SECTION 02745 PAV 2008.doc

SECTION 02745

BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM C 29

Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate

ASTM C 88

Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C 131

Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C 136

Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D 75

Sampling Aggregates

ASTM D 140

Sampling Bituminous Materials

ASTM D 490

Road Tar

ASTM D 633

Volume Correction Table for Road Tar

ASTM D 946

Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction

ASTM D 977

Emulsified Asphalt

ASTM D 1250

Petroleum Measurement Tables

ASTM D 2027

Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)

ASTM D 2028

Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)

ASTM D 2397

Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

ASTM D 3381

Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction

1.2 MEASUREMENT

The bituminous material and aggregate to be paid for will be the measured quantities used in the accepted work.

1.2.1 Bituminous Material

The amount of bituminous material to be paid for in units as described in the Unit Price Schedule at 60 degrees F in accordance with ASTM D 633 or ASTM D 1250, using a coefficient of expansion of 0.00025 per degree F for asphalt emulsion.

1.2.2 Aggregate

The amount of aggregate paid for will be in as described in accordance with the unit price schedule as accepted in the completed work or placed in authorized stockpiles.

1.3 PAYMENT

The quantities of aggregates and bituminous material, determined as specified in paragraph MEASUREMENT, will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices, which payment shall constitute full compensation for all operations necessary to complete the work as specified herein.

1.4 WAYBILLS AND DELIVERY TICKETS

Before the final statement is allowed, the Contractor shall file with the Contracting Officer certified waybills and delivery tickets for aggregate and bituminous material used in the bituminous surface treatment. The Contractor shall not remove bituminous material from the tank car or storage tank until initial outage and temperature measurements have been taken; nor shall the car or tank be released until final outage has been taken.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "GA" designation; submittals having an "FIO" designation are for information only. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section01330 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-09 Reports Tests; GA.

Copies of test results, within 24 hours after completion of each test.

SD-18 Records Waybills and Delivery Tickets; GA.

Copies of waybills and delivery tickets shall be submitted during progress of the work.

1.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

No smoking, or open flames shall be permitted within 25 feet of heating, distributing, or transferring operations of bituminous materials other than bituminous emulsions. When tar is used, a full-face, organic, vapor-type respirator and protective creams shall be used by personnel exposed to fumes. Protective creams shall not substitute for cover clothing.

1.7 EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, AND MACHINES

1.7.1 Bituminous Distributors

The distributors shall have pneumatic tires of such width and number that the load produced on the base surface does not exceed 650 pounds per inch of tire width. Distributors shall be designed and equipped to distribute bituminous material uniformly at even heat on various widths of surface at readily determined and controlled rates ranging from 0.05 to 2.00 gallons per square yard, with a pressure range of 25 to 75 psi. The allowable variation from any specified rate shall not exceed 5 percent. Distributor equipment shall include a separate power unit for the bitumen pump, full-circulation spray bars, tachometer, pressure gauges, volume-measuring devices, a thermometer for reading the temperature of tank contents, and a hose attachment suitable for applying bituminous material to areas not accessible with distributor spray bar. The distributor shall be equipped for circulation and agitation of bituminous material during the heating process.

1.7.2 Single-Pass, Surface-Treatment Machines

The machines shall be capable of spraying bituminous material and spreading aggregate in one pass. Bituminous spraying equipment shall conform to the requirements given above for a bituminous distributor. The machine shall be capable of spreading aggregates at controlled amounts per square yard as specified. In addition, the single-pass, surface-treatment machine shall be capable of placing a surface treatment adjacent to an existing surface treatment, forming a joint of the same thickness and uniformity as other portions of the surface treatment. Ridges or blank spaces will not be permitted. Joints in the second application shall be formed at least 1 foot from those formed in the first application.

1.7.3 Heating Equipment for Storage Tanks

The equipment shall consist of coils and equipment for producing steam or hot oil and be designed to prevent the introduction of steam or hot oil into the material. An armored thermometer with a range of 100 to 400 degrees F shall be affixed to the tank so the temperature of the bituminous material may be determined at all times.

1.7.4 Power Rollers

Power rollers shall be steel-wheeled or pneumatic-tired type, conforming to the following requirements:

a. Steel-wheeled rollers shall have at least one steel drum and weigh a minimum of 5 tons. Steel wheels of the rollers shall be equipped with adjustable scrapers.

b. Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be self-propelled and have wheels mounted on two axles in such manner that the rear tires will not follow in the tracks of the forward group. Tires shall be uniformly inflated to not less than 60 psi nor more than 80 psi pressure. The pneumatic-tired rollers shall be equipped with boxes or platforms for ballast loading and shall be loaded so that the tire print width of each wheel is not less than the clear distance between tire prints.

1.7.5 Mechanical Spreaders

The spreaders shall be adjustable and capable of spreading aggregate at controlled amounts per square yard, as specified.

