Amendment_0004_-_AGE_Storage_-_Specs.pdf

KC- 46A AEROSPACE GROUND EQUI PMENT STORAGE JBMDLPTFL163017

Amendment 01

SECTI ON 31 00 00

EARTHWORK

08/08

PART 1 GENERAL

1. 1 CRI TERI A FOR BI DDI NG

Base bi ds on t he f ol l owi ng cr i t er i a:

a. Sur f ace el evat i ons ar e as i ndi cat ed.

b. Pi pes or ot her ar t i f i c i al obst r uct i ons, except t hose i ndi cat ed, wi l l not be encount er ed.

c. Gr ound wat er el evat i ons i ndi cat ed by t he bor i ng l og wer e t hose exi st i ng at t he t i me subsur f ace i nvest i gat i ons wer e made and do not necessar i l y r epr esent gr ound wat er el evat i on at t he t i me of construction.

d. Mat er i al char act er i s i ndi cat ed by t he bor i ng l ogs.

1. 2 REFERENCES

The publ i cat i ons l i s t ed bel ow f or m a par t of t hi s speci f i cat i on t o t he ext ent r ef er enced. The publ i cat i ons ar e r ef er r ed t o wi t hi n t he t ext by t he basi c desi gnat i on onl y.

AMERI CAN ASSOCI ATI ON OF STATE HI GHWAY AND TRANSPORTATI ON OFFI CI ALS

(AASHTO)

AASHTO T 180 ( 2017) St andar d Met hod of Test f or Moi st ur e- Densi t y Rel at i ons of Soi l s Usi ng a 4. 54- kg ( 10- l b) Rammer and a 457- mm ( 18- i n. ) Dr op

AASHTO T 224 ( 2010) St andar d Met hod of Test f or Cor r ect i on f or Coar se Par t i c l es i n t he Soi l Compact i on Test

AMERI CAN WATER WORKS ASSOCI ATI ON ( AWWA)

AWWA C600 ( 2017) I nst al l at i on of Duct i l e- I r on Mai ns and Thei r Appur t enances

AMERI CAN WOOD PROTECTI ON ASSOCI ATI ON ( AWPA)

AWPA P5 ( 2015) St andar d f or Wat er bor ne Preservatives

ASTM I NTERNATI ONAL ( ASTM)

ASTM A139/ A139M ( 2016) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or El ect r i c- Fusi on ( ARC) - Wel ded St eel Pi pe ( NPS 4 and over )

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08/ 17/ 18, 4: 14 PM

ASTM A252 ( 2010) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Wel ded and Seaml ess St eel Pi pe Pi l es

ASTM C136/ C136M ( 2014) St andar d Test Met hod f or Si eve Anal ysi s of Fi ne and Coar se Aggr egat es

ASTM C33/ C33M ( 2016) St andar d Speci f i cat i on f or Concr et e Aggregates

ASTM D1140 ( 2017) St andar d Test Met hods f or Det er mi ni ng t he Amount of Mat er i al Fi ner t han 75- µm ( No. 200) Si eve i n Soi l s by Washing

ASTM D1556/ D1556M ( 2015; E 2016) St andar d Test Met hod f or Densi t y and Uni t Wei ght of Soi l i n Pl ace by Sand- Cone Met hod

ASTM D1557 ( 2012; E 2015) St andar d Test Met hods f or Labor at or y Compact i on Char act er i st i cs of Soi l Usi ng Modi f i ed Ef f or t ( 56, 000 f t - l bf / f t 3) ( 2700 kN- m/ m3)

ASTM D2167 ( 2015) Densi t y and Uni t Wei ght of Soi l i n Pl ace by t he Rubber Bal l oon Met hod

ASTM D2434 ( 1968; R 2006) Per meabi l i t y of Gr anul ar Soi l s ( Const ant Head)

ASTM D2487 ( 2011) Soi l s f or Engi neer i ng Pur poses ( Uni f i ed Soi l Cl assi f i cat i on Syst em)

ASTM D2937 ( 2017; E 2017) St andar d Test Met hod f or Densi t y of Soi l i n Pl ace by t he Dr i ve- Cyl i nder Met hod

ASTM D4318 ( 2017) St andar d Test Met hods f or Li qui d Li mi t , Pl ast i c Li mi t , and Pl ast i c i t y I ndex of Soi l s

ASTM D6938 ( 2017) St andar d Test Met hod f or I n- Pl ace Densi t y and Wat er Cont ent of Soi l and Soi l - Aggr egat e by Nucl ear Met hods ( Shal l ow Depth)

ASTM D698 ( 2012; E 2014; E 2015) Labor at or y Compact i on Char act er i st i cs of Soi l Usi ng St andar d Ef f or t ( 12, 400 f t - l bf / cu. f t .

( 600 kN- m/ cu. m. ) )

U. S. ENVI RONMENTAL PROTECTI ON AGENCY ( EPA)

EPA 600/ 4- 79/ 020 ( 1983) Met hods f or Chemi cal Anal ysi s of Wat er and Wast es

EPA SW- 846. 3- 3 ( 1999, Thi r d Edi t i on, Updat e I I I - A) Test Met hods f or Eval uat i ng Sol i d Wast e:

Physi cal / Chemi cal Met hods

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1. 3 DEFINITIONS

1. 3. 1 Sat i sf act or y Mat er i al s

Sat i sf act or y mat er i al s compr i se any mat er i al s c l assi f i ed by ASTM D2487 as

GW, GP, GM, GP- GM, GW- GM, GC, GP- GC, GM- GC, SW, SP, SM, SW- SM, SP- SM.

Sat i sf act or y mat er i al s f or gr adi ng compr i se st ones l ess t han 8 i nches, except f or f i l l mat er i al f or pavement s and r ai l r oads whi ch compr i se st ones l ess t han 3 i nches i n any di mensi on.

1. 3. 2 Unsat i sf act or y Mat er i al s

Mat er i al s whi ch do not compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s f or sat i sf act or y mat er i al s ar e unsat i sf act or y. Unsat i sf act or y mat er i al s al so i ncl ude man- made f i l l s ; t r ash; r ef use; backf i l l s f r om pr evi ous const r uct i on; and mat er i al c l assi f i ed as sat i sf act or y whi ch cont ai ns r oot and ot her or gani c mat t er or f r ozen mat er i al . Not i f y t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer when encount er i ng any cont ami nat ed mat er i al s.

1. 3. 3 Cohesi onl ess and Cohesi ve Mat er i al s

Cohesi onl ess mat er i al s i ncl ude mat er i al s c l assi f i ed i n ASTM D2487 as GW, GP, SW, and SP. Cohesi ve mat er i al s i ncl ude mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GC, SC, ML, CL, MH, and CH. Mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GM and SM wi l l be i dent i f i ed as cohesi onl ess onl y when t he f i nes ar e nonpl ast i c. Per f or m t est i ng, r equi r ed f or c l assi f y i ng mat er i al s, i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D4318, ASTM C136/ C136M and ASTM D1140.

