparent solidity and weight. Shape is the complexity of the surface planes.

• Use a roof form and shape similar to adjacent buildings.

• Stress horizontal proportions in the design of the facade. Design windows, entrances and detailing to complement the horizontal proportions of the facade.

• Emphasize the parts of all buildings to clearly show a division of roof, walls and base. Utilize color, materials and/or details to express this division.

• Currently fashionable or “trendy” forms should be avoided.

• Major administrative buildings may have a more formal massing than any other building type, signifying their relative importance.

This can be achieved through a more balanced, symmetrical design with less articulation.

• Building entrances allow access into a building. The scale and detailing of an entrance gives the pedestrian a visual clue to identify the function and importance of a building. Building entrances should be readily distinguished as the “entrance” to all buildings.

• Locate primary building entrances to relate to adjacent building entrances and major pedestrian circulation routes.

• Locate main entrances away from service areas.

• Entrances should be an integral part of building design by means of: building recess, building projection, ornamental or decorative detailing, glazed areas.

• Location of building entrances should be a careful balance between the desired site arrangement and the internal layout of the building.

Articulation Articulation is the discreet visual definition of architectural systems from bottom to top. This promotes a discriminating use of materials, colors, fenestration and details.

Cohesive and consistent architectural character can be achieved in new construction through the use of exterior building materials that are similar to or compatible with adjacent buildings.

• A cluttered, cosmetic application of a number of different materials on a facade should be avoided.

• Materials should be used consistently on all facades of a building.

• Materials should be selected based upon their appropriateness to the building type, durability, climatic conditions and the prevailing architectural design and character of the installation.

• Materials distinctive to an established architectural character worthy of merit should be adhered to consistently throughout an installation. Deviations from established materials should not be allowed without good reason. However, an historic style should not be imitated where it is inconsistent with functional requirements and construction economies. The use of similar materials, complementary colors and a compatibly scaled building can successfully relate new buildings to an historical style or setting.

• For freestanding walls, use materials and colors similar to those on the main building.

Materials

Color is closely linked to the appropriate selection of exterior building materials and is a critical design element in relating adjacent buildings and creating a compatible visual environment within an installation.

• In general, colors should be integral rather than applied to exterior building materials. Avoid surfaces that require costly periodic repainting.

• Colors should be selected on the basis of the desired appearance and attractiveness of the building, its compatibility with adjacent building colors and the prevailing color scheme of the architectural and natural landscape character of Osan AFB.

• Exterior building colors should be limited in number and controlled by an established color palette for use throughout the installation as shown in Chapter 3-Osan AFB Standard-Exterior Paint Color and Finish.

• Strong, loud colors should generally be avoided and used only for special identification purposes; where they are employed they should not dominate or overpower the visual character of the setting.

• Exterior appurtenances should match the color they are set against, i.e. roof penetrations shall match the roof color, and items attached to or adjacent to walls should match the wall color. Posts, gas meters, and exposed piping should be of a uniform tone-down color. Downspouts should be visually integrated into the facility architecture. They should be specified to match or blend with the color of the adjacent wall material.

• Avoid the use of “supergraphics” painted on building facades.

The fenestration of a building is the openings within the building envelope.

Color

Fenestration

• Design openings to form a unified composition in proportion to the building elevation.

• Proportion and detail a building’s exterior fenestration to the scale of adjacent buildings.

• Window placement should relate to internal areas. Mullion shaping should provide a good module for internal layout of office space, entrances, common use areas, etc.

• Larger building facades with oversized fenestration elements tend to create a more monumental scale while smaller buildings with more finely detailed fenestration tend to create a more human scale.

Cohesive and consistent architectural character can be achieved in new construction through the use of details that are similar to or compatible with adjacent buildings. Visual clutter can be avoided by thoughtfully detailing or eliminating exterior appurtenances.

• Locate above-grade utility connections, vents and other projections through the building away from high-visibility areas.

Do not locate any utility projections, such as air conditioning units, on the street side of the building.

• Avoid exterior surface-mounted conduits, electrical boxes, etc.

