BHC POI (Revised)_v22JAN.pdf

PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION

Caisson Detachment Basic Horsemanship Course

Updated 21 January 2026 by:

SSG Kramer, Cody A

TRAINING PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION

Preface

TITLE: US ARMY BASIC HORSEMANSHIP COURSE

TRAINING LOCATION: TBD

PURPOSE: To train selected personnel in the principles, techniques and skills required to perform the duties and functions of a US Army Caisson Detachment Soldier.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: This Program of Instruction (POI) outlines a comprehensive 12-week training program that combines classroom instruction, hands-on practical exercises, and assessments. The course progresses from introductory topics, such as horse behavior and safety, to advanced skills like riding at a trot, trail riding, and equine health checks. The training is designed for soldiers with no prior experience in horsemanship. The POI aligns with Army standards and unit-specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), ensuring students acquire mission-critical skills and meet operational requirements. The graduate is prepared to perform skills in the US Army Caisson Detachment and understand basic horsemanship techniques such as horse care protocol, Caisson history, and Drill and Ceremony. This apprentice has studied and practiced theory, concepts and principles of horse care and horsemanship. The student has applied various training methods and fundamentals of horsemanship to include acceptable treatment of horses and horse care.

TARGET POPULATION/PREREQUISITES : Attending service members must meet the following Service specific requirements for enrollment:

• Enlisted: E-1 through O-3 (waivers accepted for O-4 or higher) No permanent or temporary profiles that interfere with animal husbandry or horse riding

• No recent Article 15 actions or Flags

• Must weigh 230 lbs. or less

• Able to pass the AFT with 60 points minimum in each event

• Up to date with their current MEL/MES requirements

• At least 24 months remaining on their current enlistment contract

• No pending orders to PCS

• Have or have the ability to get and maintain a GTCC

• A consistent means of transportation to work

CLASS SIZE:

MAXIMUM: 15

MINIMUM: 6

COURSE LENGTH: 60 Days Training Days

ACADEMIC HOURS: 350 Hrs.

ADMINISRATIVE HOURS: 10 Hrs.

TOTAL COURSE HOURS:

360 Hrs.

TYPE / METHOD OF INSTRUCTION:

1. Lecture (L) 110 Hrs.

2. Demonstration (D) 75 Hrs.

3. Performance Exercise (PE) 100 Hrs.

4. Performance Examination (EP) 55 Hrs.

5. Written Examination (EW) 10 Hrs.

6. Administrative Hours (AD) 10 Hrs.

TRAINING START DATE: Varies, all classes will start on a Monday.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: None. DoD policy was followed to assess the environmental impact.

MANPOWER: All instructors are provided from the members of the current team.

EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES: All equipment and facilities are provided by and through the US Army Caisson Detachment or contracted civilians.

TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PROPONENT: US Army Caisson Detachment’s Basic Horsemanship Course, Fort Myer, VA, (850) 530-4108

FUNCTIONAL AREA 1

Basic Equine Anatomy, Horsemanship, and Handling

TPFN: CAISSON DETACHMENT -001

Terminal Training Outcome:

The instruction and training in this functional area provide candidates with a basic foundation in horse anatomy, horse care, and horsemanship. Upon completion, candidates will demonstrate competency in:

• General horse feeding, grooming, and healthcare.

• Understanding basic equine anatomy.

• Beginning horsemanship techniques.

• Successfully passing assessments with at least a 70% aggregate score.

Unit: 001 - Understanding Basic Equine Anatomy, Horsemanship, and Handling

Total Hours: 32.50 hours

FUNCTIONAL AREA 2

Groundwork, Safety, and Stable Management

TPFN: CAISSON DETACHMENT -002

Terminal Training Outcome:

Candidates will develop fundamental horse handling skills, emphasizing safety and proper groundwork techniques. Upon completion, they will be able to:

• Perform safe and effective haltering, tying, and groundwork exercises.

• Maintain and manage stalls according to Caisson standards.

• Groom horses following proper health and safety protocols.

• Recognize potential equine health issues.

Unit: 002 - Groundwork, Safety, and Stable Management

Total Hours: 45 hours

FUNCTIONAL AREA 3

Tack, Equipment, and Saddling Procedures

TPFN: CAISSON DETACHMENT -003

Terminal Training Outcome:

Candidates will gain a comprehensive understanding of equestrian tack, including proper use, maintenance, and fitting procedures. Successful candidates will:

• Identify and understand the function of different tack components.

• Demonstrate proficiency in saddling and bridling horses according to SOP.

• Perform tack maintenance and equipment inspections.

• Secure loads and prepare horses for various riding disciplines.

Unit: 003 - Tack, Equipment, and Saddling Procedures

Total Hours: 40 hours

FUNCTIONAL AREA 4

Mounted Horsemanship and Riding Skills

TPFN: CAISSON DETACHMENT -004

Terminal Training Outcome:

Candidates will develop competency in mounted riding skills, focusing on balance, control, and communication with the horse. Upon completion, they will be able to:

• Ride confidently at walk, trot, and canter in controlled environments.

• Apply natural and artificial aids for effective horse communication.

• Execute proper mounting and dismounting procedures.

• Ride with swing and lead positions as required for Caisson operations.

Unit: 004 - Mounted Horsemanship and Riding Skills

Total Hours: 145 hours

FUNCTIONAL AREA 5

Advanced Riding Techniques and Tactical Applications

TPFN: CAISSON DETACHMENT -005

Terminal Training Outcome:

Candidates will refine their riding techniques to ensure precision, stability, and tactical maneuvering under military conditions. Upon completion, they will be able to:

Ride with confidence and control in unpredictable environments.

Navigate obstacles, perform emergency stops, and execute tactical riding drills.

