APPENDIX_B.pdf

APPENDIX B

DESIGN COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS

DAVIS-MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE

TUCSON, ARIZONA

INCLUDING ADDENDA

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

Design Compatibility Standards

Davis - Monthan Air Force Base Tucson, Arizona

Hanbury Evans Newill Vlattas and Company

Published January 1998

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The following design compatability standards outline a consistent level of quality and style for all facilities at Davis - Monthan Air Force Base.

These standards provide a reference for everyone involved in base design, construction and planning.

Davis - Monthan Air Force Base is located Pima County, Arizona within the city limits of Tuscon, in a high altitude, desert environment.

Responding to this harsh climate, many buildings on base are influenced by traditional Southwestern desert architecture, using courtyards, thick walls, deeply recessed windows, wide overhangs, trellis and other shading devices. Existing architectural influences off base are minimal.

The Davis - Monthan style will continue to reflect this Southwest influence: horizontal emphasis in building massing and fenestration, simple, rectangular volumes, low sloped roofs, earthtone masonry, metal roofing, and use of various traditional and non-traditional shading elements.

This report identifies design and planning compatibility standards for four zones: Mission, Mission Support, Family Housing and the AMARC (Areospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center). These standards take into account the primary function of each zone, and also identify base-wide design standards will help to create a consistent image for the base as a whole.

Davis - Monthan has initiated efforts aimed at the comprehensive planning of future base facilities and needs.

The Davis - Monthan General Plan deals with broad-scope planning issues. The Vision 2020 AMARC Long-Range Master Plan, the Davis - Monthan AFB Landscape Development Plan, and the Military Family Housing Master Plan are focused on issues that will affect the long term physical development of the base. In addition to these planning documents Davis - Monthan maintains standard architectural and engineering details used at the base, which are available to the design team as computer files. These standards should be used in conjunction with, and complement the intent of these existing, active planning documents and detail standards.

All facilities are now required to meet Force Protection Requirements for anti-terrorism. In addition, all designs must meet the requirements of: the Uniform Building Code (UBC);

the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG), Uniform Federal Accessibility

Standards (UFAS) and Air Combat Command (ACC) Architectural and Interior Design Standards.

These Design Compatibility Standards must be used by all individuals involved in base planning, design and construction.

The success of any design standard is dependent upon implementation and enforcement. It is the responsibility of each design professional working at Davis - Monthan to adhere to the design framework presented in these guidelines. Perhaps more importantly, it is the responsibility of the reviewing agencies, particularly at the base level, to enforce the guidelines. Without a collective commitment to understand and enforce the guidelines, achievement of the aesthetic goals desired at ACC facilities is unlikely.

All tenant units at Davis - Monthan AFB are required to comply with the architectural, landscape, exterior signage and engineering sections of this document.

Any deviations from the standards listed in this document must be approved by the Base Architect, ACC Command Architect or the activity project manager noted in each section.

Waivers to these standards may be requested through the Base Chief Engineer.

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

BASE MISSION

DAVIS MONTHAN STYLE

REGIONAL SETTING

PLANNING

ZONING

BUILDING SITING

CIVIL STANDARDS

STREETS/PAVING

PARKING

SITE LIGHTING

SIDEWALKS/CURB AND GUTTER

LANDSCAPE DESIGN STANDARDS

ACC LANDSCAPE POLICY

LANDSCAPE PLANNING

PLANTING/XERISCAPING

SITE FURNISHINGS

IRRIGATION AND WATER USAGE

ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS

ACC ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STANDARDS

HEIGHT/MASSING

ROOFS

EXTERIOR WALLS

WINDOWS

SITE WALLS AND FENCES

ADDITIONS, METAL BUILDINGS AND TEMPORARY STRUCTURES

RAMADAS, COURTYARDS AND SHELTERS

EXTERIOR SIGNS

INTERIOR SIGNS

INTERIOR DESIGN STANDARDS

ACC INTERIOR DESIGN STANDARDS SYNOPSIS

INTERIOR STANDARDS

ENGINEERING STANDARDS

MECHANICAL DESIGN

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

PLUMBING

ELECTRICAL

FIRE PROTECTION

MISCELLANEOUS

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING (CADD) STANDARDS

BASE ZONING MAP

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STREETS MAP

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BASE MISSION

HISTORY

Davis - Monthan Air Force Base was Tucson�s second recorded airfield. Constructed in accordance with U.S. Army guidelines, on October 6th, 1925 the Army declared the base suitable for military operations. The Tucson landing field was dedicated by Charles Lindberg on September 27, 1927 in honor of two Tucsonans - Lieutenant Samuel H. Davis and Lieutenant Oscar Monthan - both of whom died in aerial accidents while serving in the U.S. Army. In April of 1941 the 31st

Air Base Group became the first unit stationed at the field and on December 3, 1941 the field was officially named Davis-Monthan Field. Davis-Monthan�s two bombardment units shipped out shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor thus entering World War II. For the remainder of the war the primary mission of the base was the training of B-24 and B-29 bomber crews. After the war Davis-Monthan served as a seperation center, processing soldiers for their return to civilian life. The base also served as a storage base for excess bombers and cargo planes. This mission continues today in the form of the Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center.