• Roofs should be designed with the least number of penetrations possible. In this interest, rooftop mechanical systems should be avoided whenever possible. If rooftop units are unavoidable, mechanical roof “courtyards” should be considered to minimize visual impact.

Additional Design Considerations Additional design considerations should encompass the following:

• Renovation/Rehabilitation

• Maintenance/Operations

Details

Renovations provide the opportunity to change materials which are no longer serviceable and add form enriching elements which would result in a building more consistent with the character of the installation.

• Use exterior materials and details that are compatible with those of adjacent buildings. Architectural character, form and style must be especially compatible.

• In the construction of additions to existing buildings, use materials and details that are similar in color, texture and order to those on the existing building.

• Avoid the infill of windows and doorways except where dictated by security concerns.

Maintenance requirements need to be considered during the planning and design process for all buildings

• Design buildings to minimize life cycle cost, energy consumption and maintenance through the selection of proper materials and construction standards.

• Use materials with integral colors to minimize repainting.

Renovation/Rehabilitation

Maintenance/Operations

Visual Patterns For example, a particular type of fenestration on the exterior of a building is an element that if clearly defined and incorporated on a series of related buildings forms a pattern that is recognizable. If the pattern is an appropriate one and is well adapted across different buildings, it will be recognized as pleasing and contribute to the theme of the community as a whole.

Design Applications

• Design new buildings to promote a coherent architectural character by means of a compatible contemporary architectural design expression.

• Avoid trite cosmetic application of stylistic elements that allude to the architectural style of older installation buildings.

• Encourage variety that is compatible with the overall character of the installation; avoid promoting a rigidly homogeneous and monotonous architectural character.

• Avoid prefabricated or modular prototype building systems whose designs are out of context with the natural setting or architectural character of the installation; utilize only those building systems that can be adapted compatibly to the site and architectural character of the installation. Where procurement schedules or economics dictate the use of these building systems, select those of compatible design, scale, color and materials. Consider the use of plant material and screening walls to lessen any negative visual impact of these building systems.

Interfaces Achieving design excellence on Air Force installations means understanding the impact that architecture has on the overall visual quality of the installation and the interaction it has with several other design disciplines.

Environment In the process of implementing architectural compatibility initiatives, there is the opportunity to integrate environmentally responsible practices into the planning, design and construction process. True architectural compatibility embraces sustainable practices as integral to the facility

E L E M E N T S

M A K E U P

P A T T E R N S delivery process, ensuring the “best fit” of the built environment to the natural environment.

Planning Planning on the urban scale provides the underlying structure for installation development. The architecture should individually and as a whole reinforce the unifying elements of the General Plan. Design excellence begins here; good architectural features can be lost if the master plan lacks a cohesive vision.

Site Development Site development integrates outdoor elements with buildings to create a unified design. The architecture contributes to the site by establishing way-finding cues, defining outdoor spaces and communicating a language that places the building in its context on the installation. In addition to the architecture, however, there is the art of designing natural spaces and fostering cohabitation with the natural environment.

Interior Design Just as the exterior architecture is articulated, interior spaces involve design on a smaller, more personal scale using space, material, light, color, texture, and pattern. As the exterior architecture fits into the master plan for the installation, so must the buildings interior and exterior functions complement each other. This mandates understanding the experience of the architecture as a progression from outside to inside.

Obstacles As you begin the process of developing an Architectural Compatibility

Plan for your installation, it’s important to acknowledge and understand obstacles that may need to be dealt with along the way.

It is sometimes easy for design professionals to forget that everyone does not see the opportunities and potential for visual improvements on an installation. Simply making people aware of these issues can be vital to gaining support for your efforts.

Lack of Awareness

Often the attitude of “if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it” can be an obstacle. Base leadership, that is often forced to focus primarily on day-to-day operations, can benefit greatly from exposure to a long-range vision for the visual quality and character of the installation.

A prevalent issue on most installations is the sheer quantity of facilities that may not conform to architectural compatibility goals. It is important to be realistic about what initiatives can be implemented, how can the plan be phased and how can we turn selected existing conditions into visual assets to build on.