1. 3. 4 Degr ee of Compact i on

Degr ee of compact i on r equi r ed, except as not ed i n t he second sent ence, i s expr essed as a per cent age of t he maxi mum densi t y obt ai ned by t he t est pr ocedur e pr esent ed i n ASTM D1557 abbr evi at ed as a per cent of l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y. Si nce ASTM D1557 appl i es onl y t o soi l s t hat have 30 per cent or l ess by wei ght of t hei r par t i c l es r et ai ned on t he 3/ 4 i nch si eve, expr ess t he degr ee of compact i on f or mat er i al havi ng mor e t han 30 per cent by wei ght of t hei r par t i c l es r et ai ned on t he 3/ 4 i nch si eve as a per cent age of t he maxi mum densi t y i n accor dance wi t h AASHTO T 180 and cor r ect ed wi t h AASHTO T 224. To mai nt ai n t he same per cent age of coar se mat er i al , use t he " r emove and r epl ace" pr ocedur e as descr i bed i n NOTE 8 of Par agr aph 7. 2 i n AASHTO T 180.

1. 3. 5 Topsoil

Mat er i al sui t abl e f or t opsoi l s obt ai ned f r om Of f s i t e ar ea i s def i ned as:

Nat ur al , f r i abl e soi l r epr esent at i ve of pr oduct i ve, wel l - dr ai ned soi l s i n t he ar ea, f r ee of subsoi l , st umps, r ocks l ar ger t han one i nch di amet er , br ush, weeds, t oxi c subst ances, and ot her mat er i al det r i ment al t o pl ant gr owt h. Amend t opsoi l pH r ange t o obt ai n a pH of 5. 5 t o 7.

1. 3. 6 Har d/ Unyi el di ng Mat er i al s

Har d/ Unyi el di ng mat er i al s compr i se weat her ed r ock, dense consol i dat ed deposi t s, or congl omer at e mat er i al s whi ch ar e not i ncl uded i n t he def i ni t i on of " r ock" wi t h st ones gr eat er t han t hr ee i nch i n any di mensi on or as def i ned by t he pi pe manuf act ur er , whi chever i s smal l er . These mat er i al s usual l y r equi r e t he use of heavy excavat i on equi pment , r i pper t eet h, or j ack hammer s f or r emoval .

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1. 3. 7 Rock

Sol i d homogeneous i nt er l ocki ng cr yst al l i ne mat er i al wi t h f i r ml y cement ed, l ami nat ed, or f ol i at ed masses or congl omer at e deposi t s, nei t her of whi ch can be r emoved wi t hout syst emat i c dr i l l i ng and bl ast i ng, dr i l l i ng and t he use of expansi on j acks or f eat her wedges, or t he use of backhoe- mount ed pneumat i c hol e puncher s or r ock br eaker s; al so l ar ge boul der s, bur i ed masonr y, or concr et e ot her t han pavement exceedi ng 1/ 2 cubi c yar d i n vol ume. Removal of har d mat er i al wi l l not be consi der ed r ock excavat i on because of i nt er mi t t ent dr i l l i ng and bl ast i ng t hat i s per f or med mer el y t o i ncr ease pr oduct i on.

1. 3. 6 Unst abl e Mat er i al ( St r uct ur al Fi l l )

Unst abl e mat er i al s ar e t oo wet t o pr oper l y suppor t t he ut i l i t y pi pe, condui t , or appur t enant st r uct ur e.

1. 3. 7 Sel ect Gr anul ar Mat er i al

1. 3. 7. 1 Gener al Requi r ement s

Sel ect gr anul ar mat er i al ( St r uct ur al f i l l ) consi st of mat er i al s c l assi f i ed as GW, GP, SW, SP, by ASTM D2487 wher e i ndi cat ed. The l i qui d l i mi t of such mat er i al must not exceed 35 per cent when t est ed i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D4318. The pl ast i c i t y i ndex must not be gr eat er t han 12 per cent when t est ed i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D4318, and not mor e t han 3510 per cent by wei ght may be f i ner t han No. 200 si eve when t est ed i n accor dance wi t h

ASTM D1140.

1. 3. 8 I ni t i al Backf i l l Mat er i al

I ni t i al backf i l l consi st s of sel ect gr anul ar mat er i al or sat i sf act or y mat er i al s f r ee f r om r ocks t hr ee i nches or l ar ger i n any di mensi on or f r ee f r om r ocks of such si ze as r ecommended by t he pi pe manuf act ur er , whi chever i s smal l er . When t he pi pe i s coat ed or wr apped f or cor r osi on pr ot ect i on, f r ee t he i ni t i al backf i l l mat er i al of st ones l ar ger t han t hr ee i nches i n any di mensi on or as r ecommended by t he pi pe manuf act ur er , whi chever i s smaller.

1. 4 SYSTEM DESCRI PTI ON

Subsur f ace soi l bor i ng l ogs ar e appended t o t he SPECI AL CONTRACT REQUI REMENTS. These dat a r epr esent t he best subsur f ace i nf or mat i on avai l abl e; however , var i at i ons may exi st i n t he subsur f ace bet ween bor i ng locations.

1. 4. 1 Cl assi f i cat i on of Excavat i on

No consi der at i on wi l l be gi ven t o t he nat ur e of t he mat er i al s, and al l excavat i on wi l l be desi gnat ed as uncl assi f i ed excavat i on.

1. 4. 2 Dewat er i ng Wor k Pl an

Submi t pr ocedur es f or accompl i shi ng dewat er i ng wor k.

1. 5 SUBMITTALS

Gover nment appr oval i s r equi r ed f or submi t t al s wi t h a " G" desi gnat i on;

submi t t al s not havi ng a " G" desi gnat i on ar e f or i nf or mat i on onl y. When

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 4 used, a desi gnat i on f ol l owi ng t he " G" desi gnat i on i dent i f i es t he of f i ce t hat wi l l r evi ew t he submi t t al f or t he Gover nment . Submi t t al s wi t h an " S" ar e f or i ncl usi on i n t he Sust ai nabi l i t y eNot ebook, i n conf or mance t o Section 01 33 29 SUSTAI NABI LI TY REPORTI NG. Submi t t he f ol l owi ng i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on 01 33 00 SUBMI TTAL PROCEDURES:

SD- 01 Pr econst r uct i on Submi t t al s

Shoring ; G, RO Dewat er i ng Wor k Pl an; G, RO

SD- 03 Pr oduct Dat a

Ut i l i zat i on of Excavat ed Mat er i al s; G, RO Openi ng of any Excavat i on or Bor r ow Pi t Shoul der Const r uct i on

SD- 06 Test Repor t s

Testing ; G, RO

Bor r ow Si t e Test i ng; G, RO

Wi t hi n 24 hour s of concl usi on of physi cal t est s, submi t 2 copi es of t est r esul t s, i ncl udi ng cal i br at i on cur ves and r esul t s of cal i br at i on t est s.

SD- 07 Cer t i f i cat es

Testing ; G, RO

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2. 1 REQUI REMENTS FOR OFFSI TE SOI LS

Test of f s i t e soi l s br ought i n f or use as backf i l l f or Tot al Pet r ol eum Hydr ocar bons ( TPH) , Benzene, Tol uene, Et hyl Benzene, and Xyl ene ( BTEX) and f ul l Toxi c i t y Char act er i st i c Leachi ng Pr ocedur e ( TCLP) i ncl udi ng i gni t abi l i t y , cor r osi v i t y and r eact i v i t y. Backf i l l shal l cont ai n a maxi mum of 100 par t s per mi l l i on ( ppm) of t ot al pet r ol eum hydr ocar bons ( TPH) and a maxi mum of 10 ppm of t he sum of Benzene, Tol uene, Et hyl Benzene, and Xyl ene ( BTEX) and shal l pass t he TCPL t est . Det er mi ne TPH concent r at i ons by usi ng EPA 600/ 4- 79/ 020 Met hod 418. 1. Det er mi ne BTEX concent r at i ons by usi ng EPA SW- 846. 3- 3 Met hod 5030/ 8020. Per f or m TCLP i n accor dance wi t h EPA SW- 846. 3- 3 Met hod 1311. Pr ovi de Bor r ow Si t e Test i ng f or TPH, BTEX and TCLP f r om a composi t e sampl e of mat er i al f r om t he bor r ow si t e, wi t h at l east one t est f r om each bor r ow si t e. Do not br i ng mat er i al onsi t e unt i l t est s have been appr oved by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer .

2. 2 BURI ED WARNI NG AND I DENTI FI CATI ON TAPE

Pr ovi de pol yet hyl ene pl ast i c and met al l i c cor e or met al l i c- f aced, aci d-and al kal i - r esi st ant , pol yet hyl ene pl ast i c war ni ng t ape manuf act ur ed speci f i cal l y f or war ni ng and i dent i f i cat i on of bur i ed ut i l i t y l i nes.

Pr ovi de t ape on r ol l s, 3 i nches mi ni mum wi dt h, col or coded as speci f i ed bel ow f or t he i nt ended ut i l i t y wi t h war ni ng and i dent i f i cat i on i mpr i nt ed i n bol d bl ack l et t er s cont i nuousl y over t he ent i r e t ape l engt h. War ni ng and i dent i f i cat i on t o r ead, " CAUTI ON, BURI ED ( i nt ended ser vi ce) LI NE BELOW" or s i mi l ar wor di ng. Pr ovi de per manent col or and pr i nt i ng, SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 5 unaf f ect ed by moi st ur e or soi l .

War ni ng Tape Col or Codes

Red Electric

Yellow Gas, Oi l ; Danger ous Mat er i al s

Orange Tel ephone and Ot her Communi cat i ons

Blue Wat er Syst ems

Green Sewer Syst ems

White St eam Syst ems

Gray Compr essed Ai r

2. 2. 1 War ni ng Tape f or Met al l i c Pi pi ng

Pr ovi de aci d and al kal i - r esi st ant pol yet hyl ene pl ast i c t ape conf or mi ng t o t he wi dt h, col or , and pr i nt i ng r equi r ement s speci f i ed above, wi t h a mi ni mum t hi ckness of 0. 003 i nch and a mi ni mum st r engt h of 1500 psi l engt hwi se, and 1250 psi cr osswi se, wi t h a maxi mum 350 per cent el ongat i on.

2. 2. 2 Det ect abl e War ni ng Tape f or Non- Met al l i c Pi pi ng

Pr ovi de pol yet hyl ene pl ast i c t ape conf or mi ng t o t he wi dt h, col or , and pr i nt i ng r equi r ement s speci f i ed above, wi t h a mi ni mum t hi ckness of 0. 004 inch , and a mi ni mum st r engt h of 1500 psi l engt hwi se and 1250 psi cr osswi se. Manuf act ur e t ape wi t h i nt egr al wi r es, f oi l backi ng, or ot her means of enabl i ng det ect i on by a met al det ect or when t ape i s bur i ed up t o 3 f eet deep. Encase met al l i c el ement of t he t ape i n a pr ot ect i ve j acket or pr ovi de wi t h ot her means of cor r osi on pr ot ect i on.

2. 3 DETECTI ON WI RE FOR NON- METALLI C PI PI NG

I nsul at e a s i ngl e st r and, sol i d copper det ect i on wi r e wi t h a mi ni mum of 12

AWG.

2. 3 Beddi ng Mat er i al

Pr ovi de beddi ng mat er i al consi st i ng of sand, gr avel , or cr ushed r ock, wel l gr aded, wi t h a maxi mum par t i c l e s i ze of 2 i nches. Compose mat er i al of t ough, dur abl e par t i c l es. Al l ow f i nes passi ng t he No. 200 st andar d s i eve wi t h a pl ast i c i t y i ndex l ess t han si x.

2. 4 Grout

Pr ovi de dur abl e gr out composed of cement , wat er , an ai r - ent r ai ni ng admi xt ur e, and sand mi xed i n pr opor t i ons of one par t por t l and cement t o t wo par t s of sand, suf f i c i ent wat er t o pr oduce a wor kabl e mi xt ur e, and an amount of admi xt ur e whi ch wi l l ent r ai n suf f i c i ent ai r , as det er mi ned by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Mi x gr out i n a concr et e mi xer . Al l ow a suf f i c i ent mi xi ng t i me t o pr oduce a mi xt ur e havi ng a consi st ency per mi t t i ng gr avi t y f l ow i nt o t he i nt er st i ces of t he r i p- r ap wi t h l i mi t ed

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 6 spadi ng and br oomi ng.

2. 4 CAPI LLARY WATER BARRI ER

Pr ovi de capi l l ar y wat er bar r i er of c l ean, poor l y gr aded cr ushed r ock, cr ushed gr avel , or uncr ushed gr avel pl aced beneat h a bui l di ng s l ab. with or wi t hout a vapor bar r i er t o cut of f t he capi l l ar y f l ow of por e wat er t o t he ar ea i mmedi at el y bel ow. Conf or m t o ASTM C33/ C33M f or f i ne aggr egat e gr adi ng wi t h a maxi mum of 3 per cent by wei ght passi ng ASTM D1140, No. 200 sieve . , or 1- 1/ 2 i nch and no mor e t han 2 per cent by wei ght passi ng t he No. 4 s i ze s i eve or coar se aggr egat e Si ze 57, 67, or 77.

PART 3 EXECUTI ON

3. 1 STRI PPI NG OF TOPSOI L

Wher e i ndi cat ed or di r ect ed, st r i p t opsoi l t o a dept h of 4 i nches. Spr ead t opsoi l on ar eas al r eady gr aded and pr epar ed f or t opsoi l , or t r anspor t ed and deposi t ed i n st ockpi l es conveni ent t o ar eas t hat ar e t o r ecei ve appl i cat i on of t he t opsoi l l at er , or at l ocat i ons i ndi cat ed or speci f i ed.

Keep t opsoi l separ at e f r om ot her excavat ed mat er i al s, br ush, l i t t er , obj ect i onabl e weeds, r oot s, st ones l ar ger t han 2 i nches i n di amet er , and ot her mat er i al s t hat woul d i nt er f er e wi t h pl ant i ng and mai nt enance oper at i ons. St ockpi l e i n l ocat i ons i ndi cat ed Remove f r om t he si t e any sur pl us of t opsoi l f r om excavat i ons and gr adi ngs.

3. 2 GENERAL EXCAVATI ON

Per f or m excavat i on of ever y t ype of mat er i al encount er ed wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he pr oj ect t o t he l i nes, gr ades, and el evat i ons i ndi cat ed and as speci f i ed. Per f or m t he gr adi ng i n accor dance wi t h t he t ypi cal sect i ons shown and t he t ol er ances speci f i ed i n par agr aph FI NI SHI NG. Tr anspor t sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al s and pl ace i n f i l l or embankment wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he wor k. Excavat e unsat i sf act or y mat er i al s encount er ed wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he wor k bel ow gr ade and r epl ace wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al s as di r ect ed. I ncl ude such excavat ed mat er i al and t he sat i sf act or y mat er i al or der ed as r epl acement i n excavat i on. Di spose sur pl us sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al not r equi r ed f or f i l l or embankment i n ar eas appr oved f or sur pl us mat er i al st or age or desi gnat ed wast e ar eas. Di spose unsat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al i n desi gnat ed wast e or spoi l ar eas. Dur i ng const r uct i on, per f or m excavat i on and f i l l i n a manner and sequence t hat wi l l pr ovi de pr oper dr ai nage at al l t i mes. Excavat e mat er i al r equi r ed f or f i l l or embankment i n excess of t hat pr oduced by excavat i on wi t hi n t he gr adi ng l i mi t s f r om t he bor r ow ar eas i ndi cat ed or f r om ot her appr oved ar eas sel ect ed by t he Cont r act or as speci f i ed.