The U.S. Air Force took control of the installation on January 13th, 1948 and officially renamed it Davis- Monthan Air Force Base. During the 1950�s the base was primarily home to several B-29 bomber groups. The 1960�s brought Titan II missiles and U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, and in 1964 the base began training air crews for the new F-4 Phantom fighter, at the time the nation�s most advanced fighter.

In 1971 the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing located at Davis-Monthan, flying A-7 Corsairs and later A10-A

Thunderbolts. This marked a shift from a strategic to a more tactical mission.

By the end of 1971 the 355th assumed host unit duties and command of the base switched from Strategic Air Command to Tactical Air Command. In 1981, after about a decade under the 355th, the 836th Air Division assumed host unit responsibility. Their tenure as host unit also lasted about a decade when, due to Air Force downsizing, the 836th was deactivated. In May of 1992 the 355th resumed host duties, which it continues to perform as an Air Combat Command base.

BASE COMPONENTS

The 355th Wing is composed of the 355th Operations Group, the

355th Logistics Group, the 355th

Support Group, the 355th Medical Group and the 355th Comptroller Squadron. The 355th provides base operations, logistical and administrative support to all personnel

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

and units on the base.

The major associate units at Davis - Monthan include the Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) and Headquarters 12th Air Force.1

Mission The mission of the 355th Wing is to �provide close air support, forward air liaison for Army forces, command and control, radar surveillance and control, and combat support forces to unified CINCs. Conduct initial and requalification training for all OA-10 and EC-130 pilots and crews. Ensure INF, START, Chemical Weapons Convention and Open Skies treaty compliance.�

1) Davis - Monthan Air Force Base Installa-tion Guide and Telephone Directory, pp. 27, 28; Benchmark Publications, Inc., 1977

THE DAVIS - MONTHAN

STYLE

The Davis - Monthan style, as endorsed in the following pages is a clear response to issues of place and function at Davis - Monthan AFB.

PLACE

The influence of the Sonoran Desert is clearly evident in both climate and architecture at Davis - Monthan. Borrowing from their adobe predecessors, structures adhering to the Davis - Monthan style rely on design to respond to climate. Thick masonry walls provide thermal mass. Broad overhangs and trellis structures provide shade. Deep recesses shade window openings, reducing heat gain. Shaded courtyards and ramadas provide attractive outdoor spaces for people, sheltered from sun and wind.

Aesthetic responses to the landscape also distinguish the Davis - Monthan style. Earthtone masonry surfaces and sloped roofs blend well with the color and character of the desert and mountains. A horizontal emphasis in building massing, fenestration and site walls reflects and reinforces the broad, horizontal character of the landscape.

Whether due to site and climatic response, or deliberate design reference, buildings in the Davis - Monthan style should and do reflect the spirit of traditional Southwestern desert architecture.

FUNCTION

Davis - Monthan is an intense working environment. Efficient function, low maintenance, and economy are, appropriately, high priorities in such an environment.

This manifests itself in both building massing and material selection.

Structures are primarily simple in form and rectangular in plan. Roofs are sloped to drain water efficiently.

Split face concrete masonry units (CMU) for exterior walls and standing seam metal roofing are durable and practically maintenance free. While functionally and economically desirable, this approach also responds positively to the aesthetic character of the place.

Considerations of function and place extend to site treatment. The Davis - Monthan style relies on a low maintenance, low water, xeriscape approach to landscaping. While not all plant material is native Sonoran Desert flora, the xeriscape approach visually complements the desert landscape and the architecture without requiring extensive maintenance.

Due to functional requirements, some structures on base will not conform strictly to the Davis - Monthan style. Particularly in the Mission zone, function and economy will at times override considerations of design compatibility. When a building clearly cannot conform to the standards in total, the designer should understand the individual characteristics that define the style and include appropriate elements in the design to maximize design compatibility.

Waivers to design standards need to be obtained through the Base Chief Engineer.

The following pages outline in more detail the specific elements that, when used consistently, assure a cohesive built environment and define the Davis - Monthan style.

A

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

B

A. Trellised entry with split face CMU and xeriscaping.

B. Dormitory with broad, shading overhang and horizontal massing emphasis. (Building 4220)

C. Deeply recessed window in split face CMU wall.

C

PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS

Simple, rectangular plan and massing

Earthtone split face or ribbed CMU exterior walls

Deeply recessed window openings

Sloped, standing seam metal roofs with broad, shading, overhangs

Horizontal emphasis

Exterior trellis and ramada structures

Xeriscape approach to landscaping

REGIONAL SETTING

GEOGRAPHIC

Davis - Monthan Air Force Base is located on 10,633 acres in

Pima County within the city limits of Tucson, the Pima County seat. The base is easily accessible via Interstate routes 10 and 19. Interstate 10, the major east-west artery serving Tucson, passes just west of Davis - Monthan while Interstate 19 is the major link between Tucson and the Mexican border.

CLIMATIC SETTING

Davis - Monthan�s desert environment, combined with its high altitude (2,550 to 2,900 feet above sea level) creates an ideal environment for flight functions and aircraft storage, as well as for outdoor recreational activities. Mild year-round, the region averages more than 300 days of sunshine and only 12 inches of rainfall annually The most concentrated rain occurs in the months of July and August in the form of afternoon thunderstorms.

The two months average about 15 days of showers. In summer, the average low temperature is 73 degrees and the average high is 98.