No obstacle is more prevalent than funding limitations in this age of military downsizing.

Realizing this, it is essential that an Architectural

Compatibility Plan recognize and exploit the areas where the greatest impact can be realized for the least amount of money.

Opportunities Opportunities for implementing architectural compatibility initiatives may present themselves in many forms. A change of leadership, new construction projects already programmed, scheduled operations & maintenance projects, and partnerships with the community are just a few examples. Funding and organizational avenues are described below.

Assistance Team Program A resource that can provide architectural compatibility assistance is

Assistance Teams (ATs). ATs are ad hoc groups that can be organized to address a variety of design and planning issues on installations. For example, once a problem has been identified on an installation, the

MAJCOM, in coordination with the Air Force Center for Environmental

Excellence (AFCEE), may want to assemble an AT to visit the installation and make recommendations on how to solve the problem. Team members typically consist of representatives from agencies across the Air Force, the

Department of Defense (DOD), or others with expertise in the problem area.

Prevailing Attitudes

Existing Conditions

Funding Limitations

Other Other functional agencies which may influence facility design, and with whom you should coordinate your plans, include operations, logistics, and communications. Seek other installation and command level boards or committees that could impact planning on your installation. Either volunteer to be member as a CE representative or be placed on the distribution list for meeting minutes. It is important that you develop a feedback system that will provide regular updates on potential projects.

Osan AFB Standards These standards ensure that building exteriors, interiors and site features are compatible and aesthetically pleasing while being economically appropriate for their function. Also, the goal is to provide a working and living environment ideally suited to the needs of base personnel and employees.

Osan AFB Map

Planning Considerations The Republic of Korea’s built environment is rich in styles, both new and old. But high turnover rate of people at Osan AFB is likely to foster different interpretations of architectural compatibility and creates an eclectic overall base appearance. As criterial for successful design, the designer should strive to relate the building to the site. However, this

Chapter information should be consolidated in order to ensure future improvements stay on track.

Consideration should include Korean cultural and historical constraints and environmental constraints. The specific constraints at Osan AB include lack of parking spaces, topography, noise contours, explosive quantity Distance

(Q/D) zones, airfield clearances, Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) zones and floodplains. Careful planning must consider compatible land uses and proper facilities utilization in order to meet current and future installation need.

The Osan Air Base proper is a mixed use area, therefore it is unrealistic to give each building type its own style. However, the varying needs of different function can be satisfied while working towards architectural compatibility through the employment of the following tactics;

- Forms : roofing, building profiles, massing

- Level of detail : Similarity or degrees of complexity

- Color : painting, surrounding vegetation, signage

- Material : texture, finish, durability, frequency of use

1. Exterior Standards

1-1 Objective The goal of the Exterior Standard is to provide a visually unified, coordinated, and pleasing appearance of the exterior environment. Exterior architectural features include buildings, fences, shelters, landscaping, roads, sidewalks, and all other exterior elements. But these standards cover only building architectural concerns and aspects.

The standard applies to all base facilities, with the exception of ROKAF facilities. The standards shall be updated annually by incorporating new information based on experience. Exceptions can only be made with the approval of the Installation Commander or designated Architectural

Compatibility Coordinator.

1-2 General The Below grade construction (basement) is prohibited due to the high water table.

All outside mechanical equipment and trash dumpster shall be screened (CMU or concrete screen walls).

All sodding work shall be solid sodding.

1-3 Exterior Wall Material Provide EIFS (Exterior Insulation Finish System) for CMU (Concrete

Masonry Unit) or concrete walls. Specify FSN 33531 (Federal

Specification Number), beige color for walls, and FSN 30108, dark brown for roof and trim color. Use color-in finish coats vs paint where practical.

Face bricks can be used to accent on large exterior wall, or to protect exterior insulation finish system at bottom parts of building.

The brick colors shall meet to base standard wall color or accent color.

Treat different building surfaces such as inset panels below windows with an accent color and/or a change in material or texture. This adds interest to the building exterior by bringing out unic elements.

For any portion of a building with exposed CMU surfaces, approved water-repellent concrete stain shall be applied to CMU. This tends to help prevent efflorescence.

