SECTION 02210 PAV 2008.doc

SECTION 02210

EXCAVATION, FILLINGAND BACKFILLING OF CONCRETE CURBS, GUTTERS, STEPS, SIDEWALKS AND DRIVEWAY ENTRANCES; TOP-SOILING AND SEEDING

1, SCOPE OF WORK. This section includes excavation, filling and preparation of sub-grade after the removal of, or for the replacement of concrete sidewalks/platforms, curbs, gutters, steps and driveway entrances. Back-filling, top-soiling and seeding is also included in this section of the technical specifications.

2. REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS.

The following specifications and standards, of the issues listed below, but referred to thereafter by designation only, form a part of this specification to the extent required by the reference thereto:

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Publications

D 1556.6 Standard Methods of Test for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand Cone Method.

New Jersey State Highway Department (NJSHD)

NJSHD Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction (Current Edition)

DEFINITIONS.

Satisfactory Fill Materials: "Satisfactory Fill Materials" include materials classified in NJSHD Specifications and properly worked by the contractor to obtain optimum moisture and compaction.

3.2 Contracting Officer's Representative as too wet or too soft for providing a stable sub-grade shall be classified as "unsatisfactory".

Cohesionless and Cohesive Materials: Cohesionless materials include gravels (GW), gravel-sand mixtures (GP), sands (SW), and gravelly sands (SP). Cohesive materials include clayey and silty gravels (GC), gravel silt mixtures (GM, clayey (SC) and silty sand (SM), Sand-clay mixtures (CL), silty (LM, OL, MH) and very fine sands. When results of compaction tests for moisture-density relations are recorded on graphs, cohesionless soils will show fairly flat moisture-density curves, except for silt soils which may exhibit very narrow ranges of moisture content with which optimum compaction can be obtained

Degree of Compaction: Required compaction is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by test procedures of ASTM Test Methods D 1557.

EXCAVATION. The contractor shall excavate material encountered within the limits of the project, to the lines, grades and elevations indicated and as specified herein. Satisfactory excavated material shall be transported to and placed in fill areas within work limits. Unsatisfactory materials encountered below established sub-grades shall be excavated below grade and replaced with surplus satisfactory excavated material. Material not required for fill shall be disposed of in accordance with Section 1B, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

5. SAMPLING AND TESTING. Sampling and testing of the existing soil of sub-grade or topsoil, where the concrete sidewalks or curbs have been removed shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Sampling and testing shall be performed by the contractor when requested by the Contracting Officer's Representative. Testing shall be performed by an approved licensed commercial testing laboratory at no cost to the Government. Tests shall be performed to ensure that materials meet specified requirements. Copies of the test results shall be furnished to the Contracting Officer's Representative. When existing materials are found to be unsatisfactory and fill is required, samples of the material proposed for use as a fill shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer's Representative. When testing of the fill is required it shall be accomplished by the contractor at no expense to the Government in accordance with aforementioned requirements.

6. FILLING AND SUB-GRADE PREPARATION.

Materials: Satisfactory materials shall be used in fills and for replacing of unsatisfactory materials. Satisfactory materials shall be free from roots and other organic matter, trash, debris, frozen materials and stones larger than 3 inches in any dimension.

Preparation: When sub-grades are less than specified density, ground surfaces shall be broken up, pulverized and compacted to specified density. When sub-grade is part fill and part existing sub-grade, the existing sub-grade portion shall be broken up, pulverized and compacted along with the fill to the specified density.

Placing: Place satisfactory material in horizontal layers not exceeding 9 inches in loose depth and then compacted. No materials shall be placed on surfaces that are muddy, frozen or contain frost. No frozen materials shall be placed.

Compaction: Compaction shall be by rolling or vibrating with approved equipment well suited to the particular soil being compacted. Material shall be moistened or aerated as necessary to provide the moisture content that will facilitate obtaining the specified compaction with the equipment utilized. Each layer shall be compacted to not less than the percentage of maximum density specified below, determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557 Method D.

Fills and Sub-grade

Preparation Cohesionless Soil Cohesion Soil

Under paved areas, top 12 inches 95 90

Under sidewalks, top 6 inches 90 85

Under grassed areas 85 80

Test for Compaction: Laboratory tests for density and moisture content shall be determined in accordance ASTM D 1557. Field tests for density and moisture shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D 1556 in sufficient number to ensure that specified density is being obtained. When tests are considered to be necessary by the Contracting Officer's Representative, they will be made by the contractor and at the contractor's expense.