Winter lows average 41 degrees with a high of 65. The area averages 138 days with temperatures in excess of 90 degrees and 19 days with temperatures below 32 degrees.1,2

Prevailing winds are typically 6-8 knots, direction as follows:

9 AM - 11 AM Southeast 11 AM - 7 PM Northwest 7 PM - 11 PM Southeast

Maximum sun angles range from approximately 81 degrees in summer to 33 degrees in winter. Because of the high summer temperature range, the limited natural shade and the high percentage of sunny days, solar control is a high priority on any project designed for Davis - Monthan.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING

The Tucson area is situated on a high valley floor in the midst of five mountain ranges - the Santa Catalinas, the Santa Ritas, the Sierritas, the Rincons and the Tucson Mountains. Davis - Monthan AFB is situated in this valley floor near the center of the Tucson Basin. Surface soils on the base consist of silts, clays, sands and gravels. Subsurface soils consist largely of clays, rocks and caliche type soils, typically rock-like in nature. While an ideal surface for outdoor aircraft storage, the caliche is problematic for building construction.

Difficulty in excavation and potentially uneven foundation support conditions can result in increased construction costs.2

Vegetation native to Davis - Monthan consists of grasses, cactus and scrub indigenous to the Sonoran Desert.

Vegetation in developed portions of the base is largely imported non-native flora, artificially irrigated.

While not inhospitable, Davis - Monthan exists in a desert environment.

Conditions are harsh in both geologic and climatic terms. Site specific design is mandatory. It is imperative that design professionals working in this environment recognize and respond to the specific conditions that exist at Davis - Monthan.

1) Davis - Monthan Air Force Base Installation Guide and Telephone Directory, pp. 61, Benchmark Publica-tions, Inc., 1977

2) Davis - Monthan AFB - The General Plan, A Planning Summary document, pp 4.A-2, 4.A-3, 4.A-5, Higgenbotham / Briggs and Associates, Colorado Springs, Colorado

PLANNING

STANDARDS

ZONING

Davis - Monthan AFB is currently segregated into four distinct functional zones. These zones are illustrated on the Zoning Map, Appendix A, at the end of this document and are further described below.

ZONE 1 - MISSION

The �Mission� zone includes areas directly related to the operation and maintenance of aircraft. This includes hangars and runways as well as maintenance, storage and supply functions. This irregularly shaped zone extends north of Arizola Street, roughly to the southwest of First and Yuma Streets.

ZONE 2 - MISSION SUPPORT

The �Mission Support� zone includes areas designated as commercial activity, club facility, indoor recreation, and community service. Also included in this zone are structures housing administrative services related to a wide range of base operations. At Davis - Monthan, dormitory style unaccompanied housing occurs within this zone as well.

This zone is bounded by Yuma and First Streets to the west and southwest, Arizola Street to the north and Craycroft Road and Tenth Street to the east. The 12th Air Force Headquarters is included in this zone.

ZONE 3 - FAMILY HOUSING

The �Family Housing� zone includes areas designated primarily for single family housing for both unaccompanied and accompanied personnel. The zone occupies the area bounded by the golf course to the south, Golflinks and Wilmot Roads to the North and East and Eleventh Street, roughly, to the west.

ZONE 4 - AMARC ZONE

The AMARC (Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration

Center) zone is unique to Davis - Monthan AFB. Occupying some 2,600 acres, AMARC - also referred to as �The Boneyard� - is home to over 5,200 stored aircraft. AMARC is a major industrial center, providing storage, regeneration, reclamation and disposal capabilities for a wide range of aircraft and aerospace items. AMARC occupies the north/central portion of the base.

Throughout the base structures exist that do not fit the zoning categories as described herein. Administrative support functions serving specific hangar buildings are located in the Mission zone. Likewise, dormitories are located in the Mission Support zone rather than in the Family Housing zone. Complete adherence to the zones is impossible in an environment as functionally complex as Davis - Monthan. Care must be taken in these cases to assure that architectural compatibility is maintained within specific zones despite varying building functions.

Some positive base-wide aesthetic trends have emerged in recent construction. Addressing all zones, these aesthetic characteristics help create a harmonious, consistent image for the entire base.

Continuation of these trends in future development will further reinforce the image of the base as a cohesive whole. Functional requirements will, however, lead to architectural treatments that are zone-specific. Aircraft hangars are required to be large and industrial in character and merit little, if any, landscape treatment. In contrast, a child development center should be small in scale and friendly in character.

Only by recognizing the architectural impact that the various functions have on buildings, and continuing to group buildings with similar mission and functional requirements, can functional and aesthetic conflict be minimized and visual cohesiveness maximized.

Both base-wide and zone-specific standards are outlined in this manual.

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

D

C

B

A. Although facing the flightline in Zone 1, this building is more characteristic of Zone 2, Mission Support buildings. (Building 4859)

B. Typical metal building hangar complex in Zone 1.

C. Dormitories in Zone 2.

D. Family housing zone in Zone 3.

E. A combination of split face and ribbed CMU, and standing seam metal roofing in Zone 4.

E

BUILDING SITING

CURRENT

Building siting at Davis - Monthan is at present, primarily functionally driven. While compatible groupings of buildings have traditionally been located in proximity to one another (flight line structures, dormitories, etc.), concern with site aesthetics, green space development and pedestrian friendly design has been the exception rather than the rule.