1-4 Door, Window and Entrance High visibility facilities and comprehensive remodeling projects

(where budget permits) shall have factory finished aluminum windows, entrances and exit doors.

For general windows or glass doors, specify dark bronze anodized aluminum finish.

Include vestibules, recessed doors, or large roof overhang at entrances to provide protection from rain and increased splinter protection.

Specify 6mm laminated glass for facilities where breakage may be a problem.

1-5 Roof For major construction of facilities, maintain architectural compatibility. Large facility roofs should be Structural Standing Seam

Metal Roof (SSSMR).

The “Korean” architectural features such as roof tile treatments, gatehouses, arches and garden design and landscaping should be repeated on projects such as picnic shelters, bus stops, identification signage, gateways, etc.

Roof mounted mechanical equipment is prohibited.

1-6 Exterior Finish Color Scheme The Base Civil Engineer or designated representative has sole power of approval of exterior paint standards, and is responsible for compliance to the standard, regardless of how the work is accomplished. All exterior painting, whether by contract, Base Civil Engineer shop personnel or self-help, shall comply with the standard. The Base Standard Color Scheme is a two-color system, a beige wall color (FSN 33531) and a dark brown roof/trim color (FSN 30108).

1-6.1 Standard Color Scheme

All colors are selected from the Federal Standard 595b, 1994, and the page number in that booklet is referred to in this standard.

Base Facilities Color Color Number

-Wall Beige 33531, p.42

All features and elements on the exterior walls shall be painted the attached wall color, including items such as exposed columns & beams, downspouts, electrical panels, conduits, mechanical equipment, piping and roof inside liner.

-Roof, Door Dark Brown 30108, p.42

All roof surfaces, fascias/soffits, gutters, roof trims, steel doors/windows/frames, roll-up doors, and all features such as electrical, mechanical equipments, accessories and piping on the roof shall be painted the roof color. Aluminum doors/windows/frames shall be dark bronze coatings.

1-6.2 Accent Color 30227, p.42

The accent color (Dark Beige, 30227, p.42) can be used on very large exterior wall after approval by Base Civil Engineer. This accent color can be used for quoins, keystones, window lintels/sills, stair end walls and the

Lobby Level walls to provide good contrast and aesthetics. This accent color is slightly darker than wall color

1-6.3 Miscellaneous Items and Materials To Be Painted

Exposed trash enclosure, revetment, ConVaults, HVAC equipment, piping and other items or features on or near a facility wall shall be painted beige

(33531, p.42).

Exterior items such as light pole reflector housing, fire hydrants, bollards/guard posts, lift station control and cover will be painted dark brown (30108, p.42).

Bollards/guard posts should have two lines-two inch width stripes of white reflective tape around the top to increase visibility at night. Only high traffic hazardous area bollards shall be painted with angled black and yellow stripes.

1-6.4 Miscellaneous Items and Material Not To Be Painted

Color brick, tile, concrete curbing, stoop, culverts, equipment bases, foundations, etc. shall not be painted.

Jersey Barriers shall be left unpainted with two-inch width stripes of white reflective tape around the top to increase visibility at night.

Playground areas are exempt from the Base Color Scheme, and equipment may remain the original manufactured colors. Paint for playground equipment shall be certified lead free.

1-6.5 Hardened Aircraft Shlelter (HAS) Facility Color Scheme

-Exterior Wall, Roof Dark Brown 30108, p.42

All exterior wall and roof, including items such as electrical, mechanical equipments, accessories and piping on the roof and wall, shall be painted this color.

-Exterior Door & Frame Dark Brown 30108, p.42

-Interior Door, Rear Wall Dark Brown 30108, p.42

Engine Exhaust Tube Wall

-Interior Shelter Bright Beige 17886, p.15

All interior walls and ceilings of shelter, generator room and mechanical room, including items such as electrical, mechanical equipments, ducts, accessories and piping on the wall and ceiling shall be painted this color.

(Exception: Interior real wall and engine exhaust tube wall)

1-7 Exterior Signage

Exterior signage design should comply with UFC 3-120-01 and Osan AB requirement.