Maintain correct posture, apply correct rein aids, and advanced horse cues.

Work as a unit during tactical and ceremonial events.

Unit: 006 - Advanced Riding Techniques and Tactical Applications

Total Hours: 50 hours

Week Summary

Week 1 ● Introductions and Expectations of BHC (Counseling)

● Facility Orientation (Lesson Plan #1)

● Equine Safety (Lesson Plan#2)

● Intro to Pressure and Release of Pressure (Discussion)

● How to Halter a Horse Correctly (SOP)

● Quick Release Knot, Cross Ties and Tie Rings (Lesson Plan #3)

● Stall Maintenance (Lesson Plan#4)

● Introduction to Grooming (SOP)

● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Introduction to Groundwork (Lesson Plan #5)

● Groundwork Continuation

● Grooming and Groundwork (Everyday Task after Stalls Maintenance)

● Quick Release/Tie Ring/ Crosstie Review

● Stalls Checklist (Student Hand-out)

● Quick Release/Tie Ring/ Crosstie Review

● Groundwork Skills (Student Led)

● Guest Speaker: Vet/Vet Tech on Equine First Aid, Basic Nutrition

● Caisson Specific: Test-Chapters 1&8/ Knots Test/Basic Terms Student Hand-Out Grading Rubric: Horse Report #1

● End of Day activities (Everyday PM Task) Week 2 ● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Introduction of Desensitization Skills

● Groundwork Skills

● Introduction of Natural and Artificial Aids on the Ground

● Groundwork Continuation

● Saddling a Horse (Lesson Plan #6)

● Saddling(SOP)

● Cinching the 3-Step Process (Discussion)

● Saddle Drills (Student Led)

● Static Mounting Exercise (SOP)

● Groundwork Continuation with Saddles

● How to Saddle and Cinch Refresher

● Static Mounting Exercise Continuation

● Saddle Drills Continuation

● Caisson Specific Test- Chapters 4&2/ Anatomy Test

● Guest Speaker: Farrier

● Hoof Health and Care

● End of Day activities (Everyday PM Task) Week 3 ● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Groundwork Skills

● Bareback Riding to Find Balance(Neck Straps Intro)

● Body Position in Saddle (Lesson Plan #7)

● Direct Reining and Neck Reining (Lesson Plan #8)

● Three Leg Cue Positions (Lesson Plan #9)

● Instructor Demo on Riding Fundamentals

● Two Point (leg and hand aids)

● Stirrup Length

● Student Hand-Out Grading Rubric: Horse Report #2

● Caisson Specific Test- Chapter 6/ Lower Leg and Hoof

● Horse Report Presentations #1

● Peer Evaluations

● End of Day activities (Everyday PM Task) Week 4 ● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Lead Rope Practice for Bridling and Bit Placement

● Bridling A Horse (Lesson Plan #10)

● Bridling (SOP)

● Groundwork Skills

● Intro to Trotting

● Rein Aids

● Confidence Drills (Passenger Seat Exercise)

● Battle Drill Book- Conduct Exercises 2-3 & 2-5

● Obstacle Navigation in Saddle

● Confidence Drills Recap

● Trotting Drills

● Caisson Specific Test- Saddle & Bridle/ Chapter 5

● Obstacle Navigation in Saddle

● End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task) Week 5 ● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Advanced Groundwork Skills (Discussion)

● Lateral Movements and Connection

● Battle Drill Book- Conduct Collective Riding Drill (3-1&3-2)

● Introduction to Canter

● Transition Drills (Walk,Trot,Canter)

● Natural vs. Traditional Horsemanship (Discussion)

● Battle Drill Book Collective Riding w/ Transitions (3-1&3-2)

● Canter-Practical Focus

● Transitional Drills Between All 3 Gaits

● Caisson Specific Test- Chapter 3 & 7

● Transition Drills (Individual Practice)

● End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task) Week 6 ● Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

● Advanced Groundwork (Leading Past)

● Battle Drill Book Exercise Collective and Individual

● Ride in an Open Environment

● Refine Leg Cues

● Refine Riding Position

● Refine rein aids and Direct Rein aids

● Individual Rider Assessments

● Peer Evaluations

Soldier Equine Report Due #2 End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 7 • Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

• Advanced Groundwork (Backing and Sending)

• Intro to Trailer Loading/Unloading (Lesson Plan #11)

• Ride in an Open Environment Part 1

• Refine Groundwork Skills

• Ride in an Open Environment Part 2

• Refine Riding Techniques

• Final Groundwork Assessment (Grade Sheet)

• Final Riding Assessment Part 1 (Grade Sheet)

• Final Riding Assessment Part 2 (Grade Sheet)

• Independent Practice and Reflection

• End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 8 • Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

• Rider Refinement

• End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 9 • Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

• Rider Refinement

• End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 10 • Stall Maintenance (Everyday AM Task)

• Rider Refinement

• End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 11 • Stall Maintenance (Everyday PM Task)

• Rider Refinement

• Break Out Groups

• Retrain

• End of Day Activities (Everyday PM Task)

Week 12 • Final Examinations and Assessments (OML)

• Peer Evaluations

• Graduation Prep

• Graduation

Risk • Students advance phases on schedule

• Instructors provide training for students not performing to standard

• Drop students who are not progressing and present safety risk

Lesson Plan #1: Facility Orientation Institution: U.S Army Caisson Detachment Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Facility Orientation

Duration: 30-60 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify the key areas of an equine barn and their purposes.

2. Understand the layout and traffic flow within the barn.

3. Demonstrate knowledge of safety procedures, barn rules, and emergency protocols.

4. Properly navigate the barn, identify equipment and supply storage locations.

Materials Needed:

• Barn facility (live tour)

• Whiteboard and markers

• Handouts with barn layout maps, safety rules, and emergency procedures

• Barn areas (Feed Room, Tack Room, Grooming Area)• First aid kits for

Military Working Equine and personnel

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (10 minutes) Instructor Welcome & Overview

• Explain the purpose of the lesson: familiarizing students with barn structure, operations, and safety procedures.