Newer structures on the base exhibit a more campus-like approach to site design. Visual shielding of parking and utilities, enhanced pedestrian environments, and climate- and topography-appropriate design are evident even in the flight line and AMARC zones. The landscaped plaza on the flight line side of Building 4859 represents a good example of aesthetic and pedestrian response in a mission environment.

While the activities in zones 2 and 3 lend themselves more naturally to the �campus� character desired, the same site design guidelines can - and should

- be applied to projects in zones 1 and

4. While functional site design factors will be given top priority at Davis - Monthan, pedestrian response and connectivity with neighboring buildings should also be a driving factor on all new projects.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Avoid small sites that cause problems for neighboring buildings and unnecessarily drive up costs.

Site buildings with a common function (such as dormitories) in proximity to each other. In addition to sharing common infrastructure, the massing, scale, materials and details can be used to link the buildings aesthetically.

Provide enough space around a complex for expansion. Assume 10% for expansion whenever other supporting data is not available.

When existing traffic patterns will be altered by new construction, provide adequate traffic alternatives to coincide with the construction of the project.

Locate buildings in a manner that provides easy, direct pedestrian access among buildings in a complex. Only encourage driving when walking cannot be accommodated.

Do not use sites that force building functions into basements, third floors or uneconomical shapes such as curves, diagonals or long rectangles.

Use sites that allow open landscape space around buildings to separate them from the pavement. Prevent an overcrowded appearance.

Buildings shall be sited to establish a minimum of 5 percent ground slope away from the building for a minimum of 10 feet. Establish floor elevations at a minimum of 6 inches above any surrounding terrain within 10 feet of the building. Site buildings to capitalize on existing topography when possible.

Use existing or natural grades and contours to develop positive drainage away from buildings, thereby avoiding excessive cut and fill.

Minimum building setback from streets and roads shall be sixty feet from the street centerline unless otherwise approved by the project manager. Building setbacks should vary no more than ten percent from the average setback of adjacent buildings. Setback distance in the family housing zone should be consistent with individual housing groups. Building setbacks shall include all components of the building including mechanical yards, screen walls, porches, etc.

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

A. Grouped dormitories.

B. Paved paths, landscaping and lighting encourage pedestrian circulation between buildings in a functional complex. (Building 4859)

C. Unacceptable! Tight site allows no landscape space around building.

D. Acceptable. Site buildings to provide landscape space between building and paving.

C

D

B

DESIGN COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS11

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

CIVIL

STANDARDS

STREETS/PAVING

CURRENT

Main Roads at Davis - Monthan run primarily in an east-west and north-south grid pattern. Of the base�s primary roads, only Quijota Road, Yuma Street and Phoenix Avenue vary from this pattern.

Paralleling the main runway, these roads run on a northwest-southeast axis. In Zone 3 roads exhibit a serpentine pattern with several cul-de-sacs, typical of suburban neighborhood street planning. See �Primary and Secondary Streets� map, Appendix B, at the end of this document for street layout.

Three main arteries, radiating from base gates, serve Davis - Monthan.

Craycroft Road runs south from the Main Gate to the flight line area. The Sunglow Road/5th Street artery originates at the Swan Gate and terminates at Phoenix Street. These primary roads serve Zones 1 and 2.

The third primary artery, Arizola Street and Quijota Road to Wilmont, serves all four zones and is the primary east-west connector on base.

Secondary streets serving Zone 1 are First and Phoenix Streets. Zone 2 secondary streets include Third , Comanche, Ironwood, Phoenix Yuma and Pichacho Streets.

Ironwood also connects Zone 2 to Zone 3, Family Housing. Serving the

AMARC area are Coolidge Street, Irvington Road and Safford Avenue.

Signs of wear are present on roads in older areas of the base. In general though, roads at Davis - Monthan are in excellent condition. Roadways are typically well maintained, well marked and almost all have curb and gutter.

Street edge treatment at Davis - Monthan varies greatly. At some locations within the dormitory area, streets are extensively landscaped on one side with decomposed granite groundcover, low and medium height plant material and areas of large river rock. On the opposite side of the same street, however, the curb and gutter simply edges unimproved areas of soil and patchy grasses. This appears to result from delayed or unequal implementation rather than a lack of streetscape policy.

Consistent treatment of street edges can be identified at individual locations basewide. Along Craycroft Road a combination of gravel groundcover and medium river rock works well with a formal, palm lined concrete sidewalk to visually identify Craycroft as a primary boulevard.

Along the flight line boundary on Yuma Street, the same gravel and river rock are used, here in combination with a low site wall and low level plant material. This street edge treatment effectively identifies the flight line zone boundary.

The same decomposed granite and river rock, combined with medium height and taller plant material, identifies and punctuates parking lot entrances at several dormitories.

This consistent use of street edge landscape material in appropriate but varying fashions contributes to the basewide visual harmony desired at ACC facilities.

GENERAL STANDARDS

All street edge improvements should conform to guidelines outlined in the Landscape Standards of this document. Refer to Landscape Development Plan, May 1996 for applicable areas. Refer to the Civil Standards section of this document for sidewalk and curb and gutter standards.

A B

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

Intersections of roads or streets shall be no closer together than 150 feet.

All street intersections shall be 90 degree unless otherwise approved by Base Civil Engineer. All new street and road intersections shall have new survey monuments installed as per base standard details.