3. 2. 1 Di t ches, Gut t er s, and Channel Changes

Fi ni sh excavat i on of di t ches, gut t er s, and channel changes by cut t i ng accur at el y t o t he cr oss sect i ons, gr ades, and el evat i ons shown. Do not excavat e di t ches and gut t er s bel ow gr ades shown i n t he Ci v i l Dr awi ngs.

Backf i l l t he excessi ve open di t ch or gut t er excavat i on wi t h sat i sf act or y, t hor oughl y compact ed, mat er i al or wi t h sui t abl e st one or cobbl e t o gr ades shown. Di spose excavat ed mat er i al as shown or as di r ect ed, except i n no case al l ow mat er i al be deposi t ed a maxi mum 4 f eet f r om edge of a di t ch.

Mai nt ai n excavat i ons f r ee f r om det r i ment al quant i t i es of l eaves, br ush, st i cks, t r ash, and ot her debr i s unt i l f i nal accept ance of t he wor k.

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3. 2. 1 Dr ai nage St r uct ur es

Make excavat i ons t o t he l i nes, gr ades, and el evat i ons shown, or as di r ect ed. Pr ovi de t r enches and f oundat i on pi t s of suf f i c i ent s i ze t o per mi t t he pl acement and r emoval of f or ms f or t he f ul l l engt h and wi dt h of st r uct ur e f oot i ngs and f oundat i ons as shown. Cl ean r ock or ot her har d f oundat i on mat er i al of l oose debr i s and cut t o a f i r m, l evel , st epped, or ser r at ed sur f ace. Remove l oose di s i nt egr at ed r ock and t hi n st r at a. Do not di st ur b t he bot t om of t he excavat i on when concr et e or masonr y i s t o be pl aced i n an excavat ed ar ea. Do not excavat e t o t he f i nal gr ade l evel unt i l j ust bef or e t he concr et e or masonr y i s t o be pl aced. Wher e pi l e f oundat i ons ar e t o be used, st op t he excavat i on of each pi t at an el evat i on 1 f oot above t he base of t he f oot i ng, as speci f i ed, bef or e pi l es ar e dr i ven. Af t er t he pi l e dr i v i ng has been compl et ed, r emove l oose and di spl aced mat er i al and compl et e excavat i on, l eavi ng a smoot h, sol i d, undi st ur bed sur f ace t o r ecei ve t he concr et e or masonr y.

3. 2. 2 Drainage

Pr ovi de f or t he col l ect i on and di sposal of sur f ace and subsur f ace wat er encount er ed dur i ng const r uct i on. Compl et el y dr ai n const r uct i on s i t e dur i ng per i ods of const r uct i on t o keep soi l mat er i al s suf f i c i ent l y dr y.

Const r uct st or m dr ai nage f eat ur es ( ponds/ basi ns) at t he ear l i est st ages of s i t e devel opment , and t hr oughout const r uct i on gr ade t he const r uct i on ar ea t o pr ovi de posi t i ve sur f ace wat er r unof f away f r om t he const r uct i on activity [ and] [ or ] pr ovi de t empor ar y di t ches, swal es, and ot her dr ai nage f eat ur es and equi pment as r equi r ed t o mai nt ai n dr y soi l s. When unsui t abl e wor ki ng pl at f or ms f or equi pment oper at i on and unsui t abl e soi l suppor t f or subsequent const r uct i on f eat ur es devel op, r emove unsui t abl e mat er i al and pr ovi de new soi l mat er i al as speci f i ed her ei n. I t i s t he r esponsi bi l i t y of t he Cont r act or t o assess t he soi l and gr ound wat er condi t i ons pr esent ed by t he pl ans and speci f i cat i ons and t o empl oy necessar y measur es t o per mi t const r uct i on t o pr oceed.

3. 2. 3 Dewatering

Cont r ol gr oundwat er f l owi ng t owar d or i nt o excavat i ons t o pr event s l oughi ng of excavat i on s l opes and wal l s, boi l s, upl i f t and heave i n t he excavat i on and t o el i mi nat e i nt er f er ence wi t h or der l y pr ogr ess of const r uct i on. Do not per mi t Fr ench dr ai ns, sumps, di t ches or t r enches within 3 f eet of t he f oundat i on of any st r uct ur e, except wi t h speci f i c wr i t t en appr oval , and af t er speci f i c cont r act ual pr ovi s i ons f or r est or at i on of t he f oundat i on ar ea have been made. Take cont r ol measur es by t he t i me t he excavat i on r eaches t he wat er l evel i n or der t o mai nt ai n t he i nt egr i t y of t he i n s i t u mat er i al . Whi l e t he excavat i on i s open, mai nt ai n t he wat er l evel cont i nuousl y, at l east 2 f eet bel ow t he wor ki ng l evel . Oper at e dewat er i ng syst em cont i nuousl y unt i l const r uct i on wor k bel ow exi st i ng wat er l evel s i s compl et e. Submi t per f or mance r ecor ds weekly.

3. 2. 4 Tr ench Excavat i on Requi r ement s

Excavat e t he t r ench as r ecommended by t he manuf act ur er of t he pi pe t o be i nst al l ed. Sl ope t r ench wal l s bel ow t he t op of t he pi pe, or make ver t i cal , and of such wi dt h as r ecommended i n t he manuf act ur er ' s pr i nt ed i nst al l at i on manual . Pr ovi de ver t i cal t r ench wal l s wher e no manuf act ur er ' s pr i nt ed i nst al l at i on manual i s avai l abl e. Shor e t r ench wal l s mor e t han five 2 f eet hi gh, or as r equi r ed by OSHA excavat i on r egul at i ons or cut back t o a st abl e s l ope, or pr ovi de wi t h equi val ent

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 8 means of pr ot ect i on f or empl oyees who may be exposed t o movi ng gr ound or cave i n. Shor e ver t i cal t r ench wal l s mor e t han f i ve f eet hi gh. Excavat e t r ench wal l s whi ch ar e cut back t o at l east t he angl e of r epose of t he soi l . Gi ve speci al at t ent i on t o s l opes whi ch may be adver sel y af f ect ed by weat her or moi st ur e cont ent . Do not exceed t he t r ench wi dt h bel ow t he pi pe t op of 24 i nches pl us pi pe out si de di amet er ( O. D. ) f or pi pes of l ess than 24 i nches i nsi de di amet er , and do not exceed 36 i nches pl us pi pe out si de di amet er f or s i zes l ar ger t han 24 i nches i nsi de di amet er . Wher e r ecommended t r ench wi dt hs ar e exceeded, pr ovi de r edesi gn, st r onger pi pe, or speci al i nst al l at i on pr ocedur es by t he Cont r act or . The Cont r act or i s r esponsi bl e f or t he cost of r edesi gn, st r onger pi pe, or speci al i nst al l at i on pr ocedur es wi t hout any addi t i onal cost t o t he Gover nment . The cont r act or sol el y r esponsi bl e f or excavat i on.