• Discuss why organization, cleanliness, and proper facility usage are essential for horse care and handler safety.

Discussion: Why is Barn Orientation Important

• Prevents accidents and confusion in daily operations.

• Ensures efficient care of horses and management of resources.

• Allow for quick emergency response when needed.

Tour of Barn Areas and Their Functions (30 minutes) Main Barn Aisleway

Purpose: Central passage connecting stalls and work areas.

Safety Tips:

• Keep the aisle clear of clutter.

• Always lead horses on the right-hand side to prevent congestion.

• Be aware of other handlers, horses, and equipment.

Horse Stalls Purpose: Individual living spaces for horses.

Key Features:

• Proper bedding, ventilation, and secure stall doors.

• Water buckets or automatic waterers for hydration.

• Feed troughs or hay racks for daily nutrition.

Rules:

• Always latch stall doors securely.

• Avoid startling horses while walking past.

Grooming and Cross-Tie Areas Purpose: Safe space for grooming, tacking up, and vet/farrier work.

Equipment Found Here:

• Cross ties (with quick-release feature).

• Grooming boxes with brushes, hoof picks, and fly spray.

Rules:

• Never leave a tied horse unattended.

• Ensure the horse is tied at the correct height with safe slack.

Tack Room Purpose: Storage for saddles, bridles, halters, blankets, and grooming supplies.

Organization System:

• Saddles and bridles hung on assigned racks.

• Cleaning supplies, extra tack, and repair kits stored in labeled areas.

Rules:

• Always return tack to its designated place.

• Keep the area clean and organized to prevent damage or loss.

Feed Room Purpose: Storage for hay, grain, supplements, and feeding tools.

Feed Storage:

Grain bins: Keep tightly sealed to prevent pests.

Hay stacks: Stored off the ground for ventilation and mold prevention.

Supplements and medications: Stored separately and labeled.

Rules:

Only authorized personnel should handle feed.

• Double-check the feed chart before feeding any horse.

Wash Stalls Purpose: Designated space for bathing horses.

Features:

• Non-slip flooring and drainage system.

• Access to hoses, sponges, shampoo, and sweat scrapers.

Rules:

• Never leave water running unattended.

• Clean up after use to prevent slipping hazards.

Manure and Waste Disposal Area Purpose: Proper disposal of soiled bedding and manure to maintain barn cleanliness.

Methods:

• Daily mucking of stalls into manure piles or disposal bins.

• Use of wheelbarrows or manure spreaders for transport.

Rules:

• Dispose of waste only in designated areas.

• Keep pathways clear for easy access.

III. Safety Procedures & Emergency Protocols (20 minutes) Fire Safety & Emergency Exits Locate fire extinguishers and emergency exits.

Never block exits with equipment or hay bales.

Explain the fire drill and horse evacuation plan.

First Aid Kits and Veterinary Emergency Procedures • Demonstrate where first aid kits are located.

Explain basic first aid for minor injuries.

Provide emergency contact list for veterinarians and facility managers.

Barn Rules & Etiquette No running, shouting, or sudden movements around horses.

Always close gates and stall doors securely.

Use correct procedures when handling, tying, and leading horses.

V. Conclusion and Assessment (10 minutes) Key Takeaways:

The barn is a structured environment with specific areas for feeding, grooming, and equipment storage.

Safety procedures prevent accidents and ensure smooth daily operations.

Proper organization and cleanliness help maintain horse health and facility efficiency.

Q&A Session:

Address student questions and clarifications.

Conclusion:

Encourage students to continue familiarizing themselves with the barn layoutand ask for help when needed.

Lesson Plan #2: Equine Safety Institution: U.S. Army Caisson Detachment Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Equine Safety Duration:

60-90 minutes

Lesson Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Demonstrate how to safely approach a horse.

Explain key equine instincts and how they affect handling.

Interpret horse body language to assess mood and behavior.

Materials Needed:

Live horses (minimum of 2) Halters and lead rope

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (10 minutes) Instructor Welcome & Overview Explain the importance of understanding horse instincts and body language for safe handling.

Ask students: “Has anyone been in a situation where a horse reacted unexpectedly?

What happened?”

Key Discussion Points:

Horses are prey animals and react based on fight or flight instincts. • Understanding their body language prevents accidents and improves communication.

How to Approach a Horse Safely (20 minutes) A.

The Correct Approach

1. Always approach from the side Never approach directly from the front (blind spot) or from behind (kick zone).

Speak calmly and make your presence known before touching the horse.

Watch for Signals If a horse pins its ears, raises its head, or moves away, stop and reassess.

If the horse appears relaxed and facing you, continue approaching.

Let the Horse Smell You Extend a hand for the horse to sniff, allowing it to recognize your scent.

Initial Touch & Haltering Gently rub the shoulder or neck before attempting to put on the halter.

Avoid sudden movements near the face, ears, or flanks.

Hands-On Practice: Safe Approach Drill (10 minutes) Students take turns approaching a horse using proper technique.

Instructor observes and provides feedback.

Understanding Horse Instincts (20 minutes)

1. The Fight or Flight Response Horses run first when startled—this is their natural survival instinct.

If cornered, a horse may kick, rear, or bite as self-defense.

Stay aware of potential triggers (sudden noises, quick movements, unfamiliar objects).

Herd Mentality and Social Behavior Horses feel safest in a group and may become nervous when alone.

A dominant horse may assert authority over a handler through body language.