At major intersections and major parking lot entries punctuated by landscape applications, limit landscaping and site walls within 50 feet of intersections and major entrances to 3 feet in height to ensure minimum 100 foot unobstructed views of traffic. No site walls, shrubs or trees that may obstruct views should occur within 20 feet of any road intersection. Refer to Department of Defense standards for exact view requirements.

Minimum pavement slope, to ensure drainage, shall be 0.60% for asphaltic concrete and 0.40% for portland cement concrete.

All new portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement joints shall be sealed using preformed neoprene compression seals installed per the manufacturers� instructions. All existing PCC joints shall be sealed using pourable joint sealant. See base standard details.

Airfield joint sealant shall be jet fuel resistant.

All traffic signs and pavement markings shall conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).

Standard specifications for pavement and landscape design can be obtained from the Civil Engineering Design section at Davis - Monthan AFB.

These specifications shall be used in their entirety or in part as appropriate. Changes to the specifications must be approved by the Civil Engineering Design Section.

A. Craycroft Road streetscape.

B. Masonry site wall and xeriscaping along Yuma Street.

C. Typical residential streetscape

D. Landscape placement allowing unobstructed visibility at the intersection of Craycroft Road and Ironwood Street.

C

DD

PARKING

CURRENT

Surface parking lots are treated in a variety of fashions, both good and bad, at Davis - Monthan. The dormitory area has perhaps the highest parking demand on base. By locating the bulk of the parking in the space between buildings and by using landscape screening along the road edge, the visual impact of surface parking is minimized on the street.

Less sensitively handeled, at the Self- Help Center (Building 5303), parking is stretched completely across the building�s front rather than pulled to the side. Not only does this create a serious pedestrian hazard, its location completely blocks the building entry, visually and functionally. Cars overwhelm the view toward the building.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Do not locate parking directly in front of a building or entrance.

Do not locate parking between a main viewing street and a building.

If possible, parking should be located behind the building it serves. In no case should parking be designed �on-street�.

Along major street edges parking should be screened from public expanded stall, minimum size 12x18 feet.

Handicap access ramps shall be constructed into concrete curb and sidewalk.

All parking lots shall be striped and signed. No raised, pole mounted parking signs shall be permitted. All parking signs (�Visitor Parking�, �Handicap Parking�, etc.) shall be curb mounted with horizontally slotted screw holes or other provisions for expansion.

Zone 3 parking should allow for an average of 1.5 spaces of off-street parking per unit. Additional parking should be accommodated through the use of strategically placed banks of parking perpendicular to the street. On street parking is not included in required parking counts.

B

A rights of way and adjacent buildings by approved landscaping, berms or masonry site walls.

Design sites to limit walking distance from parking lot to building to 200 feet. For transient and bachelor housing, limit luggage carrying and walking distance to 100 feet.

Use separate parking lots accommo-dating 50 cars or fewer rather than single lots accommodating 200 cars or more. Where large parking lots exist or are required by functional layout, landscape approximately 10 percent of the lot. Screen lots and break up large expanses of pavement with planting islands and buffer strips.

Parking lots shall have minimum 20 foot buffers between edge of lot and building or road.

Angle of parking and stalls in high density, low turnover areas shall be ninety degrees. In medium and high turnover areas, sixty degree parking is preferred. Fourty-five degree angle parking shall not be used.

Parking areas should contain both normal and handicap stalls with 24 foot driving lanes. Standard stall size shall be 20x10 feet. Minimum size shall be 19x9 feet. Handicap stalls shall be standard stalls with a 5 foot common area between stalls, or an

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

A. Curb mounted parking lot sign

B. Unacceptable! Do not locate parking directly in front of build-ings

C. Avoid large uninterrupted expanses of parking

D. Landscaped buffer zones provide screening and shade

E. Planting islands break up large expanses of paving and provide shading

C

E

D

SITE LIGHTING

CURRENT

Site lighting at Davis - Monthan has been approached on a project specific basis rather than as a basewide issue. Building, parking lot and street lighting varies from site to site. Recent construction efforts -such as the Twelfth Air Force Headquarters facility and the lighting at the intersection of Craycroft and Ironwood - incorporate a similar lighting palette. This palette begins to define the architectural character sought at Davis - Monthan and to reinforce the basewide visual harmony sought.

GENERAL STANDARDS

All exterior lighting shall comply with the City of Tucson

Lighting Ordinance 6786.

Exterior building lights shall be fluorescent fixtures. All street, site, plaza, etc. lighting shall be high pressure sodium.

All poles shall be square, straight aluminum. For mounting heights over 35 feet, a square steel pole, tapered toward the top, shall be used.

Luminaires and poles shall be anodized or duranodic bronze aluminum or matching color bronze painted steel finish with appropriate NEMA distribution for its intended function.

All luminaires shall be rectilinear.

Cobra head fixtures are acceptable at remote roadway locations only.

Roadway luminaires shall be arm mounted.

Average mounting heights shall be as follows:

� Sidewalk and plaza lighting - 12 to 50 feet

� Special purpose lighting - 20 to 30 feet

� Parking and roadway lighting - 30 to 50 feet

Selection of poles and fixture types for specific functions should be consistent throughout the base.

Lighting levels and installations should vary with the volume and type of traffic and the visual character desired.