3. 2. 4. 1 Bot t om Pr epar at i on

Gr ade t he bot t oms of t r enches accur at el y t o pr ovi de uni f or m bear i ng and suppor t f or t he bot t om quadr ant of each sect i on of t he pi pe. Excavat e bel l hol es t o t he necessar y s i ze at each j oi nt or coupl i ng t o el i mi nat e poi nt bear i ng. Remove st ones of three 2 i nch or gr eat er i n any di mensi on, or as r ecommended by t he pi pe manuf act ur er , whi chever i s smal l er , t o avoi d poi nt bear i ng.

3. 2. 4. 2 Removal of Unyi el di ng Mat er i al

Wher e unyi el di ng mat er i al i s encount er ed i n t he bot t om of t he t r ench, r emove such mat er i al f our i nch bel ow t he r equi r ed gr ade and r epl aced wi t h sui t abl e mat er i al s as pr ovi ded i n par agr aph BACKFI LLI NG AND COMPACTI ON.

3. 2. 4. 2 Removal of Unst abl e Mat er i al

Wher e unst abl e mat er i al i s encount er ed i n t he bot t om of t he t r ench, r emove such mat er i al t o t he dept h di r ect ed and r epl ace i t t o t he pr oper gr ade wi t h sel ect gr anul ar mat er i al as pr ovi ded i n par agr aph BACKFI LLI NG AND COMPACTI ON. When r emoval of unst abl e mat er i al i s r equi r ed due t o t he Cont r act or ' s f aul t or negl ect i n per f or mi ng t he wor k, t he Cont r act or i s r esponsi bl e f or excavat i ng t he r esul t i ng mat er i al and r epl aci ng i t wi t hout addi t i onal cost t o t he Gover nment .

3. 2. 4. 3 Excavat i on f or Appur t enances

Pr ovi de excavat i on f or manhol es, cat ch- basi ns, i nl et s, or s i mi l ar st r uct ur es suf f i c i ent t o l eave at l east 12 i nches cl ear bet ween t he out er st r uct ur e sur f aces and t he f ace of t he excavat i on or suppor t member s. of suf f i c i ent s i ze t o per mi t t he pl acement and r emoval of f or ms f or t he f ul l l engt h and wi dt h of st r uct ur e f oot i ngs and f oundat i ons as shown. Cl ean r ock or l oose debr i s and cut t o a f i r m sur f ace ei t her l evel , st epped, or ser r at ed, as shown or as di r ect ed. Remove l oose di s i nt egr at ed r ock and t hi n st r at a. Speci f y r emoval of unst abl e mat er i al . When concr et e or masonr y i s t o be pl aced i n an excavat ed ar ea, t ake speci al car e not t o di st ur b t he bot t om of t he excavat i on. Do not excavat e t o t he f i nal gr ade l evel unt i l j ust bef or e t he concr et e or masonr y i s t o be pl aced.

3. 2. 4. 4 Jacki ng, Bor i ng, and Tunnel i ng

Unl ess ot her wi se i ndi cat ed, pr ovi de excavat i on by open cut except t hat sect i ons of a t r ench may be j acked, bor ed, or t unnel ed i f , i n t he opi ni on of t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer , t he pi pe, cabl e, or duct can be saf el y and pr oper l y i nst al l ed and backf i l l can be pr oper l y compact ed i n such sect i ons.

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 9

3. 2. 5 Under gr ound Ut i l i t i es

The Cont r act or i s r esponsi bl e f or movement of const r uct i on machi ner y and equi pment over pi pes and ut i l i t i es dur i ng const r uct i on. Per f or m wor k adj acent t o non- Gover nment ut i l i t i es as i ndi cat ed i n accor dance wi t h pr ocedur es out l i ned by ut i l i t y company. Excavat i on made wi t h power - dr i ven equi pment i s not per mi t t ed wi t hi n 2 f eet of known Gover nment - owned ut i l i t y or subsur f ace const r uct i on. For wor k i mmedi at el y adj acent t o or f or excavat i ons exposi ng a ut i l i t y or ot her bur i ed obst r uct i on, excavat e by hand. St ar t hand excavat i on on each si de of t he i ndi cat ed obst r uct i on and cont i nue unt i l t he obst r uct i on i s uncover ed or unt i l c l ear ance f or t he new gr ade i s assur ed. Suppor t uncover ed l i nes or ot her exi st i ng wor k af f ect ed by t he cont r act excavat i on unt i l appr oval f or backf i l l i s gr ant ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Repor t damage t o ut i l i t y l i nes or subsur f ace const r uct i on i mmedi at el y t o t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer .

3. 2. 6 St r uct ur al Excavat i on

Ensur e t hat all f oot i ng subgr ades have been i nspect ed and appr oved by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer pr i or t o concr et e pl acement . Excavat e t o bot t om of pi l e cap pr i or t o pl aci ng or dr i v i ng pi l es, unl ess aut hor i zed ot her wi se by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Backf i l l and compact over excavat i ons and changes i n gr ade due t o pi l e dr i v i ng oper at i ons t o 95 per cent of ASTM D698 maxi mum densi t y.

3. 3 SELECTI ON OF BORROW MATERI AL

Sel ect bor r ow mat er i al t o meet t he r equi r ement s and condi t i ons of t he par t i cul ar f i l l or embankment f or whi ch i t i s t o be used. Obt ai n bor r ow mat er i al f r om t he bor r ow ar eas f r om appr oved pr i vat e sour ces. t he bor r ow ar eas sel ect ed by t he Cont r act or and appr oved by t he Gover nment . Unl ess ot her wi se pr ovi ded i n t he cont r act , t he Cont r act or i s r esponsi bl e f or obt ai ni ng t he r i ght t o pr ocur e mat er i al , pay r oyal t i es and ot her char ges i nvol ved, and bear t he expense of devel opi ng t he sour ces, i ncl udi ng r i ght s- of - way f or haul i ng f r om t he owner s. Bor r ow mat er i al f r om appr oved sour ces on Gover nment - cont r ol l ed l and may be obt ai ned wi t hout payment of r oyal t i es. Unl ess speci f i cal l y pr ovi ded, do not obt ai n bor r ow wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he pr oj ect s i t e wi t hout pr i or wr i t t en appr oval . Consi der necessar y c l ear i ng, gr ubbi ng, and sat i sf act or y dr ai nage of bor r ow pi t s and t he di sposal of debr i s t her eon r el at ed oper at i ons t o t he bor r ow excavat i on.

3. 4 OPENI NG AND DRAI NAGE OF EXCAVATI ON AND BORROW PI TS

Not i f y t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer suf f i c i ent l y i n advance of t he openi ng of any excavat i on or bor r ow pi t or bor r ow ar eas t o per mi t el evat i ons and measur ement s of t he undi st ur bed gr ound sur f ace t o be t aken. Except as ot her wi se per mi t t ed, excavat e bor r ow pi t s and ot her excavat i on ar eas pr ovi di ng adequat e dr ai nage. Tr anspor t over bur den and ot her spoi l mat er i al t o desi gnat ed spoi l ar eas or ot her wi se di spose of as di r ect ed.

Pr ovi de neat l y t r i mmed and dr ai ned bor r ow pi t s af t er t he excavat i on i s completed. Ensur e t hat excavat i on of any ar ea, oper at i on of bor r ow pi t s, or dumpi ng of spoi l mat er i al r esul t s i n mi ni mum det r i ment al ef f ect s on nat ur al envi r onment al condi t i ons.