Sensory Awareness Hearing: Horses have excellent hearing and can detect distant sounds.

Vision: Horses see almost 360 degrees, but have blind spots in front and behind.

Touch Sensitivity: Certain areas (ears, belly, legs) are more sensitive than others.

Discussion & Scenario Practice (10 minutes) Instructor presents scenarios (“A horse suddenly raises its head and flares its nostrils—what does this mean?”).

Students explain the possible cause and correct handling approach.

IV. Interpreting Horse Body Language (30 minutes) Understanding Common Signals Body Language-Meaning Ears forward-Alert, curious Ears pinned back- Angry, aggressive, or in pain Flicking ears- Attentive but possibly nervous Wide eyes, showing whites- Fearful, startled Soft, half-closed eyes- Relaxed, content Head lowered- Relaxed, calm Head tossing- Discomfort or frustration Tail swishing rapidly- Annoyance or irritation Pawing at the ground- Impatience or nervousness Stomping feet- Warning or irritation Kicking out- Defensive, aggressive Observing a Horse’s Reactions Instructor presents live horse demonstrations of different moods.

Students practice identifying body language signs.

Recognizing a Horse’s Comfort Zone A relaxed horse will have loose muscles, soft eyes, and an even stance.

A tense horse may shift weight, raise its head, or tighten muscles.

V. Review & Safety Reminders (10 minutes) Key Takeaways:

Always approach calmly and from the side.

Be aware of fight-or-flight responses.

Read body language before engaging with a horse.

Q&A Session:

•Students can ask questions about specific scenarios or challenges.

VI. Assessment & Practical Application Instructor Observation:

Students demonstrate correct approach technique with a horse.

Students correctly identify and explain horse body language cues.

Activity: Body Language Interpretation (10 minutes) Students observe a horse for 2 minutes and write down its body language cues.

Discuss observations as a group.

Conclusion:

•By understanding how horses think, communicate, and react, handlers can create safe and trusting relationships with their horses. Proper approach techniques and awareness of body language are the foundation of safe equine handling.

Pressure and Release of Pressure

Overview and Welcome:

It’s a fundamental concept in horse training and handling. It is based on the principle of negative reinforcement, where the horse learns to perform a desired behavior to avoid or alleviate pressure. Here’s why it is so important:

Clear Communication Horses communicate through body language and respond to physical and spatial cues.

Pressure and release create a clear and consistent way to “talk” to the horse.

The application of pressure signals to the horse what behavior is being asked, and the release reinforces that the correct response was given. For example, apply light pressure on the lead rope to ask the horse to back up. The moment the horse takes a step back, the pressure is released, teaching the horse that backing up is the desired behavior.

Reinforcement of Learning The release of pressure is the horse’s reward for performing the correct action. It tells the horse it has made the right choice. Without the release, the horse may become confused, frustrated, or resistant because it doesn’t understand what is being asked.

For example, when teaching a horse to yield its hindquarters, pressure is applied to the flank.

As soon as the horse steps its hind leg under, the pressure is released, reinforcing the correct movement.

Builds Trust and Willingness Horses are prey animals and are naturally sensitive to pressure. Proper timing of pressure and release builds confidence because the horse learns it won’t be overwhelmed or harmed.

Consistently releasing pressure when the horse responds correctly creates a positive association with training.

Teaches Responsiveness Horses learn to respond to lighter cues over time if pressure is applied appropriately and released promptly. This improves the horse’s sensitivity and willingness to respond to subtle signals, making handling and riding more efficient and enjoyable. For example over time, a horse can learn to move forward with a light squeeze of the legs rather than needing a stronger cue.

Reduces Resistance When pressure is applied correctly and released at the right moment, the horse learns to yield rather than resist. Applying pressure without a release can create frustration or cause the horse to “push back” against the pressure, resulting in bad habits or dangerous behaviors like rearing or pulling. For example, if a horse feels constant pulling on the reins, it may lean on the bit instead of softening and giving in to the pressure.

Mimics Natural Horse Behavior Horses naturally use pressure and release within their herds. For example, a dominant horse applies pressure through body language (pinned ears or stepping into another horse’s space) to signal desired behavior. When the other horse moves away, the pressure is removed. This instinctive understanding makes pressure and release a method horses inherently comprehend.

Two Keys to Success: Timing and Consistency Timing: Release the pressure the instant the horse performs the desired action. Delayed release can confuse the horse or reinforce unintended behaviors.

Consistency: Always release pressure for the correct response, so the horse understands what is expected.

Conclusion:

Pressure and release of pressure are essential for creating a language between horse and handler. When used effectively, this method builds trust, improves responsiveness, and promotes a willing partnership. It’s a humane, effective way to train horses, teaching them to work with humans in a calm and cooperative manner.

Lesson Plan #3: Quick Release Knot, Cross Ties, and Tie Rings

Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Quick Release Knot, Cross Ties, and Tie Rings Duration: 60-90 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Demonstrate how to correctly tie a quick release knot for securing a horse safely.

Set up and properly use cross ties for grooming or handling.

Securely attach a tie ring and understand its purpose in horse safety.

Materials Needed:

Horses (minimum 2) Halters and lead ropes Cross ties Tie rings (mounted or portable) Practice ropes for knot tying

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (10 minutes) Welcome & Overview Explain the importance of proper equine restraint techniques for safety.

Discuss real-life scenarios where incorrect tying or restraint led to injury or accidents.

Ask students: “What methods have you used to tie or secure a horse? Have you encountered difficulties?”

The Quick Release Knot (20 minutes)

1. What is a Quick Release Knot A knot is designed to hold a horse securely while allowing for a fast, safe release in an emergency.

It can be untied with a single pull in case the horse panics.

Demonstration: Tying a Quick Release Knot Step 1: Pass the rope through a secure tie point (tie ring, post, or rail).