Coordinate street lighting and sidewalk lighting locations with site amenities (landscaping, benches, signs, etc).

B C

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

A. Integrated street and traffic light unit at the intersection of Craycroft Road and Ironwood Street.

B. Cobra head street lighting.

C. Rectilinear parking lot lighting on square pole.

D. Typical bollard lighting. (Building 4859)

E. Rectilinear area lighting. (Building 5426)

D

SIDEWALKS/CURB AND

GUTTER

CURRENT

Sidewalks and curb and gutter installation at Davis - Monthan appear to be in fairly good condition basewide. The use of sidewalks and curb and gutter at Davis - Monthan should be considered mandatory.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Within pedestrian use areas, sidewalks shall be installed at all parking lots and along at least one side of each street.

Sidewalks shall be a minimum of 4 feet wide. A minimum 5 foot wide landscaping strip should be incorporated between the edge of curb and the edge of sidewalk when used along primary roads. Sidewalks along secondary roads do not require landscaping strips. In zone 3 sidewalks should occur on both sides of the street.

Portland cement concrete (PCC) curb and gutter shall be used on all parking lot paving and all streets except in non-containment areas of the base. Curbs shall be a minimum of 6 inches high. Gutters shall be a minimum of 21 inches wide.

Drainage should be along the curb.

PCC curb without gutter is acceptable where drainage does not flow at perimeter.

All parking lots shall be curbed and shall be designed to drain along perimeter curb and gutter. Where runoff is required to flow to the center of a lot, a portland cement concrete gutter shall be used and shall be approved by Base Civil Engineer.

All patches in asphalt paving cut for utility installations shall be underlain with portland cement concrete.

A. PCC curb and gutter with ADA accessible curb cut and ramp.

B. Sidewalk with landscape strip bordering Craycroft.

C. PCC parking lot curb without gutter.

A

B C

Landscape planning creates an attractive environment that promotes the well being of the people who live and work within it. The landscape design provides both a practical solution and an aesthetic statement. As a practical solution, the design supports the functions of the installation and improves environmental quality; it designates areas for different uses, provides privacy, screens unsightly areas, reduces wind velocities, provides shade, assists in dust and erosion control, aids in noise abatement, directs pedestrian and vehicular movement and reduces maintenance requirements. As an aesthetic statement the design also helps to preserve and enhance the quality of base life and the exciting landscape resources; it includes elements of human scale, adds color and texture, provides a balance between vertical and horizontal lines, and improves visual quality. 1

1) - Community Forestry Master Plan Nebrasrka Forest Service, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife - University of Nebraska- Lincoln November, 1978

LANDSCAPE DESIGN

STANDARDS

I n the spirit of overall visual harmony, simplicity and minimal maintenance by design (see ACC design policy statement on page 28) ACC policy suggests the following as general landscape guidelines applicable to all ACC bases.

�All landscaping should comply with the base land management plan.

Develop functional rather than purely visual landscapes and pre-plan to reduce maintenance. Provide a landscaped space uncluttered by vehicles in front, at the entrance, and between the viewing street and the entrance.�

Mowing Strips - Provide planting beds with wide mowing strips such as 4 inch thick by 12 inch wide concrete. Mowing strips should eliminate hand trimming and edging caused by turf creeping into bedding plants.

Plant Material - Use indigenous, low maintenance, adapted trees and shrubs recommended for urban or street use that can survive without irrigation after the first season (one year) warranty maintenance period. Do not use plant material that drops large amounts of fruit or seed pods. Select deciduous tees that drop their leaves early in the fall season rather than those that retain brown leaves most of the winter and continue to be a maintenance problem for many months. Some trees to avoid are sycamore, beech and some oaks.

Surface runoff - Use trees, shrubs, grass and landscaping to reduce stormwater runoff. Terrace steep slopes. Berms - Use berms to screen and restrict views.

Limit berm slopes to 1 foot in 10 feet.

Do not use earth berms against building walls.

Function - Use landscape to reduce energy costs; shade to prevent heat and glare, wind breaks to lessen air infiltration. Use landscape to screen unsightly views, control pedestrian circulation and define entries.

Landscape guidelines specific to Davis

- Monthan are outlined on the following pages.

ACC LANDSCAPE DESIGN POLICY SYNOPSIS

LANDSCAPE PLANNING

CURRENT CONDITIONS

Many successful landscape installations are found throughout Davis - Monthan AFB.

Much care has been taken to establish a basewide landscaping theme using plant materials which thrive in the climatic constraints of this arid region. 100 degree plus temperatures are not uncommon at Davis - Monthan.

Previous landscape design planners have been moderately successful in providing an overall continuity of landscape materials. Few public areas on base are completely devoid of landscaping. Although the base has plenty of examples of high maintenance, water intensive planting installations, the most positive landscape design direction at Davis - Monthan is an indigenous xeriscape approach. Far superior in terms of water consumption, ease of maintenance and compatibility with native flora, xeriscaping presents an environmentally sensitive approach that offers aesthetic advantages as well.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Basewide

Prior to planning, the landscape architect shall perform a detailed site analysis and prepare a preliminary concept plan for the entire project.

The landscape contractor shall perform landscape establishment procedures for a period of at least 120 days from the completion of the entire project.