1-8 Exterior Graphics

The use of graphics, such as symbols, signs or numbers, is prohibited unless included in the approved paint scheme. No super-graphics are authorized except by approval of 51 FW/CC or designated representative.

2. Interior Standards

2-1 Objective Interior environments, regardless of use, should be functional, durable, pleasing to the senses, and create an appropriate positive image.

Administrative facilities should appear professional and up to date. The quality of our designs and the materials used should result in facilities that instill pride, boost morale and are cost effective.

2-2 General Interior Layout 2-2.1 Design closet space with sufficient space for winter and chemical warfare gear for all occupants in the facility.

2-2.2 Walk-off areas must be provided in vestibule and lobby entrances (i.e. hard tile flooring or architecturally recessed mats of rubber carpet or similar material

2-2.3 Where possible, use CPS (Collective Protection System) design features to provide areas capable of chemical isolation. For example, an interior area with limited windows and one outside access incorporating interior walls to roof and damper to allow over pressure. (Refer below drawing)

POSSIBLE

ISOLATION

AREA

C O

R R

ID

O R

OFFICE

C O

R R

ID

O R

OFFICE

ISOLATION AREA

POSSIBLE

OFFICE

OFFICE

OFFICE

C O

R R

ID

O R

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

2-3 Structural Interior Design (SID) / Comprehensive Interior Design (CID)

The SID / CID package should be in accordance with USAF Interior Design

Guide - Chapter 12, Interior Design (CID/SID) Presentation Format requirement format, Nov 1996 and Osan AFB requirement.

2-4 Interior Signage & Wall Hanging Interior and signage design should comply with UFC 3-120-01.

Signs and other types of wall hangings should contribute to a professional interior decor and organizational image. All materials displayed on interior walls must be framed or placed on bulletin boards, with the exception of those items specifically designed for display without frames such as unit plaques.

2-4.1 Interior Signage

a. Choose sign systems that will allow functions and names to be changed without great expense or damage to the surrounding materials.

b. The quality of interior signs should match the quality of the overall interior design and the signs should support the architectural theme of the facilities.

Use a system of signs from one manufacturer to ensure continuity of appearance.

c. Fire evacuation plans are required to be posted only in complex facilities, such as the hospital.

2-4.2 Interior Wall Hanging

a. Artwork: Artwork must be attached to the wall so that each piece is straight, aligned, and secure. It should create themes throughout a facility, and avoid suggestive or controversial subjects. For high value artwork, one should use a hanging system that contains a locking mechanism. The building manager shall serve as the single point of contact for the selection of all artwork to be hung in lobby, main corridors and the public conference room

b. Fasteners: On hollow wallboard covered with wallpaper, use the smallest nails appropriate for the job to avoid any rips or large hole. On concrete walls (exterior walls) covered with wallpaper, there will be no temporary art or any hangings. Permanent fixtures will be mounted with appropriate concrete anchors.

c. Metal Frame finishes: Select frame finishes that require minimal maintenance, such as chrome brushed aluminum, anodized bronze or antique brass. Polished brass surfaces require frequent maintenance and should not be considered.

d. Wood Frames for Directory Boards, Award Recipients Displays and any other cases shall be light oak to match the chair rails and doors in the main hallway.

e. Bulletin boards: The use of bulletin boards is encouraged in public areas to display notices and announcements. These boards should be coordinated with other interior colors and finishes, and should not appear out of place. Bulletin board use is encouraged to avoid the taping of literature to walls, doors, and windows, which creates an unprofessional environment and degrades interior surfaces.

f. Miscellaneous Signage: Miscellaneous signage, such as directories and subdirectories, are recommended. These signs should be hung at key decision points in the facility, and should conform to other interior themes of the building. Modular building sign systems are available and recommended.

2-5 Interior Finishes 2-5.1 Permanent Finishes: Permanent finishes would include, but are not limited to such materials as ceramic tile, architectural concrete, brick, stone, masonry, glass, built-in furniture and casework, bath fixtures, vinyl tile flooring. Natural and neutral colors are best so they will be compatible with a number of color schemes.