Step 2: Make a loop, ensuring the tail end remains free.

Step 3: Create a slipknot by folding the free end back through the loop.

Step 4: Pull it to secure but ensure the loop remains easy to release.

Hands-On Student Practice (10 minutes) Students practice tying and releasing the knot under instructor supervision.

Instructor checks each knot for security and quick-release function.

Common Mistakes & Corrections Tying the knot too tightly (making release difficult).

Incorrect looping, which prevents a clean release.

Using a knot that does not allow quick release (standard square knot).

Cross Ties: Proper Use and Safety (20 minutes)

1. What Are Cross Ties Used for grooming, tacking up, or vet care in a controlled space.

Keeps the horse centered and stationary, preventing excessive movement.

2. How to Set Up and Use Cross Ties Attach each tie rope to a secure anchor (stall walls or posts).

Clip each side of the horse’s halter rings, allowing for slight movement.

Always use quick-release snaps or breakaway straps for safety.

Demonstration: Properly Securing a Horse in Cross Ties Instructor secures a horse, explaining pressure points and proper slack.

Emphasize not tying too tightly to allow some head movement.

Student Hands-On Practice (10 minutes) Students take turns securing a horse in cross ties.

Instructor evaluates setup and adjustments for safety.

Safety Considerations Ensure the horse is comfortable and not panicking.

Never leave a horse unattended in cross ties.

Recognize early signs of stress (pawing, head tossing, shifting weight).

IV. Tie Rings: Purpose and Use (20 minutes) What Is a Tie Ring A fixed anchor point for safely securing a horse with a lead rope.

Commonly used in wash stalls, grooming areas, and barns.

How to Properly Install and Use a Tie Ring Mounted at shoulder height to prevent the horse from stepping over the rope.

Use with a quick-release knot or breakaway lead for safety.

Demonstrate adjusting rope length to allow movement but prevent entanglement.

Demonstration: Securing a Horse to a Tie Ring Instructor secures a lead rope using a tie ring.

Adjusts rope length for safety and comfort.

Student Hands-On Practice (10 minutes) Students practice tying a horse at a tie ring.

Instructors evaluate their rope length, knot security, and quick release setup.

V. Safety Considerations and Emergency Protocols (10 minutes) Recognizing Stress or Panic in a Tied Horse Signs include pulling back, excessive shifting, and rearing.

If a horse panics, release the knot or snap immediately.

Proper Equipment Maintenance Regularly inspect ropes, cross ties, and tie rings for wear.

Replace frayed ropes or damaged hardware to prevent breakage.

Emergency Release Demonstration

Instructor simulates a panic situation and demonstrates quick release techniques.

VI. Conclusion & Review (10 minutes) Key Takeaways:

Always use a quick-release knot when tying a horse.

Cross ties must have breakaway features and proper slack.

Tie rings should be positioned safely, and rope length must prevent entanglement.

Q&A Session:

Students can ask questions or discuss challenges encountered during practice.

Lesson Plan #4: Stall Maintenance

Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Stall Maintenance

Duration: 60-90 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Identify the key components of proper stall maintenance.

Demonstrate effective stall cleaning techniques to ensure equine health and hygiene.

Understand the importance of bedding selection and waste management.

Follow established procedures for daily and deep stall cleaning.

Materials Needed:

Muck forks, shovels, and wheelbarrows Broom and dustpan Clean bedding materials (straw, shavings, or pellets) Manure disposal bins or designated compost areas Disinfectant and cleaning supplies Gloves and protective gear

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

Introduction (10 minutes) Instructor Welcome & Overview Explain the purpose of the lesson: maintaining a clean and safe environment for horses through proper stall maintenance.

Discuss how stall maintenance impacts horse health, comfort, and infection prevention.

Discussion: Why is Stall Maintenance Important?

Reduces the risk of illness and hoof problems caused by bacteria and ammonia buildup.

Provides a comfortable and dry resting space for horses.

Maintains barn cleanliness and reduces pests.

Stall Cleaning Procedures (30 minutes) Daily Stall Cleaning Routine Step 1: Remove the horse safely before cleaning.

Step 2: Use a muck fork to remove manure and wet bedding.

Step 3: Sift through the bedding to separate clean material.

Step 4: Sweep and level the remaining bedding.

Step 5: Add fresh bedding as needed.

Deep Cleaning & Disinfecting (Scheduled Maintenance)

Strip the stall completely of old bedding.

Scrub walls, flooring, and water buckets with disinfectants.

Allow surfaces to dry before adding fresh bedding.

Bedding Types & Proper Use Straw: Absorbent but requires frequent replacement.

Shavings: Good odor control and easy to sift.

Pellets: Expand when wet, providing excellent absorption.

III. Waste Disposal & Barn Hygiene (20 minutes) IV. 1. Manure Management & Disposal Properly transport manure to designated disposal areas.

Use wheelbarrows and avoid spillage in common areas.

Pest Control & Ammonia Reduction Regularly remove soiled bedding to prevent fly infestations.

Ensure proper stall ventilation to reduce ammonia buildup.

Tools & Equipment Maintenance Clean and store mucking tools properly after each use.

Disinfect wheelbarrows and buckets to prevent disease spread.

Conclusion & Assessment (10 minutes) Key Takeaways:

Regular stall cleaning ensures horse health and barn hygiene.

Using proper bedding and disposal techniques minimizes waste and odors. • Routine maintenance prevents injuries and maintains a comfortable environment.

Q&A Session:

Address student questions and clarify procedures.

Conclusion:

Encourage students to follow the best practices and maintain stall cleanliness as part of their daily responsibilities.

Lesson Plan #5: Introduction to Groundwork Institution: United States Army Caisson Detachment Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Introduction to Groundwork

Duration: 30-60 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Understand the importance of groundwork in horse training.