1.7.6 Brooms and Blowers

The machines shall be of the power type, capable of cleaning surfaces to be treated.

1.7.7 Scales

The scales shall be standard truck scales of the beam type equipped with a weight-recording device. The scales shall be sufficient in size and capacity to accommodate the trucks used in hauling aggregates. The scales shall be tested and approved by an inspector of the State Inspection Bureau charged with scale inspection within the state in which the project is located. If an official of the inspection bureau is not available, the scales shall be tested in accordance with state specifications by the Contractor in the presence of the Contracting Officer. The Contractor shall have the necessary number of standard weights on hand at all times for testing the scales.

1.7.8 Weigh house

The house shall be weatherproof and shall be constructed in a manner to afford adequate protection for the indicating and recording devices of the scales.

1.8 SAMPLING AND TESTING

The sampling and testing shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Sampling and testing shall be performed by an approved commercial testing laboratory, or by the Contractor, subject to approval. Sampling shall be in accordance with ASTM D 75 for aggregates and ASTM D 140 for bituminous material, unless otherwise directed. Tests shall be performed in sufficient number to insure that materials meet specified requirements.

1.8.1 Wear Test

The wear test shall be performed in accordance with ASTM C 131 to ensure that aggregates have a percentage of wear not exceeding 40 percent after 500 revolutions. One test shall be performed for every 100 tons of aggregates in stockpiles or at the source.

1.8.2 Soundness Test

The soundness test shall be performed as specified by ASTM C 88 to ensure that aggregates have a weight loss not greater than 10 percent when subjected to five cycles of the magnesium sulfate test. One test shall be performed for every 250 tons of aggregates in stockpiles or at the source.

1.9 WEATHER LIMITATIONS

Bituminous surface treatment shall be applied only when the existing surface or base course is dry. Bituminous surface treatment shall not be applied when either the atmospheric temperature, in the shade, is below 50 degrees F or the pavement surface to be treated is below 70 degrees F unless otherwise directed.

2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

Mineral aggregate and bituminous material of the following types, gradations, grades, and consistencies that meet the requirements of stripping, wear, and soundness tests as specified in paragraph SAMPLING AND TESTING shall be used.

2.1.1 Mineral Aggregate

The aggregate shall consist of crushed stone, crushed gravel, or crushed slag and shall be of such nature that thorough coating of bituminous material used in the work will not strip off upon contact with water. Moisture content of the aggregate shall be such that the aggregate will be readily coated with the bituminous material. Drying may be required, as directed. Aggregate shall conform to the gradation shown below. Gradation of the aggregates shall be determined by ASTM C 136.

AGGREGATE GRADATION

SINGLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)

Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

1 inch 100 -- --

3/4 inch 90-100 100 --

1/2 inch 20-55 90-100 100

3/8 inch 0-15 40-70 85-100

No. 4 0-5 0-15 10-30

No. 8 -- 0-5 0-10

No. 16 -- -- 0-5

AGGREGATE GRADATION

DOUBLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)

Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

1 inch 100 -- -- --

3/4 inch 90-100 -- 100 --

1/2 inch 20-55 100 90-100 --

3/8 inch 0-15 85-100 40-70 100

No. 4 0-5 10-30 0-15 85-100

No. 8 -- 0-10 0-5 10-40

No. 16 -- 0-5 -- 0-10

No. 50 -- -- -- 0-5

2.1.1.1 Crushed Stone

Crushed stone shall consist of clean, sound, durable particles, free of soft or disintegrated pieces, dust, or foreign matter.

2.1.1.2 Crushed Gravel

Crushed gravel shall consist of clean, sound, durable particles, free of soft or disintegrated pieces or foreign matter. At least 90 percent by weight of the particles shall have at least two fractured faces.

2.1.1.3 Crushed Slag

Crushed slag shall be an air-cooled blast-furnace product having a dry weight of not less than 70 pcf, and shall consist of angular particles uniform in density and quality and free of dust and foreign matter. The weight of a cubic foot of slag aggregate shall be determined by ASTM C 29.

2.1.2 Bituminous Materials

The bituminous material shall conform to [ASTM D 490] [ASTM D 946] [ASTM D 977] [ASTM D 2027] [ASTM D 2028] [ASTM D 2397] [ASTM D 3381], Grade [_____].

3 EXECUTION

3.1 QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS PER SQUARE YARD

The bituminous material and aggregate shall be spread within the quantity limits shown below. The individual quantities of bituminous material and aggregate may be varied to meet specific field conditions at all times during progress of the work, as directed, without adjustments to contract unit prices. Aggregate weights shown are for aggregates having a specific gravity of 2.65. If the specific gravity of the aggregate used is other than 2.65, appropriate adjustments shall be made in number of pounds required to ensure a constant volume of aggregate per square yard of treatment.

QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE YARD

[FOR SINGLE SURFACE TREATMENT]

Bituminous

Gradation Material Aggregate

No. (Liter) (Kilograms)

1 0.30-0.45 35-50

2 0.15-0.30 20-35

3 0.10-0.20 15-25

QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE YARD)

[FOR DOUBLE SURFACE TREATMENT]

Bituminous Bituminous

Material Aggregate Material Aggregate

(Liters) (Kilograms) (Liters) (Kilograms)

Gradation First First Second Second

No. Application Spreading Application Application

1 0.20-0.30 28-34 -- --

2 -- -- 0.20-0.30 20-25

3 0.15-0.20 20-25 -- --

4 -- -- 0.15-0.20 10-15

3.2 PREPARATION OF SURFACE

Immediately before applying the first application of bituminous material, the surface shall be cleaned of loose material with power brooms or power blowers. Care shall be taken to remove all dirt, clay, and other loose or foreign matter.

3.3 APPLICATION OF FIRST BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT

3.3.1 Application of Bituminous Material

Bituminous material shall be applied by means of a bituminous distributor at a temperature within the ranges specified in the New Jersey State Highway Department Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (current edition), as directed. The bituminous material shall be applied within the limits specified in paragraph QUANTITIES OF MATERIAL PER SQUARE YARD. Bituminous material shall be applied in such a manner that uniform distribution is obtained over all surfaces treated. Unless the distributor is equipped to obtain a satisfactory result at the junction of previous and subsequent applications, building paper shall be spread on the surface for a sufficient distance back from the ends of each application so that flow through the sprays may be started and stopped on the paper in order that all sprays will operate at full force on the surface treated. Immediately after application, the building paper shall be removed and destroyed. Areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be properly treated with bituminous material using the hose attachment.

3.3.2 Spreading of Aggregate

Immediately following application of bituminous material, aggregate shall be spread uniformly over the surface within the limits of the quantities specified in paragraph QUANTITIES OF MATERIAL PER SQUARE YARD. Spreading shall be done with mechanical spreaders. Aggregate shall be spread evenly by hand on all areas missed by the mechanical spreader. Equipment spreading aggregate shall be operated so that bituminous material will be covered before any vehicle travels thereon. When hand spreading is employed on inaccessible areas, aggregate shall be spread directly from trucks. Additional aggregate shall be spread by hand over areas having insufficient cover, and spreading shall continue during these operations when necessary.

3.4 BROOMING AND ROLLING

The surface shall be rolled with a pneumatic-tired and a steel-wheeled roller after sufficient aggregate is spread. Rolling shall continue until no more aggregate can be worked into the treated surface. The use of the steel-wheeled roller will be discontinued, or a lighter weight steel wheel roller substituted, as directed, if the roller being used causes excessive crushing and shattering of the aggregate. If the aggregate is not distributed properly, the surface shall be broomed as soon as possible after the first coverage by the roller, but not until the surface has set sufficiently to prevent excessive marking. Brooming, rolling, and supplemental spreading of aggregate shall continue until the surface is cured and rolled sufficiently to key and set the aggregate. In places not accessible to rollers, the aggregate shall be compacted with pneumatic tampers. Aggregate that becomes contaminated with foreign matter shall be removed, replaced with clean aggregate, and rerolled, as directed. The Contractor shall maintain and protect the treated areas by use of barricades for a period not to exceed 30 days.

3.5 APPLICATION OF SECOND COURSE BITUMINOUS SURFACE

3.5.1 Application of Bituminous Material

The bituminous material for the second course shall follow within 48 hours after construction of the first course, weather permitting. Excess aggregate shall be removed prior to the second application of bituminous material. If the treated surface is excessively moistened by rain, the surface shall be allowed to dry for such time as deemed necessary. The second application of bituminous material shall be applied in the manner specified in paragraph APPLICATION OF FIRST BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT, at a temperature within the range specified in the New Jersey State Highway Department Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (current edition), as directed. specified in the New Jersey State Highway Department Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (current edition), as directed. Bituminous material shall be applied within the limits specified in paragraph QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS PER SQUARE YARD.

3.5.2 Spreading of Aggregate

Immediately following the second application of bitumen, aggregate conforming to the gradation specified in paragraph QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS PER SQUARE YARD shall be spread uniformly over the bituminous material within the limits specified in paragraph QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS PER SQUARE YARD. Aggregate shall be spread and processed in the manner specified for the first course.

3.6 BROOMING AND ROLLING SECOND COURSE

The surface shall be rolled and broomed in the manner specified for the first course until a thoroughly bonded, smooth, even-textured surface is produced. Surplus aggregate shall be swept off the surface and removed prior to final acceptance.

3.7 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT: All measurements shall be units as identified in the appropriate SLINS in the Unit Price Schedule. Measurements for preparing payments shall be taken jointly with the Government Representative.

Payment for these items shall constitute full compensation for completed work including all labor and incidentals necessary to accomplish the work required by this section of the specifications.

END OF SECTION

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