2-5.2 Non-Permanent Finishes: Non-permanent finishes include carpet, wallcovering, upholstery and paint. These materials establish the actual color scheme of a building. Include a good range of color, pattern and texture to allow flexibility as changes to the scheme are required.

- Routine maintenance finishes require scheduled maintenance or replacement on a one to five year basis.

- Limited wear-cycle finishes require replacement in a seven to ten year period.

2-6 Interior Painting Paint is an inexpensive finish that is easily applied and can be used to create various textures. Paints come in two options: latex (water based) and oil (solvent based).

Paint is produced in four basic sheens:

• Matte or Flat finish – produces the least glare but is also the least durable. Casual cleaning with common household cleaning products can remove or mar flat paint. Avoid using “flat” paint because it is not sufficiently durable. This finish is applied in low traffic areas.

• Eggshell or Satin finish – has a light sheen and is more durable than the flat finish. Use this finish in living and office areas.

• Semigloss finish – has a good sheen and is yet even more durable.

“Semi-gloss” is appropriate for typical working environments and few moist areas (kitchens, toilets, laundry facilities) and health care and door trims / moldings. However, the added sheen of “semi-gloss” paint will result in surface blemishes, touch-up painting and other defects will be more visually apparent.

• Gloss or Highgloss finish – has a very shiny appearance and is very durable. It is difficult to apply a new finish over gloss. Use Gloss only in

“wet” area like bathrooms and commercial spaces where surfaces are scrubbed frequently.

Recommended color schemes have been developed to ease paint selection and to ensure adherence to PACAF policy. Each scheme has a suggested ceiling, wall and trim color. Avoid stark white as a color choice for paint. Off-whites and “toned-down” or subdued hues aid in hiding soil.

2-6.1 CEILING: Paint is light in color and has a flat finish providing diffuse reflection, not glare. It is the lightest color of each scheme.

2-6.2 WALL: Paint finish should be non-luster providing an attractive

“eggshell” or “satin” finish in most areas. Depending on the size of the room to be painted, wall paint can be the same color as the ceiling paint or darker. However, dark colors are not recommended for small rooms. But they can be used as accent walls in these areas. When painting walls, include all elements of the surface, such as conduits, fire alarm bells, switch plates, outlet covers, and grilles, if previously painted.

2-6.3 DOOR: If doors are presently a natural wood finish, painting is not necessary; varnishing or staining are options. Chair railing, wainscoting, and doorframes shall match the doors.

2-6.4 TRIM: Paint is usually the darkest (not too intense) color in a scheme, used not only to accent certain features and walls, but is also used on surfaces that soil quickly. These surfaces can include shelves, cabinets, wooded window trim and baseboards, doors and frames (jambs). REMEMBER: Use dark color judiciously.

2-6.5 MISC: Mechanical/Electrical or other equipment cases or panels including fire extinguishers should be the same color as the adjacent wall and recessed in the wall where practical. Recess sprinkler heads in ceiling where practical.

2-7 Interior Finish Color Scheme Use colors appropriate for the function of the space. Avoid large areas of accent color. Use neutral colors for permanent finishes to complement a variety of color schemes. Neutrals may be any intensity of mixing white with brown or black (any shade of off-whites, tans or grays). Vary the intensity of the neutrals and create patterns to provide visual relief from the monotony created by neutral colors.

Different, but compatible, color schemes are acceptable in large buildings to improve interior orientation or define differing functions.

For example, color schemes which vary with the floors or wings of a building are preferable. Do not use different color schemes in every other room or suite.

All below colors are selected from the Federal Standard Federal

Standard 595b, 1994, and the page number in that booklet is referred to in this standard.