Identify and explain key groundwork techniques.

Demonstrate proper handling, leading, yielding, flexing, backing, and circle exercises.

Materials:

•Horses for demo and training •Lead ropes and rope halters •Training stick or flag (optional) •Round pen or enclosed training area if available •Cones or markers (optional)

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (10 minutes)

•Welcome students and introduce groundwork as the foundation of horse training.

•Discuss how groundwork improves communication, trust, and respect. •Explain how these exercises prepare horses for under-saddle work and prevent behavioral issues.

Key Components of Groundwork (30 minutes)

1. Basic Handling & Leading

•Proper haltering technique.

•Leading a horse safely (walk, halt, turn).

•Maintaining personal space and preventing pushiness. 2.

Yielding Hindquarters and Forequarters •Teaching the horse to move its hindquarters away from pressure.

•Yielding the forequarters with light cues.

•Using this exercise to establish respect and responsiveness. 3.

Flexing & Softening to Pressure •Teaching lateral flexion using the halter.

•Encouraging softness in the poll and neck.

•Using flexing to prepare for bridle work.

4. Backing Up •Teaching the horse to step backward with light pressure.

•Backing up using body language and lead rope pressure.

•Using backing to encourage respect and responsiveness.

Circle Exercises

•Leading the horse in controlled circles while maintaining engagement.

•Encouraging rhythm and responsiveness.

•Stopping and changing directions smoothly.

•Able to control all gaits of the horse.

Desensitization & Confidence-Building •Introducing the horse to new objects (tarps, cones, flags).

•Handling feet and legs to prepare for farrier visits.

Demonstration of Groundwork Techniques (60 minutes)

1. Instructor Demonstration:

Show proper techniques for leading, yielding, backing, flexing, and circling.

Explain body positioning, cues, and common mistakes.

Student Practice:

Students will work in pairs with horses, practicing each technique under supervision.

The instructor will provide corrections and feedback.

IV. Ground Work Training Schedules (20 minutes) •Discuss the importance of consistency in training. •Circle Exercise & Backing Guidelines •Common Mistakes and How to Fix Them

VI. Safety Considerations (10 minutes) 1.Proper Handling & Protective Gear •Use appropriate lead ropes and halters.

2.Avoiding Common Mistakes

•Maintaining control while circling and backing.

•Ensuring horses respond to light cues, not force.

•Watching for signs of stress or resistance.

3.Emergency Situations •What to do if a horse pulls away.

•How to safely correct a misbehaving horse.

•Recognizing stress signals and knowing when to stop.

VII. Conclusion (10 minutes)

•Review key takeaways:

•Importance of groundwork for trust and training.

•Proper techniques for leading, yielding, backing, flexing, and circling.

•How to implement daily groundwork exercises.

•Discuss real-world applications, including preparing horses for riding, vet visits, entering and leaving stalls, loading on trailers and farrier work.

Assessment:

Students will be assessed based on their participation and demonstration of groundwork techniques.

Week 1

Week 1: Basic Horsemanship Course Schedule

Day 1

AM Block (2 hours)

Introductions and Expectations of BHC (Counseling)

Overview of course objectives and structure.

Role of students and instructors.

Code of conduct and counseling.

Facility Orientation (Lesson Plan)

Tour of the facility, including stables, tack rooms, and arenas.

Emergency procedures and rules for facility use.

PM Block (2 hours)

Equine Safety (Lesson Plan)

Understanding equine body language.

Safe zones, approaching, and handling techniques.

Common safety hazards and how to avoid them.

Introduction to Pressure and Release of Pressure

Theory and practical demonstration of pressure/release training.

Student practice with equine interaction.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following day.

Day 2

How to Halter a Horse Correctly (Stall/Pasture)

Steps for safe haltering in different settings.

Hands-on practice for students with instructor feedback.

Quick Release/Tie Rings/Cross Ties (Lesson Plan)

Proper tying methods for safety.

How to use quick-release knots effectively.

Practice session for students.

PM Block (2 hours)

Stall Maintenance (Lesson Plan)

Cleaning stalls: removing soiled bedding, replacing them with fresh material.

Tools, materials, and proper techniques.

Hands-on practice with supervision.

Introduction to Grooming (Caisson Detachment Grooming Policy)

Grooming tools and their purposes.

Grooming techniques, including inspection for injuries or issues.

Practical grooming session.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Day 3

Stall Maintenance Daily cleaning and organization of stalls with an emphasis on efficiency and safety.

Introduction to Groundwork (Lesson Plan)

Basic groundwork exercises: leading, stopping, yielding.

Importance of groundwork for building trust and communication.

Practical exercises with student participation.

PM Block (2 hours)

Groundwork Continuation (Lesson Plan)

Basic groundwork exercises: leading, stopping, yielding.

Importance of groundwork for building trust and communication.

Practical exercises with student participation.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Day 4

Daily cleaning and organization of stalls with an emphasis on efficiency and safety.

Grooming and Groundwork

Students practice skills learned in grooming and groundwork lessons.

Instructor supervision and individualized feedback.

Quick Release and Cross Ties Review

Reinforcement of tying techniques with additional practice scenarios.

PM Block (2 hours)

Stall Maintenance Checklist

Review and practice of stall maintenance with a focus on efficiency.

Review Checklist for stall maintenance

Quick Release/Tie Rings/Cross Ties/ Chapters 1 & 8 Review

Reinforcement of tying techniques with additional practice scenarios.

Review chapters 1 & 8

Q&A session and test preparation

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Day 5

Daily cleaning and organization of stalls with an emphasis on efficiency and safety.