Landscape design shall comply with the Base Land Management Plan and Landscape Development Plan, May 1996 and AFCEE AF Landscape Design Guide. All landscaping shall be spaces.

Use berms to screen and restrict views. Limit berm slopes to 1 foot in 10 feet. Do not use earth berms against building walls.

Due to the harsh climatic conditions at Davis - Monthan, designs should plan for above average plant loss. Allow for loss of some plant material without disrupting the overall planting scheme.

Avoid planning equally spaced, repetitive rows of planting.

Due to high maintenance requirements, sheared hedges and annual/perinneal flowerbeds should be used sparingly.

Proposed use of flowerbeds must be approved by Base Architect

Basewide, landscaping should be used in conjunction with site walls, for visual screening of mechanical equipment, dumpsters, loading docks, etc. Locate integrated with the surrounding or existing landscape.

Landscape planning should be based on xeriscape practices (See Planting/ Xeriscape Standards, next section).

Landscape plans shall incorporate species from the Davis - Monthan Landscape Development Plan Plant List. The Arizona State Department of Water Resources/Southern Arizona Water Resources Association approved low water plant list may be used as a secondary resource.

Use landscape material to minimize stormwater runoff.

Use landscape elements to reduce energy costs; shade to reduce heat and glare, wind breaks to lessen air infiltration. Use trees in conjunction with manmade structures to provide shade and shelter at playgrounds, picnic areas and community open

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

A. Berms and mounded landscape applications screen views and add relief to the flat landscape.

B. Landscape placement can help iden-tify building entrance.

C. Landscaping used to punctuate an entry plaza. (Building 4859)

B

C equipment, dumpsters, loading docks, etc. away from building fronts and other high visibility areas.

Buildings

Provide a landscaped space uncluttered by vehicles in front, at the entrance and between the main viewing street and the building. Major high visibility buildings and activity areas should be punctuated by defined entry plazas. Planting, special pavement treatments and site furnishings should be incorporated as appropriate to reinforce the prominence of the building.

Planting should be used adjacent to buildings to assist in defining primary spaces relating to the building (courtyards, ramadas, paths, seating plazas, break areas, etc.) and to address building scale. Planting should, in general, be more substantial against the building and diminish as distance from the building or ramada increases.

Landscape planning for mission specific facilities such as hangars and maintenance/storage buildings should be purely functionally driven. This could, in some cases, result in no landscaping on the flightline side of specific buildings.

Mission facilities and facilities fronting or having prominent facades on Arizola Street, First Street and Phoenix Avenue (Mission/Mission Support Zones border) should include appropriate landscaping on the street side.

PLANTING/XERISCAPING

CURRENT CONDITIONS

Davis - Monthan AFB has done well in its ability to address, with landscaping, the geographical, cultural, and climatic conditions of the region. Average summertime temperatures hover around 100 degrees; hence it is imperative to use plant species requiring little moisture (whether indigenous or exotic) combined with inert groundcover materials such as gravel mulches and boulders. This practice

- known as xeriscaping -significantly reduces the long-term need for irrigation and maintenance.

While variation from this xeriscape approach may be justified in some instances, it is clearly the most logical and aesthetically pleasing direction in use at Davis - Monthan.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Use xeriscape principles in all plant material selection and landscape design at Davis - Monthan AFB. Basic xeriscape principals include:

� Group and locate higher water use plants close to human use areas.

� Limit turf areas.

� Employ water efficient irrigation systems. See Irrigation and Water Usage section of this document for specific information.

� Passively harvest rainwater for beneficial use.

� Improve and protect soil with organic and inert mulches.

Gravels in multiple colors and sizes allow a variety of application options. Mulch use shall be limited due to its moisture content and the drying effects of the sun. All inert material shall be treated with an approved pre-emergent herbicide prior to the completion of the project

� Use low water plant material as per the Davis - Monthan Landscape Development Plan Plant List.

� Specify proper maintenance materials.

Conditions found at Davis - Monthan limit the use of lush plant material as a viable groundcover.

Plant material, if used as a groundcover, should be selected based on limited water and maintenance requirements.

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

ACCEPTABLE INERT MATERIALS

Decomposed Granite - red, 3/4� or less

River Stone - salt river rock, 3�-8�.

Boulders - Catalina Mountain granite, 8-64 cubic feet, All inert materials shall be included as submittals on AF Form 66, Schedule of Materials Submittals.

A. Xeriscaping does not necessarily mean lack of color.

B. Saguaro cactus.

C. River rock, decomposed granite and low water plant material.

(Building 5426)

D. Inert ground cover used to define a path.

D

C

SITE FURNISHINGS

CURRENT CONDITIONS

While site furnishings and related pedestrian amenities are present at Davis - Monthan, applications are largely facility specific rather than adhering to a basewide standard. A wide variety of styles of benches, shelters, trash receptacles, and other amenities are found.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Site furnishing should be considered in all new construction, renovation and street improvement projects. In addition to those listed above, site furnishings may also include play equipment, tables, mailboxes, drinking fountains, and flagpoles. Some base-standard furnishing are indicated on the following page. Standards for picnic shelters are discussed in the chapter Ramadas, Courtyards and Shelters.

When site furnishings are warranted, use the base standard furnishings to reinforce overall visual harmony.

Submit amenities not included in base standards for review and inclusion into base standards.