BACK-FILLING. After concrete is cured and forms are removed, the ground areas adjacent to the finished concrete shall be back-filled, graded and compacted to conform to the surrounding area and sloped to drain away from walks and curbs. The back-fill consisting of satisfactory fill materials shall be placed allowing a minimum of 4 inches of depth for the placement of topsoil.

TOP SOILING, FINISHES, GRADING AND SEEDING.

Applicable Publications: The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

U. S. Department of Agriculture:

Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939 (53 Stat 1275) Rules and Regulations.

Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Publication:

Official Methods of Analysis (13th Ed., 1980 and Supplements 1, 2, 3 and 4

SUBMITTALS.

Certificates of Compliance: Certificates of Compliance, attesting that all materials to be incorporated in the work meet the requirements specified, shall be furnished in Accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Certified copies of laboratory test reports, including all test data shall be submitted if required to demonstrate compliance.

Descriptive Data: Manufacturer's descriptive data and installation instructions shall be submitted.

MATERIALS.

10,1 Topsoil:

Existing topsoil. All topsoil shall have a pH of 6.2 - 6.8. Lime shall be added, if required. The contractor shall dispose of stored topsoil remaining after all work is in place.

10.1.2 New Topsoil: If stockpiled material is not sufficient to complete all indicated work, additional top soil shall be furnished by the contractor from approved sources off the site. Topsoil provided shall be a fertile natural friable loam surface soil, representative of productive soils in the vicinity. All topsoil shall have a pH of 6.2 - 6.8. Lime shall be added, if required. Topsoil shall be obtained from well-drained areas, free of admixture of sub soil and foreign matter or objects larger than 1 inch in diameter; topsoil shall not contain toxic substances or other material or substances, which may be harmful to plant growth.

10.2 Areas to be seeded: Seed all earth within the construction limits, including all earth areas disturbed by construction operations. Areas to be seeded shall have topsoil, depth 4 inches and prepared as described herein.

PROPORTION MINIMUM

BY WEIGHT GERMINATION PURITY

Flying Kentucky Blue

30%

85%

95%

Pennlawn Fescue

60%

Perennial Ryegrass

10%

90%

95%

Commercial Fertilizer: Complete fertilizer of neutral character, with some elements derived from organic sources and containing the following percentages of available plant

Nutrients

Provided fertilizer with percentage of nitrogen required to provide not less than 1 pound of actual nitrogen per 100 square feet of lawn area and not less than 4 percent phosphoric acid and 2 percent potassium. Provide nitrogen in a form that will be available to the lawn during initial period of growth; at least 50 percent of nitrogen to be in organic form.

Lime shall be ground Limestone containing not less than 95 percent of total carbonates and shall be ground to such fineness that at least 50 percent will pass through a 100 mesh sieve, and at least 50 percent will pass through a 20 mesh sieve. Coarser materials will be accepted provided the specific rates of application are increased proportionately on the basis of quantities passing the 100 mesh sieve.

CERTIFICATES, INSPECTIONS AND TESTS.

Fertilizer and Lime: Invoices for fertilizer shall show grade furnished. Invoices for Lime shall show total minimum carbonates and minimum percentages of material furnished which pass 100- and 200-mesh sieves. Each lot of fertilizer and lime shall be subject to sampling and testing, when so directed by the Contracting Officer's Representative, in accordance with the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Top Soil: After award of the contract, contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer's Representative of the sources from which topsoil is to be furnished, so that he may inspect soil. At the time of inspection representative soil samples may be taken from several locations in the area under consideration, to be tested for physical properties and pH (or lime requirement), for organic matter, and for available phosphoric acid and potash. Samples shall be supplied by the contractor and tests made under supervision of the Contracting Officer's Representative at the contractor's expense. Sampling and testing shall be in accordance with standard practices for soil testing. Topsoil shall be approved prior to use. Depth to which topsoil is to be stripped shall be as approved, and all samples drawn from the area shall be taken to the full approved depth.

Seed: Each container of seed shall be fully labeled in accordance with the Federal Seed Act and seed certification shall be signed and made part of seed invoices. Each lot of seed shall be subject to sampling and testing, when directed by the Contracting Officer's Representative, in accordance with current Rules and Regulations under the Federal Seed Act. Samples shall be submitted 40 days prior to use for adequate tests.

PREPARATION OF SITE.

General: The areas to be treated and their respective requirements for seed, fertilizer, lime and other treatment shall be as specified herein. Equipment necessary for the proper preparation of the ground surface and for handling and placing all required materials shall be on hand, in good condition, and shall be approved before work is started. The contractor shall demonstrate, before starting work, that the application of the materials required will be made at the specified rates.