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 10

3. 4 SHORING

3. 4. 1 Gener al Requi r ement s

Submi t a Shor i ng and Sheet i ng pl an f or appr oval 15 days pr i or t o st ar t i ng wor k. Submi t dr awi ngs and cal cul at i ons, cer t i f i ed by a r egi st er ed pr of essi onal engi neer , descr i bi ng t he met hods f or shor i ng and sheet i ng of excavat i ons. Fi ni sh shor i ng, i ncl udi ng sheet pi l i ng, and i nst al l as necessar y t o pr ot ect wor kmen, banks, adj acent pavi ng, st r uct ur es, and ut i l i t i es. Remove shor i ng, br aci ng, and sheet i ng as excavat i ons ar e backf i l l ed, i n a manner t o pr event cavi ng.

3. 4. 2 Geot echni cal Engi neer

Hi r e a Pr of essi onal Geot echni cal Engi neer t o pr ovi de i nspect i on of excavat i ons and soi l / gr oundwat er condi t i ons t hr oughout const r uct i on. The Geot echni cal Engi neer i s r esponsi bl e f or per f or mi ng pr e- const r uct i on and per i odi c s i t e v i s i t s t hr oughout const r uct i on t o assess si t e condi t i ons.

The Geot echni cal Engi neer i s r esponsi bl e f or updat i ng t he excavat i on, sheet i ng and dewat er i ng pl ans as const r uct i on pr ogr esses t o r ef l ect changi ng condi t i ons and submi t an updat ed pl an i f necessar y. Submi t a mont hl y wr i t t en r epor t , i nf or mi ng t he Cont r act or and Cont r act i ng Of f i cer of t he st at us of t he pl an and an account i ng of t he Cont r act or ' s adher ence t o t he pl an addr essi ng any pr esent or pot ent i al pr obl ems. The Cont r act i ng Of f i cer i s r esponsi bl e f or ar r angi ng meet i ngs wi t h t he Geot echni cal Engi neer at any t i me t hr oughout t he cont r act dur at i on.

3. 5 GRADI NG AREAS

Wher e i ndi cat ed, di v i de wor k i nt o gr adi ng ar eas wi t hi n whi ch sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al wi l l be pl aced i n embankment s, f i l l s , and r equi r ed backf i l l s . Do not haul sat i sf act or y mat er i al excavat ed i n one gr adi ng ar ea t o anot her gr adi ng ar ea except when so di r ect ed i n wr i t i ng. Pl ace and gr ade st ockpi l es of sat i sf act or y and unsat i sf act or y and wast ed mat er i al s as speci f i ed. Keep st ockpi l es i n a neat and wel l dr ai ned condi t i on, gi v i ng due consi der at i on t o dr ai nage at al l t i mes. Cl ear , gr ub, and seal by r ubber - t i r ed equi pment , t he gr ound sur f ace at st ockpi l e l ocat i ons; separ at el y st ockpi l e excavat ed sat i sf act or y and unsat i sf act or y mat er i al s. Pr ot ect st ockpi l es of sat i sf act or y mat er i al s f r om cont ami nat i on whi ch may dest r oy t he qual i t y and f i t ness of t he st ockpi l ed mat er i al . I f t he Cont r act or f ai l s t o pr ot ect t he st ockpi l es, and any mat er i al becomes unsat i sf act or y, r emove and r epl ace such mat er i al wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al f r om appr oved sour ces.

3. 6 FI NAL GRADE OF SURFACES TO SUPPORT CONCRETE

Do not excavat e t o f i nal gr ade unt i l j ust bef or e concr et e i s t o be pl aced. For pi l e f oundat i ons, st op t he excavat i on at an el evat i on of f r om 6 t o 12 i nches above t he bot t om of t he f oot i ng bef or e dr i v i ng pi l es.

Af t er pi l e dr i v i ng has been compl et ed, compl et e t he r emai nder of t he excavat i on t o t he el evat i ons shown. Onl y use excavat i on met hods t hat wi l l l eave t he f oundat i on r ock i n a sol i d and unshat t er ed condi t i on. Roughen t he l evel sur f aces, and cut t he s l oped sur f aces, as i ndi cat ed, i nt o r ough st eps or benches t o pr ovi de a sat i sf act or y bond. Pr ot ect shal es f r om sl aki ng and al l sur f aces f r om er osi on r esul t i ng f r om pondi ng or wat er f l ow.

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 11

3. 6 GROUND SURFACE PREPARATI ON

3. 6. 1 Gener al Requi r ement s

Remove and r epl ace unsat i sf act or y mat er i al wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al s, as di r ect ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer , i n sur f aces t o r ecei ve f i l l or i n excavat ed ar eas. Scar i f y t he sur f ace t o a dept h of 6 i nches bef or e t he f i l l i s st ar t ed. Pl ow, st ep, bench, or br eak up sl oped sur f aces st eeper t han 1 ver t i cal t o 4 hor i zont al so t hat t he f i l l mat er i al wi l l bond wi t h t he exi st i ng mat er i al . When subgr ades ar e l ess t han t he speci f i ed densi t y, br eak up t he gr ound sur f ace t o a mi ni mum dept h of 6 i nches, pul ver i z i ng, and compact i ng t o t he speci f i ed densi t y. When t he subgr ade i s par t f i l l and par t excavat i on or nat ur al gr ound, scar i f y t he excavat ed or nat ur al gr ound por t i on t o a dept h of 12 i nches and compact i t as speci f i ed f or t he adj acent f i l l .

3. 6. 2 Fr ozen Mat er i al

Do not pl ace mat er i al on sur f aces t hat ar e muddy, f r ozen, or cont ai n f r ost . Fi ni sh compact i on by sheepsf oot r ol l er s, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er s, st eel - wheel ed r ol l er s, or ot her appr oved equi pment wel l sui t ed t o t he soi l bei ng compact ed. Moi st en mat er i al as necessar y t o pl us or mi nus 2 per cent of opt i mum moi st ur e t o pr ovi de t he moi st ur e cont ent t hat wi l l r eadi l y f aci l i t at e obt ai ni ng t he speci f i ed compact i on wi t h t he equi pment used.

3. 7 UTI LI ZATI ON OF EXCAVATED MATERI ALS

Di spose unsat i sf act or y mat er i al s r emoving ed f r om excavat i ons i nt o desi gnat ed wast e di sposal or spoi l ar eas. Use sat i sf act or y mat er i al r emoved f r om excavat i ons, i nsof ar as pr act i cabl e, i n t he const r uct i on of f i l l s , embankment s, subgr ades, shoul der s, beddi ng ( as backf i l l ) , and f or s i mi l ar pur poses. Submi t pr ocedur e and l ocat i on f or di sposal of unused sat i sf act or y mat er i al . Submi t pr oposed sour ce of bor r ow mat er i al . Do not wast e any sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al wi t hout speci f i c wr i t t en aut hor i zat i on. Di spose of sat i sf act or y mat er i al , aut hor i zed t o be wast ed, i n desi gnat ed ar eas appr oved f or sur pl us mat er i al st or age or desi gnat ed wast e ar eas as di r ect ed. Cl ear and gr ub newl y desi gnat ed wast e ar eas on Gover nment - cont r ol l ed l and bef or e di sposal of wast e mat er i al t her eon.