Base Facilities – Recommendation Samples -Walls (eggshell/satin/semi-gloss color)

27722, p.38 / 27778, p.38 / 23711, p.21

-Wall/Trim (semi-gloss color)

23578, p.24 / 27769, p.24 / 27778, p.38 / 20318, p.24

20372, p.24 / 23522, p.24 / 23531, p.22 / 26521, p.37

20219, p.22 / 20227, p.22

-Wet areas (gloss color)

13578, p.6 / 17778, p.16

2-8 Floor Covering 2-8.1 General

Floor finishes are major design elements in interior spaces. These materials chosen are to be appropriate for the function of the space as well as aesthetically appropriate. Acoustical properties of floor finishes have great impact on noise levels, and the colors of the finishes impact the lightness or darkness in spaces. Extremely light colors, especially white, should be avoided in high traffic areas due to soiling and possible glare. Floor patterns or changes in floor finishes may be used to create circulation paths or separation between spaces. Of all finishes, floors will get the most wear and are usually the most expensive finish material.

2-8.2 Carpet

Carpet or carpet tiles should be used in most facilities unless functional requirements dictate otherwise. Carpeted office and all general areas should have level loop, dark colors, patterned (without discernible parallel lines) carpet with synthetic backing and should be applied by direct glue down method. Only carpet rated for “extra-heavy duty, commercial (typical

26-32 oz/sq yd, or 4000-6000 density)” wear shall be specified except in sleeping areas of dormitories. The “cut pile” carpet should be used in executive areas only.

Carpet should never be used in any entry lobbies or stairwell, and is currently not the standard for Korean dorms. Carpet is too difficult to maintain and "uglies out" too quickly.

• General Requirements: Use of carpet shall be in accordance with

ETL 00-6, Air Force and PACAF guidelines. Carpet, not being a permanent finish, is generally replaced on a 7 to 10 year cycle, but good carpet may last much longer.

• Pattern Requirements: Pattern is required for all facilities with the exception of facilities for Distinguished Visitors and the 51 FW/CC.

- Avoid light colors, solid colors, small pin dots, heather tweeds, geometric patterns running parallel to walls, and fiber content other than nylon. Borders of solid or semi-solid carpets may be used as a design feature.

- For general use, a “mottled patterns” and “bold tweeds” with varied colors best meet the pattern requirement. A bold tweed combines very dark and very light neutral color flecks with a range of colors. This type of pattern will disguise dark stains, light lint and will be flexible with other finishes in the space. A monochrome tweed, one, which uses several tones of one color, does not meet the pattern requirement.

2-8.3 Hard Tile

Porcelain, terra cotta, quarry tile, pavers, ceramic tile, etc., should be used in areas of high traffic and/or wet areas. Example: Entry vestibule, high traffic lobby, reception counter, food preparation areas, food lines, vending areas, toilets, showers.

Consider the use of Epoxy grouts to avoid discoloration. If sand grouts are the only possibility due to budget restraints, use dark colors.

Avoid smooth glossy finishes and glazed tile that is not an integral color throughout. For entrance foyers, use slip resistant finish hard tile.

Ceramic tile is made up of either clay or porcelain. The types of ceramic tiles available are mosaic, quarry and paver. The following applies to using ceramic tile:

• In heavy traffic areas, such as vestibules and shopping mall corridors, a quarry, paver, or heavy duty porcelain tile is recommended. Larger tiles require fewer grout seams per square foot; therefore, they are easier to maintain.

• A mottled or shaded tile camouflages stains and is easier to maintain than an overall flat color.

• Mosaics are small tiles that are typically less than 2” wide and can be used for intricate designs and patterns only. Webbing may be applied to the back of the tile for easy installation.

• Quarry tiles are thick and durable. These are usually installed in heavy traffic areas such as commercial kitchens.

• Pavers are larger tiles that are typically found with textured surfaces.

These tiles may be installed with a cement-based mortar in a thick set or thin set method; the thin set method is most preferred. The thick set method works well where slopes and drains are desired.

The materials that may be used in entry lobbies are:

1. Glazed ceramic tile with a coefficient of friction 0.6 and 0.8 on ramps in a profile no smaller than 6" square or 6"x12" where a pattern is created using varying tile sizes. Must be rated for heavy commercial use.

2. Unglazed porcelain tile with a coefficient of friction of at least 0.6 and 0.8 on ramps in a profile no smaller than 6" square or 6"x12" where a pattern is created using varying tile size. Must be rated for heavy commercial use.