Undisturbed areas which are to be retained.

Areas which are disturbed by construction operations and areas indicated by the Contracting Officer's Representative.

Clearing: Prior to placing top soil, tillage or other specified operations, all vegetation which might interfere with the indicated treatment of the areas shall be mowed, grubbed, raked and the debris removed from the site. Prior to or during grading and tillage operations, he ground surface shall be cleared of materials, which might hinder final operations.

Grading: All lawn and planted areas which have been rough graded shall be maintained in a true and even condition prior to topsoiling. Areas, which have not previously been disturbed by others, shall be graded and/or developed as indicated in the specifications.

Topsoiling: Topsoil shall be uniformly distributed on all disturbed areas and evenly spread to a minimum thickness of 4 inches. Prior to placing the topsoil, the sub-grade shall be loosened by disking or by scarifying to a depth of at lease 2 inches, to permit bonding to the sub-grade. Any irregularities in the surface resulting from top soiling or other operations shall be corrected in order to prevent the formation of depressions where water shall stand. Topsoil shall not be placed when the sub-grade is frozen, excessively wet, extremely dry, or in a condition otherwise detrimental to the proposed planting or to proper grading.

Application of Fertilizer:

Seeded/sodded Areas: Fertilizer shall be distributed uniformly at the rate of 400 pounds per acre over the areas indicated to be seeded and shall be incorporated into the soil a depth of at least 3 inches by disking, harrowing or other approved methods. The incorporation of fertilizer may be a part of the tillage operation here in before specified. Distribution by means of an approved seed drill equipped to sow and distribute fertilizer at the same time will be acceptable

Application of Lime: Immediately following or simultaneously with incorporation of fertilizer, lime shall be distributed uniformly at a rate determined by soil test and shall be incorporated into the soil to a depth of at least 3 inches by disking, harrowing or other methods acceptable to the Contracting Officer's Representative. Incorporation of lime together with fertilizer may form a part of tillage operations here in before specified.

Leveling: Any undulations or irregularities in the surface resulting from tillage, fertilizing, liming or other operations shall be leveled with a float drag before seeding or sodding operations are begun.

SEEDING AND SPREADING.

General: All seeding work shall be performed only during seasons when satisfactory results can be obtained, except as otherwise directed, in writing, by the Contracting Officer's Representative. An approved method of sowing shall be employed, making use of approved mechanical seeders, mechanical hand seeders, or other approved methods. When delays in operations carry the work beyond the most favorable planting season for the species designated, or when the conditions are such, by reason of drought, high winds, excessive moisture, or other factors, that satisfactory results are not likely to be obtained, the work shall be stopped. The work shall be resumed only when conditions are favorable again, as approved by the Contracting Officer's Representative.

13.2 Broadcast Seeding: Seed shall be broadcast, either by hand or approved equipment, at the rate of 5 pounds per 1,000 square feet. The seed shall be uniformly distributed over the designated areas. Half the seed shall be sown with sower moving in one direction, the remainder shall be sown with the sower moving at right angles to the first sowing, The seed shall be covered by means of a chain harrow, cultipacker, or other approved device. Broadcast seeding shall not be done during windy weather. In areas inaccessible to mechanical equipment, seeds are lightly raked into the ground with flexible rakes, after which the ground shall be rolled with a 500-pound roller then thoroughly watered with a fine spray.

MAINTENANCE.

Watering: Contractor shall be responsible for watering and proper care of the seeded and sodded areas during the period when the grass is becoming established. This period shall extend for 60 days after the completion of the seeding or sodding on the entire project, unless the desired cover is established in a shorter period of time, and the shortening of the period of the contractor's responsibility for the acceptable established areas is authorized by the Contracting Officer's Representative.

Mowing: Contractor shall mow with approved mowing equipment to a height of 3-1/2 inches. If weeds or other undesirable vegetation threaten to smother the planted species, such vegetation shall be moved or, in the case of exceedingly rank growth, be uprooted, raked and removed from the area.

Re-fertilizing: Apply fertilizer specified in paragraph 10.3: Commercial Fertilizer over the entire lawn area at the rate of 15 pounds per 1,000 square feet, immediately following the second mowing.

15. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT. All measurements shall be in units as identified in the appropriate SLINS in the Unit Price Schedule. Measurements for preparing payments shall be taken jointly with the Government Representative. Payment for these items shall constitute full compensation for completed work including all labor and incidentals necessary to accomplish the work required by this section of the specifications.

END OF SECTION

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