St ockpi l e and use coar se r ock f r om excavat i ons f or const r uct i ng s l opes or embankment s adj acent t o st r eams, or s i des and bot t oms of channel s and f or pr ot ect i ng agai nst er osi on. Do not di spose excavat ed mat er i al t o obst r uct t he f l ow of any st r eam, endanger a par t l y f i ni shed st r uct ur e, i mpai r t he ef f i c i ency or appear ance of any st r uct ur e, or be det r i ment al t o t he compl et ed wor k i n any way.

3. 8 BURI ED TAPE AND DETECTI ON WI RE

3. 8. 1 Bur i ed War ni ng and I dent i f i cat i on Tape

Pr ovi de bur i ed ut i l i t y l i nes wi t h ut i l i t y i dent i f i cat i on t ape. Bur y t ape 12 i nches bel ow f i ni shed gr ade; under pavement s and sl abs, bur y t ape 6 inches bel ow t op of subgr ade.

3. 8. 2 Bur i ed Det ect i on Wi r e

Bur y det ect i on wi r e di r ect l y above non- met al l i c pi pi ng at a di st ance not t o exceed 12 i nches above t he t op of pi pe. Ext end t he wi r e cont i nuousl y and unbr oken, f r om manhol e t o manhol e. Ter mi nat e t he ends of t he wi r e i nsi de t he manhol es at each end of t he pi pe, wi t h a mi ni mum of 3 f eet of

SECTI ON 31 00 00 Page 12 wi r e, coi l ed, r emai ni ng accessi bl e i n each manhol e. Fur ni sh i nsul at ed wi r e over i t ' s ent i r e l engt h. I nst al l wi r es at manhol es bet ween t he t op of t he cor bel and t he f r ame, and ext end up t hr ough t he chi mney seal bet ween t he f r ame and t he chi mney seal . For f or ce mai ns, t er mi nat e t he wi r e i n t he val ve pi t at t he pump st at i on end of t he pi pe.

3. 9 BACKFI LLI NG AND COMPACTI ON

Pl ace backf i l l adj acent t o any and al l t ypes of st r uct ur es, i n successi ve hor i zont al l ayer s of l oose mat er i a not mor e t han 8 i nches i n dept h.

Compact t o at l east 90 per cent l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi ve mat er i al s or 95 per cent l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi onl ess mat er i al s, t o pr event wedgi ng act i on or eccent r i c l oadi ng upon or agai nst t he st r uct ur e. Backf i l l mat er i al must be wi t hi n t he r ange of - 2 t o +2 per cent of opt i mum moi st ur e cont ent at t he t i me of compact i on.

Pr epar e gr ound sur f ace on whi ch backf i l l i s t o be pl aced and pr ovi de compact i on r equi r ement s f or backf i l l mat er i al s i n conf or mance wi t h t he appl i cabl e por t i ons of par agr aphs GROUND SURFACE PREPARATI ON. Fi ni sh compact i on by sheepsf oot r ol l er s, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er s, st eel - wheel ed r ol l er s, v i br at or y compact or s, or ot her appr oved equi pment .

3. 9. 1 Tr ench Backf i l l

Backf i l l t r enches t o t he gr ade shown. Do not backf i l l t he t r ench unt i l al l speci f i ed t est s ar e per f or med.

3. 9. 1. 1 Repl acement of Unyi el di ng Mat er i al

Repl ace unyi el di ng mat er i al r emoved f r om t he bot t om of t he t r ench wi t h sel ect gr anul ar mat er i al or i ni t i al backf i l l mat er i al .

3. 9. 1. 2 Repl acement of Unst abl e Mat er i al

Repl ace unst abl e mat er i al r emoved f r om t he bot t om of t he t r ench or excavat i on wi t h sel ect gr anul ar mat er i al pl aced i n l ayer s not exceedi ng 6 inches l oose t hi ckness.

3. 9. 1. 3 Beddi ng and I ni t i al Backf i l l

Pr ovi de beddi ng of t he t ype and t hi ckness shown. Pl ace i ni t i al backf i l l mat er i al and compact i t wi t h appr oved t amper s t o a hei ght of at l east one foot above t he ut i l i t y pi pe or condui t . Br i ng up t he backf i l l evenl y on bot h s i des of t he pi pe f or t he f ul l l engt h of t he pi pe. Take car e t o ensur e t hor ough compact i on of t he f i l l under t he haunches of t he pi pe.

Except as speci f i ed ot her wi se i n t he i ndi v i dual pi pi ng sect i on, pr ovi de beddi ng f or bur i ed pi pi ng i n accor dance wi t h AWWA C600, Type 4, except as speci f i ed her ei n. Compact backf i l l t o t op of pi pe t o 95 per cent of ASTM D698 maxi mum densi t y. Pr ovi de pl ast i c pi pi ng wi t h beddi ng t o spr i ng l i ne of pi pe. Pr ovi de mat er i al s as f ol l ows:

3. 9. 1. 3. 1 Cl ass I

Angular, 0. 25 t o 1. 5 i nch, gr aded st one, i ncl udi ng a number of f i l l mat er i al s t hat have r egi onal s i gni f i cance such as cor al , s l ag, c i nder s, cr ushed st one, and cr ushed shel l s.

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3. 9. 1. 3. 2 Cl ass I I

Coar se sands and gr avel s wi t h maxi mum par t i c l e s i ze of 1. 5 i nch, i ncl udi ng var i ous gr aded sands and gr avel s cont ai ni ng smal l per cent ages of f i nes, gener al l y gr anul ar and noncohesi ve, ei t her wet or dr y. Soi l Types GW, GP, SW, and SP ar e i ncl uded i n t hi s c l ass as speci f i ed i n ASTM D2487.

3. 9. 1. 3. 3 Sand

Cl ean, coar se- gr ai ned sand cl assi f i ed as i ne aggr egat e i n accor dance wi t h Sect i on NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i ons or SW or SP by ASTM D2487 f or beddi ng .

3. 9. 1. 3. 4 Gr avel and Cr ushed St one

Cl ean, coar sel y gr aded nat ur al gr avel , cr ushed st one or a combi nat i on t her eof i dent i f i ed as coar se aggr egat e i n accor dance wi t h NJDOT St andar d Speci f i cat i ons or havi ng a c l assi f i cat i on of GW GP i n accor dance wi t h ASTM D2487 f or backf i l l . Do not exceed maxi mum par t i c l e s i ze of 3 i nches.

3. 9. 1. 4 Fi nal Backf i l l

Fi l l t he r emai nder of t he t r ench, except f or speci al mat er i al s f or r oadways, r ai l r oads and ai r f i el ds, wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al . Pl ace backf i l l mat er i al and compact as f ol l ows:

3. 9. 1. 4. 1 Roadways, Rai l r oads, and Ai r f i el ds

Pl ace backf i l l up t o t he r equi r ed el evat i on as speci f i ed. Do not per mi t wat er f l oodi ng or j et t i ng met hods of compact i on.

3. 9. 1. 4. 2 Si dewal ks, Tur f ed or Seeded Ar eas and Mi scel l aneous Ar eas

Deposi t backf i l l i n l ayer s of a maxi mum of 12 i nches l oose t hi ckness, and compact i t t o 85 per cent maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi ve soi l s and 90 per cent maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi onl ess soi l s. Do not per mi t compact i on by wat er f l oodi ng or j et t i ng. Appl y t hi s r equi r ement t o al l ot her ar eas not speci f i cal l y desi gnat ed above.