Caisson-Specific Test – Chapters 1 & 8/Knots

Students Test out on Chapters 1 & 8

Students Test out on Knots

PM Block (2 hours)

Guest Speaker: Vet Tech on Equine First Aid and Basic Nutrition

Common injuries and first aid protocols.

Overview of equine dietary needs.

Horse Report #1 Assignment/ Assign Chapters 2 & 4/ Horse Anatomy

Explain report objectives and expectations.

Assist students in beginning research and outlining.

Assign Horse Report #1: Student Hand out- Grading Rubric

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following week.

Lesson Plan #6: Saddling a Horse

Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Saddling a Horse Duration: 60-90 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Understand the importance of properly saddling a horse.

Identify and explain key saddling components.

Demonstrate correct procedures for saddling and unsaddling a horse safely and effectively.

Materials:

Horses (minimum 2) Saddles (English and/or Western) Saddle pads and blankets Halters and lead ropes Brushes (grooming tools)

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (10 minutes) Welcome and Overview Welcome students and introduce the importance of correctly saddling a horse. • Discuss how improper saddling can lead to discomfort, injury, or behavioral issues.

Explain the differences between English and Western saddles.

Emphasize the need for patience and attentiveness when saddling a horse.

II. Key Components of Saddling (20 minutes) Pre-Saddling Preparations Safety First: Ensuring the horse is tied or held securely.

Grooming: Brushing the horse’s back, girth area, and withers to remove dirt and debris.

Checking the Saddle Pad/Blanket: Ensuring cleanliness and proper positioning.

Placing the Saddle Correct Saddle Positioning: Placing the saddle gently on the horse’s back.

Western Saddle: Ensuring the cinch and stirrups are in place before setting the saddle down.

English Saddle: Checking saddle flaps, billets, and proper alignment.

Securing the Girth or Cinch

Western: Tightening the cinch gradually using the latigo.

English: Buckling the girth evenly on both sides, ensuring proper tension.

Checking for Comfort: Ensuring no pinching, bunching, or excessive tightness.

Final Adjustments Checking Billets and Straps: Making sure everything is secure.

Ensuring Even Placement: Checking that the saddle pad has no wrinkles.

Using a Breast Collar or Back Cinch (if applicable).

Checking Horse’s Reaction Observing the horse for signs of discomfort.

Walking the horse a few steps to confirm proper fit.

Demonstration of Saddling Techniques (40 minutes)

1. Instructor Demonstration:

Show proper techniques for both English and Western saddling.

Explain common mistakes and how to avoid them.

Student Practice:

Students will work in pairs with a horse, practicing proper saddling and adjusting techniques under supervision.

Instructor will provide real-time feedback and corrections.

IV. Saddling Checklist and Maintenance (20 minutes)

• Discuss the importance of regular saddle maintenance.

Provide students with handouts including:

Saddling Checklist Common Mistakes and How to Fix Them Saddle Fit Guide Encourage students to keep track of saddle fit and adjustments for different horses.

VI. Safety Considerations (10 minutes) Proper Handling & Protective Gear Always approach the horse calmly and confidently.

Use appropriate saddling techniques to prevent sudden reactions.

Avoiding Common Mistakes Over-tightening the girth/cinch too quickly.

Placing the saddle too far forward or backward.

Not checking for saddle pad wrinkles.

Emergency Situations What to do if a horse reacts negatively to saddling.

Recognizing signs of discomfort or pain.

Adjusting or removing the saddle safely.

VI. Conclusion and Assessment (10 minutes) Review key takeaways:

Importance of proper saddling for horse comfort and rider safety.

Correct procedures for placing and securing the saddle.

How to recognize saddle fit issues

The 3 Step Process (Discussion)

Overview and Welcome:

Cinching a horse is an essential part of saddling up and ensuring the horse’s comfort and safety. It is generally done in three steps:

Steps to Cinching:

Step 1: Initial Cinching (Loose Cinch) Place the saddle on the horse’s back, ensuring it is positioned correctly.

Reach under the horse’s belly and bring the cinch (or girth) up to the billet strap or latigo on the saddle.

Secure the cinch loosely at first to allow the horse to adjust and prevent discomfort or sudden reactions.

Step 2: Gradual Tightening Walk the horse a few steps or gently pull on the saddle to let it settle into place.

Gradually tighten the cinch in small increments rather than pulling it tight all at once.

Check for any pinching or folds in the skin that could cause discomfort.

Step 3: Final Check and Adjustment Once the cinch is snug, check by sliding two fingers between the girth and the horse’s body— there should be enough space to allow movement but not too loose that the saddle slips.

Ensure the horse is not holding its breath (this is known as “cinching up”).

Double-check the fit before mounting, ensuring the saddle is secure and evenly positioned.

Conclusion:

This three-step approach helps prevent discomfort, irritation, or the risk of the saddle slipping while riding.

Week 2

Week 2: Basic Horsemanship Course Schedule

AM Block (2 hours)

Stall Maintenance

Daily cleaning and upkeep of stalls (removal of soiled bedding, refreshing supplies).

Introduction to Desensitization Skills

Theory of desensitization: Why it’s important for horses.

Demonstration of techniques (exposing horses to tarps, flags, and other objects).

PM Block (2 hours)

Groundwork Continuation

Review basic groundwork skills (leading, yielding, stopping).

Introduction to more advanced exercises for responsiveness.

Introduction of Natural and Artificial Aids on the Ground

Understanding natural aids (voice, body position) and artificial aids (whip, reins).

Practical session to apply these aids during groundwork exercises.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following day..

Groundwork Continuation

Focus on building trust and communication through groundwork drills.

Students practice under instructor supervision with feedback.

How to Saddle (Lesson Plan)

Step-by-step demonstration of properly saddling a horse.

Identifying common mistakes and how to avoid them.