Amenities include trash receptacles, ash urns, benches, tables, mailboxes, drinking fountains, telephone booths, bus shelters, kiosks, flagpoles, bike racks, and picnic shelters.

Furniture shall be comfortable, durable, vandal resistant and easily maintained.

Site furnishing shall be accessible to the handicapped and comply with the requirements of ADA/UFAS.

Furniture colors and materials should complement the surrounding architecture.

Tables and benches should be made from wood or recycled materials.

Color shall be grey or brown tones.

A

B

Trash can/ash receptacles and drinking fountains shall be precast exposed aggregate concrete. Trash cans shall have dark brown plastic lids. Concrete color shall have beige and brown tones.

Unless otherwise noted, metal shall be dark bronze.

Consider climate conditions in selection and placement of all site furnishings. Solar factors, such as direct heat gain on metal components (especially play equipment), ultraviolet degradation of plastics and shade for users should be addressed. Wind protection, especially during months characterized by strong prevailing winds should also be considered.

When possible, take advantage of shelters, ramadas, landscaping and building mass for solar and wind protection.

Play equipment selection and placement should consider age groups ranging from pre-school to teen. Place play equipment away from vehicular traffic paths in locations easily supervised.

Create small pedestrian pockets along paths by grouping picnic tables, benches, trash receptacles and paving. Develop the surrounding landscape to define the space and provide shade.

DAVIS - MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE TUCSON, ARIZONA

4301 4101

Acceptable Manufacturers

Picnic Table Manufacturer, Style Columbia Cascade, Timberform, Boulevard Series Landscape Forms, Inc., GR4305-56-

Bench Manufacturer, Style Columbia Cascade, Timberform, Greenway Series Landscape Forms, Inc., �Gretchen�s Bench� Series Ultrum, Contour SeriesUF1517

Drinking Fountain Manufacturer, Style Environmental Features, Inc., Type Cambridge Designs, Aggregate Collection

Bike Rack Manufacturer, Style Brandir International, Ribbon Rack Madrax, Heavy Duty Winder Columbia Cascade, Original

CycLoops

Trash/Ash receptacles Manufacturer, Style Architectural Precast, AshTrash

Combo Model 4301 or 4101 Architectural Precast, Side Opening

Round Receptacle UL-1233 Du Mor, Inc., Receptacle 44

A. Benches in shaded areas provide shelter from the sun.

B. Typical playground equipment and shaded picnic area.

C. �Pedestrian pockets� provide areas for socializing.

D. Example of base-standard bus shelter. Provide landscaping and ash/trash receptacles adjacent to shelter areas.

C

IRRIGATION & WATER

USAGE

CURRENT CONDITIONS

Irrigation is widely used at Davis - Monthan to support both native and imported plant material. Most significant landscape installations on the base will be irrigated at least until well established. A large portion rely on permanent irrigation to survive -including most lawns, shrubs, smaller trees, and recreation area landscape installations. Both �bubbler� and �drip� systems are currently in use.

Irrigation, while enabling new plants to establish and older plants to survive, is a burden on a limited natural resource. In addition overwatering can make plant establishment periods longer, increasing dependency on man-made water sources.

GENERAL STANDARDS

Temporary irrigation should be used as a means to establish native or naturalized landscape installations. Permanent irrigation should be limited to major landscape applications at focus areas and special situations only. All irrigation installations must be approved by the Base Project Manager.

Due to mineral buildup and environmental factors (animals/uv) drip irrigation systems are limited in use and longevity. Bubbler type head are a good alternative. Use spray heads for lawn areas only. Minimum 1/ 2" PVC piping should be used.

Reduce supplemental irrigation requirements by directing runoff from �clean� hardscape areas, roof drains and slightly bermed areas where possible, to landscape areas.

Minimize turf areas requiring supplemental irrigation to locations of high visibility and to active/passive recreation areas such as areas near a ramada or tot lot. Wherever possible, combine areas of turf with areas of inert ground cover, limiting use of turf to smaller �targeted turf areas� selected for high visibility.

All irrigation materials, workmanship, and irrigation controller elements shall be concealed as much as possible and guaranteed for a period of one year from the completion of the entire project.

Refer to Base Civil Engineering for current approved irrigation practices and products.

A. Inert groundcover minimizes irrigation requirements.

B. Spray type irrigation at recreation area.

ARCHITECTURAL

STANDARDS

POLICY STATEMENT

The special character of defense installations dictates compatibility over personal style. The limited size and function of Air Combat Command (ACC) bases cannot accept the diverse opinions of the many design professionals without becoming cluttered and unsettled. In this context �good design� is defined as design that contributes to the overall harmony of the base rather than design that attracts individual attention. Good examples of where ACC design goals should lead are college campuses and corporate office parks. Because we do not want monotony, every building does not need to be the same, but some common architectural element or theme should tie all buildings together. Responsible design will achieve this goal.

Use a simple approach to locate facilities. Facilities having similar functions should be located in the same vicinity on uncongested sites, but do not permit parking to dominate. Use indigenous, low maintenance landscape material.

Relate building forms to each other and use low maintenance materials.

Do not paint new buildings. Use materials that do not require painting during their lifecycle. Use neutral colors such as grey and brown.�

GOALS

The following goals have guided the above ACC policy and should also guide all levels of design at Davis - Monthan:

· Site Conditions - Provide site conditions and building forms appropriate to…