3. 9. 2 Backf i l l f or Appur t enances

Af t er t he manhol e, cat chbasi n, i nl et , or s i mi l ar st r uct ur e has been constructed and t he concr et e has been al l owed t o cur e f or seven days, pl ace backf i l l i n such a manner t hat t he st r uct ur e i s not be damaged by t he shock of f al l i ng ear t h. Deposi t t he backf i l l mat er i al , compact i t as speci f i ed f or f i nal backf i l l , and br i ng up t he backf i l l evenl y on al l s i des of t he st r uct ur e t o pr event eccent r i c l oadi ng and excessi ve st r ess.

3. 10 SPECI AL REQUI REMENTS

Speci al r equi r ement s f or bot h excavat i on and backf i l l r el at i ng t o t he speci f i c ut i l i t i es ar e as f ol l ows:

3. 10. 1 Gas Di st r i but i on

Excavat e t r enches t o a dept h t hat wi l l pr ovi de a mi ni mum 18 i nches of cover i n r ock excavat i on and a mi ni mum 24 i nch of cover i n ot her excavation.

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3. 10. 2 Wat er Li nes

Excavat e t r enches t o a dept h t hat pr ovi des a mi ni mum cover of f i ve f eet f r om t he exi st i ng gr ound sur f ace, or f r om t he i ndi cat ed f i ni shed gr ade, whi chever i s l ower , t o t he t op of t he pi pe.

3. 10. 3 Heat Di st r i but i on Syst em

Fr ee i ni t i al backf i l l mat er i al of st ones l ar ger t han 1/ 4 i nch i n any dimension.

3. 10. 4 El ect r i cal Di st r i but i on Syst em

Pr ovi de a mi ni mum cover of 24 i nches f r om t he f i ni shed gr ade t o di r ect bur i al cabl e and condui t or duct l i ne, unl ess ot her wi se i ndi cat ed.

3. 11 EMBANKMENTS

3. 11. 1 Ear t h Embankment s

Const r uct ear t h embankment s f r om sat i sf act or y mat er i al s f r ee of or gani c or f r ozen mat er i al and r ocks wi t h any di mensi on gr eat er t han 3 i nches. Pl ace t he mat er i al i n successi ve hor i zont al l ayer s of l oose mat er i al not mor e than 8 i nches i n dept h. Spr ead each l ayer uni f or ml y on a soi l sur f ace t hat has been moi st ened or aer at ed as necessar y, and scar i f i ed or ot her wi se br oken up so t hat t he f i l l wi l l bond wi t h t he sur f ace on whi ch i t i s pl aced. Af t er spr eadi ng, pl ow, di sk, or ot her wi se br eak up each l ayer ; moi st en or aer at e as necessar y; t hor oughl y mi x; and compact t o at l east 90 per cent l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi ve mat er i al s or 95 per cent l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or cohesi onl ess mat er i al s. Backf i l l mat er i al must be wi t hi n t he r ange of - 2 t o +2 per cent of opt i mum moi st ur e cont ent at t he t i me of compact i on.

Compact i on r equi r ement s f or t he upper por t i on of ear t h embankment s f or mi ng subgr ade f or pavement s ar e i dent i cal wi t h t hose r equi r ement s speci f i ed i n par agr aph SUBGRADE PREPARATI ON. Fi ni sh compact i on by sheepsf oot r ol l er s, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er s, st eel - wheel ed r ol l er s, v i br at or y compact or s, or ot her appr oved equi pment .

3. 10 SUBGRADE PREPARATI ON

3. 10. 1 Pr oof Rol l i ng

Fi ni sh pr oof r ol l i ng on an exposed subgr ade f r ee of sur f ace wat er ( wet condi t i ons r esul t i ng f r om r ai nf al l ) whi ch woul d pr omot e degr adat i on of an ot her wi se accept abl e subgr ade. Af t er stripping excavation , pr oof r ol l t he exi st i ng subgr ade wi t h por t abl e compact i on equi pment wi t h s i x passes of a dump t r uck l oaded wi t h 4 cubi c yar ds of soi l 15 t on, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er . Oper at e t he r ol l er t r uck i n a syst emat i c manner t o ensur e t he number of passes over al l ar eas, and at speeds bet ween 2- 1/ 2 t o 3- 1/ 2 mph.

When pr oof r ol l i ng, pr ovi de one- hal f of t he passes made wi t h t he r ol l er i n a di r ect i on per pendi cul ar t o t he ot her passes. Not i f y t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer a mi ni mum of 3 days pr i or t o pr oof r ol l i ng. Per f or m pr oof r ol l i ng i n t he pr esence of t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer . Under cut r ut t i ng or pumpi ng of mat er i al as di r ect ed by t he Cont r act i ng Of f i cer and r epl ace wi t h sel ect mat er i al .

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3. 10. 2 Construction

Shape subgr ade t o l i ne, gr ade, and cr oss sect i on, and compact as speci f i ed. I ncl ude pl owi ng, di ski ng, and any moi st eni ng or aer at i ng r equi r ed t o obt ai n speci f i ed compact i on f or t hi s oper at i on. Remove sof t or ot her wi se unsat i sf act or y mat er i al and r epl ace wi t h sat i sf act or y excavat ed mat er i al or ot her appr oved mat er i al as di r ect ed. Excavat e r ock encount er ed i n t he cut sect i on t o a dept h of 6 i nches bel ow f i ni shed gr ade f or t he subgr ade. Br i ng up l ow ar eas r esul t i ng f r om r emoval of unsat i sf act or y mat er i al or excavat i on of r ock t o r equi r ed gr ade wi t h sat i sf act or y mat er i al s, and shape t he ent i r e subgr ade t o l i ne, gr ade, and cr oss sect i on and compact as speci f i ed. Af t er r ol l i ng, t he sur f ace of t he subgr ade f or r oadways shal l not show devi at i ons gr eat er t han 1/ 2 i nch when t est ed wi t h a 12- f oot st r ai ght edge appl i ed bot h par al l el and at r i ght angl es t o t he cent er l i ne of t he ar ea. Af t er r ol l i ng, do not show devi at i ons f or t he sur f ace of t he subgr ade f or ai r f i el ds gr eat er t han 1/ 2 inch when t est ed wi t h a 12 f oot st r ai ght edge appl i ed bot h par al l el and at r i ght angl es t o t he cent er l i ne of t he ar ea. Do not var y t he el evat i on of t he f i ni sh subgr ade mor e t han 0. 05 f oot f r om t he est abl i shed gr ade and cr oss sect i on.

3. 10. 3 Compaction

Fi ni sh compact i on by sheepsf oot r ol l er s, pneumat i c- t i r ed r ol l er s, st eel - wheel ed r ol l er s, v i br at or y compact or s, or ot her appr oved equi pment .

Except f or paved ar eas and r ai l r oads, cCompact each l ayer of t he embankment t o at l east 8595 per cent of l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y.

3. 10. 3. 1 Subgr ade f or Pavement s

Compact subgr ade f or pavement s t o at l east 95 per cent age l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or t he dept h bel ow t he sur f ace of t he pavement shown.

When mor e t han one soi l c l assi f i cat i on i s pr esent i n t he subgr ade, t hor oughl y bl end, r eshape, and compact t he t op 6 i nch of subgr ade.

3. 10. 3. 2 Subgr ade f or Shoul der s

Compact subgr ade f or shoul der s t o at l east 95 per cent age l abor at or y maxi mum densi t y f or t he dept h bel ow t he sur f ace of shoul der shown .

3. 10. 3. 3 Subgr ade f or Ai r f i el d Pavement s

Compact t op 24 i nches bel ow f i ni shed pavement or t op 12 i nches of subgr ades, whi…