PM Block (2 hours)

Cinching: The 3-Step Process

Safe and correct methods for tightening a cinch.

Hands-on practice with a focus on horse comfort and safety.

Saddle Drills (Student-Led)

Students apply saddling and cinching techniques.

Practice walking horses under saddles to build confidence.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following day..

Day 3

AM Block (2 hours)

Static Mounting Exercises (Lesson) Proper mounting techniques with emphasis on balance and safety.

Practice mounting from near side using a block and ground metho

Groundwork Continuation with Saddles

Practice leading with obstacles to refine communication and control.

Students work through a course designed to test groundwork skills.

Practice Saddling and cinching techniques.

Practice groundwork exercises with saddles to help build confidence.

PM Block (2 hours)

Groundwork Continuation with Saddles

Practice leading with obstacles to refine communication and control.

Students work through a course designed to test groundwork skills.

Practice Saddling and cinching techniques.

Practice groundwork exercises with saddles to help build confidence.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following day.

Day 4

AM Block (2 hours)

How to Saddle and Cinch Refresher

Revisit saddling and cinching to ensure student proficiency.

Address questions and troubleshoot common issues.

Saddle Drills (Continuation) Extended practice session under saddle with instructor feedback.

PM Block (2 hours)

Static Mounting Exercises Continuation

Introduction to proper dismounting techniques.

Troubleshooting mounting challenges (nervous or resistant horses)..

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Walk pastures to check safety for evening turnout.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following day.

Day 5

AM Block (2 hours)

Stall Maintenance

Daily cleaning and organization of stalls with an emphasis on efficiency and safety.

Caisson-Specific Test: Chapters 4 & 2/ Anatomy Test

Students Test out on Chapters 4 & 2

Students Test out on Horse Anatomy

PM Block (2 hours)

Guest Speaker: Farrier

Discussion on hoof maintenance, shoeing, and common hoof problems.

Demonstration of trimming or shoeing techniques (if available).

Hoof Health and Care

Lower leg and hoof and common hoof issues.

Demonstration of picking hooves and recognizing problems.

Caisson-Specific Test Preparation: Lower Leg and Hoof (Chapter 6)

Review key anatomy and practical applications.

Q&A session and test preparation.

End-of-Day Activities

Cleaning and organizing all equipment.

Reflect on lessons learned and discuss goals for the following week

Lesson Plan #7: Body Position in Saddle

Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course

Lesson Title: Body Position in Saddle Duration: 60-90 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will:

Understand the purpose and mechanics of the three seat positions (forward pelvis, straight pelvis, backed pelvis). 2. Demonstrate each position in the saddle.

Apply the correct seat position for specific riding scenarios (forward motion, steady riding, stopping).

Materials Needed:

Horses with saddles fitted appropriately for student riders.

Riding arena or safe open space.

Cones or markers for exercises.

Whiteboard or flipchart for explanation and illustrations.

Lesson Plan Breakdown:

I. Introduction (15 Minutes) Welcome and Overview:

Explain the importance of correct seat positions for effective communication with the horse.

Brief introduction to Buck Brannaman’s riding philosophy.

Overview of Seat Positions:

Forward Pelvis: Light seat for forward motion.

Straight Pelvis: Neutral seat for balance and stability.

Backed Pelvis: Stopping seat to cue the horse to halt.

Body Mechanics Demonstration:

Off-horse demonstration using a chair or balance ball to show how the pelvis shifts in each position.

Mounted Demonstration (15 Minutes) Instructor Demonstration:

Demonstrate each seat position on horseback, explaining how body alignment shifts for each.

Show how the horse responds to each position (e.g., forward pelvis encourages motion, backed pelvis signals a stop).

Discussion and Q&A:

Allow students to ask questions about the differences and uses of each seat position.

Student Practice (50 Minutes) Forward Pelvis Practice (15 Minutes):

Students practice rocking their pelvis forward to engage the horse into a walk, trot, or canter.

Instructor provides feedback on alignment, balance, and lightness of the seat.

Straight Pelvis Practice (10 Minutes):

Students return to a neutral, balanced position while maintaining control of the horse.

Emphasis on stability and relaxed movement.

Backed Pelvis Practice (15 Minutes):

Students practice tipping their pelvis back to stop the horse or slow down.

Focus on smooth transitions and avoiding harsh rein use.

Application Drill (10 Minutes):

Students ride through a marked course (walk, trot, halt) applying the appropriate seat position for each section.

Instructor observes and provides individualized feedback.

IV. Group Exercise (20 Minutes) 1.

Simulated Scenarios:

Ask students to use specific seat positions in response to scenarios (move forward to a trot, stop at a marker).

Include transitions between positions to test control and understanding.

Peer Review:

Students observe and provide constructive feedback to each other.

V. Conclusion (10 Minutes) Review Key Takeaways:

Importance of understanding how each seat position communicates with the horse.

How proper use of the pelvis improves harmony and control.

Assessment:

Brief individual evaluation: students demonstrate all three positions and explain their purpose.

Wrap-Up and Questions:

Address any lingering questions.

Encourage students to practice these positions during their regular rides.

Assessment Criteria:

Students will be evaluated based on:

Proper demonstration of forward, straight, and backed pelvis positions.

Ability to transition smoothly between positions.

Application of correct seat position for specific riding scenarios.

Lesson Plan #8: Direct Reining and Neck Reining

Course Title: Basic Horsemanship Course Lesson Title: Direct Reining and Neck Reining Duration: 60-90 minutes

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

Understand the mechanics and purpose of both direct and neck reining.

Demonstrate proper hand positioning and rein usage for each technique.

Apply both techniques effectively during mounted exercises.

Materials Needed:

Horses (one per student) Saddles and bridles with appropriate reins Cones or…