Do not use:

1. Mosaic tile on any flooring surface.

2. Quarry tile in any public areas or individual resident units. Use

Quarry Tile only in janitors' closets.

2-8.4 Hardwood

Specialty areas such as clubs, stages, Wing Commander’s office, General’s offices or special category suites are authorized hardwood flooring.

2-8.5 Vinyl and Rubber Flooring

Vinyl floor material is available in tiles (typically 12”x12”) and sheets

(typically 6 feet wide). The materials are classified into 4 basic grades:

residential, light commercial, commercial, or heavy commercial.

“Commercial“ grade should be the minimum durability rating used.

• Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT): VCT is limited to maintenance areas, utility rooms, laundry rooms, large equipment storage rooms, high use corridors in maintenance facility and areas with cost limitations. In high use areas where carpet is not practical, VCT or linoleum may be used with creative patterns and/or border designs.

Normal maintenance requires periodic buffing and the application of wax.

• Rubber: This somewhat costly but preferably smooth surface variegated color product has limited usage in vending areas, laundry rooms, secondary vestibules, stairways and stair landings.

Use the less aggressive surface textures to avoid difficult to clean edges.

Consider using non-slip material such as vinyl or rubber stair treads.

The Commercial Resilient Flooring materials that may be used in entry lobbies are:

a. Fiberglass reinforced chip vinyl flooring with factory finish

b. Quartz reinforced vinyl floor tiles with a factory finish

c. Solid PVC sheet, plank or tile goods

d. Linoleum sheet or tile goods with factory finish

e. Rubber sheet or tile goods with a coefficient of slip resistance of 0.6 and 0.8 on ramps and self-waxing features

Do not use:

a. Cushion-back sheet vinyl flooring intended for residential use.

b. Commercial Resilient Safety Flooring with a "grit" imbedded in it as this product will collect dirt at entry ways.

c. Commercial Vinyl Flooring in sheets or tiles that requires sealers, wax or polish.

2-8.6 Concrete finish floor

Natural finish and coated concrete floors are limited to maintenance areas, utility rooms, electrical rooms, storage areas, and mechanical rooms. For maintenance areas, use concrete floors with chemical resistant urethane

(CRU) finish.

2-9 Walls All conduit, telephone wires, computer cables, pipes, etc. should be concealed in walls or soffits.

2-9.1 Gypsum Wallboard

Gypsum wallboard is the minimum standard for an interior wall finish except for stairwells of utilitarian areas. It may be finished with paint, wallcovering, or in a variety of ways on wood or steel studs. It may be required as fireproofing.

• Provide easily repairable finish by maximizing use of paint.

• Provide low maintenance finishes by maximizing the use of vinyl wall covering (VWC) for wall finish rather than paint as budget and function permit. Wallpaper is bad with Korean humidity.

• Include chair rails or wainscots, 42” high, for senior officer’s offices, corridors and conference rooms.

2-9.2 Corner and Wall Protection

Dorm, healthcare, food service facilities, and other high use corridors should have corner guards and hand or chair rails to protect gypsum wallboard from traffic.

Provide chair rails in conference rooms, offices and public seating areas at the appropriate height where needed.

2-9.3 Wall covering

Wall coverings should be chosen as function and durability requires for each specific situation. It shall have a Class A interior finish (flame spread rating of 0-25 and smoke development rating of 0-50) for interior finish of means of egress, medical patient rooms, sleeping rooms. Refer to COE specification.

a. Type-I: 0.27-0.44 Kg/SM or 8-13 oz/SY (Light Duty) is satisfactory for use on ceilings.

• Type-I and less durable fabric wall covering is a residential grade, and not suitable for facilities other than distinguished visitor’s suites, visiting officer quarters, and visiting airmen's quarters billeting rooms.

b. Type-II: 0.445-0.815 Kg/SM or 13.1-24 oz/SY (Medium Duty) is satisfactory for areas subjected to average traffic wear and scuffing. It may be used full height on walls or as a wainscot.

Type II should be used for most vinyl wall covering installations.

c. Type-III: 24.5 oz/SY minimum

• Type-II and III vinyl,…